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'''Roy W. Spencer''' is a ] and a Principal Research Scientist for the ], as well as the U.S. Science Team Leader for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on NASA’s ]. He has served as senior scientist for climate studies at NASA’s ] in Huntsville, Alabama.
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Roy W. Spencer
| image = Aqua Celebrates Ten Years.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|12|20}}
| birth_place = ]
| citizenship =
| nationality = American
| fields = ]
| workplaces = ],<br>]
| alma_mater = ] (])<br>] (], ])
| thesis_title = A case study of African wave structure and energetics during Atlantic transit
| thesis_url = https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8338410
| thesis_year = 1981
| doctoral_advisor = ]
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards = ] Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (1991),<br>] Special Award (1996)
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_alt =
| website = {{official|http://www.drroyspencer.com/}}
| footnotes =
| spouse =
}}


'''Roy Warren Spencer''' (born December 20, 1955)<ref>{{cite web|title=ISNI 0000000122132141|url=http://isni.org/isni/0000000122132141|website=isni.org|accessdate=June 21, 2016}}</ref> is an American ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mediamatters.org/research/2011/01/27/fox-tries-to-debunk-global-warming-fails-misera/183174 |title=Fox Tries To Debunk Global Warming, Fails Miserably |publisher=] |date=January 27, 2011 |accessdate=March 25, 2014 |author=Fong, Jocelyn}}</ref> He is a principal research scientist at the ], and the U.S. Science Team leader for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on NASA's ].<ref name=nasa>{{cite web |url=http://aqua.nasa.gov/about/team_spencer.php |title=Aqua Project Science |publisher=] |accessdate=August 27, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216184346/http://aqua.nasa.gov/about/team_spencer.php |archivedate=February 16, 2013 }}</ref><ref name=statement>{{cite web |author=Spencer, Roy W. |date=March 19, 2007 |url=http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070320152338-19776.pdf |title=STATEMENT TO THE COMMITTEE|publisher=] |accessdate=March 7, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328202615/http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070320152338-19776.pdf |archivedate=March 28, 2007}}</ref> He has served as senior scientist for climate studies at NASA's ].<ref name=nasa /><ref name=statement /> He is known for his ], for which he was awarded the ]'s Special Award.<ref name=statement/> Spencer disagrees with the ], instead believing that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have caused some warming, but that influence is small compared to natural variations in global average cloud cover.
He is known for his ], for which he was awarded the ]'s Special Award. Spencer suggests that ] is mostly natural. He argues that climate is inherently stable to changes in radiative forcing from variations in natural drivers as well as humanity’s ] emissions and ] ]. He suggests that natural, ] variations in factors including ] may account for most observed warming.<ref> by Roy Spencer</ref><ref> by Roy Spencer</ref>


==Education and work== ==Education and career==
Spencer received a ] in ] from the ] in 1978 and his ] and ] in ] from the ] in 1980 and 1982.<ref name=nasa /> His doctoral thesis was titled, ''A case study of African wave structure and energetics during Atlantic transit''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Spencer, Roy Warren |title=A case study of African wave structure and energetics during Atlantic transit |publisher=University of Wisconsin–Madison |year=1981 |bibcode=1981PhDT.......218S |oclc=8338410 }}</ref>
Spencer earned a B.S. in ] from the ] in 1978 and his M.S. and Ph.D. in ] from the ] in 1980 and 1982.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://aqua.nasa.gov/about/team_spencer.php | title=Aqua Project Science | publisher=] |year=2008 | first= | last= | accessdate =2008-10-10 }}</ref> Spencer designed an algorithm to detect tropical cyclones and estimate their maximum sustained wind speed using the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) at the ].<ref>Spencer, R.W., and W.D. Braswell, "Atlantic tropical cyclone monitoring with AMSU-A: Estimation of maximum sustained wind speeds." Monthly Weather Review, 129, 1518–1532, 2001</ref> The AMSU is a ] that can be used to detect temperature at different levels of the atmosphere. Based on gradients in temperature measurements in a given area, it is possible to estimate maximal sustained radial wind speed.<ref></ref>


After receiving his PhD in 1982, Spencer worked for two years as a research scientist in the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.<ref name=nasa /> He then joined NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center as a visiting scientist in 1984,<ref name=statement /> where he later became senior scientist for climate studies. After leaving NASA in 2001, Spencer has been a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). As well as his position at UAH, Spencer is currently the U.S. Science Team leader for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on NASA's Aqua satellite, a position he has held since 1994.<ref name=nasa />
As well as his position at UHA, he is currently the U.S. Science Team leader for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer flying on NASA’s Aqua satellite. His research work is funded by ], ], and ].


In 2001, he designed an algorithm to detect tropical cyclones and estimate their maximum sustained wind speed using the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://datamining.itsc.uah.edu/case_studies/cyclone.html |title=Detecting Tropical Cyclones Using AMSU |publisher=NASA |accessdate=August 27, 2012 |archive-date=August 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070806144535/http://datamining.itsc.uah.edu/case_studies/cyclone.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Spencer, Roy W. |author2=William D. Braswell |title=Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Monitoring with AMSU-A: Estimation of Maximum Sustained Wind Speeds |journal=] |volume=129 |issue=6 |pages=1518–1532 |year=2001 |bibcode=2001MWRv..129.1518S |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1518:ATCMWA>2.0.CO;2|doi-access=free }}</ref>
He speaks publicly often on climate, including four appearances on ].<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.coasttocoastam.com/guests/1162.html | title=Dr. Roy Spencer | publisher=] |year=2008 | first= | last= | accessdate =2008-10-10 }}</ref> He is on the board of directors of the ].<ref>http://www.marshall.org/board.php</ref> He is on the board of advisors of the ].<ref></ref>


Spencer has been a member of several science teams: the ] (TRMM) Space Station Accommodations Analysis Study Team, Science Steering Group for TRMM, TOVS Pathfinder Working Group, NASA Headquarters Earth Science and Applications Advisory Subcommittee, and two ] study panels.<ref name=nasa /> He is on the board of directors of the ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marshall.org/board.php |title=The Marshall Institute – Staff |publisher=] |accessdate=August 27, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712040719/http://www.marshall.org/board.php |archivedate=July 12, 2012}}</ref> and on the board of advisors of the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cornwallalliance.org/about/cornwall-alliance-advisory-board/ |title=Cornwall Alliance Board of Advisors |publisher=Cornwall Alliance |accessdate=April 3, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428050713/http://www.cornwallalliance.org/about/cornwall-alliance-advisory-board/ |archivedate=April 28, 2013 }}</ref>
==Climate change research==
For many years Spencer, along with ], has maintained an atmospheric temperature record derived from satellite microwave sounding unit measurements, commonly called the ] record (see also ]). This was once controversial as until the late 1990s the satellite record erroneously showed a net global cooling trend, at odds with the ] and ]. A number of corrections (mostly minor) have been made since been made bringing the UAH "lower troposphere temperature" data closer to agreement with other temperature records. The most significant correction, demonstrated in a 1998 paper by ] and Matthias Schabel of ], was to correct for orbital decay of the MSU satellites.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wentz|first=Frank J.|coauthors=Matthias Schabel|journal=Letters to Nature|date=13 August 1998|volume=394|pages=661–661|title=Effects of orbital decay on satellite-derived lower-tropospheric temperature trends|doi=10.1038/29267|issue=6694}}</ref><ref>http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap1-1/finalreport/sap1-1-final-execsum.pdf</ref>


Spencer's research work is funded by ], ], ], and the ].<ref name="statement" /> He also received money from ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-14 |title=Big Coal Funded This Prominent Climate Change Denier, Docs Reveal |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/roy-spencer-peabody-energy_n_57601e12e4b053d43306535e |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>
=== 2007 cloud feedback article ===
In August, 2007, Spencer and others published an article in '']'' regarding ] in the tropics.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Spencer|first=Roy W.|coauthors=Braswell, William D., Christy, John R., Hnilo, Justin|title=Cloud and radiation budget changes associated with tropical intraseasonal oscillations|journal=]|date=9 August 2007|volume=34|issue=15|doi=10.1029/2007GL029698}}</ref> Current understanding of the climate system predicts that an increase in high-level, heat trapping clouds will accelerate global warming. Spencer's observations in the tropics found a negative ] and a lower ] than the current consensus. Spencer and colleagues state that the negative feedback possibly supports ]'s Infrared ] of compensating meteorological processes that tend to stabilize climate change.<ref>{{Cite journal| author = Richard S. Lindzen, Ming-Dah Chou, and Arthur Y. Hou |journal = ]|volume=82|issue=3|month=March|year=2001|pages=417–432| url=http://www-eaps.mit.edu/faculty/lindzen/adinfriris.pdf | doi = 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0417:DTEHAA>2.3.CO;2 | title = Does the Earth Have an Adaptive Infrared Iris? }}</ref>


==Peer-reviewed articles on climate change==
In a press release that month, Spencer said, "To give an idea of how strong this enhanced cooling mechanism is, if it was operating on global warming, it would reduce estimates of future warming by over 75 percent... The big question that no one can answer right now is whether this enhanced cooling mechanism applies to global warming."<ref>, UA Huntsville press release, 8/9/2007</ref>


===Negative cloud feedback===
=== Spencer and Braswell 2008 ===
In 2007, Spencer and others published a paper in '']'' regarding negative ] in the tropics that potentially supports ]'s ], which proposes that as the tropical atmosphere warms, cirrus clouds decrease, allowing infrared heat to escape from the atmosphere to outer space.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite journal |author=Spencer, Roy W. |author2=Braswell, William D. |author3=Christy, John R. |author4=Hnilo, Justin |year=2007 |url=http://www.drroyspencer.com/Spencer_07GRL.pdf |title=Cloud and radiation budget changes associated with tropical intraseasonal oscillations |journal=] |volume=34 |issue=15 |pages=L15707 |doi=10.1029/2007GL029698|bibcode=2007GeoRL..3415707S|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=milloy>{{cite web |author=Milloy, Study |date=November 1, 2007 |url=http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2007/11/01/clouds-mitigate-global-warming-new-evidence-shows |title=Clouds Mitigate Global Warming, New Evidence Shows |publisher=] |accessdate=August 27, 2012 |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202144414/http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/2007/11/01/clouds-mitigate-global-warming-new-evidence-shows |url-status=dead }}</ref> Spencer stated, "To give an idea of how strong this enhanced cooling mechanism is, if it was operating on global warming, it would reduce estimates of future warming by over 75 percent. Right now, all climate models predict that clouds will amplify warming. I'm betting that if the climate models' 'clouds' were made to behave the way we see these clouds behave in nature, it would substantially reduce the amount of climate change the models predict for the coming decades."<ref name=milloy/><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.uah.edu/News/newsread.php?newsID=875 |title=Cirrus disappearance: Warming might thin heat-trapping clouds |publisher=University of Alabama in Huntsville |date=August 9, 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716042310/http://www.uah.edu/news/newsread.php?newsID=875 |archivedate=July 16, 2011 |accessdate=August 27, 2012}}</ref>
In 2008, Spencer and William Braswell published a paper<ref>, by Roy W. Spencer & William D. Braswell, ], 2008</ref> in the '']'' which stated that conventional diagnoses of positive cloud feedback are artificially biased positive, because they ignore natural cloud variability. Climate model analyses treat decreasing cloud cover as an evidence of positive feedback of atmosphere to initial ] induced warming, while it easily could be the other way around: the real cause of warming could be small naturally caused variations in cloud cover with rising temperatures as a result. Spencer postulates strong negative cloud feedback, contrary to what the current ] climate models use. He points out that the IPCC concedes that low clouds are the most uncertain element in climate models, and that a 1% change in low cloud cover could have radiative forcing equal to doubling of CO<sub>2</sub>.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} Spencer asserts that small cloud variations connected with the ] can explain 75% of global warming in the twentieth century.<ref> by Roy Spencer</ref>


=== Spencer and Braswell 2011 === ===Cloud formation and temperature change===
In 2008, Spencer and William Braswell published a paper in the '']'' which suggests that natural variations in how clouds form could actually be causing temperature changes, rather than the other way around, and could also lead to overestimates of how sensitive the Earth's climate is to greenhouse gas emissions.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Spencer, Roy W. |author2=William D. Braswell |year=2008 |url=http://www.drroyspencer.com/Spencer-and-Braswell-08.pdf |title=Potential Biases in Feedback Diagnosis from Observational Data: A Simple Model Demonstration |journal=] |volume=21 |issue=21 |pages=5624–5628 |accessdate=August 29, 2012|bibcode=2008JCli...21.5624S |doi=10.1175/2008JCLI2253.1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Rice, Doyle |date=June 18, 2008 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/climate/globalwarming/2008-06-18-clouds-climate_N.htm |title=Global warming forecast: Partly cloudy |work=] |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref> Spencer stated, "Our paper is an important step toward validating a gut instinct that many meteorologists like myself have had over the years, that the climate system is dominated by stabilizing processes, rather than destabilizing processes – that is, negative feedback rather than positive feedback."<ref>{{cite news |date=June 8, 2008 |url=http://phys.org/news132251958.html |title=Has global warming research misinterpreted cloud behavior? |work=PhysOrg |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref>
On 26 July 2011, Spencer and Braswell published a paper<ref>{{cite journal|last=Spencer|first=Roy|coauthors=William Braswell|title=On the Misdiagnosis of Climate Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance|journal=Remote Sensing|year=2011}}</ref>, "On the Misdiagnosis of Climate Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance", in ''Remote Sensing'', a ], ]. The paper questioned the ability of some computer climate models to reproduce the time lagged relationship between average sea surface temperature and net terrestrial radiative flux, and used a simple model to suggest the method used by ] and others to establish the value of cloud feedback was flawed.


===Energy lost to space as compared to climate models===
The conclusions of the paper were subsequently exaggerated by parts of the media and the authors themselves, with headlines such as "New NASA Data Blow Gaping Hole In Global Warming Alarmism" in ''Forbes'' magazine.<ref name=guardianres>{{cite news|last=Hickman|rirst=Leo|title=Journal editor resigns over 'flawed' paper co-authored by climate sceptic|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/sep/02/journal-editor-resigns-climate-sceptic-paper|work=]|accessdate=3 September 2011|date=2011-09-02}}</ref><ref name=Wagner1>{{Cite journal
In 2011, Spencer and Braswell published a paper in '']'' concluding that more energy is radiated back to space and released earlier than previously thought.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Spencer, Roy |author2=William Braswell |title=On the Misdiagnosis of Climate Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance |journal=Remote Sensing |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=1603–1613 |year=2011 |bibcode=2011RemS....3.1603S |doi=10.3390/rs3081603|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=orlowski>{{cite news |author=Orlowski, Andrew |date=July 29, 2011 |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/07/29/spencer_missing_heat/ |title='Missing heat': Is global warmth vanishing into space? |work=The Register |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref> Spencer stated, "The satellite observations suggest there is much more energy lost to space during and after warming than the climate models show. There is a huge discrepancy between the data and the forecasts that is especially big over the oceans."<ref name=orlowski/><ref>{{cite news |date=July 29, 2011 |url=http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2011/07/29/Data-contradict-climate-model-predictions/UPI-93691311982879/ |title=Data contradict climate model predictions |work=] |accessdate=August 30, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Horton, Daniel |date=July 29, 2011 |url=http://phys.org/news/2011-07-climate-energy-wrong-hot-global.html |title=Climate models make too hot forecasts of global warming |work=PhysOrg |accessdate=August 30, 2012}}</ref>
| doi = 10.3390/rs3092002
| issn = 2072-4292
| volume = 3
| issue = 9
| pages = 2002–2004
| last = Wagner
| first = Wolfgang
| title = Taking Responsibility on Publishing the Controversial Paper "On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance" by Spencer and Braswell, Remote Sens. 2011, 3(8), 1603-1613
| journal = Remote Sensing
| accessdate = 2011-09-02
| date = 2011-09
| url = http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/9/2002/
}}</ref> The paper was met with swift criticism by mainstream climate scientists.<ref>{{cite news|last=Black|first=Richard|title=Journal editor resigns over 'problematic' climate paper|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14768574|work=]|accessdate=3 September 2011|date=2011-09-02}}</ref>


The paper was criticized by climate scientists.<ref name=borenstein>{{cite news |author=Borenstein, Seth |date=July 29, 2011 |url=http://www.omaha.com/article/20110729/AP10/307299868 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130130192007/http://www.omaha.com/article/20110729/AP10/307299868 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 30, 2013 |title=Skeptic's small cloud study renews climate rancor |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Black, Richard |date=September 2, 2011 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14768574 |title=Journal editor resigns over 'problematic' climate paper |work=] |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref> ] of MIT, said this work was cautious and limited mostly to pointing out problems with forecasting heat feedback, and that the interpretations of the study by non-scientists have "no basis in reality."<ref name=borenstein />
In September 2011, the editor-in-chief of ''Remote Sensing'', Dr. Wolfgang Wagner, resigned his editorship for having published the Spencer and Braswell paper, a highly unusual reaction to the publication of a paper. ] would be the normal course of action if a paper is technically wrong. His statement, in the form of an editorial in the journal, paradoxically said the reviewers had done their job correctly. Wagner further criticized Spencer, Braswell and parts of the media for misrepresenting the significance of their research.


The editor-in-chief of ''Remote Sensing'', Wolfgang Wagner, later resigned over publication of Spencer and Braswell (2011),<ref name=hickman>{{cite news |author=Hickman, Leo |date=February 9, 2011 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/sep/02/journal-editor-resigns-climate-sceptic-paper |title=Journal editor resigns over 'flawed' paper co-authored by climate sceptic |work=] |accessdate=August 27, 2012}}</ref> stating, "From a purely formal point of view, there were no errors with the review process. the problem I see with the paper by Spencer and Braswell is not that it declared a minority view ...but that it essentially ignored the scientific arguments of its opponents. This latter point was missed in the review process, explaining why I perceive this paper to be fundamentally flawed and therefore wrongly accepted by the journal."<ref name=wagner>{{cite journal |author=Wagner, Wolfgang |title=Taking Responsibility on Publishing the Controversial Paper "On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance" by Spencer and Braswell, Remote Sens. 2011, 3(8), 1603-1613 |journal=Remote Sensing |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=2002–2004 |year=2011 |doi=10.3390/rs3092002 |bibcode=2011RemS....3.2002W|doi-access=free }}</ref> Wagner added he, "would also like to personally protest against how the authors and like-minded climate skeptics have much exaggerated the paper's conclusions in public statements".<ref name=hickman /><ref name=wagner />
On 1 October 2011, a rebuttal by Dessler of Spencer and Braswell's 2011 paper appeared in '']''.<ref>{{cite journal
|last=Dessler
|first=A E
|title=Cloud variations and the Earth's energy budget
|journal=]
|date=2011-10-01
|doi=10.1029/2011GL049236
|volume=38
|url=http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/216/Dessler2011.pdf
|accessdate=2011-09-07
|issue=19
}}</ref>


] later published a paper opposing the claims of Spencer and Braswell (2011) in ''Geophysical Research Letters''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Dessler, Andrew E. |url=http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/216/Dessler2011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929022427/http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/216/Dessler2011.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 29, 2011 |title=Cloud variations and the Earth's energy budget |journal=] |volume=38 |issue=19 |year=2011 |pages=n/a |doi=10.1029/2011GL049236 |accessdate=September 7, 2011 |bibcode=2011GeoRL..3819701D|citeseerx=10.1.1.362.5742 |s2cid=17463106 }}</ref> He stated, among other things:
==Global warming==
{{Block quote|First, analyzed 14 models, but they plotted only six models and the particular observational data set that provided maximum support for their hypothesis. Plotting all of the models and all of the data provide a much different conclusion.}}
Spencer has described himself as a "global warming optimist" working to quantify Nature's thermostat.<ref name=weatherquestions>{{Cite web
|url=http://www.weatherquestions.com/Roy-Spencer-on-global-warming.htm
|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080724134110/http://www.weatherquestions.com/Roy-Spencer-on-global-warming.htm
|archivedate=2008-07-24
|title=Global Warming and Nature's Thermostat
| author=Roy W. Spencer, PhD
| accessdate=2008-05-12
| publisher = WeatherQuestions.com}}</ref> In several articles Spencer has espoused opinions that are skeptical of the dominant ].


==Views==
In 2006 Spencer criticized ]'s documentary '']'', saying, "For instance, Mr. Gore claims that the Earth is now warmer than it has been in thousands of years. Yet the latest ] (NAS) report on the subject has now admitted that all we really know is that we are warmer now than we were during the last 400 years, which is mostly made up of the ']'".<ref> by Roy Spencer, ], 30 Jun 2006</ref>


===Climate change===
In a '']'' opinion column on February 26, 2007, Spencer wrote: {{quote|Contrary to popular accounts, very few scientists in the world – possibly none – have a sufficiently thorough, "big picture" understanding of the climate system to be relied upon for a prediction of the magnitude of global warming. To the public, we all might seem like experts, but the vast majority of us work on only a small portion of the problem.<ref>{{Cite news
Spencer has published two books on climate change: In 2008, ''Climate Confusion: How Global Warming Hysteria Leads to Bad Science, Pandering Politicians and Misguided Policies that Hurt the Poor'',<ref></ref> and in 2010, ''The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists''.<ref>Bickmore, Barry (February 27, 2011). . Skeptical Science.</ref><ref>Ghan, Steve (April 28, 2011). . RealClimate.</ref>
| last =Spencer
| first =Roy W.
| title =NOT THAT SIMPLE / GLOBAL WARMING: WHAT WE DON'T KNOW
| work =]
| date =2007-02-26
| url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/02262007/postopinion/opedcolumnists/not_that_simple_opedcolumnists_roy_w__spencer.htm?page=0
| accessdate =2007-04-07 }}</ref>}}


He believes that most climate change is natural in origin, the result of long-term changes in the Earth's ] and that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have caused some warming, but that its warming influence is small compared to natural, internal, chaotic fluctuations in global average cloud cover.<ref>{{cite interview|url=http://www.science20.com/quotscience_help_usquot/interview_global_warming_skeptic_dr_roy_spencer |title=Interview With A Global Warming Skeptic: Dr. Roy Spencer|interviewer=Cameron J. English |date=May 13, 2010|publisher=Science 2.0}}</ref> This view contradicts the scientific consensus that "most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities".<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601014140/http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/007.htm |date=June 1, 2007 }}. ], ]. 2001. Retrieved December 27, 2016.</ref>
In an interview with ] talk show host ] on February 28, 2007, Spencer stated that he doesn't believe "catastrophic manmade global warming" is occurring. He also criticized climate models, saying "The people that have built the climate models that predict global warming believe they have sufficient physics in those models to predict the future. I believe they don't. I believe the climate system, the weather as it is today in the real world shows a stability that they do not yet have in those climate models."<ref></ref> Roy Spencer is also included in a film that argues against the theory of man-made global warming called ''].''


In February 2014 Spencer posted on his blog that he was going to start referring to those who referred to those questioning the mainstream view of global warming (such as Spencer himself) as "]s" as "global warming Nazis", contending that "...these people are supporting policies that will kill far more people than the Nazis ever did."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drroyspencer.com/2014/02/time-to-push-back-against-the-global-warming-nazis/ |title=Time to push back against the global warming Nazis |work=Drroyspencer.com |date=February 20, 2014 |accessdate=February 21, 2014 |author=Spencer, Roy W.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.salon.com/2014/02/21/people_who_call_climate_deniers_climate_deniers_should_be_called_global_warming_nazis_says_climate_denier/ |title=People who call climate deniers "climate deniers" should be called "Global Warming Nazis," says climate denier |work=] |date=February 21, 2014 |accessdate=February 21, 2014 |author=Abrams, Lindsay}}</ref> The ] responded with a statement condemning Spencer's comparison. Shelley Rose, the ADL's Southeast Interim Regional Director, argued that the comparison of global warming advocates to Nazis was "outrageous and deeply offensive," and "This analogy is just the latest example of a troubling epidemic of comparisons to Hitler and the Holocaust."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.al.com/breaking/2014/02/uah_climate_expert_roy_spencer.html |title=UAH climate expert Roy Spencer calls critics 'global warming Nazis'; Anti-Defamation League objects |work=] |date=February 26, 2014 |accessdate=February 28, 2014 |author=Gattis, Paul}}</ref>
He testified before the Waxman committee's examination of political interference with climate science on March 19, 2007.<ref name=statement>{{Cite web
| last =Spencer
| first =Roy W.
| title =STATEMENT TO THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM OF THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
| publisher =House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
| date =2007-03-19
| url =http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070320152338-19776.pdf
| format =PDF
| accessdate =2007-03-07 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070328202615/http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070320152338-19776.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| title =Committee Examines Political Interference with Climate Science
| publisher =House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
| date =2007-03-19
| url =http://oversight.house.gov/story.asp?ID=1214
| accessdate = }}</ref>


===Intelligent design===
Spencer is an advisor to and serves on the board of the ]<ref>Black, Richard. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14768574] BBC Online, 2 September 2011.</ref><ref></ref> and is a signatory to Cornwall's "".<ref></ref>
Spencer believes in the pseudoscience of ] which was criticized by ], in '']'' as advocating "warmed-over creationism".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Plait |first1=Phil |date=29 July 2011 |title=No, new data does not "blow a gaping hole in global warming alarmism" |url=https://slate.com/technology/2011/07/no-new-data-does-not-blow-a-gaping-hole-in-global-warming-alarmism.html |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=Slate}}</ref> Spencer's views on the matter were used as an example in an exploration by the '']'' as a possible connection between ] and creationism.<ref>{{cite news |title=Are climate change deniers like creationists? |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Bright-Green/2009/0828/are-climate-change-deniers-like-creationists |access-date=21 July 2022 |work=Christian Science Monitor |date=28 August 2009}}</ref>


==Awards==
The declaration states:
* 1989 – ] Center Director's Commendation<ref name=nasa />

* 1990 – Alabama House of Representatives Resolution #624<ref name=statement />
<blockquote>
* 1991 – ] Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (with ])<ref name=nasa />
"We believe Earth and its ecosystems — created by God’s intelligent design and infinite power and sustained by His faithful providence — are robust, resilient, self-regulating, and self-correcting, admirably suited for human flourishing, and displaying His glory. Earth's climate system is no exception."
* 1996 – ] Special Award "for developing a global, precise record of earth's temperature from operational polar-orbiting satellites, fundamentally advancing our ability to monitor climate." (with ])<ref name=nasa /><ref name=statement /><ref>{{cite web|author1=Horack, John |author2=Dooling, Dave |url=https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/ssl_report/ssl_earth|title=SSL 1996 Annual Report – Earth Science |publisher=] |date=January 1996}}</ref>
</blockquote>

Spencer has published two books on climate change: In 2008, ''Climate Confusion: How Global Warming Hysteria Leads to Bad Science, Pandering Politicians and Misguided Policies that Hurt the Poor'',<ref></ref> and in 2010, ''The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World’s Top Climate Scientists''.<ref></ref> ''The Great Global Warming Blunder'' has been criticized by other climate scientists, including an extended critique by ].<ref></ref>

==Intelligent design==
Spencer is a proponent of ] as the mechanism for the origin of species.<ref name=TCS/> On the subject, Spencer wrote in 2005, "Twenty years ago, as a PhD scientist, I intensely studied the evolution versus intelligent design controversy for about two years. And finally, despite my previous acceptance of evolutionary theory as 'fact,' I came to the realization that intelligent design, as a theory of origins, is no more religious, and no less scientific, than evolutionism. . . . In the scientific community, I am not alone. There are many fine books out there on the subject. Curiously, most of the books are written by scientists who lost faith in evolution as adults, after they learned how to apply the analytical tools they were taught in college."<ref name=TCS>, Roy Spencer, ], 08 August 2005</ref> In ''The Evolution Crisis,'' a compilation of five scientists who reject evolution, Spencer states: "I finally became convinced that the theory of creation actually had a much better scientific basis than the theory of evolution, for the creation model was actually better able to explain the physical and biological complexity in the world... Science has startled us with its many discoveries and advances, but it has hit a brick wall in its attempt to rid itself of the need for a creator and designer."<ref>{{Cite book| first=Michael| last=Penfold | year=2007 | title=The Evolution Crisis | isbn=1-900742-24-1 }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
* ] (satellite temperature record) * ] (satellite temperature record)
* ]
* ]


==Selected publications==
==Awards==
* 1989: ] Center Director’s Commendation<ref name=statement /><ref name=bio>
{{Cite web
| title = Aqua Team Member Profile – Roy Spencer
| date = 12/01/2008
| url = http://aqua.nasa.gov/about/team_spencer.php
| accessdate = 04/07/2009}}
</ref>
* 1990: Alabama House of Representatives Resolution #624<ref name=statement />
* 1991: ] Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (with ])<ref name=statement /><ref name=bio />
* 1996: ] Special Award "for developing a global, precise record of earth's temperature from operational polar-orbiting satellites, fundamentally advancing our ability to monitor climate." (with ])<ref name=statement /><ref name=bio /><ref name=nasa>, ]</ref>


===Articles===
==Publications and selected papers==
* {{cite web |author=Spencer, Roy W. |date=June 30, 2006 |title=Star Search |url=http://www.ideasinactiontv.com/tcs_daily/2006/06/star-search.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807103106/http://www.ideasinactiontv.com/tcs_daily/2006/06/star-search.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=August 7, 2011 |work=]}}
* {{Cite book| author=Spencer, R.W. | title= Climate Confusion: How Global Warming Hysteria Leads to Bad Science, Pandering Politicians and Misguided Policies that Hurt the Poor | publisher = ] | year = 2008 | isbn=1-59403-210-6}}
* {{cite news |author=Spencer, Roy W. |date=January 16, 2005 |title=World warms to Kyoto, but research will save the day |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/2005-02-16-kyoto_x.htm |work=]}}
* {{Cite book| author=Spencer, R.W. | title= The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists | publisher = ] | year = 2010 | isbn=1-59403-373-0}}
* {{cite news |author=Spencer, Roy W. |date=February 26, 2007 |title=NOT THAT SIMPLE – GLOBAL WARMING: WHAT WE DON'T KNOW |url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/opinion/opedcolumnists/item_gqs0XKDYmQhnILuB6aM9hK |work=]}}
* ''The Bad Science and Bad Policy of Obama's Global Warming Agenda'' ISBN-13: 978-1594034824 Encounter Books; 1 edition (January 26, 2010)
* {{cite web |author=Spencer, Roy W. |date=May 1, 2008 |title=More Carbon Dioxide, Please |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/224319/more-carbon-dioxide-please/roy-spencer |work=]}}


===Books===
===Articles by Spencer available online===
* {{cite book |author=Spencer, Roy W. |title=Climate Confusion: How Global Warming Hysteria Leads to Bad Science, Pandering Politicians and Misguided Policies that Hurt the Poor |url=http://www.encounterbooks.com/books/climate-confusion-how-global-warming-hysteria-leads-to-bad-science-pandering-politicians-and-misguided-policies-that-hurt-the-poor-paperback/ |publisher=] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-59403-210-3}}
* , Roy W. Spencer and William D. Braswell, '']'' 2011, 3(8), 1603-1613; {{doi|10.3390/rs3081603}} - published online 25 July 2011
* {{cite book |author=Spencer, Roy W. |title=The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists |url=https://archive.org/details/greatglobalwarmi00spen |publisher=] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-59403-373-5 |url-access=registration }}
* , '']'' May 13, 2008
* {{cite book |author=Spencer, Roy W. |title=The Bad Science and Bad Policy of Obama's Global Warming Agenda |url=http://www.encounterbooks.com/books/the-bad-science-and-bad-policy-of-obamas-global-warming-agenda/ |publisher=] |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-59403-482-4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718034726/http://www.encounterbooks.com/books/the-bad-science-and-bad-policy-of-obamas-global-warming-agenda/ |archive-date=July 18, 2012 }}
* (updated 2009)
* {{cite book |author=Spencer, Roy W. |title=FUNDANOMICS: The Free Market, Simplified |url=https://www.drroyspencer.com/2011/07/fundanomics-the-free-market-simplified/ |publisher=] |year=2011 |asin=B005C626NG }}
* (updated 2009)

* presentation at 2008 ] ]
===Peer-reviewed papers===
* , ] News Center 8/9/2007
* {{Cite journal
* Christy et al. ], Vol. 112, D06102, {{doi|10.1029/2005JD006881}}, 2007
| first1=Roy W. | last1=Spencer
* Presented to the ], October 7, 1997
| first2=John R. | last2=Christy
* Roy Spencer 2006 article commenting on Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth" movie in the ]
| title=Precise Monitoring of Global Temperature Trends from Satellites
* , ], February 26, 2007
| journal=]
* Manmade Global Warming: A Pending Catastrophe, or False Alarm? (, ) – Presented at the January 25, 2008 meeting of the ]
| year=1990 | volume=247 | issue=4950 | pages=1558–1562
* at Spencer's website
| bibcode=1990Sci...247.1558S
| doi=10.1126/science.247.4950.1558 | pmid=17782811
| s2cid=22244815
}}
* {{Cite journal
|first1 = Roy W.
|last1 = Spencer
|first2 = William D.
|last2 = Braswell
|title = Cloud and radiation budget changes associated with tropical intraseasonal oscillations
|journal = ]
|year = 2007
|volume = 34
|issue = 15
|pages = L15707
|bibcode = 2007GeoRL..3415707S
|doi = 10.1029/2007GL029698
|doi-access = free
}}
* {{Cite journal
| first1=Roy W. | last1=Spencer
| first2=William D. | last2=Braswell
| title=Potential Biases in Feedback Diagnosis from Observational Data: A Simple Model Demonstration
| journal=]
| year=2008 | volume=21 | issue=21 | pages=5624–5628
| bibcode=2008JCli...21.5624S
| doi=10.1175/2008JCLI2253.1
| doi-access=free}}
* {{Cite journal
|first1 = Roy W.
|last1 = Spencer
|first2 = William D.
|last2 = Braswell
|title = On the diagnosis of radiative feedback in the presence of unknown radiative forcing
|journal = ]
|year = 2010
|volume = 115
|issue = D16
|pages = D16109
|bibcode = 2010JGRD..11516109S
|doi = 10.1029/2009JD013371
|doi-access = free
}}
* {{Cite journal
| first1=Roy W. | last1=Spencer
| first2=William D. | last2=Braswell
| title=On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance
| journal=Remote Sensing
| year=2011 | volume=3 | issue=8 | pages=1603–1613
| bibcode=2011RemS....3.1603S
| doi=10.3390/rs3081603
| doi-access=free}}


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{reflist|30em}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Roy Spencer}} {{Wikiquote|Roy Spencer}}
* * {{official|http://www.drroyspencer.com/}}
* NASA *
* ] * , ]
* {{C-SPAN|32131}}
* from ]
* presentation at the 2009 ]
*

{{Authority control}}


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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Spencer, Roy}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Spencer, Roy}}
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Latest revision as of 00:46, 29 September 2024

Roy W. Spencer
Born (1955-12-20) December 20, 1955 (age 69)
United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Michigan (BS)
University of Wisconsin–Madison (MS, PhD)
AwardsNASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (1991),
AMS Special Award (1996)
Scientific career
FieldsMeteorology
InstitutionsNASA,
University of Alabama in Huntsville
ThesisA case study of African wave structure and energetics during Atlantic transit (1981)
Doctoral advisorVerner E. Suomi
WebsiteOfficial website

Roy Warren Spencer (born December 20, 1955) is an American meteorologist. He is a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, and the U.S. Science Team leader for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on NASA's Aqua satellite. He has served as senior scientist for climate studies at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. He is known for his satellite-based temperature monitoring work, for which he was awarded the American Meteorological Society's Special Award. Spencer disagrees with the scientific consensus that most global warming in the past 50 years is the result of human activity, instead believing that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have caused some warming, but that influence is small compared to natural variations in global average cloud cover.

Education and career

Spencer received a BS in atmospheric sciences from the University of Michigan in 1978 and his MS and PhD in meteorology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1980 and 1982. His doctoral thesis was titled, A case study of African wave structure and energetics during Atlantic transit.

After receiving his PhD in 1982, Spencer worked for two years as a research scientist in the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He then joined NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center as a visiting scientist in 1984, where he later became senior scientist for climate studies. After leaving NASA in 2001, Spencer has been a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). As well as his position at UAH, Spencer is currently the U.S. Science Team leader for the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on NASA's Aqua satellite, a position he has held since 1994.

In 2001, he designed an algorithm to detect tropical cyclones and estimate their maximum sustained wind speed using the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU).

Spencer has been a member of several science teams: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Space Station Accommodations Analysis Study Team, Science Steering Group for TRMM, TOVS Pathfinder Working Group, NASA Headquarters Earth Science and Applications Advisory Subcommittee, and two National Research Council (NRC) study panels. He is on the board of directors of the George C. Marshall Institute, and on the board of advisors of the Cornwall Alliance for the Stewardship of Creation.

Spencer's research work is funded by NASA, NOAA, DOE, and the DOT. He also received money from Peabody Energy.

Peer-reviewed articles on climate change

Negative cloud feedback

In 2007, Spencer and others published a paper in Geophysical Research Letters regarding negative cloud feedback in the tropics that potentially supports Richard Lindzen's Iris hypothesis, which proposes that as the tropical atmosphere warms, cirrus clouds decrease, allowing infrared heat to escape from the atmosphere to outer space. Spencer stated, "To give an idea of how strong this enhanced cooling mechanism is, if it was operating on global warming, it would reduce estimates of future warming by over 75 percent. Right now, all climate models predict that clouds will amplify warming. I'm betting that if the climate models' 'clouds' were made to behave the way we see these clouds behave in nature, it would substantially reduce the amount of climate change the models predict for the coming decades."

Cloud formation and temperature change

In 2008, Spencer and William Braswell published a paper in the Journal of Climate which suggests that natural variations in how clouds form could actually be causing temperature changes, rather than the other way around, and could also lead to overestimates of how sensitive the Earth's climate is to greenhouse gas emissions. Spencer stated, "Our paper is an important step toward validating a gut instinct that many meteorologists like myself have had over the years, that the climate system is dominated by stabilizing processes, rather than destabilizing processes – that is, negative feedback rather than positive feedback."

Energy lost to space as compared to climate models

In 2011, Spencer and Braswell published a paper in Remote Sensing concluding that more energy is radiated back to space and released earlier than previously thought. Spencer stated, "The satellite observations suggest there is much more energy lost to space during and after warming than the climate models show. There is a huge discrepancy between the data and the forecasts that is especially big over the oceans."

The paper was criticized by climate scientists. Kerry Emanuel of MIT, said this work was cautious and limited mostly to pointing out problems with forecasting heat feedback, and that the interpretations of the study by non-scientists have "no basis in reality."

The editor-in-chief of Remote Sensing, Wolfgang Wagner, later resigned over publication of Spencer and Braswell (2011), stating, "From a purely formal point of view, there were no errors with the review process. the problem I see with the paper by Spencer and Braswell is not that it declared a minority view ...but that it essentially ignored the scientific arguments of its opponents. This latter point was missed in the review process, explaining why I perceive this paper to be fundamentally flawed and therefore wrongly accepted by the journal." Wagner added he, "would also like to personally protest against how the authors and like-minded climate skeptics have much exaggerated the paper's conclusions in public statements".

Andrew Dessler later published a paper opposing the claims of Spencer and Braswell (2011) in Geophysical Research Letters. He stated, among other things:

First, analyzed 14 models, but they plotted only six models and the particular observational data set that provided maximum support for their hypothesis. Plotting all of the models and all of the data provide a much different conclusion.

Views

Climate change

Spencer has published two books on climate change: In 2008, Climate Confusion: How Global Warming Hysteria Leads to Bad Science, Pandering Politicians and Misguided Policies that Hurt the Poor, and in 2010, The Great Global Warming Blunder: How Mother Nature Fooled the World's Top Climate Scientists.

He believes that most climate change is natural in origin, the result of long-term changes in the Earth's albedo and that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have caused some warming, but that its warming influence is small compared to natural, internal, chaotic fluctuations in global average cloud cover. This view contradicts the scientific consensus that "most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities".

In February 2014 Spencer posted on his blog that he was going to start referring to those who referred to those questioning the mainstream view of global warming (such as Spencer himself) as "climate change deniers" as "global warming Nazis", contending that "...these people are supporting policies that will kill far more people than the Nazis ever did." The Anti-Defamation League responded with a statement condemning Spencer's comparison. Shelley Rose, the ADL's Southeast Interim Regional Director, argued that the comparison of global warming advocates to Nazis was "outrageous and deeply offensive," and "This analogy is just the latest example of a troubling epidemic of comparisons to Hitler and the Holocaust."

Intelligent design

Spencer believes in the pseudoscience of intelligent design which was criticized by Phil Plait, in Slate as advocating "warmed-over creationism". Spencer's views on the matter were used as an example in an exploration by the Christian Science Monitor as a possible connection between climate change denial and creationism.

Awards

  • 1989 – Marshall Space Flight Center Center Director's Commendation
  • 1990 – Alabama House of Representatives Resolution #624
  • 1991 – NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal (with John Christy)
  • 1996 – American Meteorological Society Special Award "for developing a global, precise record of earth's temperature from operational polar-orbiting satellites, fundamentally advancing our ability to monitor climate." (with John Christy)

See also

Selected publications

Articles

Books

Peer-reviewed papers

References

  1. "ISNI 0000000122132141". isni.org. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  2. Fong, Jocelyn (January 27, 2011). "Fox Tries To Debunk Global Warming, Fails Miserably". Media Matters for America. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
  3. ^ "Aqua Project Science". NASA. Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  4. ^ Spencer, Roy W. (March 19, 2007). "STATEMENT TO THE COMMITTEE" (PDF). United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 28, 2007. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
  5. Spencer, Roy Warren (1981). "A case study of African wave structure and energetics during Atlantic transit". University of Wisconsin–Madison. Bibcode:1981PhDT.......218S. OCLC 8338410. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. "Detecting Tropical Cyclones Using AMSU". NASA. Archived from the original on August 6, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  7. Spencer, Roy W.; William D. Braswell (2001). "Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Monitoring with AMSU-A: Estimation of Maximum Sustained Wind Speeds". Monthly Weather Review. 129 (6): 1518–1532. Bibcode:2001MWRv..129.1518S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1518:ATCMWA>2.0.CO;2.
  8. "The Marshall Institute – Staff". George C. Marshall Institute. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  9. "Cornwall Alliance Board of Advisors". Cornwall Alliance. Archived from the original on April 28, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
  10. "Big Coal Funded This Prominent Climate Change Denier, Docs Reveal". HuffPost. June 14, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  11. Spencer, Roy W.; Braswell, William D.; Christy, John R.; Hnilo, Justin (2007). "Cloud and radiation budget changes associated with tropical intraseasonal oscillations" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 34 (15): L15707. Bibcode:2007GeoRL..3415707S. doi:10.1029/2007GL029698.
  12. ^ Milloy, Study (November 1, 2007). "Clouds Mitigate Global Warming, New Evidence Shows". Heartland Institute. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  13. "Cirrus disappearance: Warming might thin heat-trapping clouds" (Press release). University of Alabama in Huntsville. August 9, 2007. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  14. Spencer, Roy W.; William D. Braswell (2008). "Potential Biases in Feedback Diagnosis from Observational Data: A Simple Model Demonstration" (PDF). Journal of Climate. 21 (21): 5624–5628. Bibcode:2008JCli...21.5624S. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2253.1. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  15. Rice, Doyle (June 18, 2008). "Global warming forecast: Partly cloudy". USA Today. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  16. "Has global warming research misinterpreted cloud behavior?". PhysOrg. June 8, 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  17. Spencer, Roy; William Braswell (2011). "On the Misdiagnosis of Climate Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance". Remote Sensing. 3 (8): 1603–1613. Bibcode:2011RemS....3.1603S. doi:10.3390/rs3081603.
  18. ^ Orlowski, Andrew (July 29, 2011). "'Missing heat': Is global warmth vanishing into space?". The Register. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  19. "Data contradict climate model predictions". UPI. July 29, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  20. Horton, Daniel (July 29, 2011). "Climate models make too hot forecasts of global warming". PhysOrg. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  21. ^ Borenstein, Seth (July 29, 2011). "Skeptic's small cloud study renews climate rancor". Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  22. Black, Richard (September 2, 2011). "Journal editor resigns over 'problematic' climate paper". BBC News. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
  23. ^ Hickman, Leo (February 9, 2011). "Journal editor resigns over 'flawed' paper co-authored by climate sceptic". The Guardian. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
  24. ^ Wagner, Wolfgang (2011). "Taking Responsibility on Publishing the Controversial Paper "On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth's Radiant Energy Balance" by Spencer and Braswell, Remote Sens. 2011, 3(8), 1603-1613". Remote Sensing. 3 (9): 2002–2004. Bibcode:2011RemS....3.2002W. doi:10.3390/rs3092002.
  25. Dessler, Andrew E. (2011). "Cloud variations and the Earth's energy budget" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 38 (19): n/a. Bibcode:2011GeoRL..3819701D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.362.5742. doi:10.1029/2011GL049236. S2CID 17463106. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
  26. Climate Confusion
  27. Bickmore, Barry (February 27, 2011). "Roy Spencer's Great Blunder, Part 1". Skeptical Science.
  28. Ghan, Steve (April 28, 2011). "Review of Spencer's ‘Great Global Warming Blunder’". RealClimate.
  29. "Interview With A Global Warming Skeptic: Dr. Roy Spencer" (Interview). Interviewed by Cameron J. English. Science 2.0. May 13, 2010.
  30. "Climate Change 2001: Working Group I: The Scientific Basis" Archived June 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. GRID-Arendal, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2001. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
  31. Spencer, Roy W. (February 20, 2014). "Time to push back against the global warming Nazis". Drroyspencer.com. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  32. Abrams, Lindsay (February 21, 2014). "People who call climate deniers "climate deniers" should be called "Global Warming Nazis," says climate denier". Salon. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  33. Gattis, Paul (February 26, 2014). "UAH climate expert Roy Spencer calls critics 'global warming Nazis'; Anti-Defamation League objects". The Birmingham News. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
  34. Plait, Phil (July 29, 2011). "No, new data does not "blow a gaping hole in global warming alarmism"". Slate. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
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