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{{For|the village in Armenia|Akhuryan}} {{For|the village in Armenia|Akhuryan}}
{{Infobox river
{{Infobox river| river_name = Akhurian<br>Ախուրյան<br>Arpaçay<br>Ахурян
| name = Akhuryan
| image_name = 246886809 343c5a6348 b.jpg
| native_name = {{native name list|tag1=hy|name1=Ախուրյան|tag2=tr|name2=Arpaçay}}
⚫ | caption = The Akhurian River seen from the ancient Armenian capital of ] in ].
| image = Akhurian River Gorge.jpg
⚫ | origin = ], ], ]
⚫ | image_caption = The Akhuryan seen from the ancient Armenian capital of ] in ].
⚫ | mouth = Near ]
| map = Rivers of Armenia.jpg
⚫ | basin_countries = ] and ]
⚫ | map_caption = Akhuryan river and its basin (blue) within Armenia
| length = 186 km (116 mi)
| pushpin_map = Armenia#Turkey
| elevation = 2,023 m (6,637 ft)
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of mouth
| mouth_elevation =
| source1 = ]
| discharge =
⚫ | source1_location = ], ]
| watershed =
| source1_coordinates = {{coord|41.068|43.654|display=i}}
| mouth = ]
⚫ | mouth_location = Near ]
⚫ | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|40.1315|N|43.6484|E|source:kolossus-frwiki|display=it}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
⚫ | subdivision_name1 = ] and ]
| length = {{convert|186|km|abbr=on}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|2,023|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|953|m|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg =
| basin_size = {{convert|9670|km2|abbr=on}}
| progression = {{RAras}}
}} }}
The '''Akhuryan''' ({{langx|hy|]|Akhuryan}}){{Efn|{{langx|xcl|]}} ''Axurean''; {{langx|ru|Арпачай or Ахурян}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary |title-link=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary |year=1890 |volume=II |pages=160 |language=ru |script-chapter=ru:Арпачай |chapter=Arpachaĭ|chapter-url=https://ru.wikisource.org/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9}}</ref>}} or '''Arpachay''' ({{langx|tr|Arpaçay}})<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.ebooks.az/download/hJTyWQZD.pdf|title=National Encyclopedia of Azerbaijan|last=Karimov|first=Mahmud|publisher=Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences|year=2007|isbn=978-9952-441-01-7|location=Baku}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/editordosya/Kars_icdr2012.pdf|title=2012 Yılı Kars İli ÇED Raporu|year=2012|chapter=Arpaçay Nehri|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108000616/http://www.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/editordosya/Kars_icdr2012.pdf|archive-date=January 8, 2015|access-date=May 5, 2019|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> is a river in the ]. It originates in ] and flows from ], along the closed ] with ], forming part of the geographic border between the two states, until it flows into the ] as a ] near ]. The Akhuryan is {{convert|186|km|abbr=on}} long, and has a {{convert|9670|km2|abbr=on}} ].<ref>, ]</ref>


], the second largest city of Armenia, is located on the east bank of the river.
⚫ ]

The '''Akhurian''', '''Akhuriyan''', '''Akhuryan''' or '''Akhouryan''' ({{lang-hy|Ախուրյան}}; {{lang-tr|Arpaçay}}; {{lang-ru|Арпачай or Ахурян}}<ref>. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopædic Dictionary.</ref><ref>Other names by which the river is known are: '''Arpa Çayı''', '''Akhoran''', '''Akhoren''', '''Akhura''', '''Akhuran''', '''Akhurats’ Get''', '''Akhuren''', '''Ahur''', '''Ahura''', '''Ahuran''', '''Ano Jur''', '''Anu Jur''', '''Arrp’ach’ay''', '''Arevntyan Arrp’ach’ay''', '''Nerk’in Arevnytyan Arp’ach’ay''', '''Gareget''', '''Garu Get''', '''Metsamor''', '''Zapadnyy Arpa-Chay''', '''Western Arpa-Chay''', '''Arapçayı''', '''Arpa-Chay''' and '''Arpa-Chai River'''</ref>) is a river in the ]. It originates in ] and flows from Lake Tseli south, along the border with ], forming part of the geographic border between the two states, until it flows into the ] as a ] near ]. The Akhurian drains an area of about 9,500&nbsp;km² (3,700&nbsp;mi²); and has total length of 186&nbsp;km (116&nbsp;mi).

], the second largest city of Armenia, is located on the east bank of the river, which also flows past four of the twelve historical capitals of Armenia: ], ], ] and ].


== History == == History ==
]
When the ] army arrived in the province of ] in 1041, local ] nobles (]s) assembled together against them under the command of the ] general ]. Vahram then selected a body of 30,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry, forming three divisions, which fought against the Byzantines.<ref name=battles>History of Armenia by Father Michael Chamich from B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, or 1229 of the Armenian era – Page 124 by Mik'ayel Ch'amch'yants'</ref> A battle ensued in which the invaders were routed with great slaughter. The fight was so ferocious that the effusion of blood flowing into the Akhurian River is said to have coloured its waters completely red.<ref name=battles>History of Armenia by Father Michael Chamich from B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, or 1229... – Page 124 by Mik'ayel Ch'amch'yants'</ref><ref>History of Armenia: From B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, Or 1229 of the Armenian Era – Page 124 by Michael Chamich, John Audall, Mikʻayel Chʻamchʻyantsʻ, Hovhannēs Avdaleantsʻ – 1827</ref> When the ] army arrived in the province of ] in 1041, local ] nobles (]s) assembled together against them under the command of the ] general ]. Vahram then selected a body of 30,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry, forming three divisions, which fought against the Byzantines.<ref name="battles">History of Armenia by Father Michael Chamich from B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, or 1229 of the Armenian era – Page 124 by Mik'ayel Ch'amch'yants'</ref> A battle ensued in which the invaders were routed. The fighting was so ferocious that the effusion of blood flowing into the Akhurian River is said to have coloured its waters completely red.<ref name="history">History of Armenia by Father Michael Chamich from B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, or 1229... – Page 124 by Mik'ayel Ch'amch'yants'</ref><ref>History of Armenia: From B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, Or 1229 of the Armenian Era – Page 124 by Michael Chamich, John Audall, Mikʻayel Chʻamchʻyantsʻ, Hovhannēs Avdaleantsʻ – 1827</ref> The Byzantines left 21,000 dead behind. This victory allowed Vahram along with ] ] to crown ] king of Armenia and subsequently take the fortress of Ani, which had been in the hands of Vest Sarkis.
The Byzantines left 20,000 dead behind. This victory allowed Vahram Pahlavuni along with ] Petros Guedadarts to crown ] king of Armenia and subsequently take the fortress of Ani, which had been in the hands of Vest Sarkis.


== Bridges over the Akhurian River == == Bridges ==
Several medieval bridges once existed over the Akhurian River. The bridge at ] may date back to the ].<ref>A system of geography, popular and scientific: or A physical, political, and statistical account... – Page 143 by James Bell – 1832</ref> More likely it dates to the thirteenth century. An inscription found nearby said that building work was done on the approach to the bridge in the early fourteenth century.<ref name=new></ref> Several medieval bridges once existed over the Akhuryan. The bridge at ] may date back to the ].<ref>A system of geography, popular and scientific: or A physical, political, and statistical account... – Page 143 by James Bell – 1832</ref> More likely it dates to the thirteenth century. An inscription found nearby said that building work on the approach to the bridge was done in the early fourteenth century.<ref name="new"></ref>


The bridge's single arch has fallen, leaving only tall abutments that were perhaps part of a fortified gate.<ref name="new"/> Nineteenth century travelers reported a guardhouse next to the bridge, but this has since disappeared.<ref name="new"/> The bridge's single arch has fallen, leaving only tall abutments that were perhaps part of a fortified gate.<ref name="new"/> Nineteenth-century travelers reported a guardhouse next to the bridge, but this has since disappeared.<ref name="new"/>

<center>
<gallery caption= widths="190px" heights="160px">
File:Река Ахурян Akhurian.jpg|
File:Река в Армении Ахурян Akhurian.jpg|
File:Akhurian.JPG
</gallery>
</center>


== Notes == == Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
<!--<nowiki>
See http://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags.
</nowiki>-->
⚫ {{Reflist|2}}


==See also== == References ==
⚫ {{Reflist|30em}}

== See also ==
{{Commonscat}}
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]

⚫ {{coord|40.1315|N|43.6484|E|source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}


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Latest revision as of 16:14, 22 December 2024

For the village in Armenia, see Akhuryan. River in Armenia and Turkey
Akhuryan
The Akhuryan seen from the ancient Armenian capital of Ani in Turkey.
Akhuryan river and its basin (blue) within Armenia
Akhuryan (river) is located in ArmeniaAkhuryan (river)Location of mouthShow map of ArmeniaAkhuryan (river) is located in TurkeyAkhuryan (river)Akhuryan (river) (Turkey)Show map of Turkey
Native name
Location
CountryArmenia and Turkey
Physical characteristics
SourceLake Arpi
 • locationShirak, Armenia
 • coordinates41°04′05″N 43°39′14″E / 41.068°N 43.654°E / 41.068; 43.654
 • elevation2,023 m (6,637 ft)
MouthAras
 • locationNear Bagaran, Armenia
 • coordinates40°07′53″N 43°38′54″E / 40.1315°N 43.6484°E / 40.1315; 43.6484
 • elevation953 m (3,127 ft)
Length186 km (116 mi)
Basin size9,670 km (3,730 sq mi)
Basin features
ProgressionAras→ Kura→ Caspian Sea

The Akhuryan (Armenian: Ախուրյան, romanized: Akhuryan) or Arpachay (Turkish: Arpaçay) is a river in the South Caucasus. It originates in Armenia and flows from Lake Arpi, along the closed border with Turkey, forming part of the geographic border between the two states, until it flows into the Aras as a left tributary near Bagaran. The Akhuryan is 186 km (116 mi) long, and has a 9,670 km (3,730 sq mi) drainage basin.

Gyumri, the second largest city of Armenia, is located on the east bank of the river.

History

Akhurian river from Marmashen monastery and Marmashen hydroelectric power station

When the Byzantine army arrived in the province of Shirak in 1041, local Armenian nobles (nakharars) assembled together against them under the command of the Pahlavuni general Vahram Pahlavouni. Vahram then selected a body of 30,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry, forming three divisions, which fought against the Byzantines. A battle ensued in which the invaders were routed. The fighting was so ferocious that the effusion of blood flowing into the Akhurian River is said to have coloured its waters completely red. The Byzantines left 21,000 dead behind. This victory allowed Vahram along with Catholicos Petros Getadardz to crown Gagik II king of Armenia and subsequently take the fortress of Ani, which had been in the hands of Vest Sarkis.

Bridges

Several medieval bridges once existed over the Akhuryan. The bridge at Ani may date back to the Bagratuni dynasty. More likely it dates to the thirteenth century. An inscription found nearby said that building work on the approach to the bridge was done in the early fourteenth century.

The bridge's single arch has fallen, leaving only tall abutments that were perhaps part of a fortified gate. Nineteenth-century travelers reported a guardhouse next to the bridge, but this has since disappeared.

Notes

  1. Old Armenian: Ախուրեան Axurean; Russian: Арпачай or Ахурян

References

  1. "Arpachaĭ" Арпачай. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). Vol. II. 1890. p. 160.
  2. Karimov, Mahmud (2007). National Encyclopedia of Azerbaijan (PDF). Baku: Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. ISBN 978-9952-441-01-7.
  3. "Arpaçay Nehri". 2012 Yılı Kars İli ÇED Raporu (PDF). 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 8, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  4. Ахурян, Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  5. History of Armenia by Father Michael Chamich from B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, or 1229 of the Armenian era – Page 124 by Mik'ayel Ch'amch'yants'
  6. History of Armenia by Father Michael Chamich from B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, or 1229... – Page 124 by Mik'ayel Ch'amch'yants'
  7. History of Armenia: From B.C. 2247 to the Year of Christ 1780, Or 1229 of the Armenian Era – Page 124 by Michael Chamich, John Audall, Mikʻayel Chʻamchʻyantsʻ, Hovhannēs Avdaleantsʻ – 1827
  8. A system of geography, popular and scientific: or A physical, political, and statistical account... – Page 143 by James Bell – 1832
  9. ^ VirtualAni: The Bridge Over the Akhurian River

See also

Categories: