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|caption={{center|Map of the dominions of Maukharis, with neighbouring polities, circa 550-600 CE, after the retreat of the ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=, , |isbn=0-226-74221-0 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref>}}
}}
| parent_house =
| founded = 510
| dissolution = 605
| cadet_branches =
| country = ]
| founder = ]
| final_ruler = ]
| coat_of_arms = Maukharis of Kanauj. Isanavarman. Circa AD 535-553.jpg
|coat_of_arms_size = 250
| coat_of_arms_caption = {{center|Coin of King ] Circa 535-553 CE.{{efn|The ruler faces to the left, whereas in Gupta coinage the ruler faces to the right. This is possibly a symbol of antagonism and rivalry, as also seen on ] of ].<ref name="RST">{{cite book |last1=Tripathi |first1=Rama S. |title=History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0404-3 |page=45 Note 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tnh2QjGhMQC&pg=PA45 |language=en}}</ref>}}}}
| seat = ]
| titles = '']''<br>'']''
}}
}}
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
The '''Maukhari Dynasty''', classically called the '''Megar Dynasty''', was a royal ]n dynasty that controlled vast areas of ] for over six generations. They earlier served as vassals of the ] as well as related to ] and his short-lived Vardhan dynasty. The Maukhari's established their independence at ], during the sixth century. The dynasty ruled over much of ] and ], however, around 606 A.D. large areas of their empire was reconquered by the Later Guptas.<ref>http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/659350/Maukhari-dynasty</ref>
The '''Maukhari dynasty'''{{efn|]: ], ''Mau-kha-ri''}} was an Indian dynasty that ruled the ] and controlled the vast plains of ]-] for over six generations from their capital at ]. They earlier served as vassals of the Guptas. The Maukharis established their independence during the mid 6th century. The dynasty ruled over much of ] and ]. Around 606, a large area of their empire was reconquered by the ] of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/659350/Maukhari-dynasty |title=Maukhari dynasty (Indian dynasty) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=2013-01-26}}</ref> According to ], the territory may have been lost to King ] of the ], who declared independence {{circa|600}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reza |first1=Mohammad Habib |last2=Bandyopadhyay |first2=S. |last3=Mowla |first3=Azizul |title=Traces of Buddhist architecture in Gupta and post-Gupta Bengal: evidence from inscriptions and literature |date=July–September 2015 |journal=] |volume=VII |issue=3 |pages=8–19 |s2cid=163998400 }}{{unreliable source?|reason=is this the real 'Journal of Eurasian Studies'? Sage and ScienceDirect don't have issue 3 for volume VII; |date=July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Biplab |title=European Trade and Colonial Conquest, Volume 1 |year=2005 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-028-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ou82_lNAJsMC&pg=PA15 |access-date=25 April 2020}}</ref>
==Origin==
Maukhari are ] of ]s in India. ], the rulers of ], also had relations with Maukharis as well as ] the ruler of ]; due to the clans having marital relations.
==Contribution==
==Religion==
The Maukharis were staunch Hindus. They tried to enforce and maintain the ]{{Better source needed|reason=Not a scholarly scores, anachronistic projection of Caste|date=January 2024}} among the people. ] received state support, but ] also managed to remain as a prominent religion.<ref name="Lal"/>
The game of ] (then called ], meaning "army") was crystallized during their rule in the 6th century.<ref>http://www.schachgeschichte-foerderkreis.de/sg_projekte.htm</ref>
==Maukari Rulers==
==Army==
The Maukhari army consisted of elephants, cavalry and infantry. Ishanavarman in all probability would have taken much pains to reorganize the army and make it strong and worthy. The Maukhari strategy mainly focused on deploying elephant corps to crush the enemy armies. They were used against the ] and the ] armies.<ref name="Lal">{{cite web |last1=Lal |first1=Avantika |title=World History Encyclopedia: Maukhari Dynasty |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Maukhari_Dynasty/ |website=] }}</ref> The Maukharis fought against the remnants of the Alchon Huns in the areas of the ] and ], as documented in the Aphsad inscription, while the ] repelled them in the ] region.<ref name="MG145">{{cite journal |last1=GHOSE |first1=MADHUVANTI |title=The Impact of the Hun Invasions: A Nomadic Interlude in Indian Art |journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute |date=2003 |volume=17 |pages=145–146 |jstor=24049312 |issn=0890-4464}}</ref> The Aphsad inscription of ] mentions the military successes of kings of the ] against the Maukharis, themselves past victors of the Alchon Huns:<ref name="MG145"/>
There is definite evidence of Maukharis as an imperial power from 6th century A.D. Probably, Yagna Varman founded the dynasty. He was succeeded by Sardula Varman and in turn by Ananta Varaman. It is only during the reign of Isana Varman that the family rose to power and prestige. The empire is located in the modern state of ]. It is only from Isana Varman onwards that the family ceased to be feudatories.
{{blockquote|]]]"The son of that king (]) was the illustrious ], by whom (his) enemies were slain, just like the demons by (the god) ]. Breaking up the proudly stepping array of mighty elephants, belonging to the Maukhari, which had thrown aloft in battle the troops of the ] (in order to trample them to death), he became unconscious (and expired in the fight)."|Line 8 of the ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Madan |first1=A. P. |title=The History of the Rāṣṭrakūṭas |date=1990 |publisher=Harman Publishing House |isbn=978-81-85151-38-0 |page=208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kr1AAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>}}
Isana Varman along with the Later Guptas took advantage of the destruction of the Gupta Empire, but they kept challenging each other for the bid of power. This led to a long war which continued for more than half a century and ultimately led to the destruction of Maukharis. It was Kumargupta of the later Guptas who defeated Isana Varman.
The Maukharis, rather than the ], were therefore the key actors in repelling the Hunas.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Willis |first1=Michael |title=Later Gupta History: Inscriptions, Coins and Historical Ideology |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society |date=2005 |volume=15 |issue=2 |page=140 |jstor=25188529 |issn=1356-1863}}</ref>
It is said that Isana Varman defeated the ] and forced the ]s to remain in their proper realm. He issued coins in imitation of Toramana, the ] chief. These were close copies of the imperial Gupta coins, but distinguished by a date. Varman was succeeded by his son Sarva Varman. Both Saarva Varman and his successor son Avanti Varman were styled as Maharajadhirajas. According to Banabhatta, Prabhakara Vardhana of ] gave his daughter Rajyasri in marriage to the son of Avanti Varman (Grahavarman), who was later treacherously killed by the Devgupta, ruler of ], and had imprisoned Rajyasri. Later, this led to battle between Rajyavardhana, brother of Rajyasri, and Devgupta in which Devgupta was defeated. However, Rajyavardhana was treacherously put to death by ], ruler of ], an ally of Malwa.
==See also==
==Administration==
], the Maukhari capital, grew in prosperity and importance as a great cosmopolitan city. After the demise of the Maukharis, it even became the capital of Emperor ]. Hence, Kanyakubja was largely contested by imperial powers.<ref name=Sen>Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi: Primus Books, {{ISBN|978-93-80607-34-4}}</ref>{{rp|20}}<ref name="Lal"/><ref name="RST 215">{{cite book |last1=Tripathi |first1=Rama S. |title=History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0404-3 |page=215|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tnh2QjGhMQC&pg=PA45 |language=en}}</ref>
* ]
* ]
* ]
The first three Maukhari kings are mentioned in the inscriptions as ], but their successors assumed grander titles showing an increase in power and prestige. Ishanavarman was the first Maukhari ruler to adopt the title Maharajadhiraja (lit., King of Great Kings).<ref name="Lal"/>
==References==
==Cultural and international exchanges==
], Maukhari dynasty, 6th century .<ref>{{cite web |title=Siddham. The Asian Inscription Database IN00144 Asirgadh Seal Inscription of Sarvavarman |url=https://siddham.network/inscription/in00144/?section=translation |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Siddham. The Asian Inscription Database Śarvavarman |url=https://siddham.network/tag/sarvavarman/ |language=en}}</ref>]]
The Maukhari kings were patrons of poets and writers and many literary works were composed during their reign.<ref name="Lal"/> Various seals and inscriptions are known, such as the Asirgarh seal inscription of ],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vats |first1=Madho Sarup |title=Sohnag Terracotta Seal of Avantivarman |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1946 |volume=9 |pages=74–77 |jstor=44137039 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> or the ] of ], discovered near the village of Harara in the ], ] and dated to ] 610 (ie 554 CE), which record the genealogy of the Maukharis.<ref name="Epigraphia Indica Vol.14">{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=F. w |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.14 |date=1918 |pages=110–116 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108415/page/n135/mode/2up}}</ref>
===Contacts with the Sasanian Empire===
] King ] sits before the chessboard, while his vizir and the Indian envoy of ] are playing chess. '']'', 10th century CE.<ref name="ME"/>]]
]. The inscription, dated to ] 610 (ie 554 CE), record the genealogy of the Maukharis.<ref name="Epigraphia Indica Vol.14"/>]]
With the end of Hunnic power, new contacts were established between India and the ]. Intellectual games such as ] and ] demonstrated and celebrated the diplomatic relationship between ] and a "great king of India." The ] of the Indian king invented chess as a cheerful, playful challenge to emperor Khosrow. It seems that the Indian ruler who sent the game of chess to Khosrow was the Maukhari monarch ] of ], between the beginning of Śarvavarman's reign in 560/565 and the end of Khosrow's reign in 579.<ref name="ME">{{cite book |last1=Eder |first1=Manfred A. J. |title=South Asian Archaeology 2007 Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the European Association of South Asian Archaeology in Ravenna, Italy, July 2007, Volume II |date=2010 |publisher=Archaeopress Archaeology |isbn=978-1-4073-0674-2 |page=69 |url=http://history.chess.free.fr/papers/Eder%202007-2.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bakker |first1=Hans T. |author-link=Hans T. Bakker|title=The Huns in Central and South Asia. How Two Centuries of War against Nomadic Invaders from the Steps are Concluded by a Game of Chess between the Kings of India and Iran |date=2017 |url=https://www.academia.edu/34156496}}</ref> When the game was sent to Iran it came with a letter which read: "As your name is the King of Kings, all your emperorship over us connotes that your wise men should be wiser than ours. Either you send us an explanation of this game of chess or send revenue and tribute us."<ref name="canepa">Canepa 2009, p. 181</ref> Khosrow's grand vizier successfully solved the riddle and figured out how to play chess. In response the wise vizier created the game backgammon and sent it to the Indian court with the same message. The Indian king was not able to solve the riddle and was forced to pay tribute.<ref name="canepa" />
==Succession==
The ] (also called "Pushyabhuti dynasty") ultimately succeeded the Maukhari dynasty, but it had originally only been a small polity around their capital Sthaneshvara (]). According to ], their ruler Aditya-Vardhana (or Aditya-Sena) was probably a feudatory to the Maukhari ruler ]. His successor ] may have also been a feudatory to the Maukhari king Avantivarman in his early days. Prabhakara's daughter Rajyashri married Avantivarman's son Grahavarman. As a result of this marriage, Prabhakara's political status increased significantly, and he assumed the imperial title ''Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja'' ("the one to whom the other kings bow because of his valour and affection").{{sfn|Hans Bakker|2014|p=79}}
== Rulers ==
The known Maukhari rulers of ''madhya-desha'' include:{{sfn|Ronald M. Davidson|2012|p=34-35}}<ref>However, the dates below are not Davidson's, which are completely different.</ref>
].]]
* ]<ref>Documented by the Shankarpur copper-plate inscription: see SIDDHAM: the asia inscriptions database: https://siddham.network/inscription/in00067/</ref>
* Adityavarman
* Ishvaravarman (Iśvaravarman)
* ] (Iśanavarman), r.c. 550–574 CE
* ] (Śarvavarman), r. c. 574–586 CE
* Avantivarman
* ], r. c. 600–605 CE
== Karenti branch of Maukhari Rulers ==
After the fall of Maukhari dynasty his descendants moved to Kuntalpur and later one of his descendant Kripal Dev moved to Kirtigadh in 661, where he defeated Baloch ruler of Kirtigadh and Makwanas ruled from (661 AD to 1089 AD). Last king was Kesar Dev Makwana, who died in battle against Hamir Soomra, ruler of Amarkot.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Girase |first=Jaypalsingh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=onH0DwAAQBAJ&dq=ajja+jhala&pg=PT298 |title=Rashtragaurav Maharana Pratapsingh: Ek Aprajit Yoddha |date=2020-08-02 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-64919-952-2 |language=hi}}</ref>
* 1. '''Kripaldevji''' or Karpaldevji, First Makwana Lord of Karenti (662-682).
* 2. '''Bharmal''' Second Makwana Lord of Karenti (682-706).
* 3. '''Bhojraj''' , Third Makwana Lord of Karenti (706-716).
* 4. '''Dhirsen''' , Fourth Makwana Lord of Karenti (716-734).
* 5. '''Popasen''' , Fifth Makwana Lord of Karenti (734-744).
* 6. '''Devraj''' , Sixth Makwana Lord of Karenti (744-762).
* 7. '''Parthisal''' , Seventh Makwana Lord of Karenti (762-792).
* 8. '''Salande''' , Eighth Makwana Lord of Karenti (792-810).
* 9. '''Surjanbhan''' , Ninth Makwana Lord of Karenti (810-824).
* 10. '''Somesar''' , Tenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (824-833).
* 11. '''Satal''' , Eleventh Makwana Lord of Karenti (833-862).
* 12. '''Sundarpal''' , Twelfth Makwana Lord of Karenti (862-891).
* 13. '''Ratanpal''' , Thirteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (891-905).
* 14. '''Akhepal''' , Fourteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (905-914).
* 15. '''Amratpal''' , Fifteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (914-932).
* 16. '''Udebhan''' , Sixteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (932-962).
* 17. '''Lakhdhir''' , Seventeenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (962-972).
* 18. '''Surtan''' , Eighteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (972-992).
* 19. '''Hamir''' , Nineteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (992-1022).
* 20. '''Narbhavandev''' or Narbhramdev, Twentieth Makwana Lord of Karenti (1022-1039).
*21. '''Jayamalladev''' or '''Jaimalji''', Twenty-First Makwana Lord of Karenti (1039-1042). <br />Karenti (1039-
*
*
*22.'''Vyaghradev''' or '''Vaghji''', Twenty-Second Makwana Lord of Karanti (1042-1045).
*23. '''Vihayasdev''' or '''Vairisha''', Twenty-Third Makwana Lord of Karenti Karenti(1045-104
*24. '''Kesardev''', Twenty-Fourth Makwana Lord of Karenti (1049-28 MAY 1082). Died: killed in battle 28 May 1082 by Hamir Sumro, Jam of Sindh
==Barabar branch of Maukhari rulers ==
] of Anantavarman (left half).]]
The ] inscriptions attest the existence of another Maukhari branch. This branch ruled as feudatories, probably that of the ]. The known rulers of this branch include:<ref>{{cite book |author=Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha |author-link=Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha |title=Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&pg=PA109 |year=1977 |publisher=Abhinav |pages=109–110 |oclc=464639312}}</ref>
* ''Nrpa Shri'' Yajnavarman
* ''Nrpa Samantachudamani Shri'' Shardulavarman
* Anantavarman
<gallery>
File:Lomas_Rishi_entrance_inscription.jpg|] cave inscription of Anantavarman
File:Barabar_Nagarjuni_Caves,_Anantavarman_Inscription_Sanskrit.jpg|] of Anantavarman
File:5th_or_6th_century_Vadathika_Cave_Inscription,_Sanskrit,_Shaivism,_Anantavarman,_Gupta_script,_Ancient_Om_symbol_2.jpg|] of Anantavarman
</gallery>
In some of the Barabar Caves inscriptions, the words referring to the Ajivikas appear to have been defaced, although the rest of the text appears intact. ] theorized that the defacement took place when the Maukhari ruler Ananta-varman installed Hindu images at the Caves. However, Basham dismisses this theory, noting that there is little evidence to support this view and the only cave in which the word ''Ajivikehi'' remains intact is among the three caves where Ananta-varman installed a Hindu image. According to Basham, since the defacement is selective, it must have taken place when the Brahmi script had still not been forgotten, likely some time before the 5th century CE.{{sfn|Basham|1951|pp=157–159}}
== See also ==
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
* ]
* ]
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Hans Bakker |author-link=Hans T. Bakker |title=The World of the Skandapurāṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6p2XCgAAQBAJ |year=2014 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-27714-4 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ronald M. Davidson |title=Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC |isbn=978-0-231-50102-6 }}
* {{cite book |last=Basham |first=A.L. |title=History and Doctrines of the Ājīvikas |year=1951 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.2179 |publisher=Luzac |location=London}} Reprinted by Moltilal Banarsidass in 1981
{{refend}}
== External links ==
== External links ==
* Joseph Schwartzberg. . Map of the "". (Pg 26).
*Kishori Lal Faujdar: Uttar Pradesh ke Madhyakalin Jatvansh and Rajya, Jat Samaj, Agra, Septwember-October 1999.
*] : Jats the Ancient Rulers, Dahinam Publishers, Sonepat, Haryana
The Maukhari dynasty was an Indian dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Kannauj and controlled the vast plains of Ganga-Yamuna for over six generations from their capital at Kannauj. They earlier served as vassals of the Guptas. The Maukharis established their independence during the mid 6th century. The dynasty ruled over much of Uttar Pradesh and Magadha. Around 606, a large area of their empire was reconquered by the Later Guptas of Magadha. According to Xuanzang, the territory may have been lost to King Shashanka of the Gauda Kingdom, who declared independence c. 600.
Religion
The Maukharis were staunch Hindus. They tried to enforce and maintain the traditional social order among the people. Hinduism received state support, but Buddhism also managed to remain as a prominent religion.
Army
The Maukhari army consisted of elephants, cavalry and infantry. Ishanavarman in all probability would have taken much pains to reorganize the army and make it strong and worthy. The Maukhari strategy mainly focused on deploying elephant corps to crush the enemy armies. They were used against the Alchon Huns and the Later Gupta armies. The Maukharis fought against the remnants of the Alchon Huns in the areas of the Gangetic Doab and Magadha, as documented in the Aphsad inscription, while the Aulikaras repelled them in the Malwa region. The Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena mentions the military successes of kings of the Later Gupta dynasty against the Maukharis, themselves past victors of the Alchon Huns:
"The son of that king (Kumaragupta) was the illustrious Dâmôdaragupta, by whom (his) enemies were slain, just like the demons by (the god) Dâmôdara. Breaking up the proudly stepping array of mighty elephants, belonging to the Maukhari, which had thrown aloft in battle the troops of the Hûnas (in order to trample them to death), he became unconscious (and expired in the fight)."
The Maukharis, rather than the Guptas, were therefore the key actors in repelling the Hunas.
Administration
Kanyakubja, the Maukhari capital, grew in prosperity and importance as a great cosmopolitan city. After the demise of the Maukharis, it even became the capital of Emperor Harsha. Hence, Kanyakubja was largely contested by imperial powers.
The first three Maukhari kings are mentioned in the inscriptions as Maharaja, but their successors assumed grander titles showing an increase in power and prestige. Ishanavarman was the first Maukhari ruler to adopt the title Maharajadhiraja (lit., King of Great Kings).
Cultural and international exchanges
Asirgarh seal inscription of Sharvavarman, Maukhari dynasty, 6th century .
The Maukhari kings were patrons of poets and writers and many literary works were composed during their reign. Various seals and inscriptions are known, such as the Asirgarh seal inscription of Sharvavarman, or the Haraha inscription of Isanavarman, discovered near the village of Harara in the Barabanki district, Uttar Pradesh and dated to Vikrama Samvat 610 (ie 554 CE), which record the genealogy of the Maukharis.
Contacts with the Sasanian Empire
Sasanian Empire King Khosrow I sits before the chessboard, while his vizir and the Indian envoy of Kannauj are playing chess. Shahnama, 10th century CE.The Harahara inscription of Ishanavarman. The inscription, dated to Vikrama Samvat 610 (ie 554 CE), record the genealogy of the Maukharis.
With the end of Hunnic power, new contacts were established between India and the Sasanian Persia. Intellectual games such as chess and backgammon demonstrated and celebrated the diplomatic relationship between Khosrow I and a "great king of India." The vizier of the Indian king invented chess as a cheerful, playful challenge to emperor Khosrow. It seems that the Indian ruler who sent the game of chess to Khosrow was the Maukhari monarch Śarvavarman of Kannauj, between the beginning of Śarvavarman's reign in 560/565 and the end of Khosrow's reign in 579. When the game was sent to Iran it came with a letter which read: "As your name is the King of Kings, all your emperorship over us connotes that your wise men should be wiser than ours. Either you send us an explanation of this game of chess or send revenue and tribute us." Khosrow's grand vizier successfully solved the riddle and figured out how to play chess. In response the wise vizier created the game backgammon and sent it to the Indian court with the same message. The Indian king was not able to solve the riddle and was forced to pay tribute.
Succession
The Vardhana dynasty (also called "Pushyabhuti dynasty") ultimately succeeded the Maukhari dynasty, but it had originally only been a small polity around their capital Sthaneshvara (Thanesar). According to Hans T. Bakker, their ruler Aditya-Vardhana (or Aditya-Sena) was probably a feudatory to the Maukhari ruler Sharvavarman. His successor Prabhakaravardhana may have also been a feudatory to the Maukhari king Avantivarman in his early days. Prabhakara's daughter Rajyashri married Avantivarman's son Grahavarman. As a result of this marriage, Prabhakara's political status increased significantly, and he assumed the imperial title Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja ("the one to whom the other kings bow because of his valour and affection").
Rulers
The known Maukhari rulers of madhya-desha include:
Maukhari design on a Nalanda Clay Seal of Sharvavarman.
After the fall of Maukhari dynasty his descendants moved to Kuntalpur and later one of his descendant Kripal Dev moved to Kirtigadh in 661, where he defeated Baloch ruler of Kirtigadh and Makwanas ruled from (661 AD to 1089 AD). Last king was Kesar Dev Makwana, who died in battle against Hamir Soomra, ruler of Amarkot.
1. Kripaldevji or Karpaldevji, First Makwana Lord of Karenti (662-682).
2. Bharmal Second Makwana Lord of Karenti (682-706).
3. Bhojraj , Third Makwana Lord of Karenti (706-716).
4. Dhirsen , Fourth Makwana Lord of Karenti (716-734).
5. Popasen , Fifth Makwana Lord of Karenti (734-744).
6. Devraj , Sixth Makwana Lord of Karenti (744-762).
7. Parthisal , Seventh Makwana Lord of Karenti (762-792).
8. Salande , Eighth Makwana Lord of Karenti (792-810).
9. Surjanbhan , Ninth Makwana Lord of Karenti (810-824).
10. Somesar , Tenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (824-833).
11. Satal , Eleventh Makwana Lord of Karenti (833-862).
12. Sundarpal , Twelfth Makwana Lord of Karenti (862-891).
13. Ratanpal , Thirteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (891-905).
14. Akhepal , Fourteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (905-914).
15. Amratpal , Fifteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (914-932).
16. Udebhan , Sixteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (932-962).
17. Lakhdhir , Seventeenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (962-972).
18. Surtan , Eighteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (972-992).
19. Hamir , Nineteenth Makwana Lord of Karenti (992-1022).
20. Narbhavandev or Narbhramdev, Twentieth Makwana Lord of Karenti (1022-1039).
21. Jayamalladev or Jaimalji, Twenty-First Makwana Lord of Karenti (1039-1042). Karenti (1039-
22.Vyaghradev or Vaghji, Twenty-Second Makwana Lord of Karanti (1042-1045).
23. Vihayasdev or Vairisha, Twenty-Third Makwana Lord of Karenti Karenti(1045-104
24. Kesardev, Twenty-Fourth Makwana Lord of Karenti (1049-28 MAY 1082). Died: killed in battle 28 May 1082 by Hamir Sumro, Jam of Sindh
The Barabar Cave inscriptions attest the existence of another Maukhari branch. This branch ruled as feudatories, probably that of the Later Guptas. The known rulers of this branch include:
In some of the Barabar Caves inscriptions, the words referring to the Ajivikas appear to have been defaced, although the rest of the text appears intact. E. Hultzsch theorized that the defacement took place when the Maukhari ruler Ananta-varman installed Hindu images at the Caves. However, Basham dismisses this theory, noting that there is little evidence to support this view and the only cave in which the word Ajivikehi remains intact is among the three caves where Ananta-varman installed a Hindu image. According to Basham, since the defacement is selective, it must have taken place when the Brahmi script had still not been forgotten, likely some time before the 5th century CE.
The ruler faces to the left, whereas in Gupta coinage the ruler faces to the right. This is possibly a symbol of antagonism and rivalry, as also seen on some similar coins of Toramana.
Reza, Mohammad Habib; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Mowla, Azizul (July–September 2015). "Traces of Buddhist architecture in Gupta and post-Gupta Bengal: evidence from inscriptions and literature". Journal of Eurasian Studies. VII (3): 8–19. S2CID163998400.
^ GHOSE, MADHUVANTI (2003). "The Impact of the Hun Invasions: A Nomadic Interlude in Indian Art". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 145–146. ISSN0890-4464. JSTOR24049312.
Willis, Michael (2005). "Later Gupta History: Inscriptions, Coins and Historical Ideology". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 15 (2): 140. ISSN1356-1863. JSTOR25188529.
Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi: Primus Books, ISBN978-93-80607-34-4
Vats, Madho Sarup (1946). "Sohnag Terracotta Seal of Avantivarman". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 9: 74–77. ISSN2249-1937. JSTOR44137039.
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Coin of King Iśanavarman Circa 535-553 CE.
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Lomas Rishi cave inscription of Anantavarman
Gopika Cave Inscription of Anantavarman
Vadathika Cave Inscription of Anantavarman
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, Mau-kha-ri
