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{{Short description|Six stacked horizontal lines used in Chinese divination}}
The ] book consists of 64 '''hexagrams'''.<ref>{{Cite book
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Hexagram (''I Ching'')}}
]<ref>Perkins, Franklin. ''Leibniz and China: A Commerce of Light''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p 117. Print.</ref>]]

The '']'' book consists of 64 '''hexagrams'''.<ref>{{Cite book
| last = Wilhelm | last = Wilhelm
| first = Richard | first = Richard
| title = The I Ching or Book of Changes | title = The I Ching or Book of Changes
| publisher =
| series =
| volume =
| edition =
| date = 1950 | date = 1950
}}</ref>
| language = English
| url =
| isbn = }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite book <ref>{{Cite book
| last = Legge | last = Legge
| first = James | first = James
| title = I Ching: Book of Changes | title = I Ching: Book of Changes
| publisher =
| series =
| volume =
| edition =
| date = 1964 | date = 1964
}}</ref>
| language = English
A '''hexagram''' in this context is a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines (] yáo), where each line is either ] (an unbroken, or solid line), or ] (broken, an open line with a gap in the center). The hexagram lines are traditionally counted from the bottom up, so the lowest line is considered line one while the top line is line six. Hexagrams are formed by combining the original ] in different combinations. Each hexagram is accompanied with a description, often cryptic, akin to parables. Each line in every hexagram is also given a similar description.
| url =
| isbn = }}</ref>


The Chinese word for a hexagram is ] "guà", although that also means trigram.
A hexagram is a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines (爻 yáo), where each line is either ] (an unbroken, or solid line), or ] (broken, an open line with a gap in the center). The hexagram lines are traditionally counted from the bottom up, so the lowest line is considered line 1 while the top line is line 6. Hexagrams are formed by combining the original eight trigrams in different combinations. Each hexagram is accompanied with a description, often cryptic, akin to parables. Each line in every hexagram is also given a similar description.
]


==Hexagram types== ==Types==
{{More citations needed|date=July 2021}}
Classic and modern I Ching commentaries mention a number of different hexagram types:
]
* ]
Classic and modern ''I Ching'' commentaries mention a number of different hexagram types:
* Original hexagram
* ]
* Future hexagram
* Original Hexagram
* Nuclear hexagram
* Future Hexagram
* Reverse hexagram (is found by turning a hexagram upside down)
* Contrasting (Reverse) Hexagram (is found by turning a hexagram upside down)<ref name="clarity">{{cite web |title=Hexagrams of context |url=https://www.onlineclarity.co.uk/learn/interpreting-the-i-ching/hexagrams-of-context/ |website=I Ching with Clarity}}</ref>
* Complementary hexagram (is found by changing all the lines into their opposite)
* Complementary Hexagram (is found by changing all the lines into their opposite)<ref name="clarity"/>
* Hexagram of Sequence<ref name="clarity"/>
* Nuclear (Mutual) Hexagram (hu gua) (is found by taking the inner lines of a hexagram; given that the original hexagram's lines are labeled 1 through 6 from bottom up, the nuclear hexagram contains the lines 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5)<ref name="clarity"/>
* Hexagram of Change (bian gua) * Hexagram of Change (bian gua)
* Internal Hexagram (nei gua) * Internal Hexagram (nei gua)
* External Hexagram (wai gua) * External Hexagram (wai gua)
* Mutual Hexagram (hu gua)


==Sequences==
==Hexagram sequences==
The most commonly known sequence is the ]. A totally different sequence was found in the ]. The hexagrams are also found in the ], also known as ] sequence or ] sequence. The most commonly known sequence is the ]. A totally different sequence was found in the ]. The hexagrams are also found in the ], also known as ] sequence or ] sequence.


==References== ==Lookup table==

{{Reflist}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-----
| rowspan=3 width="10%" ! style="background:LightYellow;" | Upper →<br />Lower ↓
! style="font-size:150%;background:Gold;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☰
! style="font-size:150%;background:Gold;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☱
! style="font-size:150%;background:Gold;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☲
! style="font-size:150%;background:Gold;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☳
! style="font-size:150%;background:Gold;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☴
! style="font-size:150%;background:Gold;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☵
! style="font-size:150%;background:Gold;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☶
! style="font-size:150%;background:Gold;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☷
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>乾<rp>(</rp><rt>qián</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>兌<rp>(</rp><rt>duì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>離<rp>(</rp><rt>lí</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>震<rp>(</rp><rt>zhèn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>巽<rp>(</rp><rt>xùn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>坎<rp>(</rp><rt>kǎn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>艮<rp>(</rp><rt>gèn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>坤<rp>(</rp><rt>kūn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Heaven
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Lake
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Flame
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Thunder
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Wind
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Water
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Mountain
! style="background:Gold;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Earth
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%;background:Pink;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☰
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
|- style="font-size:200%;"
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷀
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷪
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷍
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷡
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷈
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷄
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷙
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷊
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>乾<rp>(</rp><rt>qián</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>乾<rp>(</rp><rt>qián</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>夬<rp>(</rp><rt>guài</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>大有<rp>(</rp><rt>dàyǒu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>大壯<rp>(</rp><rt>dàzhuàng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>小畜<rp>(</rp><rt>xiǎoxù</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>需<rp>(</rp><rt>xū</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>大畜<rp>(</rp><rt>dàchù</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>泰<rp>(</rp><rt>tài</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Heaven
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%;background:Pink;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☱
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
|- style="font-size:200%;"
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷉
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷹
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷥
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷵
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷼
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷻
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷨
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷒
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>兌<rp>(</rp><rt>duì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>履<rp>(</rp><rt>lǚ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>兌<rp>(</rp><rt>duì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>睽<rp>(</rp><rt>kuí</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>歸妹<rp>(</rp><rt>guīmèi</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>中孚<rp>(</rp><rt>zhōngfú</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>節<rp>(</rp><rt>jié</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>損<rp>(</rp><rt>sǔn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>臨<rp>(</rp><rt>lín</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Lake
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%;background:Pink;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☲
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
|- style="font-size:200%;"
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷌
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷰
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷝
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷶
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷤
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷾
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷕
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷣
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>離<rp>(</rp><rt>lí</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>同人<rp>(</rp><rt>tóngrén</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>革<rp>(</rp><rt>gé</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>離<rp>(</rp><rt>lí</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>豐<rp>(</rp><rt>fēng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>家人<rp>(</rp><rt>jiārén</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>既濟<rp>(</rp><rt>jìjì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>賁<rp>(</rp><rt>bì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>明夷<rp>(</rp><rt>míngyí</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Flame
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%;background:Pink;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☳
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
|- style="font-size:200%;"
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷘
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷐
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷔
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷲
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷩
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷂
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷚
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷗
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>震<rp>(</rp><rt>zhèn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>無妄<rp>(</rp><rt>wúwàng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>隨<rp>(</rp><rt>suí</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>噬嗑<rp>(</rp><rt>shìhé</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>震<rp>(</rp><rt>zhèn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>益<rp>(</rp><rt>yì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>屯<rp>(</rp><rt>zhūn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>頤<rp>(</rp><rt>yí</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>復<rp>(</rp><rt>fù</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Thunder
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%;background:Pink;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☴
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
|- style="font-size:200%;"
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷫
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷛
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷱
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷟
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷸
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷯
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷑
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷭
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>巽<rp>(</rp><rt>xùn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>姤<rp>(</rp><rt>gòu</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>大過<rp>(</rp><rt>dàguò</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>鼎<rp>(</rp><rt>dǐng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>恆<rp>(</rp><rt>héng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>巽<rp>(</rp><rt>xùn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>井<rp>(</rp><rt>jǐng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>蠱<rp>(</rp><rt>gǔ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>升<rp>(</rp><rt>shēng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Wind
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%;background:Pink;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☵
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
|- style="font-size:200%;"
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷅
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷮
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷿
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷧
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷺
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷜
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷃
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷆
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>坎<rp>(</rp><rt>kǎn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>訟<rp>(</rp><rt>sòng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>困<rp>(</rp><rt>kùn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>未濟<rp>(</rp><rt>wèijì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>解<rp>(</rp><rt>jiě</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>渙<rp>(</rp><rt>huàn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>坎<rp>(</rp><rt>kǎn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>蒙<rp>(</rp><rt>méng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>師<rp>(</rp><rt>shī</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Water
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%;background:Pink;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☶
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
|- style="font-size:200%;"
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷠
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷞
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷷
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷽
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷴
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷦
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷳
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷎
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>艮<rp>(</rp><rt>gèn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>遯<rp>(</rp><rt>dùn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>咸<rp>(</rp><rt>xián</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>旅<rp>(</rp><rt>lǚ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>小過<rp>(</rp><rt>xiǎoguò</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>漸<rp>(</rp><rt>jiàn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>蹇<rp>(</rp><rt>jiǎn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>艮<rp>(</rp><rt>gèn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>謙<rp>(</rp><rt>qiān</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Mountain
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-size:150%;background:Pink;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ☷
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
| style="border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ]
|- style="font-size:200%;"
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷋
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷬
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷢
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷏
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷓
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷇
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷖
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | ䷁
|- style="font-size:calc(400% / 3);"
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>坤<rp>(</rp><rt>kūn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>否<rp>(</rp><rt>pǐ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>萃<rp>(</rp><rt>cuì</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>晉<rp>(</rp><rt>jìn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>豫<rp>(</rp><rt>yù</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>觀<rp>(</rp><rt>guàn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>比<rp>(</rp><rt>bǐ</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>剝<rp>(</rp><rt>bāo</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
| style="border-top:0px;border-bottom:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;" | <ruby>坤<rp>(</rp><rt>kūn</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>
|-
! style="background:Pink;border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | Earth
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
| style="border-top:0px;padding-top:0px;" | ]
|}


==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]


==References==
]
{{Reflist}}


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Latest revision as of 07:55, 26 May 2024

Six stacked horizontal lines used in Chinese divination
The hexagrams of the I Ching in a diagram belonging to the German mathematician philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

The I Ching book consists of 64 hexagrams. A hexagram in this context is a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines (爻 yáo), where each line is either Yang (an unbroken, or solid line), or Yin (broken, an open line with a gap in the center). The hexagram lines are traditionally counted from the bottom up, so the lowest line is considered line one while the top line is line six. Hexagrams are formed by combining the original eight trigrams in different combinations. Each hexagram is accompanied with a description, often cryptic, akin to parables. Each line in every hexagram is also given a similar description.

The Chinese word for a hexagram is 卦 "guà", although that also means trigram.

Types

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Hexagram numbers, in King Wen sequence

Classic and modern I Ching commentaries mention a number of different hexagram types:

  • Eight Trigrams
  • Original Hexagram
  • Future Hexagram
  • Contrasting (Reverse) Hexagram (is found by turning a hexagram upside down)
  • Complementary Hexagram (is found by changing all the lines into their opposite)
  • Hexagram of Sequence
  • Nuclear (Mutual) Hexagram (hu gua) (is found by taking the inner lines of a hexagram; given that the original hexagram's lines are labeled 1 through 6 from bottom up, the nuclear hexagram contains the lines 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5)
  • Hexagram of Change (bian gua)
  • Internal Hexagram (nei gua)
  • External Hexagram (wai gua)

Sequences

The most commonly known sequence is the King Wen sequence. A totally different sequence was found in the Mawangdui Silk Texts. The hexagrams are also found in the Binary sequence, also known as Fu Xi sequence or Shao Yong sequence.

Lookup table

Upper →
Lower ↓ 		☰ ☱ ☲ ☳ ☴ ☵ ☶ ☷
乾(qián) 兌(duì) 離(lí) 震(zhèn) 巽(xùn) 坎(kǎn) 艮(gèn) 坤(kūn)
Heaven Lake Flame Thunder Wind Water Mountain Earth
☰ 1 43 14 34 9 5 26 11
䷀ ䷪ ䷍ ䷡ ䷈ ䷄ ䷙ ䷊
乾(qián) 乾(qián) 夬(guài) 大有(dàyǒu) 大壯(dàzhuàng) 小畜(xiǎoxù) 需(xū) 大畜(dàchù) 泰(tài)
Heaven Force Displacement Great Possessing Great Invigorating Small Harvest Attending Great Accumulating Pervading
☱ 10 58 38 54 61 60 41 19
䷉ ䷹ ䷥ ䷵ ䷼ ䷻ ䷨ ䷒
兌(duì) 履(lǚ) 兌(duì) 睽(kuí) 歸妹(guīmèi) 中孚(zhōngfú) 節(jié) 損(sǔn) 臨(lín)
Lake Treading Open Polarising Converting the Maiden Inner Truth Articulating Diminishing Nearing
☲ 13 49 30 55 37 63 22 36
䷌ ䷰ ䷝ ䷶ ䷤ ䷾ ䷕ ䷣
離(lí) 同人(tóngrén) 革(gé) 離(lí) 豐(fēng) 家人(jiārén) 既濟(jìjì) 賁(bì) 明夷(míngyí)
Flame Concording People Skinning Radiance Abounding Dwelling People Already Fording Adorning Intelligence Hidden
☳ 25 17 21 51 42 3 27 24
䷘ ䷐ ䷔ ䷲ ䷩ ䷂ ䷚ ䷗
震(zhèn) 無妄(wúwàng) 隨(suí) 噬嗑(shìhé) 震(zhèn) 益(yì) 屯(zhūn) 頤(yí) 復(fù)
Thunder Innocence Following Gnawing Bite Shake Augmenting Sprouting Swallowing Returning
☴ 44 28 50 32 57 48 18 46
䷫ ䷛ ䷱ ䷟ ䷸ ䷯ ䷑ ䷭
巽(xùn) 姤(gòu) 大過(dàguò) 鼎(dǐng) 恆(héng) 巽(xùn) 井(jǐng) 蠱(gǔ) 升(shēng)
Wind Coupling Great Exceeding Holding Persevering Ground Welling Correcting Ascending
☵ 6 47 64 40 59 29 4 7
䷅ ䷮ ䷿ ䷧ ䷺ ䷜ ䷃ ䷆
坎(kǎn) 訟(sòng) 困(kùn) 未濟(wèijì) 解(jiě) 渙(huàn) 坎(kǎn) 蒙(méng) 師(shī)
Water Arguing Confining Before Completion Deliverance Dispersing Gorge Enveloping Leading
☶ 33 31 56 62 53 39 52 15
䷠ ䷞ ䷷ ䷽ ䷴ ䷦ ䷳ ䷎
艮(gèn) 遯(dùn) 咸(xián) 旅(lǚ) 小過(xiǎoguò) 漸(jiàn) 蹇(jiǎn) 艮(gèn) 謙(qiān)
Mountain Retiring Conjoining Sojourning Small Exceeding Infiltrating Limping Bound Humbling
☷ 12 45 35 16 20 8 23 2
䷋ ䷬ ䷢ ䷏ ䷓ ䷇ ䷖ ䷁
坤(kūn) 否(pǐ) 萃(cuì) 晉(jìn) 豫(yù) 觀(guàn) 比(bǐ) 剝(bāo) 坤(kūn)
Earth Obstruction Clustering Prospering Providing-For Viewing Grouping Stripping Field

See also

References

  1. Perkins, Franklin. Leibniz and China: A Commerce of Light. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p 117. Print.
  2. Wilhelm, Richard (1950). The I Ching or Book of Changes.
  3. Legge, James (1964). I Ching: Book of Changes.
  4. ^ "Hexagrams of context". I Ching with Clarity.
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