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Boron triiodide: Difference between revisions

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{{chembox {{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 438585399
| Watchedfields = changed
⚫ |ImageFileL1=Boron triiodide.svg
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 477002768
|ImageSizeL1=120px
|ImageFileR1=Boron-triiodide-3D-vdW.png | ImageFileL1=Boron triiodide.svg
⚫ | ImageFileR1=Boron-triiodide-3D-vdW.png
|ImageSizeR1=120px
|IUPACName=triiodoborane | IUPACName=triiodoborane
|OtherNames= | OtherNames=
|Reference= <ref>{{RubberBible86th}}</ref> | Reference= <ref>{{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 75378 | ChemSpiderID = 75378
| InChI = 1/BI3/c2-1(3)4 | InChI = 1/BI3/c2-1(3)4
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey = YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo=13517-10-7 | CASNo=13517-10-7
| PubChem=83546 | PubChem=83546
| SMILES = IB(I)I | SMILES = IB(I)I
| RTECS = ED7400000
}} }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula=BI<sub>3</sub> | Formula=BI<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass=391.52 g/mol | MolarMass=391.52 g/mol
| Appearance= crystalline solid | Appearance= crystalline solid
| Density=3.35 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (50 °C) | Density=3.35 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (50 °C)
| MeltingPtC=49.9 | MeltingPtC=49.9
| BoilingPtC=210 | BoilingPtC=210
| Solubility= reacts | Solubility= soluble,hydrolysis
| SolubleOther = soluble in ], ], ], ]
| Dipole = 0D
⚫ }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = hexagonal
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = -37.2 kJ/mol
| Entropy = 200 J/mol K
| HeatCapacity = 71 J/mol K
}} }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards |Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| MainHazards= | MainHazards=
| FlashPt= -18 °C
| FlashPtC = -18
| Autoignition=
| AutoignitionPtC =
| NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0
}}
⚫ |Section8={{Chembox Related
⚫ | OtherCompounds = ]<br />]<br />]
}} }}
⚫ | Section8 = {{Chembox Related
⚫ | OtherCpds = ]<br/>]<br />]
}} }}
⚫ '''Boron triiodide''' is a ] of ] and ] with ] BI<sub>3</sub>. It has a ].
⚫ }}
⚫ '''Boron triiodide''' is a ] of ] and ] with ] BI<sub>3</sub>. It has a ]. It is a crystalline solid, which reacts vigorously with ] to from ]. Its ] is 5.38 and its ] is 40.5 kJ/mol.


==References== == Preparation ==
Boron triiodide can be prepared by the reaction of ] with ] at 209.5&nbsp;°C or 409.1&nbsp;°F.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
It can also be prepared by reacting hydroiodic acid with ]:

: {{chem2|3HI + BCl3 -> BI3 + 3HCl}} (reaction requires high temperature)

Another method is by reacting ] with iodine. As well as boron triiodide, this reaction also produces ], ] and ]:<ref name="brauer">{{Cite book |title=Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 |date=1978 |publisher=Enke |isbn=978-3-432-87813-3 |edition=3., umgearb. Aufl |location=Stuttgart}}</ref>

: {{chem2|3LiBH4 + 8I2 -> 3LiI + 3BI3 + 4H2 + 4HI}}

== Properties ==
In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beiträge zur Chemie der Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen |url=http://www-brs.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/netahtml/HSS/Diss/StangeBernd/diss.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923012029/http://www-brs.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/netahtml/HSS/Diss/StangeBernd/diss.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-23 |access-date=2023-09-19}}</ref> crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, ] ''P''6<sub>3</sub>''/m'' (space group no. 176)).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Albert |first=Barbara |last2=Schmitt |first2=Konny |date=May 2001 |title=Die Kristallstruktur von Bortriiodid, BI3 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:53.0.CO;2-J |journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie |language=de |volume=627 |issue=5 |pages=809–810 |doi=10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:5<809::AID-ZAAC809>3.0.CO;2-J |issn=0044-2313}}</ref> Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide.<ref name="brauer" />

Boron triiodide reacts with water and decomposes to boric acid and hydriodic acid:

: {{chem2|BI3 + 3H2O <-> B(OH)3 + 3HI}}

Its ] is 5.38 and its ] is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extremely high pressures, BI<sub>3</sub> becomes metallic at ~23 GPa and is a superconductor above ~27 GPa.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094506| title=Pressure-induced phase transition, metallization, and superconductivity in boron triiodide| journal=Physical Review B| volume=82| issue=9| pages=094506| year=2010| last1=Hamaya| first1=Nozomu| last2=Ishizuka| first2=Miyuki| last3=Onoda| first3=Suzue| last4=Guishan| first4=Jiang| last5=Ohmura| first5=Ayako| last6=Shimizu| first6=Katsuya| bibcode=2010PhRvB..82i4506H}}</ref>

== Applications ==
Boron triiodide can be used to produce other chemical compounds and as a ] (for example in ]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kohleverflüssigung – Innovations Report |url=https://www.innovations-report.de/fachgebiete/biowissenschaften-chemie/bericht-53763/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=www.innovations-report.de}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723041517/http://www.chemexper.net/specification_e/chemicals/supplier/cas/Boron%20triiodide.asp |date=2011-07-23 }} (link is broken)
⚫ {{Iodides}}
{{Boron compounds}} {{Boron compounds}}
⚫ {{Iodides}}


] ]
] ]
] ]

]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 21:21, 20 October 2023

Boron triiodide
Names
IUPAC name triiodoborane
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.492 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • ED7400000
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/BI3/c2-1(3)4Key: YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/BI3/c2-1(3)4Key: YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYAR
SMILES
  • IB(I)I
Properties
Chemical formula BI3
Molar mass 391.52 g/mol
Appearance crystalline solid
Density 3.35 g/cm (50 °C)
Melting point 49.9 °C (121.8 °F; 323.0 K)
Boiling point 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water soluble,hydrolysis
Solubility soluble in CCl4, CS2, benzene, chloroform
Dipole moment 0D
Structure
Crystal structure hexagonal
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C) 71 J/mol K
Std molar
entropy (S298) 		200 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH298) 		-37.2 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3 0 0
Flash point −18 °C (0 °F; 255 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS) Sigma-Aldrich
Related compounds
Related compounds Boron trifluoride
Boron trichloride
Boron tribromide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Boron triiodide is a chemical compound of boron and iodine with chemical formula BI3. It has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.

Preparation

Boron triiodide can be prepared by the reaction of boron with iodine at 209.5 °C or 409.1 °F. It can also be prepared by reacting hydroiodic acid with boron trichloride:

3HI + BCl3 → BI3 + 3HCl (reaction requires high temperature)

Another method is by reacting lithium borohydride with iodine. As well as boron triiodide, this reaction also produces lithium iodide, hydrogen and hydrogen iodide:

3LiBH4 + 8I2 → 3LiI + 3BI3 + 4H2 + 4HI

Properties

In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, space group P63/m (space group no. 176)). Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide.

Boron triiodide reacts with water and decomposes to boric acid and hydriodic acid:

BI3 + 3H2O ⇌ B(OH)3 + 3HI

Its dielectric constant is 5.38 and its heat of vaporization is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extremely high pressures, BI3 becomes metallic at ~23 GPa and is a superconductor above ~27 GPa.

Applications

Boron triiodide can be used to produce other chemical compounds and as a catalyst (for example in coal liquefaction).

References

  1. Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  2. ^ Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 (3., umgearb. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart: Enke. 1978. ISBN 978-3-432-87813-3.
  3. "Beiträge zur Chemie der Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-23. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
  4. Albert, Barbara; Schmitt, Konny (May 2001). "Die Kristallstruktur von Bortriiodid, BI3". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 627 (5): 809–810. doi:10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:5<809::AID-ZAAC809>3.0.CO;2-J. ISSN 0044-2313.
  5. Hamaya, Nozomu; Ishizuka, Miyuki; Onoda, Suzue; Guishan, Jiang; Ohmura, Ayako; Shimizu, Katsuya (2010). "Pressure-induced phase transition, metallization, and superconductivity in boron triiodide". Physical Review B. 82 (9): 094506. Bibcode:2010PhRvB..82i4506H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094506.
  6. "Kohleverflüssigung – Innovations Report". www.innovations-report.de. Retrieved 2023-09-19.

External links

Boron compounds
Boron pnictogenides
Boron halides
Acids
Boranes
Boron oxides and sulfides
Carbides
Organoboron compounds
Salts and covalent derivatives of the iodide ion
HI
+H 		He
LiI BeI2 BI3
+BO3 		CI4
+C 		NI3
NH4I
+N 		I2O4
I2O5
I2O6
I4O9 		IF
IF3
IF5
IF7 		Ne
NaI MgI2 AlI
AlI3 		SiI4 PI3
P2I4
+P
PI5 		S2I2 ICl
ICl3 		Ar
KI CaI2 ScI3 TiI2
TiI3
TiI4 		VI2
VI3 		CrI2
CrI3
CrI4 		MnI2 FeI2
FeI3 		CoI2 NiI2
-Ni 		CuI ZnI2 GaI
GaI3 		GeI2
GeI4
+Ge 		AsI3
As2I4
+As 		Se IBr
IBr3 		Kr
RbI
RbI3 		SrI2 YI3 ZrI2
ZrI3
ZrI4 		NbI4
NbI5 		MoI2
MoI3 		TcI3 RuI3 RhI3 PdI2 AgI CdI2 InI
InI3 		SnI2
SnI4 		SbI3
+Sb 		TeI4
+Te 		I
I
3 		Xe
CsI
CsI3 		BaI2   LuI3 HfI3
HfI4 		TaI4
TaI5 		WI2
WI3
WI4 		ReI3
ReI
4 		OsI
OsI2
OsI3 		IrI3
IrI
4 		PtI2
PtI4 		AuI
AuI3 		Hg2I2
HgI2 		TlI
TlI3 		PbI2 BiI3 PoI2
PoI4 		AtI Rn
Fr RaI2   Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
LaI2
LaI3 		CeI2
CeI3 		PrI2
PrI3 		NdI2
NdI3 		PmI3 SmI2
SmI3 		EuI2
EuI3 		GdI2
GdI3 		TbI3 DyI2
DyI
3 		HoI3 ErI3 TmI2
TmI3 		YbI2
YbI3
AcI3 ThI2
ThI3
ThI4 		PaI4
PaI5 		UI3
UI4 		NpI3 PuI3 AmI2
AmI3 		CmI3 BkI
3 		CfI
2
CfI
3 		EsI2
EsI3 		Fm Md No
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