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{{Short description|Ancient Indian sage or seer}}
{{about|the title|the film|Maharshi (film)}}
{{Redirect|Maharshi|the 1987 film|Maharshi (1987 film)|the 2008 film|Maharshi (2008 film)|the 2019 film|Maharshi (2019 film)}}


'''Maharishi''' ({{langx|sa|महर्षि|lit=great seer}}, {{IAST3|Maharṣi}}) is a ] word used for members of the highest order of ancient Indian sages, popularly known in India as "seers", i.e., those who engage in research to understand and experience ], ], and the divine context of existence, and these experiences' governing laws.
'''Maharishi''' (noun, mah-huh-ree-shee) is the anglicized version of the ] word Maharshi महर्षि (mahā meaning "great" and ṛṣi meaning "seer"). Maharishi is often used as an addition to a person's name as an honorary title. The term was first seen in modern English literature in the 18th century . <ref> Retrieved November 2011 </ref>

==Etymology==
''Maharishi'' is derived from ] {{transliteration|sa|ISO|maharṣi}}. It is formed from {{transliteration|sa|ISO|mahā}}, meaning "great", and ], meaning "saint" or "seer".<ref>{{Cite web|title=MW Cologne Scan|url=https://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/2014/web/webtc/servepdf.php?dict=mw&page=0226|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de}}</ref>


==Description and usage== ==Description and usage==
Maharishi may refer to a ] guru or "spiritual teacher" of "mystical knowledge". Additional meanings cited by dictionaries include: sage, poet, spiritual leader, wise man and holy man.<ref name= "Brewers Dict"> Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2009) Retrieved November 9 2011</ref><ref>In Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary (2004) Retrieved November 2011</ref><ref> Collins German Dictionary (2007) Retrieved November 2011</ref><ref>Drury, Nevill (2002) Watkins Publishing, ''The dictionary of the esoteric: 3000 entries on the mystical and occult'', page 200</ref><ref>Luck, Steve (1998) publisher: George Philip Ltd, ''The American desk encyclopedia'', page 499</ref><ref> Retrieved Nov 2011</ref><ref> Retrieved Nov 2011</ref> ''Maharshi'' may also refer to "seers" or "sages" in India.<ref name= "Brewers Dict">Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2009) Retrieved November 9, 2011</ref><ref>In Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary (2004) Retrieved November 2011</ref><ref>Collins German Dictionary (2007) Retrieved November 2011</ref><ref>Drury, Nevill (2002) Watkins Publishing, ''The dictionary of the esoteric: 3000 entries on the mystical and occult'', page 200</ref><ref>Luck, Steve (1998) publisher: George Philip Ltd, ''The American desk encyclopedia'', page 499</ref><ref> Retrieved Nov 2011</ref><ref>{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Retrieved Nov 2011</ref> The term became popular in English literature "sometime before 1890" and was first used in 1758.<ref name="websters-online-dictionary.org"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118161631/http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Maharshi |date=2011-11-18 }} Retrieved November 2011</ref><ref> Retrieved November 2011</ref>


Alternate meanings describe Maharishi as a collective name that refers to the seven ]s or saptarishis (including ]) cited in the scriptures of ] and the ] or any of the several mythological seers that are referenced in Vedic writings and associated with the seven stars of the constellation Ursa Major.<ref> Retrieved Nov 2011</ref><ref> Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend (2002) Thames & Hudson, Retrieved November 2011 </ref> Alternate meanings describe ''Maharshi'' as a collective name that refers to the seven ]s or saptarishis (including ]) cited in the scriptures of ] and the ], or any of the several mythological seers that are referenced in Vedic writings and associated with the seven stars of the constellation Ursa Major.<ref> Retrieved Nov 2011</ref><ref>Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend (2002) Thames & Hudson, Retrieved November 2011</ref>


While some suggest that the only ones who can adopt the title are those who achieve the highest state of awareness in the path of evolution and completely understand the working of parabramha, note that unlike Tibetan tulkus, maharishis outside of textual listings are not ordained, conferred nor confirmed by major institutional agency, so that this title is not typically adopted but acclaimed by admirers or critics, whether individuals or organizations including those composed of worshippers or disciples. Similarly, Mohandas Gandhi's prevalent honorific of 'Mahatma', 'Great Soul', is not used in every instance which references him, rather it is accorded by a referrer as a courtesy based on either the referrer's judgment or in acceptance or deference to judgments by some of those familiar with the object individual's case. Furthermore, some also claim that Maharshis are capable of making others become saints as they impart knowledge of the working of the divine, though this is not a dogmatic expectation in each tradition which uses 'Maharshi' as a title.<ref name="websters-online-dictionary.org"/><ref name= "Brewers Dict"/>
Maharishi may refer to any individual who has added the title to their name.<ref> Retrieved November 2011 </ref> According to Brewers Dictionaary, outside of ], the most well known Maharishi was ]<ref name= "Brewers Dict"/> who founded the ] and made it available to the West.


] (1872-1950), usually referred as such as a humble honorific in contrast to individuals whose puissance is emphasized by reduplications such as 'Sri Sri', eschewed personal categorization as a modern Maharishi, however, is frequently accorded it by other pundits and by scholarly and spiritual observers.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Siyag |first1=Gurudev Shri Ramlalji |title=SRI AUROBINDO on GANDHI |url=https://the-comforter.org/en/sriaurobindo.html |website=the-comforter.org |publisher=Gurudev Siyag's Siddha Yoga |access-date=27 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Sanjeev |first1=Nayyar |title=SRI AUROBINDO on GANDHI |url=https://www.esamskriti.com/e/History/Great-Indian-Leaders/Sri-Aurobindo-On-Gandhi-1.aspx |website=eSamskriti.com |publisher=eSamskriti |access-date=26 December 2022}}</ref> Because Misplaced Pages's article on Sri Aurobindo describes him as a Maharishi, sites around the world which use Misplaced Pages's phrasing repeat this inclusion.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shiva |first1=Chaudhary |title=Revisiting Legacy Of Sri Aurobindo: Spiritual Reformer & Revolutionary Nationalist Of Indian Freedom Struggle |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/history/sri-aurobindo-birth-anniversary-37001 |website=The Logical Indian |publisher=The Logical Indian independent and public-spirited digital media platform for Indian millennials. |access-date=26 December 2022}}</ref>
⚫ ] (1879-1950) was an "Indian sage" with a philosophy about the path to self-knowledge and the integration of personality espoused in books by author ] and Ramana's own writings such as the ''Collected Works'' (1969) and ''Forty Verses on Reality'' (1978).<ref>In Chambers Biographical Dictionary (2007) Retrieved November 2011</ref>


⚫ ] (1879–1950) was an "Indian sage" with a philosophy about the path to self-knowledge and the integration of personality espoused in books by author ] and Ramana's own writings such as the ''Collected Works'' (1969) and ''Forty Verses on Reality'' (1978).<ref>In Chambers Biographical Dictionary (2007) Retrieved November 2011</ref>
⚫ The title was also used by Maharishi ], Maharishi ] and Maharishi ]. <ref name="Agarwal2008">{{cite book|author=J. Agarwal|title=I Am Proud to be a Hindu|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9hJjCz8COhMC&pg=PA191|accessdate=19 November 2011|date=15 September 2008|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=978-81-223-1022-1|pages=191–}}</ref><ref name="J.M.Mehta2005">{{cite book|author=J.M.Mehta|title=Essence of Maharishi Patanjali's Ashtang Yoga|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sEN1_K0TAoYC|accessdate=19 November 2011|date=22 December 2005|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=978-81-223-0921-8}}</ref><ref name="Mittal2006">{{cite book|author=J.P. Mittal|title=History of Ancient India: From 7300 BC to 4250 BC|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=b7gOBW8oDFgC&pg=PA270|accessdate=19 November 2011|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0615-4|pages=270–}}</ref>


] (1918–2008) was an Indian guru, known for developing the ] and for his association with ].
The term Maharishi became popular in modern English literature "sometime before 1890" and was first used in 1758. <ref> Retri3eved November 2011 </ref> <ref> Retrieved November 2011 </ref>


⚫ The title was also used by or credited to ], ] and ].<ref name="Agarwal2008">{{cite book|author=J. Agarwal|title=I Am Proud to be a Hindu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hJjCz8COhMC&pg=PA191 |access-date=19 November 2011|date=15 September 2008|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=978-81-223-1022-1|pages=191–}}</ref><ref name="J.M.Mehta2005">{{cite book|author=J.M.Mehta|title=Essence of Maharishi Patanjali's Ashtang Yoga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEN1_K0TAoYC|access-date=19 November 2011|date=22 December 2005|publisher=Pustak Mahal|isbn=978-81-223-0921-8}}</ref><ref name="Mittal2006">{{cite book|author=J.P. Mittal|title=History of Ancient India: From 7300 BC to 4250 BC|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7gOBW8oDFgC&pg=PA270|access-date=19 November 2011|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0615-4|pages=270–}}</ref>
Maharishi is also the name of a clothing company founded in London in 1994.<ref>[http://www.maharishistore.com/maharishi-history/ History of Maharishi (clothing)</ref>

==External links==
* by Vijay Kumar S Khatokar Bharatiya, chiefly extended classical list
* listed by Satsang-Darshan.com, intriguingly listing not only living Indian individuals but according Maharishi status to a small global list of advanced spiritual adepts who've developed through several religions.


==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*]



==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


] ]
]
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Latest revision as of 01:15, 7 November 2024

Ancient Indian sage or seer "Maharshi" redirects here. For the 1987 film, see Maharshi (1987 film). For the 2008 film, see Maharshi (2008 film). For the 2019 film, see Maharshi (2019 film).

Maharishi (Sanskrit: महर्षि, lit. 'great seer', IAST: Maharṣi) is a Sanskrit word used for members of the highest order of ancient Indian sages, popularly known in India as "seers", i.e., those who engage in research to understand and experience nature, divinity, and the divine context of existence, and these experiences' governing laws.

Etymology

Maharishi is derived from Sanskrit maharṣi. It is formed from mahā, meaning "great", and ṛṣi, meaning "saint" or "seer".

Description and usage

Maharshi may also refer to "seers" or "sages" in India. The term became popular in English literature "sometime before 1890" and was first used in 1758.

Alternate meanings describe Maharshi as a collective name that refers to the seven rishis or saptarishis (including Maharishi Bhrigu) cited in the scriptures of Rig Veda and the Puranas, or any of the several mythological seers that are referenced in Vedic writings and associated with the seven stars of the constellation Ursa Major.

While some suggest that the only ones who can adopt the title are those who achieve the highest state of awareness in the path of evolution and completely understand the working of parabramha, note that unlike Tibetan tulkus, maharishis outside of textual listings are not ordained, conferred nor confirmed by major institutional agency, so that this title is not typically adopted but acclaimed by admirers or critics, whether individuals or organizations including those composed of worshippers or disciples. Similarly, Mohandas Gandhi's prevalent honorific of 'Mahatma', 'Great Soul', is not used in every instance which references him, rather it is accorded by a referrer as a courtesy based on either the referrer's judgment or in acceptance or deference to judgments by some of those familiar with the object individual's case. Furthermore, some also claim that Maharshis are capable of making others become saints as they impart knowledge of the working of the divine, though this is not a dogmatic expectation in each tradition which uses 'Maharshi' as a title.

Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950), usually referred as such as a humble honorific in contrast to individuals whose puissance is emphasized by reduplications such as 'Sri Sri', eschewed personal categorization as a modern Maharishi, however, is frequently accorded it by other pundits and by scholarly and spiritual observers. Because Misplaced Pages's article on Sri Aurobindo describes him as a Maharishi, sites around the world which use Misplaced Pages's phrasing repeat this inclusion.

Ramana Maharshi (1879–1950) was an "Indian sage" with a philosophy about the path to self-knowledge and the integration of personality espoused in books by author Paul Brunton and Ramana's own writings such as the Collected Works (1969) and Forty Verses on Reality (1978).

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (1918–2008) was an Indian guru, known for developing the Transcendental Meditation technique and for his association with the Beatles.

The title was also used by or credited to Valmiki, Patanjali and Dayananda Sarasvati.

External links

See also

References

  1. "MW Cologne Scan". www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  2. ^ Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (2009) Retrieved November 9, 2011
  3. In Merriam-Webster's Collegiate(R) Dictionary (2004) Retrieved November 2011
  4. Collins German Dictionary (2007) Retrieved November 2011
  5. Drury, Nevill (2002) Watkins Publishing, The dictionary of the esoteric: 3000 entries on the mystical and occult, page 200
  6. Luck, Steve (1998) publisher: George Philip Ltd, The American desk encyclopedia, page 499
  7. Online Etymological Dictionary Retrieved Nov 2011
  8. Oxford Dictionary Retrieved Nov 2011
  9. ^ Websters Online Dictionary with Multilingual Thesaurus Translation Archived 2011-11-18 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved November 2011
  10. Merriam Webster M-W.com Retrieved November 2011
  11. Dictionary.com Retrieved Nov 2011
  12. Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend (2002) Thames & Hudson, Retrieved November 2011
  13. Siyag, Gurudev Shri Ramlalji. "SRI AUROBINDO on GANDHI". the-comforter.org. Gurudev Siyag's Siddha Yoga. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  14. Sanjeev, Nayyar. "SRI AUROBINDO on GANDHI". eSamskriti.com. eSamskriti. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  15. Shiva, Chaudhary. "Revisiting Legacy Of Sri Aurobindo: Spiritual Reformer & Revolutionary Nationalist Of Indian Freedom Struggle". The Logical Indian. The Logical Indian independent and public-spirited digital media platform for Indian millennials. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  16. In Chambers Biographical Dictionary (2007) Retrieved November 2011
  17. J. Agarwal (15 September 2008). I Am Proud to be a Hindu. Pustak Mahal. pp. 191–. ISBN 978-81-223-1022-1. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  18. J.M.Mehta (22 December 2005). Essence of Maharishi Patanjali's Ashtang Yoga. Pustak Mahal. ISBN 978-81-223-0921-8. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  19. J.P. Mittal (1 January 2006). History of Ancient India: From 7300 BC to 4250 BC. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 270–. ISBN 978-81-269-0615-4. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
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