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{{short description|Submarine of the United States}}
{{otherships|USS Porpoise}} {{other ships|USS Porpoise}}
⚫ {|{{Infobox Ship Begin}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2024}}
⚫ {{Infobox Ship Image
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
⚫ |Ship image=]
⚫ {|{{Infobox ship begin}}
|Ship caption=
⚫ {{Infobox ship image
⚫ |Ship image=USS Porpoise (SS-172), 20 July 1944.jpg
|Ship caption=''USS Porpoise'' (SS-172)
}} }}
{{Infobox Ship Career {{Infobox ship career
|Hide header= |Hide header=
|Ship country=United States |Ship country=United States
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|Ship namesake= |Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered= |Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=], ]<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates">{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History|publisher=]|year=1995|location=]|pages=285–304|url=|doi=|isbn=1-55750-263-3}}</ref> |Ship builder=], ]<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates">{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History|publisher=]|year=1995|location=]|pages=285–304|isbn=1-55750-263-3}}</ref>
|Ship laid down=27 October 1933<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |Ship laid down=27 October 1933<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship launched=20 June 1935<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |Ship launched=20 June 1935<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
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|Ship commissioned=15 August 1935<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |Ship commissioned=15 August 1935<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship decommissioned=15 November 1945<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |Ship decommissioned=15 November 1945<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=yes
|Ship recommissioned=8 May 1947
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service= |Ship in service=
|Ship out of service= |Ship out of service=
|Ship struck=13 August 1956<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |Ship struck=13 August 1956<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship reinstated= |Ship reinstated=
|Ship fate=Sold for scrap on 14 May 1957<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |Ship fate=Sold for scrap 14&nbsp;May&nbsp;1957<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/>
|Ship status=
}} }}
{{Infobox Ship Characteristics {{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header= |Hide header=
|Header caption= |Header caption=
|Ship class=] ] ]<ref name="Register">{{cite book|last=Bauer|first=K. Jack|authorlink=|coauthors=Roberts, Stephen S.|title=Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1991|location=]|pages=268–269|url=|doi=|isbn=0-313-26202-0}}</ref> |Ship class=] ] ]<ref name="Register">{{cite book|last=Bauer|first=K. Jack|author2=Roberts, Stephen S. |title=Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1991|location=]|pages=268–269|isbn=0-313-26202-0}}</ref>
|Ship displacement={{convert|1310|long ton|t}} standard, surfaced,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp. 305–311</ref> {{convert|1934|long ton|t}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |Ship displacement={{convert|1310|long ton|t}} standard, surfaced,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp. 305–311</ref> {{convert|1934|long ton|t}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship length={{convert|283|ft|0|in|abbr=on}} (waterline),<ref>Lenton, H. T. ''American Submarines'' (New York: Doubleday, 1973), p.39.</ref> {{convert|301|ft|0|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> (overall)<ref name="Lenton, p.39">Lenton, p.39.</ref> |Ship length={{convert|283|ft|0|in|abbr=on}} (waterline),<ref>Lenton, H. T. ''American Submarines'' (New York: Doubleday, 1973), p.39.</ref> {{convert|301|ft|0|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> (overall)<ref name="Lenton, p.39">Lenton, p.39.</ref>
|Ship beam={{convert|24|ft|11+3/4|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |Ship beam={{convert|24|ft|11+3/4|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship draft={{convert|13|ft|10|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |Ship draft={{convert|13|ft|10|in|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship propulsion=*'''As Built:''' 4 × ] Model 16-201A ]-cylinder ]<ref>Alden, John D., Commander, USN (retired). ''The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy'' (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979), p.210.</ref> ]s, {{convert|1300|hp|kW|abbr=on}} each,<ref name="Alden, p.210">Alden, p.210.</ref> driving ]s through ],<ref name="Register"/><ref name="FriedmanSubs1-engines">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp.261–263</ref> 2 × 120-cell ] VL31B ],<ref>Alden, p.211.</ref> 4 × high-speed ] ]s,<ref name="Register"/> total {{convert|2085|hp|kW|abbr=on}}<!--Alden, p.211, lists them as 1075 hp each, an obvious error.--></ref> three ] six-cylinder ] 6-228 auxiliary diesels<ref name="Alden, p.210"/> |Ship propulsion=*'''As Built:''' 4 × ] Model 16-201A ]-cylinder ]<ref>Alden, John D., Commander, USN (retired). ''The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy'' (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979), p.210.</ref> ]s, {{convert|1300|hp|kW|abbr=on}} each,<ref name="Alden, p.210">Alden, p.210.</ref> driving ]s through ],<ref name="Register"/><ref name="FriedmanSubs1-engines">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp.261–263</ref> 2 × 120-cell ] VL31B ],<ref>Alden, p.211.</ref> 4 × high-speed ] ]s,<ref name="Register"/> total {{convert|2085|hp|kW|abbr=on}}<!--Alden, p.211, lists them as 1075 hp each, an obvious error.--> three ] six-cylinder ] 6-228 auxiliary diesels<ref name="Alden, p.210"/>
*'''Re-engined (1942):''' 4 × GM two-cycle Model 12-278A diesels, {{convert|1200|hp|MW|abbr=on}} each,<ref name="Alden, p.210"/> two shafts<ref name="Register"/> *'''Re-engined (1942):''' 4 × GM two-cycle Model 12-278A diesels, {{convert|1200|hp|MW|abbr=on}} each,<ref name="Alden, p.210"/> two shafts<ref name="Register"/>
|Ship speed={{convert|19|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} surfaced,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> {{convert|8|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |Ship speed={{convert|19|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} surfaced,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> {{convert|8|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship range={{convert|6000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|km/h|abbr=on}},<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> {{convert|22000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} @ {{convert|8|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} with fuel in the main ]s,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> (bunkerage {{convert|93,129|USgal|L}} {352,804 liters} maximum, {{convert|89,945|USgal|L}} {340,742 liters} typical, 1944)<ref name="Alden, p.58">Alden, p.58.</ref> |Ship range={{convert|6000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn|km/h|abbr=on}},<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> {{convert|22000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} @ {{convert|8|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} with fuel in the main ]s,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> (bunkerage {{convert|93,129|USgal|L}} maximum, {{convert|89,945|USgal|L}} typical, 1944)<ref name="Alden, p.58">Alden, p.58.</ref>
|Ship endurance=10 hours @ {{convert|5|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}, 36 hours at minimum speed submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |Ship endurance=10 hours @ {{convert|5|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}, 36 hours at minimum speed submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
|Ship test depth={{convert|250|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |Ship test depth={{convert|250|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/>
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|Ship sensors= |Ship sensors=
|Ship EW= |Ship EW=
|Ship armament=6 × 21 in (533 mm) ]s (four forward, two aft; 16 ]es),<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> (two external bow tubes added 1942),<ref name="Alden, p.58"/> 1 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 ] deck gun,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> 2 × 0.3 cal (7.62 mm) ]s<ref name="Lenton, p.39"/> |Ship armament=6 × ] ]s (four forward, two aft; 16 ]es),<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> (two external bow tubes added 1942),<ref name="Alden, p.58"/> 1 × ]/50 ] deck gun,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> 2 × 0.3 cal (7.62 mm) ]s<ref name="Lenton, p.39"/>
|Ship notes= |Ship notes=
}} }}
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'''USS ''Porpoise'' (SS–172)''', the fifth ] ship to bear her name, was the ] of ] of submarines. '''USS ''Porpoise'' (SS–172)''', the fifth ] ship to bear her name, was the ] of ] of submarines.

⚫ She was laid down at the ], ] on 27 October 1933; launched on 20 June 1935, sponsored by Miss Eva Croft; and commissioned on 15 August 1935, ] ] in command.
==Construction and commissioning==
⚫ ''Porpoise'' was ] at the ] in ], ], on 27 October 1933. She was ] on 20 June 1935, sponsored by Miss Eva Croft, and commissioned on 15 August 1935, ] ] in command.


==Service history== ==Service history==

===Inter-War Period=== ===Inter-War Period===
After shakedown, ''Porpoise'' transited the ] and joined the ] at ] on 1 September 1936. After gunnery and torpedo practice off the west coast of the United States, she participated in ] in the Hawaiian area, April–May 1937, and toward the end of the year underwent extensive overhaul at ]. In January 1938, she returned to ] for fleet exercises, and on 19 November 1939 got underway for ] to join the Asiatic Fleet. From December 1939-December 1941, she was engaged in various exercises with Submarines, Asiatic Fleet. After shakedown, ''Porpoise'' transited the ] and joined the ] at ] on 1 September 1936. After gunnery and torpedo practice off the west coast of the United States, she participated in ] in the Hawaiian area, April–May 1937, and toward the end of the year underwent extensive overhaul at ]. In January 1938, she returned to ] for fleet exercises, and on 19 November 1939 got underway for ] to join the Asiatic Fleet. From December 1939-December 1941, she was engaged in various exercises with Submarines, Asiatic Fleet.


===World War II=== ===World War II===
At the outbreak of the ] on 7 December 1941, ''Porpoise'' - commanded by ] - was at ], P.I., undergoing a refit. With all four main engines being overhauled and her entire after battery out, the required work was accomplished in record time. She moved to Manila on 20 December, and two days later was underway on her first war patrol - from 22 December 1941–31 January 1942 - in ] and the ] off ]. Retiring by way of ], ], where the Dutch were demolshing their oil wells, ''Porpoise'' attacked two ships without result before ending her patrol at ], ]. At the outbreak of the ] with the japanese ] on 7 December
1941, ''Porpoise'', commanded by ], was at ] in the ], undergoing a refit. With all four main engines being overhauled and her entire after battery out, the required work was accomplished in record time. She moved to Manila on 20 December, and two days later was underway on her first war patrol - which lasted from 22 December 1941 to 31 January 1942 - in ] and the ] off ]. Retiring by way of ], ], where the Dutch were demolishing their ]s, ''Porpoise'' attacked two ships without result before ending her patrol at ], ].


Conducting her second war patrol in the ] - from 9 February–30 March - she scored on a cargo ship before anchoring at ]. Then, with the ultimate destination of Pearl Harbor, she returned to the Netherlands East Indies for her third war patrol - from 26 April–17 June. She made one unsuccessful attack on a cargo ship and rescued five airmen off the enemy held island of Ju before heading out across the Pacific. Conducting her second war patrol in the ] from 9 February to 30 March 1942, ''Porpoise'' scored on a cargo ship before anchoring at ]. Then, with the ultimate destination of Pearl Harbor, she returned to the Netherlands East Indies for her third war patrol, which lasted from 26 April to 17 June 1942. She made one unsuccessful attack on a cargo ship and rescued five airmen off the enemy held island of Ju before heading out across the Pacific.


After a major overhaul at Mare Island, ''Porpoise'' departed Pearl Harbor for her fourth war patrol - from 30 November 1942–15 January 1943 - off the coast of ], Japan. On 1 January 1943, she sank ''Renzan Maru'', then set course for ] where she completed the patrol. Her fifth war patrol - from 6 February–15 April - off ], was highlighted by the sinking of ''Koa Maru'' on 4 April., and by an unsucessful attack on the unarmed Japanese ], '']'' on 8 April. <ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.combinedfleet.com/Takasago_t.htm| title= IJN ''Takasago Maru'': Tabular Record of Movement |author= Allyn D. Nevitt |date= |year= 1998 |month= |format= |work= |publisher= combinedfleet.com }}</ref> After a major overhaul at Mare Island, ''Porpoise'' departed Pearl Harbor for her fourth war patrol - from 30 November 1942 to 15 January 1943 - off the coast of ], Japan. On 1 January 1943, she sank ''Renzan Maru'', then set course for ] where she completed the patrol. Her fifth war patrol - which lasted from 6 February to 15 April 1943 - off ], was highlighted by the sinking of ''Koa Maru'' on 4 April.


⚫ After refit at Pearl Harbor, ''Porpoise'' sailed on her sixth patrol - which lasted from 20 June to 28 July 1943 - performing reconnaissance of ] and in the ]. Scoring hits on two cargo ships early in her patrol, she then sank ''Mikage Maru No. 20'' on 19 July 1943 before returning to Pearl Harbor.


⚫ Due to leaky ] tanks ''Porpoise'' departed Pearl Harbor on 12 August 1943 bound for ], ], where she was to be used as a ]. During her voyage, an ] ] mistakenly opened gunfire on her in the ] on 13 August 1943, but ''Porpoise'' maneuvered away southward on the surface and sustained no damage.<ref>Hinman & Campbell, p. 158.</ref> She arrived at New London in September 1943, and interrupted only for overhaul at ], ], from May to June 1944, she served on training duty there until inactivated. She decommissioned on 15 November 1945 at ], ], and remained in ] until 8 May 1947, when she was placed in service and assigned to the 8th Naval District. For the next nine years she trained ] personnel in the ], ], area. Stricken from the ] on 13 August 1956, she was sold for scrap to Southern Scrap Material Company, Ltd., of ], ], on 14 May 1957.
⚫ After refit at Pearl Harbor, ''Porpoise'' sailed on her sixth patrol - from 20 June–28 July - performing reconnaissance of ] and in the ]. Scoring hits on two cargo ships early in her patrol, she then sank ''Mikage Maru No. 20'' on 19 July before returning to Pearl Harbor.

⚫ Due to leaky fuel oil tanks ''Porpoise'' departed Pearl Harbor for ], where she was to be used as a training vessel. She arrived in September 1943, and interrupted only for overhaul at ] from May–June 1944, she served on this duty until inactivated. She decommissioned on 15 November 1945 at ], and remained in reserve until 8 May 1947, when she was placed in service and assigned to the 8th Naval District. For the next nine years she trained Naval Reservists in the ], area. Stricken from the ] on 13 August 1956, she was sold for scrap to Southern Scrap Material Co., Ltd., ], on 14 May 1957.


==Awards== ==Awards==
''Porpoise'' earned five ]s for her ] service. *{{ribbon devices|number=5|type=service-star|ribbon=Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} ] with five ] for ] service


==References== ==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}
{{refbegin}} {{refbegin}}
*{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p10/porpoise-v.htm}} *{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/porpoise-v.html}}
{{refend}} {{refend}}
===Bibliography===
* {{ISBN|978-0-359-76906-3}}.


{{United States Porpoise class submarine}} {{United States Porpoise class submarine}}
{{August 1943 shipwrecks}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Porpoise (Ss-172)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Porpoise (Ss-172)}}
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Latest revision as of 02:06, 5 November 2024

Submarine of the United States For other ships with the same name, see USS Porpoise.

USS Porpoise (SS-172)
History
United States
BuilderPortsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, Maine
Laid down27 October 1933
Launched20 June 1935
Commissioned15 August 1935
Decommissioned15 November 1945
Recommissioned8 May 1947
Stricken13 August 1956
FateSold for scrap 14 May 1957
General characteristics
Class and typePorpoise-class diesel-electric submarine
Displacement1,310 long tons (1,330 t) standard, surfaced, 1,934 long tons (1,965 t) submerged
Length283 ft 0 in (86.26 m) (waterline), 301 ft 0 in (91.74 m) (overall)
Beam24 ft 11+3⁄4 in (7.614 m)
Draft13 ft 10 in (4.22 m)
Propulsion
Speed19 kn (35 km/h) surfaced, 8 kn (15 km/h) submerged
Range6,000 nmi (11,000 km) at 10 kn (19 km/h), 22,000 nmi (41,000 km) @ 8 kn (15 km/h) with fuel in the main ballast tanks, (bunkerage 93,129 US gallons (352,530 L) maximum, 89,945 US gallons (340,480 L) typical, 1944)
Endurance10 hours @ 5 kn (9.3 km/h), 36 hours at minimum speed submerged
Test depth250 ft (76 m)
Complement5 officers, 9 chief petty officers, 42 enlisted (1944)
Armament6 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, two aft; 16 torpedoes), (two external bow tubes added 1942), 1 × 3 in (76 mm)/50 cal deck gun, 2 × 0.3 cal (7.62 mm) machineguns

USS Porpoise (SS–172), the fifth United States Navy ship to bear her name, was the lead ship of her class of submarines.

Construction and commissioning

Porpoise was laid down at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, on 27 October 1933. She was launched on 20 June 1935, sponsored by Miss Eva Croft, and commissioned on 15 August 1935, Lieutenant Commander Stuart S. Murray in command.

Service history

Inter-War Period

After shakedown, Porpoise transited the Panama Canal and joined the Pacific Fleet at San Diego on 1 September 1936. After gunnery and torpedo practice off the west coast of the United States, she participated in Fleet Problem XVIII in the Hawaiian area, April–May 1937, and toward the end of the year underwent extensive overhaul at Mare Island Navy Yard. In January 1938, she returned to Pearl Harbor for fleet exercises, and on 19 November 1939 got underway for Manila to join the Asiatic Fleet. From December 1939-December 1941, she was engaged in various exercises with Submarines, Asiatic Fleet.

World War II

At the outbreak of the war with Japan with the japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, Porpoise, commanded by Joseph A. Callaghan, was at Olongapo in the Philippine Islands, undergoing a refit. With all four main engines being overhauled and her entire after battery out, the required work was accomplished in record time. She moved to Manila on 20 December, and two days later was underway on her first war patrol - which lasted from 22 December 1941 to 31 January 1942 - in Lingayen Gulf and the South China Sea off French Indochina. Retiring by way of Balikpapan, Borneo, where the Dutch were demolishing their oil wells, Porpoise attacked two ships without result before ending her patrol at Surabaya, Java.

Conducting her second war patrol in the Netherlands East Indies from 9 February to 30 March 1942, Porpoise scored on a cargo ship before anchoring at Fremantle, Western Australia. Then, with the ultimate destination of Pearl Harbor, she returned to the Netherlands East Indies for her third war patrol, which lasted from 26 April to 17 June 1942. She made one unsuccessful attack on a cargo ship and rescued five airmen off the enemy held island of Ju before heading out across the Pacific.

After a major overhaul at Mare Island, Porpoise departed Pearl Harbor for her fourth war patrol - from 30 November 1942 to 15 January 1943 - off the coast of Honshū, Japan. On 1 January 1943, she sank Renzan Maru, then set course for Midway where she completed the patrol. Her fifth war patrol - which lasted from 6 February to 15 April 1943 - off Jaluit Atoll, was highlighted by the sinking of Koa Maru on 4 April.

After refit at Pearl Harbor, Porpoise sailed on her sixth patrol - which lasted from 20 June to 28 July 1943 - performing reconnaissance of Taroa Island and in the Marshall Islands. Scoring hits on two cargo ships early in her patrol, she then sank Mikage Maru No. 20 on 19 July 1943 before returning to Pearl Harbor.

Due to leaky fuel oil tanks Porpoise departed Pearl Harbor on 12 August 1943 bound for New London, Connecticut, where she was to be used as a training vessel. During her voyage, an Allied tanker mistakenly opened gunfire on her in the Pacific Ocean on 13 August 1943, but Porpoise maneuvered away southward on the surface and sustained no damage. She arrived at New London in September 1943, and interrupted only for overhaul at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from May to June 1944, she served on training duty there until inactivated. She decommissioned on 15 November 1945 at Boston, Massachusetts, and remained in reserve until 8 May 1947, when she was placed in service and assigned to the 8th Naval District. For the next nine years she trained United States Naval Reserve personnel in the Houston, Texas, area. Stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 13 August 1956, she was sold for scrap to Southern Scrap Material Company, Ltd., of New Orleans, Louisiana, on 14 May 1957.

Awards

References

Citations

  1. ^ Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
  2. ^ Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 268–269. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
  3. ^ U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
  4. Lenton, H. T. American Submarines (New York: Doubleday, 1973), p.39.
  5. ^ Lenton, p.39.
  6. Alden, John D., Commander, USN (retired). The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979), p.210.
  7. ^ Alden, p.210.
  8. U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp.261–263
  9. Alden, p.211.
  10. ^ Alden, p.58.
  11. Hinman & Campbell, p. 158.

Bibliography

Porpoise-class submarines
P-1 type
P-3 type
P-5 type
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in August 1943
Shipwrecks
Other incidents
1942 1943 1944
July 1943 September 1943
Categories: