Misplaced Pages

Latest revision as of 05:06, 3 January 2025

This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (February 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Ace of aces is a title accorded to the top active ace within a branch of service in a nation's military in time of war. The title is most closely associated with fighter aces, though there are other types, such as tank aces and submarine aces.

Flying aces

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2009)

Ace of aces is a title accorded to the top flying ace of a nation's air force during time of war.

World War I

The concept of aces emerged in 1915 during World War I.

Person	Country	WWI years active	Overall years active	Aerial victories	Plane flown	Notes
Adolphe Pégoud	French Third Republic	5 February 1915 – 31 August 1915	1907–1915	6	Maurice Farman and Morane-Saulnier	The first flying ace in history.
Jean Navarre	French Third Republic	September 1914 – 17 June 1916	1914–1919	12	Nieuport 11, Nieuport 16 and Morane-Saulnier L	Wounded in action on 17 June 1916.
Georges Guynemer	French Third Republic	8 June 1915 – 11 September 1917	1914–1917	54	Morane-Saulnier L, Spad VII, SPAD XII and SPAD XIII
Charles Nungesser	French Third Republic	July 1915 – 14 August 1918	1914–1918	43	Voisin 3, Nieuport 17, Nieuport 25 and SPAD XIII
René Fonck	French Third Republic	May 1915 – 1 november 1918	1914–1918 1937–1940	75	Caudron G III, SPAD VII, SPAD XII and SPAD XIII	All-time Allied ace of aces, with 75 confirmed aerial victories.
Oswald Boelcke	German Empire	15 August 1914 – 28 October 1916	1911–1916		Fokker E.I, Fokker E.III, Fokker E.IV, Fokker D.III, Albatros D.I and Albatros D.II
Max Immelmann	German Empire	February 1915 – 18 June 1916	1911–1916		Fokker E.I and Fokker E.IV
Werner Voss	German Empire	27 January 1915 – 23 September 1917	1914–1917	48	Albatros D.III, Fokker Dr.I, Pfalz D.III, Pfalz Dr.I, Albatros D.V	48 confirmed victories, tied with Josef Jacobs.
Erich Loewenhardt	German Empire	March 1917 – 10 August 1918	1914–1918			54 confirmed victories, third after Manfred von Richthofen and Ernst Udet.
Manfred von Richthofen	German Empire	17 September 1916 – 21 April 1918	1911 - 1918	80		The ace of aces Richthofen, also called "The Red Baron", achieved 80 air combat victories, the highest score in World War I.
Ernst Udet	German Empire	– end of World War I				62 confirmed victories, second after Manfred von Richthofen
Raymond Collishaw	Dominion of Canada	August 1916 – end of World War I				Credited with 60 victories, making him the second highest scoring Canadian ace of the war, behind Billy Bishop.
Frederick Libby	United States ( RAF)	2 December 1916 – 2 December 1917				The first American ace. Fourteen victories.
Billy Bishop	Dominion of Canada	April 1917 – end of World War I				Credited with 72 victories, making him the top Canadian and British Empire ace of the war. In 1917 he became the highest scoring ace in the RFC and the third top ace of the war, behind only the Red Baron and René Fonck.
Raoul Lufbery	United States ( Armée de l'air)	2 December 1917 – 15 May 1918				Succeeded Libby by scoring his 15th and 16th victories.
Paul Frank Baer	United States ( Armée de l'air)	15 May 1918 – 18 May 1918				Succeeded Lufbery on his death. Nine victories.
Frank Leaman Baylies	United States ( Armée de l'air)	18 May 1918 – 12 June 1918				Succeeded Baer on his death.
David E. Putnam	United States ( Armée de l'air)	12 June 1918 – 12 September 1918				Succeeded Bayliss on his capture.
Frank Luke	United States	12 September 1918 – 29 September 1918				Succeeded Bayliss on his death.
Eddie Rickenbacker	United States	29 September 1918 – end of World War I				Succeeded Luke on his death. Was the American ace of aces for overall aerial victories (26).
Indra Lal Roy	British India	1917–1918				India's most successful fighter pilot, with 12 kills (two shared). He remains the only Indian fighter ace to this day.

World War II

World War II had more aces than any other war.

Person	Country	WWII years active	Overall years active	Aerial victories	Plane flown	Notes
Erich Hartmann	Nazi Germany	19 September 1942-8 May 1945	1940–1945 1956–1970	352	Bf 109	Hartmann is the highest scoring ace of all time, with 352 aerial victories, the first pilot to achieve 300 aerial victories (on 24 August 1944) and 350 aerial victories (on 17 April 1945)
Ilmari Juutilainen	Finland	1939–1944	1932–1947	94	Fokker D.XXI, Brewster Buffalo and Bf 109	The top scoring Ilmavoimat (Finnish Air Force), and the top scoring non-German fighter pilot of all time. The top flying ace of the Finnish Air Force with 94 confirmed aerial combat victories
Pat Pattle	United Kingdom	4 August 1940– 20 April 1941	1936–1941	50	Hurricanes and Gladiators	Credited with 51 victories, making him the most successful South African Ace of the Second World War.
Sailor Malan	South Africa	1939–1944	1932–1946	30	Spitfire	Commanded Biggin Hill at the height of the Battle of Britain, shooting down Werner Molders. Credited with over 30 confirmed victories.
George 'Buzz' Beurling	Canada	1940–1944	1940–1944, 1948	31	Spitfire and P-51 Mustangs	Credited with 31 confirmed victories, making him the most successful Canadian ace of the Second World War.
James Edgar 'Johnnie' Johnson	United Kingdom	1941–1945	1939–1966	34	Spitfire	Highest scoring British ace of the war, with 34 confirmed kills.
Richard Bong	United States	19 January 1942–6 August 1945	1941–1945	40	P-38 Lightning and P-80 Shooting Star	Top US flying ace of the war, credited with 40 confirmed downed Japanese aircraft. Awarded the Medal of Honor.
Ivan Kozhedub	Soviet Union	6 July 1943 – 17 April 1945	1940–1985	64	La-5 and La-7	Credited with 64 victories, Kozhedub is the top scoring Allied ace of World War II. One of the few pilots to shoot down a Messerschmitt Me 262.
William R. Dunn	United States ( Eagle Squadron)	16 April 1941 – June 1944	1934–1935 1939–1973	12.5	Spitfire, Hurricanes and P-47 Thunderbolt	First US ace of the war, while flying with the RAF.
Joe Foss	United States	October 1942–1944	1939–1955	26	F4U Corsair and F4F Wildcat	Credited with 26 confirmed downed Japanese aircraft. Awarded the Medal of Honor.
Werner Mölders	Nazi Germany	1 September 1939 – 22 November 1941	1931–1941		Bf 109
Alfred Schreiber	Nazi Germany	-26 November 1944	1933-1944	5	Messerschmitt Me 262	First aerial victory by a jet fighter and first jet ace in aviation history.
Robin Olds	United States	August 1943–1945	1943-1973	13	P-38 Lightning and P-51 Mustang	Triple ace - Olds was the only pilot to "make ace" in both the P-38 (five victories) and the P-51 (eight victories) in the war.

Post-World War II era

Person	Country	Wars	Years active	Aerial victories	Plane flown	Notes
Royal N. Baker	United States	Korean War	1941–1975	13	F-86 Sabre	Was the ace of aces for jet-vs-jet combat. Succeeded Davis on his death.
Joseph C. McConnell	United States	Korean War	1940–1954	15+	F-86 Sabre	Was the ace of aces for jet-vs-jet combat.
Muhammad Mahmood Alam	Pakistan	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965	1953–1982	5	F-86 Sabre	Muhammad Mahmood Alam is credited with having shot down five Indian aircraft in less than a minute, the last four within 30 seconds.
Giora Even Epstein	Israel	Six-Day War	1956–1997	17	Mirage III, Mirage 5, Kfir and F-16	Credited with 17 victories, 16 against Egyptian jets, making Epstein the ace of aces of supersonic fighter jets and of the Israeli Air Force.
Randy H. Cunningham	United States	Vietnam War	1967–1987		F-4 Phantom II	First American ace of the Vietnam War.
Nguyen Van Coc	Democratic Republic of Vietnam	Vietnam War	1961–2002	7-9	MiG-17 and MiG-21	From seven to nine victories on US-crewed aircraft, as well as two drones.
Legesse Tefera	Ethiopia	Ogaden War		7	Northrop F-5	Ethiopia's most successful pilot, and the most successful Northrop F-5 pilot, with six or seven kills.
Shahram Rostami	Iran	Iran–Iraq War	1967–2007	6-7	F-14 Tomcat
Jalil Zandi	Iran	Iran–Iraq War	1970–2001	11	F-14 Tomcat	Iran's most successful fighter pilot ever, with eight confirmed aerial victories. The most successful F-14 Tomcat pilot.
Mohommed "Sky Falcon" Rayyan	Iraq	Iran–Iraq War	1977–1986	5	MiG-21 and MiG-25	Iraq's most successful fighter pilot ever, with five confirmed aerial victories. The most successful MiG-25 pilot.

21st Century era

Person	Country	Wars	Years active	Aerial victories	Plane flown	Notes
Oleksandr "Grey Wolf" Oksanchenko	Soviet Union  Ukraine	Russian invasion of Ukraine	Soviet Union 1989–1991  Ukraine 1991–2018, 2022	10	Sukhoi Su-27	One of the first fighter aces of the 21st century with more than 10 confirmed aerial victories.
Vadym "Karaya" & "Ghost of Vinnytsia" Voroshylov	Ukraine	Russian invasion of Ukraine		10+	Mikoyan MiG-29	On October 10, during a massive missile attack, he shot down two Russian cruise missiles. On October 12, he destroyed five Shahed 136 drones three in southern Ukraine and two over Vinnytsia, making him the first ace in a day in the 21st century and since 1st Lieutenant Oscar Perdomo, USAAF 475th FG, On 13 August 1945 who was the last individual to active the title. he was forced to eject from his MiG-29 aircraft after it was hit by debris from the last Shahed-136 that had shot down. Vadym ejected in Vinnytsia region, having previously diverted the fighter jet from the settlement. He was awarded the Hero of Ukraine award for his actions.
Kanamat Botashev	Russia	Russian invasion of Ukraine Eastern Ukraine campaign	Soviet Union 1981–1991  Russia 2022	5	Sukhoi Su-25	One of the first fighter aces of the 21st century with at least 5 confirmed aerial victories. He was shot down by an FIM-92 Stinger and died in the crash. Some observers speculated that Botashev had been flying as a mercenary pilot for the Wagner Group.
Ilya Andreevich Sizov	Russia	Russo-Ukrainian War Russian invasion of Ukraine	2016 to Present	14+	Sukhoi Su-30SM and Sukhoi Su-57 (since 2023)	Shot down 12 Ukrainian aircraft (3 Su-24s, 3 Su-27s, 2 MiG-29s, 2 Mi-24s, and 2 Mi-14) and destroyed two Buk-M1 anti-aircraft missile systems. According to the Russian Ministry of Defence, he is currently the highest scoring ace of the 21st century.
Lacie Hester	United States	2024 Iran–Israel conflict	? to Present	70	McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle	During the 2024 Iran-Israel conflict, particularly during the 1st phase in April, Captain Lacie Hester and Major Benjamin Coffey were both awarded the Silver star for their role in downing over 70 drones during this attack, making Hester the first United States Air Force woman to receive the Silver Star.

Submarine aces

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2009)

Ace of the Deep is a title accorded to the top subsea ace/undersea ace/submarine ace of a nation's submarine force during time of war.

Persons accorded the title ace of aces

Person	Country	War	Period	Notes
Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière	Imperial Germany	World War I	1915–18	The commander of U-35, Arnauld de la Perière sank a total of 194 merchant vessels and gunboats totaling 453,716 gross metric tons.
Günther Prien	Nazi Germany	World War II	1933-1941	"Der Stier von Scapa Flow" (The Bull of Scapa Flow), was the commander, of the U-boat, U-47. Prien was credited with sinking over 30 Allied ships totalling about 200,000 gross register tons (GRT), along with the British battleship HMS Royal Oak at anchor in the Home Fleet's anchorage, in Scapa Flow. He was the first U-boat commander to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the first member of the Kriegsmarine to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.
Dick O'Kane	United States	World War II	– 25 October 1944	Was captured and made Prisoner of war.
Eugene Fluckey	United States	World War II
Malcolm David Wanklyn	United Kingdom	World War II	– 14 April 1942	Wanklyn was the British Ace of Aces in terms of tonnage.
Benjamin Bryant	United Kingdom	World War II	– end of World War II	Bryant was the British Ace of Aces.
Reinhard Suhren	Nazi Germany	World War II		A U-boat ace.
Gianfranco Gazzana-Priaroggia	Italy	World War II		The highest scoring Italian submarine commander, with 11 ships sunk for a total of 90,601 tons.
Carlo Fecia di Cossato	Italy	World War II		With 16 sinkings, he is credited with the most kills in the Regia Marina, as well as the second most successful Italian submarine commander with 86,545 tons.

Submarine hunters

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (June 2018)

Persons accorded the title ace of aces

Person	Country	War	Period	Notes
John Walker	United Kingdom	World War II		Walker sank more U-boats (12 confirmed) during the Battle of the Atlantic than any other British or Allied commander.

Tank aces

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2021)

A "tank ace" or Panzer ace has been described by Historian Robert Kershaw as being the minority of tank commanders that accounted for the most destroyed enemy armor, saying it is roughly analogous with a flying ace.

Person	Country	War	Period	Tanks destroyed	Tank type crewed	Notes
Kurt Knispel	Nazi Germany	World War II	1940 – 28 April 1945	168	Tiger I and Tiger II	168 confirmed and 195 unconfirmed tank kills. He fought in nearly every type of German tank, working as a loader, gunner, or commander. He is credited with destroying a T-34 tank from 3,000 meters.
Otto Carius	Nazi Germany	World War II	1940 – 7 May 1945	150	Tiger I, various others	Credited with over 150 tank kills and 1 aircraft shot down, mostly in various Tiger tanks.
Johannes Bölter	Nazi Germany	World War II	1940 – 28 April 1945	139	Tiger I	Destroyed 139 enemy tanks, including 16 tanks in one action. Referenced in Wolfgang Schneider's "Tigers in Combat, Volume 1"
Michael Wittmann	Nazi Germany	World War II	1941 – 8 August 1944	138	Tiger I and Sturmgeschütz III	Credited with over 138 tank kills
Walter KNiep	Nazi Germany	World War II	5 July 1943 to 17 January 1944	129	Stug	Awarded the Iron cross, commander of the assault gun battalion of SS-Das Reich
Paul Egger	Nazi Germany	World War II	1941 – 3 May 1945	113	Tiger I	SS obershafuehrer Credited with 113 tank kills
Fritz lang	Nazi Germany	World War II	1941 – ????	111	Stug III	Germany's WW2 top assault gun ace.
Albert Kerscher	Nazi Germany	World War II	???? – 19 April 1945	100	Tiger I	Feldwebel Albert Kerscher, a member of Schwere Panzer Abeteilung 502. Credited with 100 tanks destroyed
Zvika Greengold	Israel	Yom Kippur War	6 October 1973 – 25 October 1973	60	Centurion (more specifically Sho't)	In total 60 tanks were accredited to him. Greengold himself claims 20 Syrian tanks over the space of holding his position for 20 hours. He changed tanks six times.
Dmitry Lavrinenko	USSR	World War II	1941	52	T-34	Dmitry Fyodorovich Lavrinenko was a Soviet tank commander and Hero of the Soviet Union. He was the highest scoring tank ace of the Allies during World War II. Lavrinenko destroyed 52 tanks in just 2.5 months of fierce fighting in 1941.
Alfred Nickolls	United Kingdom	World War II	1940 – 1943	30	M4 Sherman	According to the 22nd November 1942 citation, Corporal Nickolls, in a Sherman tank at El Alemain destroyed 14 tanks, including destroying 9 German tanks in one single engagement. He destroyed 30 tank during the entire North Africa campaign, making him the top tank ace of the United Kingdom and the top tank ace of the western Allies during World War II Awarded the Military Medal by Field Marshall Bernard Montgomery
Zinovy Grigoryevich Kolobanov	USSR	World War II	1941	25	KV-1	Destroyed 22 tanks and 2 artillery pieces before running out of ammunition, while leading a unit of 5 KV-1Es in an ambush near Leningrad on 20 August 1941. His unit destroyed a total of 43 German tanks that day.
Sydney Valpy Radley-Walters	Canada	World War II	October 1942 - end of World War II	18	M4 Sherman	Credited with 18 tank kills and many other armoured vehicles, whilst in command of three Sherman tanks, named 'Caribou'. The tank squadron under his command may have been responsible for the death of German tank ace Michael Wittmann.
Lafayette G. Pool	United States	World War II	27 June 1944 – 15 September 1944	12	M4 Sherman	Widely recognised as the American tank ace of aces, with 12 confirmed tank kills and 258 armoured vehicle kills, whilst in command of a Sherman tank.
Börje Bror Brotell	Finland	World War II	1943 – 1944	11	Sturmgeschütz III	Recognised as the Finnish tank ace of aces, with 11 confirmed and 4 unconfirmed tank kills during World War II. Brotell’s role during The Battle of Tali–Ihantala was decisive and his Sturmgeschütz III destroyed multiple enemy tanks which had achieved a breakthrough.
Arun Khetarpal	India	Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Battle of Basantar	9 December 1971 - 16 December 1971	10	Centurion	Indian tank ace. Personally responsible for destroying 10 tanks before he was killed in action in Battle of Basantar
Edmund Roman Orlik	Poland	Invasion of Poland	1 September 1939 - 28 September 1939	10 (official)	TKS (20mm variant)	Polish "tank ace of aces". During the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in September 1939 he claimed to have destroyed ten German tanks, including one Panzer IV Ausf. B, the largest tank then fielded by Germany, with a 2.6 tonne TKS tankette armed with a 20mm autocannon. The unofficial claim is that he destroyed 13 tanks, although this has not been confirmed by any trustworthy sources to date.
Ervin Tarczay [hu]	Hungary	World War II	January 1943 – 18 March 1945	10	41M Turán II, Tiger I, Panther and Panzer IV Ausf. H	10 confirmed and 15 unconfirmed tank kills during World War II. On March 15, 1945 he was knighted and took medical leave. He returned to service quickly and was offically declared missing in action on March 18 1945, after having been left behind while wounded in Söréd.

See also

• Ace (military)

References

Citations

1. Franks & Bailey (2008), pp. 201–202.
2. ^ New York Times, "Saw 40 Air Foes After Guynemer", Thursday 27 September 1917
3. Wright-Martin Aircraft Corporation, "Hispano-Suiza Aeronautical Engines", Wright-Martin Aircraft Corporation, 1918
4. Taylor & Francis, "The European Powers in the First World War", Spencer Tucker, Laura Matysek Wood, Justin D. Murphy, ISBN 0-8153-0399-8
5. The Lowell Sun, "Record by French "Ace Of Aces" Never Equalled", Associated Press, Friday 21 June 1918
6. Doubleday, "Ace of Aces", René Fonck, 1967
7. Osprey Publishing, "Richthofen's Circus", Greg VanWyngarden, 2005
8. University of Nebraska Press, "Impossible missions?: German economic, military, and humanitarian efforts in Africa", Nina Berman, 2004
9. "Raymond Collishaw World War I Fighter Ace". www.constable.ca. Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
10. Franks & Bailey 2008, p. 55.
11. veterans.gc.ca (23 January 2020). "Billy Bishop Canada's finest Ace". veterans. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
12. McCaffery 1960, p. 143.
13. Franks & Bailey 2008, pp. 56–57.
14. ^ Stokes, "Fighting the Flying Circus", Eddie Rickenbacker, 1919, (accessed 18 April 2009)
15. "Indra Lal Roy". www.theaerodrome.com.
16. Toliver & Constable 1998, pp. 385, 386.
17. "Keskinen, Kalevi; Stenman, Kari and Niska, Klaus. Hävittäjä-ässät (Finnish Fighter Aces). Espoo, Finland: Tietoteas, 1978. ISBN 951-9035-37-0.
18. historicacanada.ca. "George "Buzz" Beurling". historicacanada. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
19. "Dick Bong: Ace Of Aces", General George C. Kenney, 1960
20. Polak, Tomas with Christopher Shores. Stalin’s Falcon – The Aces of the Red Star. Brub Street, London, 1999. ISBN 1-902304-01-2, p.189
21. "Николай Бодрихин. Советские асы. Очерки о советских летчиках". www.erlib.com (in Russian).
22. "Fighter Pilot: The First American Ace of World War II", William R. Dunn
23. The Telegraph (London), "Joe Foss", 2 January 2003, (accessed 17 April 2009)
24. Toliver & Constable 1998, p. 385.
25. Foreman & Harvey 1995, p. 81.
26. TIME, "Ace of Aces", Monday 23 March 1953, (accessed 17 April 2009)
27. The Canberra Times, "Air Ace Ends Task", 16 March 1953, (accessed 17 April 2009)
28. TIME, "Ace's End", 6 September 1954, (accessed 17 April 2009)
29. "Fifth death anniversary of war hero MM Alam being observed today". Express Tribune. 18 March 2018.
30. "Desert Aces". Dogfights. Season 2. Episode 5. 2007-08-10. The History Channel. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10.
31. "CBSi". findarticles.com. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
32. Texas A&M University Press, "Striving for air superiority: the Tactical Air Command in Vietnam", Craig C. Hannah, 2002, ISBN 978-1-58544-146-4
33. "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 1". Archived from the original on 2013-02-09. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
34. "Vietnamese Air-to-Air Victories, Part 2". Archived from the original on 2013-03-04. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
35. Boring, War Is (August 8, 2016). "Which is Better, the F-5E Tiger II or the MiG-21?".
36. "Ethiopia : Hero Air Force General Passes Away". October 5, 2016.
37. "Air Force hero General Tefera Legese dies in Washington, DC". www.geeskaafrika.com.
38. "Jan J. Safarik: Air Aces Home Page". aces.safarikovi.org.
39. "Welcome to the Air Combat Information Group". 1map.com.
40. "Conflits Israelo-Arabes : 1948 / 1982". Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
41. Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units in Combat by Tom Cooper & Farzad Bishop, 2004, Osprey Publishing, pp. 23–24
42. "IIAF - ANNOUNCEMENTS". www.iiaf.net.
43. "Fire in the Hills: Iranian and Iraqi Battles of Autumn 1982, by Tom Cooper & Farzad Bishop, Sept. 9, 2003". Archived from the original on 2014-08-22. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
44. "Iraqi Air-to-Air Victories since 1967". Archived from the original on 2013-08-05. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
45. Arab MiG-19 and MiG-21 Units in Combat, by David Nicolle and Tom Cooper, (2004) Osprey Publishing, p.82
46. "Russia confirms flying ace killed in Ukraine". Ukrainska Pravda.
47. "Russian media: retired Russian major general killed in skies over Ukraine". Yahoo News. May 24, 2022.
48. Viana, Pedro (May 26, 2022). "Russia loses its "Captain Maverick", shot down while attacking targets in Ukraine". Aeroflap.
49. Times, The Moscow (May 24, 2022). "Russian Major General Shot Down Over Ukraine – BBC Russian". The Moscow Times.
50. "Ukrainian paratroopers have probably neutralized the infamous Russian aviation general".
51. Altman, Howard (May 24, 2022). "63-Year-Old Retired Russian Fighter Pilot Shot Down In Su-25 Over Ukraine". The War Zone.
52. "Сизов Илья Андреевич". warheroes.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
53. "Подполковник Илья Сизов был удостоен высшей награды страны — звания Героя Российской Федерации — за совершённый подвиг в небе над островом Змеиный". Redstar.ru.
54. "Sizov Ilya Andreevich". russian-torturers.com.
55. Challenge Publications, "The U-Boat ACE of ACES", William H Langenberg, 2004
56. "Kapitänleutnant Lothar von Arnauld1 Coulés ou endommagés par U 35 - Sunk or damaged by U 35". History Maritime (in French).
57. Sutton Publishing, "The Bravest Man", William Tuohy, 2001
58. ^ The Times (London), "Rear-Admiral Eugene Fluckey", 20 July 2007 (accessed 2009 April 20)
59. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Malcolm David Wanklyn VC, DSO, RN". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net.
60. Naval Institute Press, "Soldiers Lost at Sea", James E. Wise, Scott Baron, 2003, ISBN 978-1-59114-966-8
61. Helgason, Guðmundur. "Benjamin Bryant DSO, DSC, RN". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net.
62. Bantam, "Submarine Commander", Rear Admiral Ben Bryant, 1960
63. US Naval Institute Press, "Teddy Suhren: Ace of Aces: Memoirs of a U-boat Rebel", Teddy Suhren, ISBN 978-1-59114-851-7
64. ^ Giorgerini, Giorgio (2002). Uomini sul fondo : storia del sommergibilismo italiano dalle origini a oggi. Milano: Mondadori. p. 691. ISBN 8804505370.
65. "Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939-1945 - W".
66. Kershaw, Robert. Tank Men: the Human Story of Tanks at War, Hodder, p. 332.
67. George Forty "Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II" p. 103.
68. Wolfgang Schneider "Tigers in Combat, Volume 1" 2004 page 81
69. Forty, George Tank Aces Sutton Publishing, 1977 p 108
70. Tucker-Jones,Anthony "Hitler's Panzers: The Complete History 1933â 1945", 2020 p 144
71. Schneider, Wolfgang, "Tigers in Combat, Volume II,", 2020 p 275
72. Raymond Bagdonas, The Devil's General: The Life of Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz, ...,, Casemate Publishers 2014
73. Wolfgang Schneider Tigers in Combat, Volume 1 2004 page 91
74. Traces of War Military Bio Resource https://www.tracesofwar.com/persons/39707/Kerscher-Albert.htm
75. "Zvika's Story". The Department for Jewish Zionist Education. Archived from the original on June 3, 2004. Retrieved 20 August 2006.
76. Simon Dunstan, "British Battle Tanks: Post-war Tanks 1946–2016" - Page 108, 2020
77. Rabinovich, Abraham (2005). The Yom Kippur War. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 164. ISBN 0-8052-1124-1.
78. ^ Bright, Joan "The Ninth Queens Royal Lancer, 1939 - 1945." The Naval and Military Press page 308
79. Bright, Joan "The Ninth Queens Royal Lancer, 1939 - 1945." The Naval and Military Press page 117
80. The National archives catalogue "Recommendation for Award for Nicholls, Alfred Rank: Lance Corporal Service" https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D7360171
81. "Monument to veteran of Great Patriotic War Zinoviy Kolobanov to be unveiled in Minsk". Belarusian Telegraph Agency. 7 September 2006. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2009.
82. Rose, Larry (April 23, 2015). "Tank Ace began stellar career at Normandy". The Globe and Mail.
83. Forty, George (1997). Tank Aces: From Blitzkrieg to the Gulf War. Motorbooks Intl. ISBN 0750914475.
84. Woolner, Frank (September 22, 1944). "THE TEXAS TANKER". YANK Magazine. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
85. Brantberg, Robert (2000). Sotasankarit. 21 suomalaisen sotasankarin elämäntarina (in Finnish). Gummerus (1st ed.). : Revontuli. pp. 9–19. ISBN 952-5170-11-X. OCLC 58273901.
86. The Param Vir Chakra Winners (PVC), Official Website of the Indian Army, retrieved 28 August 2014 "Profile" and "Citation" tabs.
87. Föhadnagy Ervin Tarczay, Battlefront Miniatures NZ Ltd, 9 December 2010, retrieved 22 October 2024.
88. Labels, Steven (27 August 2014), Bolt Action - Ervin Tarczay, Hungarian Tank Ace, WWPD., retrieved 22 October 2024
89. Az orosz páncélosok magyar vadásza, Szent Korona Radio, archived from the original on 20 October 2011, retrieved 22 October 2024

General and cited references

World War I sources

• Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank (2008). Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. London, UK: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.
• Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank; Guest, Russell (2008). Above the Lines: A Complete Record of the Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918. London, UK: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 978-0-948817-73-1.

Later wars

• Aces of WWII
• Foreman, John; Harvey, S.E. (1995), Messerschmitt Combat Diary Me.262, Crecy Publishing Ltd, ISBN 1-871187-30-3.
• Toliver, Raymond F. and Trevor J. Constable (1998). Die deutschen Jagdflieger-Asse 1939 – 1945. Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-87943-193-0.
• Samuel, Wolfgang W.E. (2004). American Raiders — The Race to Capture the Luftwaffe's Secrets. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-649-2.

• Aces (military)
• Lists of military personnel