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{{more citations needed|date=April 2012}} | |||
{{chembox | {{chembox | ||
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⚫ | | verifiedrevid = 477201253 | ||
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⚫ | | Name = 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane | ||
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⚫ | | Reference =<ref></ref> | ||
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| ImageFile = Heptafluorpropan.svg | |||
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⚫ | | ImageSize = 150px | ||
| ImageFile1 = FM-200-3D-vdW.png | |||
⚫ | | ImageName = The structure of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane | ||
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⚫ | | ImageFile1 = FM-200-3D-vdW.png | ||
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⚫ | | ImageSize1 = 150px | ||
| IUPACName = 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane | |||
| |
| ImageName1 = Heptafluoropropane | ||
⚫ | | PIN = 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane | ||
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| OtherNames = Heptafluoropropane<br />Apaflurane<br />HFC-227ea<br />R-227ea<br />HFC-227<br />FM-200 | |||
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⚫ | |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | ||
⚫ | | PubChem = 67940 | ||
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | |||
| ChEMBL = 2104472 | |||
| InChI = 1/C3HF7/c4-1(2(5,6)7)3(8,9)10/h1H | | InChI = 1/C3HF7/c4-1(2(5,6)7)3(8,9)10/h1H | ||
| InChIKey = YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYAL | | InChIKey = YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYAL | ||
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | ||
| UNII = R40P36GDK6 | | UNII = R40P36GDK6 | ||
| |
| SMILES = FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F | ||
| |
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ||
| ChemSpiderID=61257 | | ChemSpiderID =61257 | ||
| |
| CASNo = 431-89-0 | ||
| |
| UNNumber = UN3296 | ||
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} | |||
| KEGG = D10216 | |||
}} | }} | ||
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties | ||
| |
| Formula = C{{sub|3}}HF{{sub|7}} | ||
| |
| MolarMass = 170.03 g/mol | ||
| |
| Density = 1.46 g/cm{{sup|3}} at -16 °C | ||
| |
| MeltingPtC = -131 | ||
| MeltingPt_notes = | |||
| BoilingPt = -16.4 °C | |||
| BoilingPtC = -16.4 | |||
| BoilingPt_notes = | |||
}} | }} | ||
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ||
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| NFPA-H = 1 | ||
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| NFPA-F = 0 | ||
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| NFPA-R = 1 | ||
}} | |||
|Section8={{Chembox Related | |||
| OtherCompounds = ] | |||
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane''', also called '''heptafluoropropane''', '''HFC-227''' or ''' |
'''1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane''', also called '''heptafluoropropane''', '''HFC-227ea''' (] name), '''HFC-227''' or '''FM-200''', as well as '''apaflurane''' (]), is a colourless, odourless gaseous ] commonly used as a ] agent. | ||
==Chemistry== | ==Chemistry== | ||
Its chemical formula is {{ |
Its chemical formula is CF{{sub|3}}-CHF-CF{{sub|3}}, or C{{sub|3}}HF{{sub|7}}. With a boiling point of −16.4 °C, it is a gas at room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water (260 mg/L). | ||
==Use== | ==Use== | ||
HFC-227ea |
HFC-227ea is used in ]s that protect data processing and telecommunication facilities, and in fire suppression of many flammable liquids and gases. HFC-227ea is categorized as a Clean Agent and is governed by ''NFPA 2001 - Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems''. Effective fire suppression requires introducing a concentration of the HFC-227ea agent between 6.25% and 9% depending on the hazard being suppressed. Its ] for cardiac sensitization is 9%. The ] allows concentration of 9% volume in occupied spaces without mandated egress time, or up to 10.5% for a limited time. Most fire suppression systems are designed to provide concentration of 6.25-9%. | ||
The HFC-227ea fire suppression agent was the first non-ozone |
The HFC-227ea fire suppression agent was the first non-ozone-depleting replacement for ].{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} In addition, HFC-227ea leaves no residue on valuable equipment after discharge.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fire-chief.com/fe227.asp |title=Fike FE-227 Product Page |access-date=2006-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009070947/http://fire-chief.com/fe227.asp |archive-date=2007-10-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
HFC-227ea contains no chlorine or bromine atoms, presenting no ] effect. Its atmospheric lifetime is approximated between 31 and 42 years. It leaves no residue or oily deposits and can be removed by ventilation of the affected space. | HFC-227ea contains no chlorine or bromine atoms, presenting no ] effect. Its atmospheric lifetime is approximated between 31 and 42 years. It leaves no residue or oily deposits and can be removed by ventilation of the affected space. | ||
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==Safety== | ==Safety== | ||
At high temperatures, heptafluoropropane will decompose and produce ]. |
At high temperatures, heptafluoropropane will decompose and produce ]. The decomposition produces a sharp, pungent odour, which can be perceived in concentrations far below a dangerous level. Other decomposition products include ], ] and ]. Prior to re-entry of a room where HFC-227ea system has been activated to suppress a fire, the atmosphere should be tested. An Acid Scavenging Additive added to heptafluoropropane reduces the amount of hydrogen fluoride. | ||
Contact with liquid HFC-227ea may cause ]. | Contact with liquid HFC-227ea may cause ]. | ||
== Climate change considerations == | |||
Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) contributes to ]. It has a ] (GWP) of 3,220 over 100 years.<ref>. Retrieved on 2018-01-25.</ref> | |||
Due to its high GWP, the HFC-227ea has been included in the list of controlled substances of the ] (2016 Kigali amendment, in effect in January 2019).<ref>Montreal Protocol Section 1.1. including 2016 Kigali amendment.</ref> Under EU regulations, production, imports and sales of HFC-227ea in spray cans such as freeze sprays or dusters have been prohibited since 2014, as the GWP is over the limit of 150 for these applications.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 — European Environment Agency|url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/policy-documents/regulation-eu-no-517-2014|access-date=2021-03-11|website=www.eea.europa.eu|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2016-11-23|title=EU legislation to control F-gases|url=https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/f-gas/legislation_en|access-date=2021-03-11|website=Climate Action - European Commission|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-08-31|title=ILT onderschept illegale spuitbussen in Rotterdamse haven - Nieuwsbericht - Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport (ILT)|url=https://www.ilent.nl/actueel/nieuws/2020/08/31/ilt-onderschept-illegale-spuitbussen-in-rotterdamse-haven|access-date=2021-03-11|website=www.ilent.nl|publisher=]|language=nl}}</ref> | |||
==Tradenames for HFC-227ea used as fire suppression agent== | ==Tradenames for HFC-227ea used as fire suppression agent== | ||
* '''FE-227''' '''FM-200''' (Dupont) (] (EPA) SNAP Listed)<ref name=epa>{{cite web |url=https://www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-total-flooding-agents |title=Substitutes in Total Flooding Agents |access-date=3 May 2019 |work=] |date=20 November 2014 |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
⚫ | * ''' |
||
⚫ | * '''FITECH - 227''' (Fitech Engineers) | ||
* '''Solkaflam 227''' (Solvay Fluor) | * '''Solkaflam 227''' (Solvay Fluor) | ||
* '''MH-227''' (Shanghai Waysmos) | * '''MH-227''' (Shanghai Waysmos) (] (EPA) SNAP Listed)<ref name=epa/> | ||
* '''Orient 227''' (Orient Corporation) (] (EPA) SNAP Listed)<ref name=epa/> | |||
⚫ | * ''' |
||
⚫ | * '''SR-200''' (SRI) | ||
* '''NAF S 227'''(Safety High Tech) | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
*] | |||
* ] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* ( 2009-04-25) | * ( 2009-04-25) | ||
{{Reflist}} | |||
<references/> | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* | * | ||
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822160434/http://msds.dupont.com/msds/pdfs/EN/PEN_09004a2f8009ef77.pdf |date=2011-08-22 }} | |||
* | * | ||
* | |||
* | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Heptafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Heptafluoropropane, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3-}} | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | ] | ||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] | |||
] |
Latest revision as of 04:02, 12 January 2024
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Names | |
---|---|
Preferred IUPAC name 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane | |
Other names
Heptafluoropropane Apaflurane HFC-227ea R-227ea HFC-227 FM-200 | |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.437 |
KEGG | |
PubChem CID | |
UNII | |
UN number | UN3296 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
| |
SMILES
| |
Properties | |
Chemical formula | C3HF7 |
Molar mass | 170.03 g/mol |
Density | 1.46 g/cm at -16 °C |
Melting point | −131 °C (−204 °F; 142 K) |
Boiling point | −16.4 °C (2.5 °F; 256.8 K) |
Hazards | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1 0 1 |
Related compounds | |
Related compounds | 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloropropane |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). N verify (what is ?) Infobox references |
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane, also called heptafluoropropane, HFC-227ea (ISO name), HFC-227 or FM-200, as well as apaflurane (INN), is a colourless, odourless gaseous halocarbon commonly used as a gaseous fire suppression agent.
Chemistry
Its chemical formula is CF3-CHF-CF3, or C3HF7. With a boiling point of −16.4 °C, it is a gas at room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water (260 mg/L).
Use
HFC-227ea is used in fire suppression systems that protect data processing and telecommunication facilities, and in fire suppression of many flammable liquids and gases. HFC-227ea is categorized as a Clean Agent and is governed by NFPA 2001 - Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems. Effective fire suppression requires introducing a concentration of the HFC-227ea agent between 6.25% and 9% depending on the hazard being suppressed. Its NOAEL for cardiac sensitization is 9%. The United States Environmental Protection Agency allows concentration of 9% volume in occupied spaces without mandated egress time, or up to 10.5% for a limited time. Most fire suppression systems are designed to provide concentration of 6.25-9%.
The HFC-227ea fire suppression agent was the first non-ozone-depleting replacement for Halon 1301. In addition, HFC-227ea leaves no residue on valuable equipment after discharge.
HFC-227ea contains no chlorine or bromine atoms, presenting no ozone depletion effect. Its atmospheric lifetime is approximated between 31 and 42 years. It leaves no residue or oily deposits and can be removed by ventilation of the affected space.
As an aerosol propellant, HFC-227ea is used in pharmaceutical metered dose inhalers such as those used for dispensing asthma medication.
Safety
At high temperatures, heptafluoropropane will decompose and produce hydrogen fluoride. The decomposition produces a sharp, pungent odour, which can be perceived in concentrations far below a dangerous level. Other decomposition products include carbonyl fluoride, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Prior to re-entry of a room where HFC-227ea system has been activated to suppress a fire, the atmosphere should be tested. An Acid Scavenging Additive added to heptafluoropropane reduces the amount of hydrogen fluoride. Contact with liquid HFC-227ea may cause frostbite.
Climate change considerations
Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea) contributes to climate change. It has a global warming potential (GWP) of 3,220 over 100 years.
Due to its high GWP, the HFC-227ea has been included in the list of controlled substances of the Montreal Protocol (2016 Kigali amendment, in effect in January 2019). Under EU regulations, production, imports and sales of HFC-227ea in spray cans such as freeze sprays or dusters have been prohibited since 2014, as the GWP is over the limit of 150 for these applications.
Tradenames for HFC-227ea used as fire suppression agent
- FE-227 FM-200 (Dupont) (United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SNAP Listed)
- FITECH - 227 (Fitech Engineers)
- Solkaflam 227 (Solvay Fluor)
- MH-227 (Shanghai Waysmos) (United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SNAP Listed)
- Orient 227 (Orient Corporation) (United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) SNAP Listed)
- SR-200 (SRI)
- NAF S 227(Safety High Tech)
See also
Other fire suppression agents:
References
- Sinerji Fire Protection Product Page (Archived 2009-04-25)
- NIST datapage for heptafluoropropane
- "Fike FE-227 Product Page". Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2006-12-12.
- GOV.UK: Calculate the carbon dioxide equivalent quantity of an F gas. Retrieved on 2018-01-25.
- Montreal Protocol Section 1.1. including 2016 Kigali amendment.
- "Regulation (EU) No 517/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 — European Environment Agency". www.eea.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- "EU legislation to control F-gases". Climate Action - European Commission. 2016-11-23. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- "ILT onderschept illegale spuitbussen in Rotterdamse haven - Nieuwsbericht - Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport (ILT)". www.ilent.nl (in Dutch). Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management. 2020-08-31. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ^ "Substitutes in Total Flooding Agents". United States Environmental Protection Agency. United States government. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
External links
- MSDS for heptafluoropropane
- MSDS for heptafluoropropane Archived 2011-08-22 at the Wayback Machine
- MSDS for heptafluoropropane
- SDS for (LUKE 227) heptafluoropropane
- SDS for Chemori 227