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			{{Short description\|Greek king of Cyrenaica from 276 BC to 250 BC}}
	'''Magas of Cyrene''' (r. ] - ]) was a Greek king of ] (today's ]). He managed to wrestle independence for Cyrene from the Greek ] in ].
			{{Infobox royalty
			\| title = ]
			\| image = ]
			\| caption = Magas as king of Cyrene, circa 282/75 to 261 BC. ''Rev'': ] and small ] and crab symbols.
			\| succession = ]
			\| reign = 276–250 BC<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Howard \|first=Michael C. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6QPWXrCCzBIC&pg=PA48 \|title=Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel \|date=2014-01-10 \|publisher=McFarland \|isbn=978-0-7864-9033-2 \|pages=48 \|language=en\|quote=Magas of Cyrene (Libya, r. 276–250 B.C.),}}</ref>
			\| predecessor = ] (local ruler)<br>]<br>(as ] of ])
			\| successor = ] (as Queen) and ] (as King)
			\| regent = ]<ref>{{Cite book \|author=Branko van Oppen de Ruiter\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi6FCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 \|title=Berenice II Euergetis: Essays in Early Hellenistic Queenship \|date=2016-02-03 \|publisher=Springer \|isbn=978-1-137-49462-7 \|pages=39 \|language=en\|quote=Remarkably, Berenice was hailed ''basilissa'' on coins even in her father's lifetime,
			}}</ref> (from 258 BC)
			\| reg-type = Co-regent
			\| birth_date = c. 320 BC<ref name="Clayman30"></ref>
			\| birth_place = ]
			\| death_date = 250 BC
			\| death_place = ]
			\| spouse = ]
			\| issue = ]
			\| house = ]<br>]
			\| house-type = House<br>Dynasty
			\| father = ]
			\| mother = ]
			\| religion = ]
			}}
			'''Magas of Cyrene''' ({{langx\|grc\|Μάγας ὁ Κυρηναῖος}}; born before 317 BC – 250 BC, ruled 276 BC – 250 BC) was a ] King of ]. Through his mother’s second marriage to ] he became a member of the ]. He managed to wrest independence for ] (in modern ]) from the Greek ] of ], and became King of Cyrenaica from 276 BC to 250 BC.

			==Family background and early life==
	Magas was the son of ] and Philip, a Macedonian noble man, before Berenice remarried with the powerful ], founder of the Greek ] in Egypt. Magas was a half-brother to their son, ], the second ] ruler of ].
			Magas was the first-born son of the Macedonian noblewoman ] and her first husband, ], who had served as a military officer in the campaigns of ].<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005211349/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/berenice_i_fr.htm \|date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> He had two younger sisters: ] and ].<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005211349/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/berenice_i_fr.htm \|date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> His father, Philip, was the son of Amyntas by a mother whose name is unknown.<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605084010/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/2603.html \|date=2011-06-05 }}</ref> ] (Pyrrhus 4.4) implies that his father was previously married and had children, including daughters born to him.<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005211349/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/berenice_i_fr.htm \|date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> Phillip served as a military officer in the service of the Macedonian king ] and was known for commanding one division of the ] in Alexander’s wars.<ref></ref>

			] (right), and stepfather, ]]]
	Magas received the governorship of Cyrene from his mother Berenice. Following the death of ] however, Magas tried on several occasions to wrestle independence for Cyrene, until he crowned himself king around ].
			Magas's mother, Berenice, was from ].<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005211349/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/berenice_i_fr.htm \|date=2011-10-05 }}</ref> She was the daughter of local obscure nobleman ] and noblewoman ].<ref name="Heckel">Heckel, ''Who’s who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander’s empire'', p.71</ref> Berenice’s mother was the niece of the powerful regent ]<ref name="Heckel" /> and was a distant collateral relative to the ].<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716100716/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/Egypt/ptolemies/affilates/aff_ptolemies.htm \|date=2011-07-16 }}</ref> He was the namesake of his maternal grandfather.

			About 318 BC, Magas's father, Philip, died of natural causes. After her husband's death, Berenice took her children to the ], where they were a part of the entourage of Berenice's cousin ]. Eurydice was then the wife of ], the first Greek ] and founder of the ].
	Magas then married Apama, the daughter of the ] king ], and used his marital alliance to foment a pact to invade Egypt. He opened hostilities against his half brother ] in ], attacking Egypt from the west, as ] was attacking ]. However Magas had to cancel his operations due to an internal revolt of the Libyan nomad Marmaridae. In the east, ] suffered defeat against the armies of Ptolemy Philadelphos.

			By 317 BC, Ptolemy I fell in love with Berenice and repudiated Eurydice to marry her. Through her marriage to Ptolemy, Berenice became an Egyptian queen and the queen mother of the Ptolemaic dynasty.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.livius.org/be-bm/berenice/berenice_i.html \|title=Berenice I article at Livius.org \|access-date=2020-03-26 \|archive-date=2016-03-17 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317111031/http://www.livius.org/be-bm/berenice/berenice_i.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Magas was thus a stepson to Ptolemy I; he became an Egyptian prince living in his stepfather's court and was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. His mother bore Ptolemy I three children: Queen ], Princess ], and King ].<ref> {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005211349/http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/berenice_i_fr.htm \|date=2011-10-05 }}</ref>
	Magas at least managed to maintain the independence of Cyrene until his death in ], upon which the kingdom was almost immediately reabsorbed by Ptolemaic Egypt.

			==Governorship and kingship of Cyrenaica==
	===See also===
			] and small crab symbols.]]
	]
			Around five years after the death of the Cyrenese ruler ], Magas, then about 20 years old, received the governorship of Cyrenaica from the ruling Ptolemies in Egypt: his mother Queen Berenice I and his stepfather Ptolemy I.<ref name="Clayman30"/>

			As a posthumous honor to his biological father, Magas, when he served as a priest of the Greek God ], had dedicated an honorific inscription proudly naming him as ‘the eponymous priest’ and ‘Magas son of Philip’.<ref></ref>
	]
	]

			Following the death of his stepfather Ptolemy I in 283 BC, Magas tried on several occasions to wrest independence for Cyrenaica from his stepfather's successor, his maternal half-brother Ptolemy Philadelphus, until he crowned himself King around 276 BC.<ref name="Clayman30"/> It was the first time Cyrene had a king since ] around 440 BC.<ref name="Clayman30"/>
	]

	]
			]
			Magas then married ], his third maternal cousin and one of the daughters of ] ] and ]. Antiochus I used his marital alliance to foment a pact to invade Egypt. Apama II and Magas had a daughter called ], who was their only child.

			Magas opened hostilities against Ptolemy II in 274 BC, attacking Egypt from the west, as Antiochus I was attacking ].<ref name="Clayman30"/> However, Magas had to cancel his operations due to an internal revolt of the Libyan nomad Marmaridae.<ref name="Clayman30"/> In the east, Antiochus I suffered defeat against the armies of Ptolemy II. Magas at least managed to maintain the independence of Cyrenaica until his death in 250 BC. Magas betrothed his daughter Berenice II to ], the son of Ptolemy II, as a way to seal an alliance between the two realms and secure the independence of Cyrene.<ref name="Clayman"></ref>

			After the death of Magas, Apama II broke the marital alliance between her daughter Berenice II and Ptolemy III and proposed her daughter and the throne to ], son of the ] king ], who became the new king of Cyrene.<ref name="Clayman36"></ref> This gave the Antigonids strategic control of the western side of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.<ref name="Clayman36"/> After Demetrius was assassinated by Berenice for cheating
			with her mother Apama, Berenice returned to Egypt to finally marry her original ], Ptolemy III Euergetes.<ref name="Clayman36"/>

			Magas is known to have favored the arts and sciences in Cyrene, and was close to the philosophical school of the ].<ref name="Clayman"/> The philosophy of the Cyrenaics under Magas evolved in a way that has similarities with ], ] and also ].<ref name="Clayman33"></ref>

			==Relations with India==
			] coin struck under ] as Ptolemaic governor. Circa 322-313 BC. Æ 19mm (8.14 gm). Horse running right; star above / NIKWNOS, six-spoked wheel.]]
			Magas was known by name to the contemporary ] Emperor ], and he may have received Buddhist emissaries from India: indeed Magas is mentioned in the ], as one of the recipients of Ashoka's ] ].<ref name="Clayman"/><ref>"The conquest by ] has been won here, on the borders, and even six hundred ]s (5,400-9,600 km) away, where the Greek king ] rules, beyond there where the four kings named ], ], Magas and ] rule, likewise in the south among the ], the ], and as far as ] (])." (], 13th Rock Edict, S. Dhammika).</ref> Ashoka also claims that he encouraged the development of ], for men and animals, in the territories of the Hellenistic Kings.<ref>"Everywhere within Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi's domain, and among the people beyond the borders, the Cholas, the Pandyas, the Satiyaputras, the Keralaputras, as far as ] and where the Greek king ] rules, and among the kings who are neighbors of Antiochos, everywhere has Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, made provision for two types of medical treatment: medical treatment for humans and medical treatment for animals. Wherever medical herbs suitable for humans or animals are not available, I have had them imported and grown. Wherever medical roots or fruits are not available I have had them imported and grown. Along roads I have had wells dug and trees planted for the benefit of humans and animals." ], 2nd Rock Edict</ref>
			] at the time of king ] (260–218 BC), according to the ].]]
			{{quote\|Now it is conquest by Dhamma that Beloved-of-the-Gods considers to be the best conquest. And it (conquest by Dhamma) has been won here, on the borders, even six hundred yojanas away, where the Greek king ] rules, beyond there where the four kings named ], ], '''Magas''' and ] rule, likewise in the south among the Cholas, the Pandyas, and as far as Tamraparni. Here in the king's domain among the Greeks, the Kambojas, the Nabhakas, the Nabhapamktis, the Bhojas, the Pitinikas, the Andhras and the Palidas, everywhere people are following Beloved-of-the-Gods' instructions in Dhamma. Even where Beloved-of-the-Gods' envoys have not been, these people too, having heard of the practice of Dhamma and the ordinances and instructions in Dhamma given by Beloved-of-the-Gods, are following it and will continue to do so. \| ], ] (S. Dhammika)<ref>. Access to Insight: Readings in Theravāda Buddhism. Last accessed 1 September 2011.</ref>}}

			There are no records of such emissaries in Western sources. However, the philosopher ], from the city of ] where Magas ruled in ], is sometimes thought to have been influenced by the teachings of Ashoka's Buddhist missionaries, given the similarity of some of his teachings with Buddhism.<ref name="Clayman33"/><ref>"The philosopher Hegesias of Cyrene (nicknamed ''Peisithanatos'', "The advocate of death") was contemporary of Magas and was probably influenced by the teachings of the Buddhist missionaries to Cyrene and ]. His influence was such that he was ultimately prohibited to teach."Jean-Marie Lafont, ] in "Les Dossiers d'Archéologie", No254, p.78</ref><ref></ref>

			Still, Magas probably was quite knowledgeable about India. His father, Philip, had been a ] officer in the campaigns of ]. Later, Magas, having been raised in part at the Ptolemaic court, must also have received first-hand accounts of India from his stepfather Ptolemy I, a former general in Alexander's campaigns. The predecessor of Magas in Cyrene, the Ptolemaic governor named ], had also been one of the Alexander's officers in ], in charge of one of his ] during the expedition down the ]. Magas was probably quite acquainted with matters pertaining to India through his contacts with such veterans of the Indian campaigns.

			==See also==
			*]

			==References==
			{{reflist\|30em}}

			==Sources==
			* W. Heckel, ''Who’s who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander’s empire'', Wiley-Blackwell, 2006

			==External links==
			*
			*

			{{s-start}}
			{{s-hou\|\|\|\|\|250 BC}}
			{{s-reg}}
			\|-
			{{s-vac\|last=]\|recreated}}
			{{s-ttl\|title=]\|years=276 BC – 250 BC}}
			{{s-aft\|after=]}}
			{{s-end}}

			{{Hellenistic rulers}}

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Magas Of Cyrene}}
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]

Latest revision as of 16:34, 28 November 2024

Greek king of Cyrenaica from 276 BC to 250 BC

Magas of Cyrene
Basileus
Magas as king of Cyrene, circa 282/75 to 261 BC. Rev: Palm tree and small silphium and crab symbols.
King of Cyrenaica
Reign	276–250 BC
Predecessor	Ophellas (local ruler) Ptolemy II Philadelphus (as Pharaoh of Egypt)
Successor	Berenice II (as Queen) and Demetrius the Fair (as King)
Co-regent	Berenice II (from 258 BC)

Born	c. 320 BC Macedon
Died	250 BC Cyrene
Spouse	Apama II
Issue	Berenice II
House Dynasty	Kings of Cyrene Ptolemaic dynasty
Father	Philip
Mother	Berenice
Religion	Greek polytheism

Magas of Cyrene (Ancient Greek: Μάγας ὁ Κυρηναῖος; born before 317 BC – 250 BC, ruled 276 BC – 250 BC) was a Greek King of Cyrenaica. Through his mother’s second marriage to Ptolemy I he became a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He managed to wrest independence for Cyrenaica (in modern Libya) from the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt, and became King of Cyrenaica from 276 BC to 250 BC.

Family background and early life

Magas was the first-born son of the Macedonian noblewoman Berenice and her first husband, Philip, who had served as a military officer in the campaigns of Alexander the Great. He had two younger sisters: Antigone of Epirus and Theoxena of Syracuse. His father, Philip, was the son of Amyntas by a mother whose name is unknown. Plutarch (Pyrrhus 4.4) implies that his father was previously married and had children, including daughters born to him. Phillip served as a military officer in the service of the Macedonian king Alexander the Great and was known for commanding one division of the phalanx in Alexander’s wars.

Magas's mother, Berenice, was from Eordeaea. She was the daughter of local obscure nobleman Magas and noblewoman Antigone. Berenice’s mother was the niece of the powerful regent Antipater and was a distant collateral relative to the Argead dynasty. He was the namesake of his maternal grandfather.

About 318 BC, Magas's father, Philip, died of natural causes. After her husband's death, Berenice took her children to the Ptolemaic Kingdom, where they were a part of the entourage of Berenice's cousin Eurydice. Eurydice was then the wife of Ptolemy I, the first Greek pharaoh and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

By 317 BC, Ptolemy I fell in love with Berenice and repudiated Eurydice to marry her. Through her marriage to Ptolemy, Berenice became an Egyptian queen and the queen mother of the Ptolemaic dynasty. Magas was thus a stepson to Ptolemy I; he became an Egyptian prince living in his stepfather's court and was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. His mother bore Ptolemy I three children: Queen Arsinoe II, Princess Philotera, and King Ptolemy II.

Governorship and kingship of Cyrenaica

Around five years after the death of the Cyrenese ruler Ophellas, Magas, then about 20 years old, received the governorship of Cyrenaica from the ruling Ptolemies in Egypt: his mother Queen Berenice I and his stepfather Ptolemy I.

As a posthumous honor to his biological father, Magas, when he served as a priest of the Greek God Apollo, had dedicated an honorific inscription proudly naming him as ‘the eponymous priest’ and ‘Magas son of Philip’.

Following the death of his stepfather Ptolemy I in 283 BC, Magas tried on several occasions to wrest independence for Cyrenaica from his stepfather's successor, his maternal half-brother Ptolemy Philadelphus, until he crowned himself King around 276 BC. It was the first time Cyrene had a king since Arcesilaus IV around 440 BC.

Berenice II was the daughter of Magas of Cyrene.

Magas then married Apama II, his third maternal cousin and one of the daughters of Seleucid King Antiochus I Soter and Stratonice of Syria. Antiochus I used his marital alliance to foment a pact to invade Egypt. Apama II and Magas had a daughter called Berenice II, who was their only child.

Magas opened hostilities against Ptolemy II in 274 BC, attacking Egypt from the west, as Antiochus I was attacking Palestine. However, Magas had to cancel his operations due to an internal revolt of the Libyan nomad Marmaridae. In the east, Antiochus I suffered defeat against the armies of Ptolemy II. Magas at least managed to maintain the independence of Cyrenaica until his death in 250 BC. Magas betrothed his daughter Berenice II to Ptolemy III Euergetes, the son of Ptolemy II, as a way to seal an alliance between the two realms and secure the independence of Cyrene.

After the death of Magas, Apama II broke the marital alliance between her daughter Berenice II and Ptolemy III and proposed her daughter and the throne to Demetrius the Fair, son of the Antigonid king Demetrius I Poliorcetes, who became the new king of Cyrene. This gave the Antigonids strategic control of the western side of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. After Demetrius was assassinated by Berenice for cheating with her mother Apama, Berenice returned to Egypt to finally marry her original fiancé, Ptolemy III Euergetes.

Magas is known to have favored the arts and sciences in Cyrene, and was close to the philosophical school of the Cyrenaics. The philosophy of the Cyrenaics under Magas evolved in a way that has similarities with Skepticism, Epicurianism and also Buddhism.

Relations with India

Magas was known by name to the contemporary Indian Emperor Ashoka, and he may have received Buddhist emissaries from India: indeed Magas is mentioned in the Edicts of Ashoka, as one of the recipients of Ashoka's Buddhist proselytism. Ashoka also claims that he encouraged the development of herbalism, for men and animals, in the territories of the Hellenistic Kings.

Now it is conquest by Dhamma that Beloved-of-the-Gods considers to be the best conquest. And it (conquest by Dhamma) has been won here, on the borders, even six hundred yojanas away, where the Greek king Antiochos rules, beyond there where the four kings named Ptolemy, Antigonos, Magas and Alexander rule, likewise in the south among the Cholas, the Pandyas, and as far as Tamraparni. Here in the king's domain among the Greeks, the Kambojas, the Nabhakas, the Nabhapamktis, the Bhojas, the Pitinikas, the Andhras and the Palidas, everywhere people are following Beloved-of-the-Gods' instructions in Dhamma. Even where Beloved-of-the-Gods' envoys have not been, these people too, having heard of the practice of Dhamma and the ordinances and instructions in Dhamma given by Beloved-of-the-Gods, are following it and will continue to do so.
— Edicts of Ashoka, Rock Edict (S. Dhammika)

There are no records of such emissaries in Western sources. However, the philosopher Hegesias of Cyrene, from the city of Cyrene where Magas ruled in Cyrenaica, is sometimes thought to have been influenced by the teachings of Ashoka's Buddhist missionaries, given the similarity of some of his teachings with Buddhism.

Still, Magas probably was quite knowledgeable about India. His father, Philip, had been a phalanx officer in the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Later, Magas, having been raised in part at the Ptolemaic court, must also have received first-hand accounts of India from his stepfather Ptolemy I, a former general in Alexander's campaigns. The predecessor of Magas in Cyrene, the Ptolemaic governor named Ophellas, had also been one of the Alexander's officers in India, in charge of one of his triremes during the expedition down the Indus River. Magas was probably quite acquainted with matters pertaining to India through his contacts with such veterans of the Indian campaigns.

References

Howard, Michael C. (2014-01-10). Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel. McFarland. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-7864-9033-2. Magas of Cyrene (Libya, r. 276–250 B.C.),
Branko van Oppen de Ruiter (2016-02-03). Berenice II Euergetis: Essays in Early Hellenistic Queenship. Springer. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-137-49462-7. Remarkably, Berenice was hailed basilissa on coins even in her father's lifetime,
^ Berenice II and the Golden Age of Ptolemaic Egypt, Dee L. Clayman, Oxford University Press, 2014, p.30 sq.
Ptolemaic Genealogy: Berenice I Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
Ptolemaic Genealogy: Berenice I Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
Ancient Library article: Philippus no. 5 Archived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine
Ptolemaic Genealogy: Berenice I, Footnote 6 Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
Ancient Library article: Magas no.1
Ptolemaic Genealogy: Berenice I Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
^ Heckel, Who’s who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander’s empire, p.71
Ptolemaic Dynasty - Affiliated Lines: The Antipatrids Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
"Berenice I article at Livius.org". Archived from the original on 2016-03-17. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
Ptolemaic Genealogy: Berenice I Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine
Ptolemaic Genealogy: Magas of Cyrene, Footnote 2
^ Berenice II and the Golden Age of Ptolemaic Egypt, Dee L. Clayman, Oxford University Press, 2014, p.32 sq.
^ Berenice II and the Golden Age of Ptolemaic Egypt, Dee L. Clayman, Oxford University Press, 2014, p.36 sq.
^ Berenice II and the Golden Age of Ptolemaic Egypt, Dee L. Clayman, Oxford University Press, 2014, p.33
"The conquest by Dharma has been won here, on the borders, and even six hundred yojanas (5,400-9,600 km) away, where the Greek king Antiochos rules, beyond there where the four kings named Ptolemy, Antigonos, Magas and Alexander rule, likewise in the south among the Cholas, the Pandyas, and as far as Tamraparni (Sri Lanka)." (Edicts of Ashoka, 13th Rock Edict, S. Dhammika).
"Everywhere within Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi's domain, and among the people beyond the borders, the Cholas, the Pandyas, the Satiyaputras, the Keralaputras, as far as Tamraparni and where the Greek king Antiochos rules, and among the kings who are neighbors of Antiochos, everywhere has Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, made provision for two types of medical treatment: medical treatment for humans and medical treatment for animals. Wherever medical herbs suitable for humans or animals are not available, I have had them imported and grown. Wherever medical roots or fruits are not available I have had them imported and grown. Along roads I have had wells dug and trees planted for the benefit of humans and animals." Edicts of Ashoka, 2nd Rock Edict
The Edicts of King Ashoka: an English rendering by Ven. S. Dhammika. Access to Insight: Readings in Theravāda Buddhism. Last accessed 1 September 2011.
"The philosopher Hegesias of Cyrene (nicknamed Peisithanatos, "The advocate of death") was contemporary of Magas and was probably influenced by the teachings of the Buddhist missionaries to Cyrene and Alexandria. His influence was such that he was ultimately prohibited to teach."Jean-Marie Lafont, INALCO in "Les Dossiers d'Archéologie", No254, p.78
Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Philosophy, Anthony Preus, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015, p.184

Sources

W. Heckel, Who’s who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander’s empire, Wiley-Blackwell, 2006

External links

Regnal titles
Magas of Cyrene Died: 250 BC
RecreatedTitle last held byArcesilaus IV	King of Cyrene 276 BC – 250 BC	Succeeded byDemetrius

v t e Hellenistic rulers
Argeads	Philip II Alexander III the Great Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV
Antipatrids	Cassander Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antipater Etesias Sosthenes
Antigonids	Antigonus I Monophthalmus Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonus II Gonatas Demetrius II Aetolicus Antigonus III Doson Philip V Perseus Philip VI (pretender)
Ptolemies	Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion
Monarchs of Cyrene	Magas Berenice II Demetrius the Fair Ptolemy VIII Physcon Ptolemy Apion Cleopatra Selene II
Seleucids	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III the Great Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes Alexander II Zabinas Cleopatra Thea Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Cleopatra Selene I Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus
Lysimachids	Lysimachus Ptolemy Epigonos
Attalids	Philetaerus Eumenes I Attalus I Eumenes II Attalus II Attalus III Eumenes III
Greco-Bactrians	Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus I Demetrius I Euthydemus II Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Demetrius II Eucratides I Plato Eucratides II Heliocles I
Indo-Greeks	Demetrius I Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotus I Demetrius II Antimachus II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Strato I Antialcidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Demetrius III Philoxenus Diomedes Amyntas Epander Theophilos Peukolaos Thraso Nicias Menander II Artemidoros Hermaeus Archebius Telephos Apollodotus II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Strato II Strato III
Monarchs of Bithynia	Boteiras Bas Zipoetes I Nicomedes I Zipoetes II Etazeta (regent) Ziaelas Prusias I Prusias II Nicomedes II Nicomedes III Nicomedes IV Socrates Chrestus
Monarchs of Pontus	Mithridates I Ctistes Ariobarzanes Mithridates II Mithridates III Pharnaces I Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos with Laodice Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates VI Eupator Pharnaces II Darius Arsaces Polemon I Pythodorida Polemon II
Monarchs of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV
Monarchs of Cappadocia	Ariarathes I Ariarathes II Ariamnes II Ariarathes III Ariarathes IV Ariarathes V Orophernes Ariarathes VI Ariarathes VII Ariarathes VIII Ariarathes IX Ariobarzanes I Ariobarzanes II Ariobarzanes III Ariarathes X Archelaus
Monarchs of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Paerisades I Satyros II Prytanis Eumelos Spartokos III Hygiainon (regent) Paerisades II Spartokos IV Leukon II Spartokos V [ru] Kamasarye Paerisades III Paerisades IV Paerisades V Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius's attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon Aspurgus Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I
Monarchs of Epirus	Admetus Tharrhypas Alcetas I Neoptolemus I Arybbas Alexander I Aeacides Neoptolemus II Alcetas II Pyrrhus I Alexander II Olympias II (regent) Pyrrhus II Ptolemy Pyrrhus III Deidamia
Hellenistic rulers were preceded by Hellenistic satraps in most of their territories.

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