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| {{Short description|Species of hornwort}} | |||
| {{Taxobox | |||
| {{Speciesbox | |||
| | image = Phaeoceros laevis.jpg | | image = Phaeoceros laevis.jpg | ||
| | image_caption = | | image_caption = | ||
| ⚫ | | genus = Phaeoceros | ||
| | image_width = | |||
| | |
| species = laevis | ||
| ⚫ | | authority = (]) ] | ||
| | divisio = ] | |||
| | classis = ] | |||
| | ordo = ] | |||
| | familia = ] | |||
| ⚫ | | genus = |
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| | species = '''''P. laevis''''' | |||
| | binomial = ''Phaeoceros laevis'' | |||
| ⚫ | | |
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| | synonyms_ref = | | synonyms_ref = | ||
| | synonyms = ''Anthoceros laevis'' <small>]</small> | | synonyms = ''Anthoceros laevis'' <small>]</small> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ⚫ | '''''Phaeoceros laevis''''' is a species of ] of the genus '']''. It is commonly found in areas where moisture is plentiful, such as moist soils in fields, the banks of streams and rivers or inundated beneath the surface of the rivers.<ref name="Isaac">{{cite journal |
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| ⚫ | '''''Phaeoceros laevis''''', the '''smooth hornwort''',<ref name=BBS>{{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Sean R.|date=2012|title=English Names for British Bryophytes|journal=Special Volume - British Bryological Society|location=Wootton, Northampton|publisher=British Bryological Society|isbn=978-0-9561310-2-7|issn=0268-8034|series=British Bryological Society Special Volume|volume=5|edition=4}}</ref> is a species of ] of the genus '']''. It is commonly found in areas where moisture is plentiful, such as moist soils in fields, the banks of streams and rivers or inundated beneath the surface of the rivers.<ref name="Isaac">{{cite journal|author=Isaac, Ivor | year=1941 | title=The Structure of ''Anthoceros laevis'' in relation to its Water Supply | journal=Annals of Botany |series=New Series | volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=339–352 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087397 }}</ref> It grows to a maximum height of about 5 millimetres and the plants are ]; the sex organs are visible on the dorsal surface.<ref name="Isaac"/> | ||
| ⚫ | The ] is nearly flat on the upper surface. It is of dark green and somewhat lustrous color, devoid of intercellular spaces. Its capsule is commonly {{convert|6|inch}} to {{convert|18|inch}} in length. The base is surrounded by a cylindrical sheath that often flares at the mouth. Spores are yellow with a granular-papillose surface. The elaters are yellowish, often branches, and varying in size and form. The slender green capsules, when produced in large numbers, resemble grass tufts. Mature spores are necessary for species determination.<ref name="Britton1918">{{cite book|last=Britton|first=Nathaniel Lord|title=Flora of Bermuda|url= |
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| ⚫ | The ] is nearly flat on the upper surface. It is of dark green and somewhat lustrous color, devoid of intercellular spaces. Its capsule is commonly {{convert|6|inch}} to {{convert|18|inch}} in length. The base is surrounded by a cylindrical sheath that often flares at the mouth. Spores are yellow with a granular-papillose surface. The elaters are yellowish, often branches, and varying in size and form. The slender green capsules, when produced in large numbers, resemble grass tufts. Mature spores are necessary for species determination.<ref name="Britton1918">{{cite book|last=Britton|first=Nathaniel Lord|title=Flora of Bermuda|url=https://archive.org/details/floraofbermud00brit|access-date=22 April 2011|year=1918|publisher=C. Scribner's sons|pages=–}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | The ] of ''P. laevis'' has been subject to considerable study.<ref name="BalfourThaxter1948">{{cite book|last1=Balfour|first1=Isaac Bayley|last2=Thaxter|first2=Roland|last3=Blackman|first3=Vernon Herbert |
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| ⚫ | The ] of ''P. laevis'' has been subject to considerable study.<ref name="BalfourThaxter1948">{{cite book|last1=Balfour|first1=Isaac Bayley|last2=Thaxter|first2=Roland|last3=Blackman|first3=Vernon Herbert |title=Annals of Botany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtHzAAAAMAAJ|access-date=16 April 2011|year=1948|publisher=Academic Press|page=240}}</ref> In 1909, ] reported that the plant contained one chloroplast in each cell of the ] and two in each cell of the ].<ref name="Lander">{{cite journal|jstor=2436172|first=Caroline A. |last=Lander|title=The Relation of the Plastid to Nuclear Division in Anthoceros laevis|journal=]|volume=22|issue=1|date=January 1935|pages=42–51 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1935.tb05007.x }}</ref> The sporophyte is likened to an elongated spindle.<ref name="Isaac"/> Research conducted by ] in 1924 revealed that two plastids are present in a cell when it is undergoing cell division, of which according to ] may vary in size.<ref name="Lander"/> The ] of the species, much like '']'', are composed of two ] apposed end-to end, which are connected by a continuation of their cartwheel structures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jcb.rupress.org/content/44/2/454.full.pdf|author1=Moser, John W. |author2=Kreitner, Gerald L. |name-list-style=amp |title=Centrosome Structure in Anthoceros Laevis and Marchantia Polymorphia|publisher=Department of Botany, ]|date=February 1, 1970|access-date=16 April 2011}}</ref> | ||
| ]]] | ]]] | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{ |
{{Wikispecies}} | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| * {{cite journal|last=Proskauer|first=Johannes|year=1951|title=Studies on Anthocerotales. III. The genera ''Anthoceros'' and ''Phaeoceros''|journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club|volume=78|issue=4|pages=331–349}} | * {{cite journal|last=Proskauer|first=Johannes|year=1951|title=Studies on Anthocerotales. III. The genera ''Anthoceros'' and ''Phaeoceros''|journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club|volume=78|issue=4|pages=331–349|doi=10.2307/2481996|jstor=2481996}} | ||
| {{Taxonbar|from=Q3490169}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:59, 7 May 2021
Species of hornwort
| Phaeoceros laevis | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Anthocerotophyta |
| Class: | Anthocerotopsida |
| Order: | Notothyladales |
| Family: | Notothyladaceae |
| Genus: | Phaeoceros |
| Species: | P. laevis |
| Binomial name | |
| Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk. | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Anthoceros laevis L. | |
Phaeoceros laevis, the smooth hornwort, is a species of hornwort of the genus Phaeoceros. It is commonly found in areas where moisture is plentiful, such as moist soils in fields, the banks of streams and rivers or inundated beneath the surface of the rivers. It grows to a maximum height of about 5 millimetres and the plants are monoecious; the sex organs are visible on the dorsal surface.
The thallus is nearly flat on the upper surface. It is of dark green and somewhat lustrous color, devoid of intercellular spaces. Its capsule is commonly 6 inches (150 mm) to 18 inches (460 mm) in length. The base is surrounded by a cylindrical sheath that often flares at the mouth. Spores are yellow with a granular-papillose surface. The elaters are yellowish, often branches, and varying in size and form. The slender green capsules, when produced in large numbers, resemble grass tufts. Mature spores are necessary for species determination.
The cytology of P. laevis has been subject to considerable study. In 1909, Lotsy reported that the plant contained one chloroplast in each cell of the gametophyte and two in each cell of the sporophyte. The sporophyte is likened to an elongated spindle. Research conducted by Lorbeer in 1924 revealed that two plastids are present in a cell when it is undergoing cell division, of which according to McAllister may vary in size. The centrosomes of the species, much like Marchantia polymorpha, are composed of two centrioles apposed end-to end, which are connected by a continuation of their cartwheel structures.
References
- Edwards, Sean R. (2012). English Names for British Bryophytes. British Bryological Society Special Volume. Vol. 5 (4 ed.). Wootton, Northampton: British Bryological Society. ISBN 978-0-9561310-2-7. ISSN 0268-8034.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ Isaac, Ivor (1941). "The Structure of Anthoceros laevis in relation to its Water Supply". Annals of Botany. New Series. 5 (2): 339–352. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087397.
- Britton, Nathaniel Lord (1918). Flora of Bermuda. C. Scribner's sons. pp. 469–. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- Balfour, Isaac Bayley; Thaxter, Roland; Blackman, Vernon Herbert (1948). Annals of Botany. Academic Press. p. 240. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- ^ Lander, Caroline A. (January 1935). "The Relation of the Plastid to Nuclear Division in Anthoceros laevis". American Journal of Botany. 22 (1): 42–51. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1935.tb05007.x. JSTOR 2436172.
- Moser, John W. & Kreitner, Gerald L. (February 1, 1970). "Centrosome Structure in Anthoceros Laevis and Marchantia Polymorphia" (PDF). Department of Botany, University of Illinois. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
- Proskauer, Johannes (1951). "Studies on Anthocerotales. III. The genera Anthoceros and Phaeoceros". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 78 (4): 331–349. doi:10.2307/2481996. JSTOR 2481996.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Phaeoceros laevis |
|
| Anthoceros laevis | |