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| {{Infobox former Arab villages in Palestine | |||
| |name=az-Zakariyya | |||
| |image=Zachariah2.jpg | |||
| |imgsize=150px | |||
| |caption=Az-Zakariyya, pre 1926<ref name=Khalidi206>Khalidi, 1992, p. 206</ref> | |||
| |arname=زكرية | |||
| |meaning="Zachariah" | |||
| |altSp=al-Zakariya | |||
| |district=hb | |||
| |latd=31 |latm=42 |lats=30.13 | |||
| |longd=34 |longm=56 |longs=49.85 | |||
| |pushpin_map=Mandatory Palestine | |||
| |population=1,180<ref name=Hadawi50>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Center, 1970, </ref> | |||
| |popyear=1945 | |||
| |area=15,320<ref name=Hadawi50/> | |||
| |areakm=15.3 | |||
| |cause=E | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| |date=June, 1950<ref>Morris, 2004, p. xix, village # 295. Also gives the cause for depopulation</ref> | |||
| }} | |||
| {{R from merge}} | |||
| '''Az-Zakariyya''' or '''Zakaria''' ({{lang-ar|زكرية}}) was a ] village 25 km northwest from the city of ] (al-Khalil) in the ], which was depopulated in the ]. The village had a population of 1,180 on 15,320 ]s in 1945. The village was named in honor of the prophet ]. | |||
| ==Location== | |||
| The village was located on a hill approximately 275 meters above sea level. It was next to the road between ] and the ]-] highway. The streams of Wadi ] and al-Sarara were located a few kilometers north of the village.<ref>Khalidi, 1992, p 224-225</ref> | |||
| ==History== | |||
| According to biblical sources, King ] fought ] at this site. A town called ''Caper Zacharia'' existed there in Roman times. The village was under the administrative jurisdiction of ]. During the ] era, the village was a dependency of ], part of the ] supporting the ].<ref>al-'Ulaymi, 1876, p. . Cited and translated in Petersen, 2002, p. 320</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| In 1596, it was under the administration of the '']'' ("subdistrict") of Jerusalem, part of the Sanjak of Jerusalem in the ]. It had a population of 259 and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, beehives, and goats.<ref>Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977), ''Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century.'' Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. p. 120. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 225</ref> | |||
| In the late 19th century Zakariyya was described as sitting on a slope above a broad valley surrounded by olive groves.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, SWP 1881, III | |||
| . Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.225</ref> At the time of the ], Zakariyya had 189 occupied houses and a population of 742 Muslims.<ref name="Census1931">{{cite book | editor = E. Mills | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932 | page = 34}}</ref> In 1944/45 a total of 6,523 dunums of village land was allocated to ]s, while 961 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, of which 440 dunums were planted with olive trees.<ref>Hadawi, 1970, </ref><ref>Khalidi, 1992, p.225</ref> | |||
| ==1948 and aftermath== | |||
| In the ] Az-Zakariyya was the longest lasting Arab community in the southern Jerusalem Corridor.<ref>Morris, 2004, p. 521</ref> The village was defended by the ]ian ], the ] and local militiamen, who were defeated by the ] on October 23, 1948. In the course of ], the 54th Battalion of the ], found the village "almost empty", as most of the residents had fled to the nearby hills. Two residents who had remained behind were executed by Israeli soldiers. In December 1948 the army evicted about 40 "old men and women" to the ].<ref>Fourth Brigade \Intelligence, "Daily Summary 18.12.48, 19. Dec. 1948, IDFA 6647\49\\48. Quoted in Morris, 2004, p.521</ref> In March 1949 the ] requested the eviction of "145 or so" remaining villagers: the official in charge of the Jerusalem District said there were many good houses in the village which could be used to accommodate several hundred new immigrants.<ref>A. Bergman, cited in Morris, 2004, p.521</ref> In January 1950 ], ] and ] reached a decision to vacate the village, "but without coercion."<ref>Entry for 14 Jan. 1950, Weitz, Diary, IV, p. 69. Cited in Morris, 2004, p521</ref> On March 19, 1950 the transfer of the Arabs of Zakariya was approved and the order was carried out on June 9, 1950.<ref name=Bar-On/> | |||
| After the 1948 war, the population numbered about 1,200 in January 1949 and about 200 by the end of that year. A newspaper from April 1950 reported that "Mahmud Haj Shahin, a member of the village and two looters (presumably former residents) took two bags of flour at gun point, oil containers and clothes worth dozens of ]). On the same week an arrest warrant was made for Ahmad Shderma and Abdul Aziz for stealing 1000 kg of potatoes from the Arab villagers." '{{Cn|date=June 2012}} | |||
| Out of the last group 70 people had been given money consolation and passed the border to Jordan and the rest scattered between Ramla and other nearby places. The manner of expulsion of the villagers is not mentioned.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p. 226"/> Some of the villagers moved to ] and ], becoming ], while others ("perhaps the majority") settled in the ] in the ].<ref name=Bar-On>Mordechai Bar-On, officer in charge of the eviction. Quoted in Morris, 2004, p.521</ref> | |||
| In 1950 ] ] was established on the village land, close to the village site.<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p. 226">Khalidi, 1992, p. 226</ref> | |||
| ==Today== | |||
| During the 1960s, most of the buildings in the village were destroyed as part of a national program to "level" abandoned villages.<ref>{{cite journal | title = The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages in Israel, 1965-1969 | author = Arnon Shai | journal = History and Memory | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | year = 2006 | pages = 86–106}}</ref>. | |||
| In 1992, ] described the remaining structures: "The mosque and a number of houses, some occupied by Jewish residents and others deserted, remain on the site. Large sections of the site itself are covered with wild vegetation. The mosque is in a state of neglect and an Israeli flag is planted on top of the minaret. One of the occupied houses is a two-storey stone structure with a flat roof. Its second story windows have round arches and grillwork. Parts of the surrounding lands are cultivated by Israeli farmers."<ref name="Khalidi, 1992, p. 226"/> | |||
| ==Culture== | |||
| The village was known for its ]. A wedding dress from Zakariyya (ca. 1930) is part of the collection in ] (MOIFA) at Museum of New Mexico at ].<ref>Stillman, 1979, p. 60.</ref> | |||
| ==Notable residents== | |||
| *] | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ===Bibliography=== | |||
| {{Refbegin}} | |||
| *] and ] (1881): ''.'' London:]. '''vol 3''' | |||
| *{{Citation|title=Hour of Sunlight|first1=Sami|last1=Al Jundi|first2=Jen|last2=Marlowe|year=2011|publisher=]|isbn=978-1-56858-631-1|asin=1568584482|unused_data=Zakariyya: pp.1-17}} | |||
| *], Stewart (ed) (1892): The wanderings of Felix Faber. P 427-28 | |||
| *] (1869): '''' Item notes: v. 1, pt. 2 p. | |||
| *{{Citation|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first1=Sami|last1=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}} | |||
| *{{Citation|title=All That Remains|first1=Walid|last1=Khalidi|authorlink=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=]|publisher=]|isbn=0-88728-224-5}} | |||
| *] (2004). ''''. ]. ISBN 0-521-00967-7 | |||
| *] (1881): '''' ( ) | |||
| *{{Citation|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)|first1=Andrew|last1=Petersen|year=2002|publisher=]|isbn=978-0-19-727011-0|asin=0197270115|unused_data=Zakariyya: p.320}} p. 320 | |||
| *], ] (1841): '''', Published by Crocker & Brewster, Item notes:'''v.2''' (, , ) | |||
| *Stillman, Yedida Kalfol (1979). ''Palestinian Costume and Jewelry,'' ISBN 0-8263-0490-7 | |||
| *] Sauvaire (editor) (1876): | |||
| {{Refend}} | |||
| {{Commonscat}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * | |||
| {{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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