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Revision as of 02:30, 22 September 2011 editEmausBot (talk | contribs)Bots, Template editors2,859,937 editsm r2.6.4) (Robot: Modifying ar:بولولان← Previous edit Latest revision as of 05:10, 16 October 2024 edit undoCrafterNova (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users16,640 edits all polysaccharides are polymers by definition. it is redundant to say "polysaccharide polymer"Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit 
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{{chembox {{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 444074656
| Watchedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 451781241
| ImageFile = Pullulan.png | ImageFile = Pullulan.png
| ImageSize = | ImageSize =
| IUPACName = | IUPACName =
| OtherNames = E1204 | OtherNames = E1204
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 9057-02-7 | CASNo = 9057-02-7
| EINECS = 232-945-1 | EINECS = 232-945-1
| PubChem = | PubChem =
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = none
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 8ZQ0AYU1TT | UNII = 8ZQ0AYU1TT
| SMILES = }} | SMILES = }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<sub>n</sub> | Formula = (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<sub>n</sub>
| MolarMass = | MolarMass =
| Appearance = White powder | Appearance = White powder
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| BoilingPt = | BoilingPt =
| Solubility = Soluble}} | Solubility = Soluble}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = | MainHazards =
| FlashPt = | FlashPt =
| Autoignition = }} | AutoignitionPt = }}
}} }}


'''Pullulan''' is a ] ] consisting of ] units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-]'. Three ] units in maltotriose are connected by an α-1,4 ], whereas consecutive maltotriose units are connected to each other by an α-1,6 ]. Pullulan is produced from ] by the ] '']''. '''Pullulan''' is a ] consisting of ] units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-]'. Three ] units in maltotriose are connected by an α-1,4 ], whereas consecutive maltotriose units are connected to each other by an α-1,6 ]. Pullulan is produced from ] by the ] '']''. Pullulan is mainly used by the cell to resist ] and ]. The presence of this polysaccharide also facilitates diffusion of molecules both into and out of the cell.<ref name=Rehm>{{cite book |author=Rehm B.H.A |year=2009 |title=Microbial production of biopolymers and polymers precursors |page=230 |publisher=Caister Academic Press }}</ref>
⚫ As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or ] products such as ] Cool Mint of Johnson and Johnson (USA) and Meltz Super Thin Mints of Avery Bio-Tech Private Ltd. (India). Pullulan and ] can also be used as a ] substitute for drug capsules, rather than gelatine. As a ], it is known by the ] E1204.


Pullulan has also be explored as natural polymeric ] to fabricated ] scaffold for ] ],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fricain |first1=Jean Christophe |last2=Schlaubitz |first2=Silke |last3=Le Visage |first3=Catherine |last4=Arnault |first4=Isabelle |last5=Derkaoui |first5=Sidi Mohammed |last6=Siadous |first6=Robin |last7=Catros |first7=Sylvain |last8=Lalande |first8=Charlotte |last9=Bareille |first9=Reine |last10=Renard |first10=Martine |last11=Fabre |first11=Thierry |last12=Cornet |first12=Sandro |last13=Durand |first13=Marlène |last14=Léonard |first14=Alain |last15=Sahraoui |first15=Nouredine |date=2013-04-01 |title=A nano-hydroxyapatite – Pullulan/dextran polysaccharide composite macroporous material for bone tissue engineering |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014296121300077X |journal=Biomaterials |language=en |volume=34 |issue=12 |pages=2947–2959 |doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.049 |pmid=23375393 |issn=0142-9612}}</ref> ] tissue engineering,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Feng |last2=Yu |first2=Songrui |last3=Liu |first3=Bing |last4=Ni |first4=Yunzhou |last5=Yu |first5=Chunyang |last6=Su |first6=Yue |last7=Zhu |first7=Xinyuan |last8=Yu |first8=Xiaowei |last9=Zhou |first9=Yongfeng |last10=Yan |first10=Deyue |date=2016-01-28 |title=An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=20014 |doi=10.1038/srep20014 |pmid=26817622 |issn=2045-2322|pmc=4730219 |bibcode=2016NatSR...620014C }}</ref> and ] regeneration.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Henry |first1=Nina |last2=Clouet |first2=Johann |last3=Fragale |first3=Audrey |last4=Griveau |first4=Louise |last5=Chédeville |first5=Claire |last6=Véziers |first6=Joëlle |last7=Weiss |first7=Pierre |last8=Le Bideau |first8=Jean |last9=Guicheux |first9=Jérôme |last10=Le Visage |first10=Catherine |date=2017-01-01 |title=Pullulan microbeads/Si-HPMC hydrogel injectable system for the sustained delivery of GDF-5 and TGF-β1: new insight into intervertebral disc regenerative medicine |journal=Drug Delivery |language=en |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=999–1010 |doi=10.1080/10717544.2017.1340362 |issn=1071-7544 |pmc=8241148 |pmid=28645219}}</ref>
⚫ As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or ] products such as ] Cool Mint. As a ], it is known by the ] E1204.


==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*]


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}}
* (abstract) * (abstract)
* *
* {{MeshName|pullulan}} * {{MeshName|pullulan}}
* *
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] ]
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{{biotech-stub}} {{biotech-stub}}


== Further reading ==
]

]
* Saman Zarei; Faramarz Khodaiyan; Seyed Saeid Hosseini; John F. Kennedy. (October 2020) . ''Applied Food Biotechnology'', Vol. 7 No. 4 (2020), 18 August 2020 , Page 263-272. https://doi.org/10.22037/afb.v7i4.29747
]
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Latest revision as of 05:10, 16 October 2024

Pullulan
Names
Other names E1204
Identifiers
CAS Number
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.938 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 232-945-1
E number E1204 (additional chemicals)
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Properties
Chemical formula (C6H10O5)n
Appearance White powder
Solubility in water Soluble
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Pullulan is a polysaccharide consisting of maltotriose units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-glucan'. Three glucose units in maltotriose are connected by an α-1,4 glycosidic bond, whereas consecutive maltotriose units are connected to each other by an α-1,6 glycosidic bond. Pullulan is produced from starch by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. Pullulan is mainly used by the cell to resist desiccation and predation. The presence of this polysaccharide also facilitates diffusion of molecules both into and out of the cell.

As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or oral hygiene products such as Listerine Cool Mint of Johnson and Johnson (USA) and Meltz Super Thin Mints of Avery Bio-Tech Private Ltd. (India). Pullulan and HPMC can also be used as a vegetarian substitute for drug capsules, rather than gelatine. As a food additive, it is known by the E number E1204.

Pullulan has also be explored as natural polymeric biomaterials to fabricated injectable scaffold for bone tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, and intervertebral disc regeneration.

See also

References

  1. Rehm B.H.A (2009). Microbial production of biopolymers and polymers precursors. Caister Academic Press. p. 230.
  2. Fricain, Jean Christophe; Schlaubitz, Silke; Le Visage, Catherine; Arnault, Isabelle; Derkaoui, Sidi Mohammed; Siadous, Robin; Catros, Sylvain; Lalande, Charlotte; Bareille, Reine; Renard, Martine; Fabre, Thierry; Cornet, Sandro; Durand, Marlène; Léonard, Alain; Sahraoui, Nouredine (2013-04-01). "A nano-hydroxyapatite – Pullulan/dextran polysaccharide composite macroporous material for bone tissue engineering". Biomaterials. 34 (12): 2947–2959. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.049. ISSN 0142-9612. PMID 23375393.
  3. Chen, Feng; Yu, Songrui; Liu, Bing; Ni, Yunzhou; Yu, Chunyang; Su, Yue; Zhu, Xinyuan; Yu, Xiaowei; Zhou, Yongfeng; Yan, Deyue (2016-01-28). "An Injectable Enzymatically Crosslinked Carboxymethylated Pullulan/Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Engineering". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 20014. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620014C. doi:10.1038/srep20014. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4730219. PMID 26817622.
  4. Henry, Nina; Clouet, Johann; Fragale, Audrey; Griveau, Louise; Chédeville, Claire; Véziers, Joëlle; Weiss, Pierre; Le Bideau, Jean; Guicheux, Jérôme; Le Visage, Catherine (2017-01-01). "Pullulan microbeads/Si-HPMC hydrogel injectable system for the sustained delivery of GDF-5 and TGF-β1: new insight into intervertebral disc regenerative medicine". Drug Delivery. 24 (1): 999–1010. doi:10.1080/10717544.2017.1340362. ISSN 1071-7544. PMC 8241148. PMID 28645219.
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