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{{Short description|Proposed thirteenth astrological sign}} | |||
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'''Ophiuchus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɒ|f|i|ˈ|juː|k|ə|s}}; {{langx|grc|Ὀφιοῦχος||Serpent-bearer}}; ] ⛎︎) has been proposed as a 13th ] of the ]. The idea appears to have originated in 1970 with Steven Schmidt's suggestion of a 14-sign zodiac, also including ] as a sign. A 13-sign zodiac has been promulgated by ] and by Mark Yazaki in 1995, a suggestion that achieved some popularity in ]. | |||
'''Ophiuchus''' ({{pron-en|ɒˈfjuːk.əs}}) has sometimes been used in ] as a thirteenth constellation in addition to the twelve signs of the tropical ], because ] (Greek {{lang|gr|Ὀφιοῦχος}} "Serpent-bearer") as defined by the 1930 ] is situated behind the sun between November 29 and December 17. | |||
However, in sidereal and tropical ] (including ]), a 12-sign zodiac is based on dividing the ] into 12 equal parts rather than the ]'s constellation boundaries. That is, astrological signs do not correspond to the ] which are their namesakes, particularly not in the case of the tropical system where the divisions are fixed relative to the ], moving relative to the constellations.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kahn |first1=Nina |title=Here's What Astrologers Want You To Know About Ophiuchus, The So-Called 13th Sign |url=https://www.bustle.com/life/did-my-zodiac-sign-change-ophiuchus-the-13th-sign-debunked |website=Bustle |access-date=28 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Andrew |first1=Scottie |title=No, NASA didn't create a 13th zodiac sign |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/07/17/us/nasa-13th-zodiac-trnd/index.html |website=CNN |access-date=28 November 2021}}</ref> The astronomical constellation ], as defined by the 1930 IAU's ], is situated behind the Sun from November 29 to December 18.<ref>{{cite web |last=McClure |first=Bruce |title=Born under the sign of Ophiuchus? |url=https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/born-between-november-29-and-december-18-heres-your-constellation |access-date=2021-04-22 |publisher=Earthsky Communications Inc.}}</ref> | |||
The idea appears to originate in 1970 with Stephen Schmidt's suggestion of a 14-sign zodiac (also including ] as a sign). A ] has been suggested by ] and by Mark Yazaki in 1995, a suggestion that achieved some popularity in ] (where Ophiuchus is known as {{Nihongo|snake messenger|へびつかい座|hebitsukai}}). | |||
Mainstream sidereal astrology, notably ], and ] (including the popular ]) use the traditional 12-sign zodiac based on dividing the ecliptic into 12 equal parts rather than the IAU constellation boundaries, and do not regard Ophiuchus as a sign. | |||
There is considerable confusion between the notion of a sign, which is an equal division of the sky into 12 in both the Vedic and the Western systems of astrology, and a constellation, which is a grouping of stars that touches the ecliptic. While Vedic uses a sidereal system based on the stars, that sidereal horoscope is divided evenly into 12 signs which are symbolic of the varying-size constellations they make contact with. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
{{further|Ophiuchus}} | |||
Ophiuchus and some of the fixed stars in it were sometimes used by astrologers in antiquity as extra-zodiacal indicators (i.e. astrologically significant celestial phenomena lying outside of the 12-sign zodiac proper). An anonymous 4th century astrologer, often known as ], seems to have associated "the bright star of Ophiuchus", likely α Ophiuchi, with doctors, healers or physicians (ἰατρῶν).<ref>] and ], ''Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum'', Vol. 5, part 1, Brussels, 1904, pg. 210.</ref> | |||
The constellation is described in the astrological poem of ] as the one that winds in loops: "But, bending its supple neck, the serpent looks back and returns: and the other's hands slide over the loosened coils. The struggle will last forever, since they wage it on level terms with equal powers".<ref>Manilius, ''Astronomica'', I.333ff.</ref> Later in his poem, he describes the astrological influence of Ophiuchus, when the constellation is in its rising phase, as one which offers affinity with snakes and protection from poisons, saying "he renders the forms of snakes innocuous to those born under him. They will receive snakes into the folds of their flowing robes, and will exchange kisses with these poisonous monsters and suffer no harm".<ref>Manilius, ''Astronomica'', V.389ff.</ref> A later 4th century astrologer, known as Anonymous of 379, associated "the bright star of Ophiuchus", ] (α Ophiuchi), with doctors, healers or physicians (ἰατρῶν), which may have been because of the association between poisons and medicines.<ref>] and ], ''Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum'', Vol. 5, part 1, Brussels, 1904, pg. 210.</ref> | |||
Based on the 1930 ], suggestions that |
Based on the 1930 ], suggestions that there are "13 astrological signs" because "the Sun is in the sign of Ophiuchus" between November 30 and December 18 have been published since at least the 1970s.<ref>Lee T. Shapiro, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126062745/http://www.ips-planetarium.org/planetarian/articles/realconstellations_zodiac.html |date=2011-01-26 }}, Planetarian, Spring 1977. | ||
Because of the tilt of the planes of the planets' paths relative to Earth's (the ecliptic), the planets actually pass through a number of other constellations as well, as was observed by John Mosely in , Planetarian, Vol. 28, #4, December 1999.</ref> | Because of the tilt of the planes of the planets' paths relative to Earth's (the ecliptic), the planets actually pass through a number of other constellations as well, as was observed by John Mosely in {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427065257/http://www.ips-planetarium.org/planetarian/articles/realrealconstellations.html |date=2011-04-27 }}, Planetarian, Vol. 28, #4, December 1999.</ref> | ||
In 1970, Steven Schmidt in his ''Astrology 14'' advocated a 14-sign, equal-length zodiac, introducing Ophiuchus (December 6 to December 31) and ] (May 12 to June 6) as new signs.<ref name="Schmidt1970">{{cite book |last1=Schmidt |first1=Steven |title=Astrology 14 |date=1970 |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill Company |pages=6–8}}</ref> His book attracted the attention of the news magazine '']'', with mainstream astrologers criticizing Schmidt's proposals (like dropping the ] in his system). This led Schmidt to publish ''The Astrology 14 Horoscope: How to Cast and Interpret It'' in 1974, with ] as the ruler of Ophiuchus (instead of ]) and ] as the ruler of Cetus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Schmidt |first=Steven |title=The astrology 14 horoscope: how to cast and interpret it |date=1974 |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill |isbn=978-0-672-51647-4 |location=Indianapolis}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=23 November 1970 |title=Modern Living: The Revised Zodiac |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,943321,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120703041854/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,943321,00.html |archive-date=July 3, 2012 |magazine=Time |issn=0040-781X}}</ref> Within 20th-century ], the idea was taken up by ] in the form of his book, ''The 13 Signs of the Zodiac'' (1995). | |||
In 1970, Stephen Schmidt in his ''Astrology 14'' advocated a 14-sign zodiac, introducing Ophiuchus (December 6 to December 31) and ] (May 12 to June 6) as new signs.<ref>, ], 23 November 1970.</ref> | |||
Within 20th-century ], the idea was taken up by ] in his ''The 13 Signs of the Zodiac'' (1995). Berg's ''The 13 Signs of the Zodiac'' was published in Japan in 1996 and became a bestseller, and Berg's system has since been comparatively widespread in Japanese pop culture, appearing for example in the ] video game series.<ref></ref> | |||
In January 2011, a statement by Parke Kunkle |
In January 2011, a statement by Parke Kunkle, an astronomer at the ],<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sappenfield |first1=Mark |title=New zodiac signs 2011: Can one guy just change the zodiac like that? |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2011/0114/New-zodiac-signs-2011-Can-one-guy-just-change-the-zodiac-like-that |website=Christian Science Monitor |access-date=19 May 2021 |date=2011-01-14}}</ref> repeated the idea of "the 13th zodiac sign Ophiuchus" which made some headlines in the popular press.<ref>], , ], 14 January 2011</ref> | ||
==Symbol== | |||
Schmidt introduced his own symbol for his Ophiuchus sign in ]. It was a stylized representation of a man carrying a snake.<ref>Schmidt (1974), p. 17. His Cetus symbol has the shape of a stylized fish.</ref> | |||
In 1995 Berg also proposed a symbol for Ophiuchus, and it has come into comparatively widespread use in Japan. In 2009, it was suggested for inclusion in the ] standard as part of an ] extension.<ref> | |||
, Date: 2010-Apr-27. Authors: Markus Scherer, Mark Davis, Kat Momoi, Darick Tong (Google Inc.) | |||
Yasuo Kida, Peter Edberg (Apple Inc.).</ref> | |||
The symbol looks like a letter ] with a superimposed ] ({{unicode|u̴}}). | |||
It has been added to the Unicode ] codepage (U+26CE {{unicode|⛎}}) as of version 6.0 (October 2010). | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Zodiac}} | |||
*Stephen Schmidt (1970), ''Astrology 14: your new sun sign'', Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis; ] 1971. | |||
*Stephen Schmidt (1974), ''The Astrology 14 Horoscope: How to Cast and Interpret It'', Bobbs-Merrill, ISBN 978-0-672-51647-4. | |||
*] (1995), ''The 13 Signs of the Zodiac: Discover who you really are with the new Sun signs'', Thorsons, ISBN 978-0-7225-3254-6. | |||
*Mark Yazaki マーク矢崎 (1995), 13星座占星術—これからはへびつかい座が加わるぞ! (''13-Constellation Horoscopes: Enter Ophiuchus!''), 21st Century Books, ISBN 978-4-391-11845-2. | |||
==External links== | |||
{{Commons cat|Ophiuchus (astrology)}} | |||
* by Shepherd Simpson. | |||
{{zodiac}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 00:27, 22 December 2024
Proposed thirteenth astrological sign
Astrology |
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Astrological signs |
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Ophiuchus (/ˌɒfiˈjuːkəs/; Ancient Greek: Ὀφιοῦχος, lit. 'Serpent-bearer'; astrological symbol ⛎︎) has been proposed as a 13th sign of the sidereal and tropical zodiac. The idea appears to have originated in 1970 with Steven Schmidt's suggestion of a 14-sign zodiac, also including Cetus as a sign. A 13-sign zodiac has been promulgated by Walter Berg and by Mark Yazaki in 1995, a suggestion that achieved some popularity in Japan.
However, in sidereal and tropical astrology (including sun-sign astrology), a 12-sign zodiac is based on dividing the ecliptic into 12 equal parts rather than the International Astronomical Union's constellation boundaries. That is, astrological signs do not correspond to the constellations which are their namesakes, particularly not in the case of the tropical system where the divisions are fixed relative to the equinox, moving relative to the constellations. The astronomical constellation Ophiuchus, as defined by the 1930 IAU's constellation boundaries, is situated behind the Sun from November 29 to December 18.
History
Further information: OphiuchusThe constellation is described in the astrological poem of Marcus Manilius as the one that winds in loops: "But, bending its supple neck, the serpent looks back and returns: and the other's hands slide over the loosened coils. The struggle will last forever, since they wage it on level terms with equal powers". Later in his poem, he describes the astrological influence of Ophiuchus, when the constellation is in its rising phase, as one which offers affinity with snakes and protection from poisons, saying "he renders the forms of snakes innocuous to those born under him. They will receive snakes into the folds of their flowing robes, and will exchange kisses with these poisonous monsters and suffer no harm". A later 4th century astrologer, known as Anonymous of 379, associated "the bright star of Ophiuchus", Ras Alhague (α Ophiuchi), with doctors, healers or physicians (ἰατρῶν), which may have been because of the association between poisons and medicines.
Based on the 1930 IAU constellation boundaries, suggestions that there are "13 astrological signs" because "the Sun is in the sign of Ophiuchus" between November 30 and December 18 have been published since at least the 1970s.
In 1970, Steven Schmidt in his Astrology 14 advocated a 14-sign, equal-length zodiac, introducing Ophiuchus (December 6 to December 31) and Cetus (May 12 to June 6) as new signs. His book attracted the attention of the news magazine Time, with mainstream astrologers criticizing Schmidt's proposals (like dropping the usage of classical elements in his system). This led Schmidt to publish The Astrology 14 Horoscope: How to Cast and Interpret It in 1974, with Pluto as the ruler of Ophiuchus (instead of Scorpio) and Jupiter as the ruler of Cetus. Within 20th-century sidereal astrology, the idea was taken up by Walter Berg in the form of his book, The 13 Signs of the Zodiac (1995).
In January 2011, a statement by Parke Kunkle, an astronomer at the Minnesota Planetarium Society, repeated the idea of "the 13th zodiac sign Ophiuchus" which made some headlines in the popular press.
References
- Kahn, Nina. "Here's What Astrologers Want You To Know About Ophiuchus, The So-Called 13th Sign". Bustle. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
- Andrew, Scottie. "No, NASA didn't create a 13th zodiac sign". CNN. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
- McClure, Bruce. "Born under the sign of Ophiuchus?". Earthsky Communications Inc. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
- Manilius, Astronomica, I.333ff.
- Manilius, Astronomica, V.389ff.
- Franz Cumont and Franz Boll, Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum, Vol. 5, part 1, Brussels, 1904, pg. 210.
- Lee T. Shapiro, The Real Constellations of the Zodiac Archived 2011-01-26 at the Wayback Machine, Planetarian, Spring 1977. Because of the tilt of the planes of the planets' paths relative to Earth's (the ecliptic), the planets actually pass through a number of other constellations as well, as was observed by John Mosely in The Real, Real Constellations of the Zodiac Archived 2011-04-27 at the Wayback Machine, Planetarian, Vol. 28, #4, December 1999.
- Schmidt, Steven (1970). Astrology 14. Bobbs-Merrill Company. pp. 6–8.
- Schmidt, Steven (1974). The astrology 14 horoscope: how to cast and interpret it. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill. ISBN 978-0-672-51647-4.
- "Modern Living: The Revised Zodiac". Time. 23 November 1970. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on July 3, 2012.
- Sappenfield, Mark (2011-01-14). "New zodiac signs 2011: Can one guy just change the zodiac like that?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
- Howard Chua-Eoan, Welcome to the Zodiac, Ophiuchus. But Who Are You?, Time Magazine, 14 January 2011
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