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| {{Short description|System for hand evaluation in contract bridge}} | |||
| {{db-nocontext}} | |||
| In ], the '''honor point count''' is a system for ]. | |||
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| {{TOC right}} | |||
| ⚫ | == Balanced hands == | ||
| ⚫ | == Balanced hands == | ||
| A balanced hand might be considered the one who lacks a void or a singleton, having no more than five cards in a specific suit. | |||
| A balanced hand contains no voids or singletons, at most one doubleton and not more than five cards in any suit. Hand patterns fitting these criteria are 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2 and 5-3-3-2 and represent 47.6% of all possible deals. Hands with a 5-4-2-2 pattern are considered semi-balanced and if included in the criteria for balanced hands would raise the probability of being dealt one of the four hand patterns to 58.2%. | |||
| It also was common to consider out of this range those five-four hands, but modern conventions might deal with a 5-4-2-2 hand | |||
| increasing the frequency of the 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2 and 5-3-3-2 strain from 47.5% to 58.1%. | |||
| It is common practice, whatever the type of contract bridge played, to assign points to the 4 higher honors in each suit in order to evaluate one's hand. This points are called High Card Points (HCP) and are an aproximation of the real value, and they are: | |||
| A common practice is to assign values to the four higher honors, called High Card Points (HCP) which are a rough estimate of the real value of those cards in a notrump contract: | |||
| *Ace = 4 HCP | *Ace = 4 HCP | ||
| *King = 3 HCP | *King = 3 HCP | ||
| Line 14: | Line 11: | ||
| *Jack = 1 HCP | *Jack = 1 HCP | ||
| This evaluation method was |
This evaluation method was adapted from ] by ] and first published in 1915; after opposing it for 15 years, ] accepted and published it in 1929. Today the 4-3-2-1 method is known worldwide as the "Work Point Count" or "Milton Work Point Count.<ref name="Point count">Bridge classic and modern conventions, vol I, Niku Kantar & Dan Dimitrescu, Magnus Lundqvist, 2001, {{ISBN|91-631-1099-7}}</ref> | ||
| === Four Aces === | === Four Aces === | ||
| ⚫ | In the early thirties ], later author of the Schenken system, formed a successful team called the "Four Aces", together with ], ] (later replaced by ]) and ] (who later changed his name to ]). They devised an evaluation method of 3-2-1-0.5, totaling 26 HCP.<ref name="Point count"/> | ||
| ⚫ | In the early thirties Howard Schenken, author of the Schenken system formed a |
||
| === One over one === | === One over one === | ||
| ⚫ | George Reith devised another count method about 1927, in which the 10 was assigned 1 point. To maintain proportionality the points assigned were 6-4-3-2-1, making a total of 64.<ref name="Point count"/> | ||
| === Vienna === | |||
| ⚫ | George Reith devised another count method |
||
| ⚫ | The Vienna System was popular among Austrian players before World War II. In 1935 Dr. Paul Stern devised the Vienna system using the Bamberger scale, which ran 7-5-3-1 with no value assigned to the 10.<ref name="Point count"/> | ||
| the points asigned were 6-4-3-2-1, making a total of 64.<ref>name="Point count"</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | In fact, if we consider that a deck has 13 tricks, and that Aces and Kings win most of the tricks, the evaluation of 4 for an Ace is an undervaluation. Real Ace value is around 4.25, a King is around 3, a queen less than 2. But the simplicity of the 4-3-2-1 count is evident, and the solution to better evaluate is to rectify the total value of the hand after adding the MW points. | ||
| === |
=== Adjustments to MW count === | ||
| ⚫ | The Vienna System was popular among |
||
| ⚫ | In fact, if we consider that a deck has 13 tricks, and that Aces and Kings win most of the tricks, the evaluation of 4 for an Ace is |
||
| === Adjustments to MK count === | |||
| ==== Honors adjustments ==== | ==== Honors adjustments ==== | ||
| * |
* Concentration of honors in a suit increases the value of the hand. | ||
| * |
* Honors in the long suits increase the value of the hand. Conversely, honors in the short suits decrease the value of the hand. | ||
| * Intermediate honors |
* Intermediate honors increase the value of the hand, say KQJ98 is far more valuable than KQ432 | ||
| * Unsupported honors |
* Unsupported honors count less as they have much less chance to win a trick or to promote tricks. The adjustment made is as follows: | ||
| *: count 2 HCP instead of 3 for a singleton K | *: count 2 HCP instead of 3 for a singleton K | ||
| *: count 1 HCP instead of 2 for a singleton Q | *: count 1 HCP instead of 2 for a singleton Q | ||
| *: count 0 HCP instead of 1 for a singleton J or even Jx | *: count 0 HCP instead of 1 for a singleton J or even Jx | ||
| *: decrease 1 point the value of unsupported honor combinations: AJ, KQ, KJ, QJ | *: decrease 1 point the value of unsupported doubleton honor combinations: AJ, KQ, KJ, QJ | ||
| ==== Distributional adjustments ==== | ==== Distributional adjustments ==== | ||
| * deduct 1 HCP for a 4333 |
* deduct 1 HCP for a 4333 distribution | ||
| * add 1 HCP for having AAAA, i.e., first control in all suits. | * add 1 HCP for having AAAA, i.e., first control in all suits. | ||
| * add 1 point for a good five-card suit | * add 1 point for a good five-card suit (three honors) | ||
| == Unbalanced hands == | == Unbalanced hands == | ||
| ⚫ | The balanced HCP count loses weight as the distribution becomes more and more unbalanced. Unbalanced hands are divided in 3 groups: one-suited, two-suited and three-suited hands. Three-suited hands are evaluated counting HCP and distributional points, DP. The distributional points show the potential of the hand to take low-card tricks including long-suit tricks or short-suit tricks (ruffing tricks). Opener's DP count are less valuable as responders because usually trumping in the long side does not add tricks to the total number of tricks. | ||
| The balanced HCP count loses weight s the distribution becomes more and more unbalanced. | |||
| Unbalanced hands are divided in 3 groups: one-suited, two-suited and three-suited hands. | |||
| ⚫ | three-suited hands are |
||
| Distributional hand values | Distributional hand values | ||
| * doubleton 1 points | * doubleton 1 points | ||
| * Singleton 2 points | * Singleton 2 points | ||
| * Void 3 points |
* Void 3 points | ||
| ⚫ | On the other hand, dummy contributes with additional tricks when declarer ruff with table's trumps. Therefore the distributional values of dummy shortage, assuming there is good trump support, is: | ||
| ⚫ | On the other hand, dummy contributes with additional tricks when declarer ruff with table's trumps. Therefore, the distributional values of dummy shortage, assuming there is good trump support, is: | ||
| * doubleton 1 point | * doubleton 1 point | ||
| * singleton 3 points | * singleton 3 points | ||
| * void 5 points | * void 5 points | ||
| Two-suited hands lacking a six- |
Two-suited hands lacking a six-length suit (5422, 5431, 5521, 5530) are evaluated as above. | ||
| More distributional hands, such as 6511, 6520, 6610 |
More distributional hands, such as 6511, 6520, 6610, are better evaluated with the method used for the one-suited hands, that is, counting playing tricks. One-suited hands are evaluated according to the number of winners and/or the number of losers in the long suit (AKQ) and the number of winners/losers in the side suit. | ||
| One-suited hands are evaluated according to the number of winners and/or the number of losers in the long suit (AKQ) and the number of winners/losers in the side suit. | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
| {{WPCBIndex}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| == Categories == | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:03, 10 May 2022
System for hand evaluation in contract bridgeIn contract bridge, the honor point count is a system for hand evaluation.
Balanced hands
A balanced hand contains no voids or singletons, at most one doubleton and not more than five cards in any suit. Hand patterns fitting these criteria are 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2 and 5-3-3-2 and represent 47.6% of all possible deals. Hands with a 5-4-2-2 pattern are considered semi-balanced and if included in the criteria for balanced hands would raise the probability of being dealt one of the four hand patterns to 58.2%.
A common practice is to assign values to the four higher honors, called High Card Points (HCP) which are a rough estimate of the real value of those cards in a notrump contract:
- Ace = 4 HCP
- King = 3 HCP
- Queen = 2 HCP
- Jack = 1 HCP
This evaluation method was adapted from Auction Pitch by Bryant McCampbell and first published in 1915; after opposing it for 15 years, Milton Work accepted and published it in 1929. Today the 4-3-2-1 method is known worldwide as the "Work Point Count" or "Milton Work Point Count.
Four Aces
In the early thirties Howard Schenken, later author of the Schenken system, formed a successful team called the "Four Aces", together with Oswald Jacoby, Michael T. Gottlieb (later replaced by Richard Frey) and David Burnstine (who later changed his name to David Bruce). They devised an evaluation method of 3-2-1-0.5, totaling 26 HCP.
One over one
George Reith devised another count method about 1927, in which the 10 was assigned 1 point. To maintain proportionality the points assigned were 6-4-3-2-1, making a total of 64.
Vienna
The Vienna System was popular among Austrian players before World War II. In 1935 Dr. Paul Stern devised the Vienna system using the Bamberger scale, which ran 7-5-3-1 with no value assigned to the 10.
In fact, if we consider that a deck has 13 tricks, and that Aces and Kings win most of the tricks, the evaluation of 4 for an Ace is an undervaluation. Real Ace value is around 4.25, a King is around 3, a queen less than 2. But the simplicity of the 4-3-2-1 count is evident, and the solution to better evaluate is to rectify the total value of the hand after adding the MW points.
Adjustments to MW count
Honors adjustments
- Concentration of honors in a suit increases the value of the hand.
- Honors in the long suits increase the value of the hand. Conversely, honors in the short suits decrease the value of the hand.
- Intermediate honors increase the value of the hand, say KQJ98 is far more valuable than KQ432
- Unsupported honors count less as they have much less chance to win a trick or to promote tricks. The adjustment made is as follows:
- count 2 HCP instead of 3 for a singleton K
- count 1 HCP instead of 2 for a singleton Q
- count 0 HCP instead of 1 for a singleton J or even Jx
- decrease 1 point the value of unsupported doubleton honor combinations: AJ, KQ, KJ, QJ
Distributional adjustments
- deduct 1 HCP for a 4333 distribution
- add 1 HCP for having AAAA, i.e., first control in all suits.
- add 1 point for a good five-card suit (three honors)
Unbalanced hands
The balanced HCP count loses weight as the distribution becomes more and more unbalanced. Unbalanced hands are divided in 3 groups: one-suited, two-suited and three-suited hands. Three-suited hands are evaluated counting HCP and distributional points, DP. The distributional points show the potential of the hand to take low-card tricks including long-suit tricks or short-suit tricks (ruffing tricks). Opener's DP count are less valuable as responders because usually trumping in the long side does not add tricks to the total number of tricks.
Distributional hand values
- doubleton 1 points
- Singleton 2 points
- Void 3 points
On the other hand, dummy contributes with additional tricks when declarer ruff with table's trumps. Therefore, the distributional values of dummy shortage, assuming there is good trump support, is:
- doubleton 1 point
- singleton 3 points
- void 5 points
Two-suited hands lacking a six-length suit (5422, 5431, 5521, 5530) are evaluated as above. More distributional hands, such as 6511, 6520, 6610, are better evaluated with the method used for the one-suited hands, that is, counting playing tricks. One-suited hands are evaluated according to the number of winners and/or the number of losers in the long suit (AKQ) and the number of winners/losers in the side suit.
References
- ^ Bridge classic and modern conventions, vol I, Niku Kantar & Dan Dimitrescu, Magnus Lundqvist, 2001, ISBN 91-631-1099-7