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{{Short description|District in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh}}
{{Refimprove|date=June 2008}}
{{About|the district|the city|Tangail|the upazila|Tangail Sadar Upazila}}
{{Infobox Bangladesh district
{{EngvarB|date=March 2017}}
| name = Tangail
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}
| native_name = টাঙ্গাইল জেলা
{{Infobox settlement
| image_skyline = Entrance_of_Tangail.jpg
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Entrance to ] | name = Tangail District
| native_name = টাঙ্গাইল জেলা
| nickname =Sareng
| native_name_lang = bn
| motto =
| official_name =
| pushpin_label_position =
| type = ]
| latd = 24.30|latm = |lats = |latNS =
| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| longd = 89.92|longm = |longs = |longEW =
| coordinates_type = | border = infobox
| total_width = 280
| coordinates_display = inline,title
| caption_align = center
| coordinates_footnotes =
| division_name = ] | perrow = 1/2/2/2
|image1 = 201 Dome Mosque - 48.jpg
| established_title =
|image2 = DG 38 - 08 LAND LORD HOUSE MADE BY BABU UPENDRA MOHAN ROY LATE 18 CENTURY PAKUTIA TANGAIL IM6.jpg
| established_date =
|image3 = NZF 7003.jpg
| seat_type =
|image4 = DG 88 - 09 ATIA MOSQUE BUILT BY KING OF KARATIA 1609 IN MUGHAL PERIOD TANGAIL IMG 2681.jpg
| seat =
|image5 = DG 90 -09 DHAN BARI MOSQUE ( LATE 18 CENTURY ) TANGAIL IMG 2901.jpg
| leader_party =
|image6 = BD Tangail 5 (cropped).JPG
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 3414
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 3253961
| population_as_of = 1991
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| literacy_rate = 29.6%
| postal_code =
| coast_km =
| maplink =
| website =
| footnotes =
}} }}
| imagesize =
'''Tangail''' ({{lang-bn|টাঙ্গাইল জেলা}}) is a ] (''zilla'') in central region of ]. It is a part of the ]. The population of Tangail zilla is about 3.2 million and its surface area is 3,414.39&nbsp;km².<ref></ref> The main town of Tangail District is the district town ]. It is surrounded by the several districts, such as ] on the north, the ] and ] on the south, the ] and ] on the east, and the ] on the west. The main rivers that cross the Tangail district are the ], ], Jhenai, Bangshi, ], Langulia, Elongjani, Jugni, Fotikjani and the Turag.
| image_alt =
| image_caption = ], ], Dhanbari Mosque, Tangail Gate, ], ] Zamindar Bari
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_shield =
| nickname =
| nicknames =
| motto =
| mottoes =
| image_map = BD Tangail District locator map.svg
| map_caption = Location of Tangail District in Bangladesh
| image_map1 = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|type=shape-inverse|id=|frame-width=200|frame-height=220|stroke-width=1|zoom=8|frame-align=center|frame-lat=|frame-long=|title=Tangail District}}
| map_caption1 = Expandable map of Tangail District
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Tangail in Bangladesh
| coordinates = {{coord|24.30|90.00|region:BD|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| established_title =
| established_date = 1 December 1969
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = ]
| leader_party =
| leader_title = ]
| leader_name = Jashim Uddin Haider
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 3414.28
| area_metro_km2 = 29.52
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2022census" />
| population_total = 4037608
| population_as_of = ]
| population_rank = 5th in Bangladesh
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_demonyms =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = ]
| utc_offset1 = +06:00
| postal_code_type = ]
| postal_code = 1900
| website = {{URL|tangail.gov.bd}}
| footnotes =
| area_code = 0921
| iso_code = BD-63
| blank_name_sec1 = ] (2018)
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.574<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org |language=en |access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}} · ]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
}}
'''Tangail District''' ({{langx|bn|টাঙ্গাইল জেলা|Ṭāṅgāila Jēlā}}) is a district (''zila'') in the central region of ]. In 1969, Tangail ] was separated from ], and a district of the same name as the mahakuma's was created. The district consists of 237 square kilometers of the prior mahakuma and 3177 square kilometers of land acquired from Mymensingh district. It is the largest district of ] by area and second largest by population (after ]). The population of Tangail zila is about 4&nbsp;million and its area is {{convert|3,414.28|km2}}.<ref name= "Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics">{{cite web |url=http://bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Tangail.pdf |title=Tangail P-XV |website=] |access-date=23 February 2016 |date=11 June 2011}}</ref> The main city of the district is ]. It is surrounded by ] on the north, the ] and ]s on the south, ] and ] on the east, and ] on the west.


==Subdivisions== ==History==
] with Tangail and Kishoreganj) in 1917]]
The subdivision of Tangail was established in 1870. It was turned into a district on December 1, 1969.<ref>{{cite book
Until 1969, Tangail was a part of Greater ]. In 1969 the Tangail District was established. Tangail district was created by Tangail Mohokuma from its 237 square kilometers of land and 3177 square kilometers of land acquired from ]. The main rivers that cross the Tangail district are the ], ], ], ], ], Langulia, Elongjani, Jugni, Pouli, Fotikjani and the ].
|last =D. Shamsul Haque Mia|first =|coauthors =|title =Education in Tangail|publisher=Tangail Forum|year =1999|month=March
|location=|pages=26–27}}
</ref> The district consists of 5 ], 10 ], 72 ], 211 mahallas, 103 union parishads and 2431 ]. Tangail is subdivided into 12 subdistricts ('']''/'']''). The name of the ''upuzilas'' are: Tangail Sadar, Sakhipur, Basail, Madhupur, Ghatail, Kalihati, Nagarpur, Mirzapur, Gopalpur, Delduar, Bhuapur and Dhanbari.


==Administration==
Tangail.
]The ] of Tangail was established in 1870. It was turned into a district on 1 December 1969.<ref>{{cite book |last=D. Shamsul Haque Mia |title=Education in Tangail |publisher=Tangail Forum |date=March 1999 |pages=26–27}}</ref> The district consists of 11 municipalities, 108 wards of these municipalities, ] and 2516 ].


Tangail district is subdivided into 12 ]s:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lged.gov.bd/DistrictArea2.aspx?Area=UnionParishad&DistrictID=18 |title=Local Government Engineering Department |access-date=12 February 2014}}</ref>
==Geography==
===River System===
{{essay-like|date=February 2012}}
<!--It also has strong flavor of plagiarism/copyright violation, though I have not been able to identify the source. Just one look at the markup, which strongly indicates a copy-paste job, is convincing enough.-->
The newly formed Tangail district is flanked on the west by
the mighty river ], which is no where less than 4 miles
wide during the rainy season. The Dhaleswari, first an old
channel of the Ganges and then of the Brahmaputra, cuts
across the south-western comer of the district on its powerful
sweep to join the Meghna near Narayanganj. The old, name of
Dhaleswari was "]". It used to flow afterwards by the
Salimabad Channel and then at last by Porabari Channell.
A part of the eastern boundary of the district runs close to
the Banar river. The river Bangshi flows almost down the
middle of the district, branching out from the old Brahmaputta
to the north from near ]. Bangshi falls into Dhaleswari
near Savar, in ] district. The Bangshi forms a natural
barrier to the Madhupur Jungle on the Tangail side, all the
way from Madhupur to ]. It is only fordable at
two or three places near Basail on its my to river ].
Dhaleswari itself however takes out from the Jamuna from
inside Tangail district.<br />
Among otter important rivers of the district, Lohajang is
worth mentioning. It flows past the district Headquarters of
Tangail and is almost dead at present (in moribwid conwtion),
Other rivers are Khiru, Nanglai Nadi, Atai, and Jhinai, The
old Brahmaputra's most important off-shoot is the Jhinai;
striking off near Jamalpur it rejoins the Jamuna north of
Sarishabari, while another branch flows past Gopalpur. Now
these Sub-systems of rivers, viz, Bangshi and Banar, and the
Lohajang, Khiru, Nangtai Nadi, Atia and Jhinai are all dying
out because of the shift of the old Brahmaputra river from its
former channel to the present Jamuna channel.<br />
The most important question in connection with the river
system of Tangail vis-a-vis Mymensingh district, is, when and
why, the Bmbmaputra river changed its main old channel
During the last 150 years or so, this diversion of the old
Brahmaputra to its present Jamuna channel, has considerably
prompted the geographers and the geologists as well to enquire
deep into it. Two theories are advanced. As explanation of
the diversion, one theory describes the gradua1 uplift of the
] Tract and a final trigger action of the Teesta diversion in 1787 as the chief factor; and the other theory states
that the Brahmaputra diversion resulted directly from a major
increase in its volume of water due to beheading of the Tsangpo
river of Tibet by Dihang, a tributary of the then small Brahmaputral. It has now been proved that the great Tibetan river
Tsangpo joined the Brahmaputra about 1780 and this accession
was more important than the Teesta floods in deciding the
Brahmaputra to try a shorter way to the sea.
With the help of Major James Rennel's maps (1764 to 1773)
and of the Revenue Survey it is possible to reconstruct the
history of the Bengal Delta and its river systems. It was Rennel
who carried out the first ever accurate cadestral surveys and
laid the basis for the geographical study of Bengal.
At the end of the 18th century probably as a result of the
great Tista floods in 1787, the Brahmaputra changed its course
and joined the Padma at Goulundo. It should be noted here
that no piece-meal study of an intricate river system is possible,
without distortion and inadequacy.
<br />
Even though we assume that the change in the course of
the main waters of the old Brahmaputra took place suddenly
in 1787, the year of the famous flooding of the Teesta river, it
should be taken note of, that the Teesta has been always
a wandering river, sometimes joining the Ganges, sometimes being
shifted oastwards by the superior strength of the river Ganges
and forced. to join the Brahmaputra at last.
<br />
Whatever might have been the cause, it is obvious that by
1830, the diversion of old Brahmaputra was complete, ushering
in a gradual but radical change in the river system of the
Tangail district. The old channel of the Brahmaputra had been
reduced to its present insignificance1.
<br />
In 1850 Sir Joseph Hooker wrote "we are surprised to hear
that within the last 20 years the main channel of Brahmaputra
had shifted its course westwards, its eastern channel silted up
so rapidly that the Jamuna eventually became the principal
stream.


{| class="wikitable sortable"
==Religion==
|-
{{Expand section|date=May 2011}}
! Name !! Population (1991) !! Population (2001) !! Population (2011)
|-
| ]|| 148,555 || 160,346 || 159,870
|-
| ]|| 177,095 || 190,910 || 189,913
|-
| ]|| 175,684 || 188,449 || 207,278
|-
| ]|| – || – || 176,068
|-
| ]|| 341,376 || 371,952 || 417,939
|-
| ]|| 252,747 || 274,273 || 252,331
|-
| ]|| 354,959 || 376,407 || 410,293
|-
| ]|| – || 422,889 || 296,729{{Efn|Madhupur upazila was divided into Madhupur and Dhanbari upazilas}}
|-
| ]|| 337,496 || 366,609 || 407,781
|-
| ]|| 238,422 || 258,431 || 288,092
|-
| ]|| 220,281 || 241,665 || 277,685
|-
| ]|| 380,518 || 438,765 || 521,104
|-
| '''Tangail District'''|| '''3,002,428'''|| '''3,290,696'''||'''3,605,083'''
|}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|align=center
|percentages=pagr
|1974 |2077924
|1981 |2442607
|1991 |3002428
|2001 |3290696
|2011 |3605083
|2022 |4037608
|footnote= Sources:<ref name="2022census" /><ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Tangail.pdf|title=Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Tangail|website=bbs.gov.bd|publisher=]}}</ref>
}}

According to the ], Tangail District had 1,061,746 households and a population of 4,037,608 with an average 3.75 people per household. Among the population, 696,537 (17.25%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,188 people per km<sup>2</sup>. Tangail District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 69.75%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1075 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 22.60% of the population lived in urban areas. Ethnic population was 23,708 (0.59%), of which 12,610 were ], 5,219 ] and 4,845 ].<ref name="2022census">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2023-11-20-05-20-e6676a7993679bfd72a663e39ef0cca7.pdf |title=Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report |publisher=] |date=November 2023 |isbn= |volume=1 |pages=}}</ref>

== Religion ==
{{bar box {{bar box
|title=Religion in Tangail District |title=Religions in Tangail District (2022)<ref name="2022census"/>
|titlebar=#F6F6F6 |titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion |left1=Religion
|right1=Percent |right1=Percent
|float=right |float=left
|bars= |bars=
{{bar percent|Islam|green|91.52}} {{bar percent|]|green|93.20}}
{{bar percent|Hinduism|orange|7.86}} {{bar percent|]|darkorange|6.37}}
{{bar percent|Christianity|blue|0.40}} {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.43}}
{{bar percent|Buddhism|yellow|0.58}}
}} }}

There are 3865 mosques, 735 temples, 44 churches and two ] temples In Tangail District.<ref name=BP-Tang>{{cite web|title=Tangail District|url=http://www.banglapedia.org/httpdocs/HT/T_0043.HTM|work=Banglapedia|publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh|accessdate=3 May 2011}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Religion in present-day Tangail District
! rowspan="2" |Religion
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="1941religion">{{cite web |title=Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/37365/GIPE-020591.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y }}</ref>{{rp|96–97}}{{Efn|1941 figures are for Tangail subdivision of erstwhile Mymensingh district, which roughly corresponds to the present district.}}
! colspan="2" |1981<ref name="census2011" />
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="census2011"/>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="census2011"/>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="census2011"/>
! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="2022census" />
|-
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
!{{Abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!%
|-
|] ]
|956,006
|73.83%
|2,212,613
|90.58%
|2,747,921
|91.52%
|3,042,937
|92.47%
|3,342,596
|92.72%
|3,762,822
|93.20%
|-
|] ]
|336,081
|25.96%
|219,856
|9.00%
|236,106
|7.86%
|234,088
|7.11%
|246,237
|6.83%
|257,351
|6.37%
|-
|] ]
|37
|0.00%
|7,328
|0.30%
|12,140
|0.40%
|12,820
|0.39%
|14,125
|0.39%
|15,191
|0.38%
|-
|Others {{efn|Including ], ], ], ], ], ]s, or not stated}}
|2,679
|0.21%
|2,810Mymensingh
|0.12%
|3,739
|0.22%
|851
|0.03%
|2,125
|0.06%
|2,244
|0.05%
|-
!Total Population
!1,294,803
!100%
!'''2,442,607'''
!100%
!3,002,428
!100%
!3,290,696
!100%
!3,605,083
!100%
!4,037,608
!100%
|}

In 2011, Muslims made up 92.72% and 6.83% were Hindus. There is a small population of Christians near ], mainly ] tribals, while other ethnic communities: the ] and Barman, are mainly Hindu and animist.<ref name="census">{{cite web |title=Bangladesh Population & Housing Census 2011 |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCenZilz2011/Zila_Tangail.pdf |access-date=6 July 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
The total area of the zila is 3414.28&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (1318.00 sq mi), of which 497.27&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (192.00 sq mi) is forested. The zila lies between 24° 01′ and 24° 47′ north latitudes and between 89° 44′ and 90° 18′ east longitudes.

=== Border ===
Jamalpur district in the north, Dhaka district and Manikganj district in the south, Mymensingh district and Gazipur district in the east, Sirajganj district in the west.

== River system ==
{{main|List of rivers of Bangladesh}}

Tangail district is flanked on the west by the ], which is over 4 miles wide during the rainy season. The Dhaleswari, first an old channel of the Ganges and then of the Brahmaputra, cuts across the southwestern comer of the district on its powerful sweep to join the Meghna near Narayanganj. The old name of Dhaleswari was "Gajghata". It used to flow afterward by the
] channel and then at last by ] channel.

A part of the eastern boundary of the district runs close to the Banar river. The river Bangshi flows almost down the middle of the district, branching out from the old Brahmaputra to the north from near ]. Bangshi falls into Dhaleswari near Savar, in ] district. The Bangshi forms a natural barrier to the Madhupur Jungle on the Tangail side, all the way from Madhupur to ]. It is only fordable at two or three places near Basail on its way to river ]. Dhaleswari itself, however, takes out from the Jamuna from inside Tangail district.

Among other important rivers of the district, Lohajang is worth mentioning. It flows past the district headquarters of Tangail and is almost dead at present (in moribund condition). Other rivers are Khiru, Nanglai Nadi, Atai, Elengjani, Fatikjani, Bairan and Jhinai. The old Brahmaputra's most important offshoot is the Jhinai; striking off near Jamalpur it rejoins the Jamuna north of Sarishabari, while another branch flows past Gopalpur. Now these subsystems of rivers, viz Bangshi and Banar, and the Lohajang, Khiru, Nangtai Nadi, Atia and Jhinai are dying out because of the shift of the old Brahmaputra river from its former channel to the present Jamuna channel.


==Education== ==Education==
The central school of Tangail is ] established in 1880. Bindu Basini Govt. Girls' High School was established in 1882. These two schools were patronized and endowed by ''Rani Bindubasini Roy Chowdhurany'' and were named after her. These are nationally rewarded double shift schools.
In Tangail, the average literacy is 29.6%; male 36.1%, female 22.4%. Before the ], some educational institutions were established by notable persons in Tangail.B.B.Govt Boys' High School was Established In 1880 and B.B.Govt Girls' High School was Established In 1882.Both are Located In Main Town. These are nationally Rewarded Double Shift School. In 1926, the ] was established by Wazed Ali Khan Panni, a ] and educationalist of Tangail. He named it after the name of his grandfather Saadat Ali Khan Panni. Govt. M.M.Ali College established by Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani at Kagmari (1&nbsp;km away from main city) is one of the topmost colleges in Bangladesh. Kumudini College established in 1943 by Ranada Prasad Saha (R.P.Saha), ] of Tangail. He named it after the name of his mother Kumudini. Later the college was converted into Kumudini Government Women's College. He also established Bharateswari Homes in 1945 at Mirzapur. He named it after his grandmother Bharateswari Devi. ], the third cadet college of Bangladesh established in 1963. The then president of ] ] ] took initiatives to establish this cadet college. Ex-President Major General Ziaur Rahman was the 1st Cadet and 1st college prefect of this Cadet College.


Santosh Jahnnabi High School was established in 1870. It is the oldest school in Tangail and the second oldest in the greater Mymensingh district. Shibnath High School, Vivekananda High school, Police Lines High School, Zilla Sadar Girls' High School are some high schools in Tangail.
Currently, there are 5 Government high schools in the ]. Among these schools, ] (1880) and ] (1882) were established by a zamindar of Santosh the famous Roy Chowdhury family who also are co-founder of East Bengal club of Calcutta, the Shibnath High School, the Ramkrishna Mission School are old schools and M.A.Karim High School established by Mr. Karim (Silimpur). Tangail has 341 non-government high schools, 86 satellite schools, 4 government colleges, 48 non-government colleges, 3 university colleges, 1 law college, 1 homeopathy college, 1 polytechnic institution, 1 medical assistant training school, 2 nursing institutes, 1 police academy, 202 ]s, 40 junior schools, 937 government primary schools, 395 non-government primary schools, 1 teachers' training school, 146 community primary schools and 1304 NGO operated schools. There is also a science and technology university named ] located at Santosh, Tangail. Tangail can boast of two of its sons, the Legendary Magician JaduSamrat P.C.Sarkar & First President of Swadhin (independent) Bangladesh Late Abu Syed Chowdhury son of Abdul Hamid Chowdhury.

In 1926, the ] was established by Wazed Ali Khan Panni, a ] and educationalist of Tangail. He named it after the name of his grandfather Saadat Ali Khan Panni. ] was established by Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani at Kagmari (1&nbsp;km from the main city) is one of the first government colleges in Bangladesh. ] was established in 1943 by Ranada Prasad Saha, philanthropist of Tangail. He named it after his mother Kumudini. Later the college was converted into Kumudini Government Women's College. He also established Bharateswari Homes in 1945 at Mirzapur. He named it after his grandmother Bharateswari Devi. ], the third cadet college of Bangladesh, was established in 1963. The then president of Pakistan ] ] took initiatives to establish this cadet college.

There is a technical university named ] at Santosh, Tangail. A government textile engineering college named Bangabandhu Textile Engineering College (BTEC) at Kalihati, Tangail was established in 2007. A government medical college named ] is located in Tangail. This medical college was established in 2014.

Tangail has 341 non-government high schools, 86 satellite schools, 5 government colleges, 48 non-government colleges, 3 university colleges, 1 textile engineering college, 1 medical college, 1 law college, 1 homoeopathy college, 1 textile institute,1 polytechnic institute, 1 Medical assistant training school, 2 nursing institutes, 1 police academy, 202 ]s, 40 secondary schools (SSC),<ref name="ssc result"></ref> 941 government primary schools, 395 non-government primary schools, 1 teachers' training school, 146 community primary schools and 1304 NGO-operated schools.

==Urbanization==
]
The urban growth rate of Tangail District is increasing as it is close to the capital of ], Dhaka. There are 11 ] in Tangail District. ] is planned to be converted into a ] in next couple of years alongside 11 other old district headquarters of Bangladesh.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Urban area !! Area (km2) !! No. of wards !! Population
|-
| ] || 29.43 || 18 || 750000
|-
| ] || 23.12 || 9 || 50,160
|-
| ] || 27.62 || 9 || 30,028
|-
| ] || 13.92 || 9 || 28,708
|-
| ] || 24.77 || 9 || 56,342
|-
| ] || 28.09 || 11 || 3,00,000
|-
| ] ||14.52 || 9 || 37,038
|-
| ] || 23.24 || 9 || 55,000
|-
| ] || || 9 || 13,496
|-
| ] || 8.58 || 9 || 28,602
|-
| ] || 8.58 || 9 || 28,602
|-
| ] || 25.62 || 9 || 36,125
|}


== Economy == == Economy ==
]
{{Expand section|examples and additional citations|date=April 2011}}
]
Agriculture is the main occupation of the Tangail district. About 49.53% people are involved with agricultural activities. Its main agricultural products are ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. About 3,386.53&nbsp;km² cultivable lands are available in Tangail. The main fruit products are ], ], ]s, ]s, and ]. Other sectors, such as ] (446), ] (189), ], ] and poultry farms (538) are also developing in the Tangail district. Tangail is the home of the weavers of world famous "Tangail ]" a handloom saree made of both cotton and silk thread having handworked butti design or all over flowery design or contemporary art motiff appreciated, bought, and used by women's & girls of Bangladesh and Indian origin living all over the world. Tangail Saree is the most popular among all sarees. Some of the Weavers have migrated to India after partition in 1947. Haridas Basak a leading Saree merchant in Tangail who helped the weavers to settledown at Fulia, Samudragarh and Dhatrigram in west Bengal his Saree shop is still in Tangail.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the Tangail district. About 49.53% of people are involved with agricultural activities. Its main agricultural products are ], potato, ], ], ], ], wheat, ] and ]. About {{cvt|3,386.53|km2}} of cultivable lands are available in Tangail. The main fruit products are ], ], bananas, ]s, and ]. Other sectors, such as ] (446), ] (189), industries, ] and poultry farms (538) are developing in the Tangail district. Tangail is the home of the weavers of the world-famous "Tangail ]".
Tangail Polytechnic Institute Side of the new Bus Stand.


== Transport == ===Sarees===
{{Expand section|date=April 2011}}
Tangail is connected with the rest of the country by both road and broad gauge rail lines. Rickhsaw ist the most common mode of transport in the city. Several intercity buses operate regular routes from the Mohakhali Bus Terminal in Dhaka. There are also regular buses from the northern side of the country.
Nirala super service is the nonstop bus service


Tangail Saree a handloom saree made of cotton and silk thread having hand-worked butte design, all-over flowery design, or contemporary art motif is appreciated, bought, and used by women and girls of Bangladeshi and Indian origin all over the world. Tangail Saris are famous at home and abroad. Large numbers of sarees are sold on the occasion of Eid, Puja, ] and wedding season between November and February. The weavers get orders from home and abroad. Tangail Sarees are produced in ], ] and ]. ] in Delduar Upazila and Barabelta, Kabilapara (Porabari Union) in Sadar Upazila are famous for fine and expensive sarees.
==Footnotes==
Books:
1.History of Rowha, a small village of Ghatail: Kamruzzaman Mihir.
2.Sristy education family tangail.
3.Education welfare Trust, Nordahi,Kalihati,Tangail. It is a service institution.


A survey conducted in 2013 said there were 60,000 looms in Tangail. Of them, 8,305 are pit looms, 51,141 are Chittranjan looms and 892 are power looms. About {{formatnum:325000}} labourers, owners and traders are connected with the profession. The factories have been producing Tangail sarees worth Tk 300-Tk 20,000 apiece.<ref>{{cite news |title=Weaving industry hit hard by political unrest |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=249774:weaving-industry-hit-hard-by-political-unrest&catid=95:national&Itemid=141 |newspaper=The Independent |location=Dhaka |date=2 March 2015}}</ref>
==References==
<references />


==External links== ===Industry===
*


There are many industries growing rapidly in Gorai Industrial Area. These include Square Group, Nasir Glassware industry, Olympic Battery, North Bengal cycle industry, and Tangail Cotton mill. There are many garments and textiles in Gorai. BSCIC Tarotia also has some industries. Alauddin Textile mill is in Tangail.
{{Divisions and districts of Bangladesh}}


<!-- Only people who already have a wikipedia article or are strongly associated with a wikipedia article are to be included. People with a strong reliable citation should be taken to the talkpage for discussion. -->
<!--Stubs-->


== Notable people ==
<!--Categories-->
<!-- Only people who already have a wikipedia article or are strongly associated with a wikipedia article are to be included. People with a strong reliable citation should be taken to the talkpage for discussion. Alphabetical order by last name please.-->
]
* ], magician
]
* ], poet and literary personality
]
* ], Member of Jatiya Sangsad
* ], ]
* ], He served as the first vice-chancellor of ]. He was a founding fellow of the ]. He headed the National Education Commission in 1987 (popularly called Mofiz Commission named after him), was the founding President of the ]. He was also appointed as the Chairman of the ]
* ], physicist, former Secretary General ]
* ], Islamic scholar and political leader
* ], Agricultural Scientist, Minister of Agriculture(2019-), Food (2009–2013) and a Presidium Member of Bangladesh Awami League.
* ], economist
* ], politician
* ], politician and ]
* ], politician
* ], politician
* ], politician
* ], chief of Bangladesh Navy
* ], politician, first General Secretary of ]
* ], ]
* ], ]
* ], politician
* ], politician
* ], businessman and philanthropist
* ], politician and Ekushey Padak award recipients


==Members of tenth Jatiyo Sangsad (2014–present)==
<!--Other languages-->
The members of the national parliament are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/current-mp-s/list-of-10th-parliament-members-english |title=List of 10th Parliament Members |website=Bangladesh Parliament |access-date=25 May 2014}}</ref>
* ] Seat 130: ] from ]
* ] Seat 131: ] from ]
* ] Seat 132: ] from Awami League * Present day : ] from Awami League
* ] Seat 133: Hasan Imam khan Sohel Hazari from Awami League
* ] Seat 134: ] from Awami League
* ] Seat 135: ] from Awami League
* ] Seat 136: ] from Awami League; ], former cabinet member of national parliament
* ] Seat 137: ] from Awami League


==See also==
]
] * ] by the Indian Army in 1971
] * ]
* ]
]
] * ]
* ]
]
* ] magician who born in Tangail & known as the father of modern Indian magic.
]

]
==Notes==
]
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Divisions and districts of Bangladesh}}
{{Authority control}}

]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 19:42, 9 January 2025

District in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh This article is about the district. For the city, see Tangail. For the upazila, see Tangail Sadar Upazila.

District of Bangladesh in Dhaka
Tangail District টাঙ্গাইল জেলা
District of Bangladesh
201 Dome Mosque, Mohera Zamindar Bari, Dhanbari Mosque, Tangail Gate, Atia Mosque, Pakutia Zamindar Bari
Location of Tangail District in BangladeshLocation of Tangail District in Bangladesh
Expandable map of Tangail District
Coordinates: 24°18′N 90°00′E / 24.30°N 90.00°E / 24.30; 90.00
Country Bangladesh
DivisionDhaka
HeadquartersTangail
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerJashim Uddin Haider
Area
 • District of Bangladesh3,414.28 km (1,318.26 sq mi)
 • Metro29.52 km (11.40 sq mi)
Population
 • District of Bangladesh4,037,608
 • Rank5th in Bangladesh
 • Density1,200/km (3,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code1900
Area code0921
ISO 3166 codeBD-63
HDI (2018)0.574
medium · 18th of 21
Websitetangail.gov.bd

Tangail District (Bengali: টাঙ্গাইল জেলা, romanized: Ṭāṅgāila Jēlā) is a district (zila) in the central region of Bangladesh. In 1969, Tangail mahakuma was separated from Mymensingh district, and a district of the same name as the mahakuma's was created. The district consists of 237 square kilometers of the prior mahakuma and 3177 square kilometers of land acquired from Mymensingh district. It is the largest district of Dhaka division by area and second largest by population (after Dhaka district). The population of Tangail zila is about 4 million and its area is 3,414.28 square kilometres (1,318.26 sq mi). The main city of the district is Tangail. It is surrounded by Jamalpur District on the north, the Dhaka and Manikganj Districts on the south, Mymensingh and Gazipur on the east, and Sirajganj on the west.

History

Provincial Map of Bengal showing Greater Mymensingh Area (present Mymensingh Division with Tangail and Kishoreganj) in 1917

Until 1969, Tangail was a part of Greater Mymensingh. In 1969 the Tangail District was established. Tangail district was created by Tangail Mohokuma from its 237 square kilometers of land and 3177 square kilometers of land acquired from Mymensingh district. The main rivers that cross the Tangail district are the Jamuna, Dhaleshwari, Jhenai, Bangshi, Louhajang, Langulia, Elongjani, Jugni, Pouli, Fotikjani and the Turag.

Administration

Upazilas of Tangail

The subdivision of Tangail was established in 1870. It was turned into a district on 1 December 1969. The district consists of 11 municipalities, 108 wards of these municipalities, 109 Union Parishads and 2516 villages.

Tangail district is subdivided into 12 Upazilas:

Name Population (1991) Population (2001) Population (2011)
Basail 148,555 160,346 159,870
Bhuapur 177,095 190,910 189,913
Delduar 175,684 188,449 207,278
Dhanbari – – 176,068
Ghatail 341,376 371,952 417,939
Gopalpur 252,747 274,273 252,331
Kalihati 354,959 376,407 410,293
Madhupur – 422,889 296,729
Mirzapur 337,496 366,609 407,781
Nagarpur 238,422 258,431 288,092
Sakhipur 220,281 241,665 277,685
Tangail Sadar 380,518 438,765 521,104
Tangail District 3,002,428 3,290,696 3,605,083

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1974 2,077,924—    
1981 2,442,607+2.34%
1991 3,002,428+2.08%
2001 3,290,696+0.92%
2011 3,605,083+0.92%
2022 4,037,608+1.04%
Sources:

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Tangail District had 1,061,746 households and a population of 4,037,608 with an average 3.75 people per household. Among the population, 696,537 (17.25%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 1,188 people per km. Tangail District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 69.75%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1075 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 22.60% of the population lived in urban areas. Ethnic population was 23,708 (0.59%), of which 12,610 were Garo, 5,219 Barman and 4,845 Koch.

Religion

Religions in Tangail District (2022)
Religion Percent
Islam   93.20%
Hinduism   6.37%
Other or not stated   0.43%
Religion in present-day Tangail District
Religion 1941 1981 1991 2001 2011 2022
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 956,006 73.83% 2,212,613 90.58% 2,747,921 91.52% 3,042,937 92.47% 3,342,596 92.72% 3,762,822 93.20%
Hinduism 336,081 25.96% 219,856 9.00% 236,106 7.86% 234,088 7.11% 246,237 6.83% 257,351 6.37%
Christianity 37 0.00% 7,328 0.30% 12,140 0.40% 12,820 0.39% 14,125 0.39% 15,191 0.38%
Others 2,679 0.21% 2,810Mymensingh 0.12% 3,739 0.22% 851 0.03% 2,125 0.06% 2,244 0.05%
Total Population 1,294,803 100% 2,442,607 100% 3,002,428 100% 3,290,696 100% 3,605,083 100% 4,037,608 100%

In 2011, Muslims made up 92.72% and 6.83% were Hindus. There is a small population of Christians near Madhupur National Park, mainly Garo tribals, while other ethnic communities: the Koch and Barman, are mainly Hindu and animist.

Geography

The total area of the zila is 3414.28 km (1318.00 sq mi), of which 497.27 km (192.00 sq mi) is forested. The zila lies between 24° 01′ and 24° 47′ north latitudes and between 89° 44′ and 90° 18′ east longitudes.

Border

Jamalpur district in the north, Dhaka district and Manikganj district in the south, Mymensingh district and Gazipur district in the east, Sirajganj district in the west.

River system

Main article: List of rivers of Bangladesh

Tangail district is flanked on the west by the Jamuna River, which is over 4 miles wide during the rainy season. The Dhaleswari, first an old channel of the Ganges and then of the Brahmaputra, cuts across the southwestern comer of the district on its powerful sweep to join the Meghna near Narayanganj. The old name of Dhaleswari was "Gajghata". It used to flow afterward by the Salimabad channel and then at last by Porabari channel.

A part of the eastern boundary of the district runs close to the Banar river. The river Bangshi flows almost down the middle of the district, branching out from the old Brahmaputra to the north from near Jamalpur. Bangshi falls into Dhaleswari near Savar, in Dhaka district. The Bangshi forms a natural barrier to the Madhupur Jungle on the Tangail side, all the way from Madhupur to Mirzapur Upazila. It is only fordable at two or three places near Basail on its way to river Meghna. Dhaleswari itself, however, takes out from the Jamuna from inside Tangail district.

Among other important rivers of the district, Lohajang is worth mentioning. It flows past the district headquarters of Tangail and is almost dead at present (in moribund condition). Other rivers are Khiru, Nanglai Nadi, Atai, Elengjani, Fatikjani, Bairan and Jhinai. The old Brahmaputra's most important offshoot is the Jhinai; striking off near Jamalpur it rejoins the Jamuna north of Sarishabari, while another branch flows past Gopalpur. Now these subsystems of rivers, viz Bangshi and Banar, and the Lohajang, Khiru, Nangtai Nadi, Atia and Jhinai are dying out because of the shift of the old Brahmaputra river from its former channel to the present Jamuna channel.

Education

The central school of Tangail is Bindu Basini Govt. Boys' High School established in 1880. Bindu Basini Govt. Girls' High School was established in 1882. These two schools were patronized and endowed by Rani Bindubasini Roy Chowdhurany and were named after her. These are nationally rewarded double shift schools.

Santosh Jahnnabi High School was established in 1870. It is the oldest school in Tangail and the second oldest in the greater Mymensingh district. Shibnath High School, Vivekananda High school, Police Lines High School, Zilla Sadar Girls' High School are some high schools in Tangail.

In 1926, the Government Saadat College was established by Wazed Ali Khan Panni, a zamindar and educationalist of Tangail. He named it after the name of his grandfather Saadat Ali Khan Panni. Govt. M. M. Ali College was established by Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani at Kagmari (1 km from the main city) is one of the first government colleges in Bangladesh. Kumudini College was established in 1943 by Ranada Prasad Saha, philanthropist of Tangail. He named it after his mother Kumudini. Later the college was converted into Kumudini Government Women's College. He also established Bharateswari Homes in 1945 at Mirzapur. He named it after his grandmother Bharateswari Devi. Mirzapur Cadet College, the third cadet college of Bangladesh, was established in 1963. The then president of Pakistan Field Marshal Ayub Khan took initiatives to establish this cadet college.

There is a technical university named Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University at Santosh, Tangail. A government textile engineering college named Bangabandhu Textile Engineering College (BTEC) at Kalihati, Tangail was established in 2007. A government medical college named Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Tangail is located in Tangail. This medical college was established in 2014.

Tangail has 341 non-government high schools, 86 satellite schools, 5 government colleges, 48 non-government colleges, 3 university colleges, 1 textile engineering college, 1 medical college, 1 law college, 1 homoeopathy college, 1 textile institute,1 polytechnic institute, 1 Medical assistant training school, 2 nursing institutes, 1 police academy, 202 madrasas, 40 secondary schools (SSC), 941 government primary schools, 395 non-government primary schools, 1 teachers' training school, 146 community primary schools and 1304 NGO-operated schools.

Urbanization

Tangail City

The urban growth rate of Tangail District is increasing as it is close to the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka. There are 11 municipalities in Tangail District. Tangail municipality is planned to be converted into a City Corporation in next couple of years alongside 11 other old district headquarters of Bangladesh.

Urban area Area (km2) No. of wards Population
Tangail 29.43 18 750000
Gopalpur 23.12 9 50,160
Sakhipur 27.62 9 30,028
Bhuapur 13.92 9 28,708
Madhupur 24.77 9 56,342
Ghatail 28.09 11 3,00,000
Kalihati 14.52 9 37,038
Elenga 23.24 9 55,000
Basail 9 13,496
Mirzapur 8.58 9 28,602
Nagarpur 8.58 9 28,602
Dhanbari 25.62 9 36,125

Economy

Jackfruit, Modhupur Tangail
Rubber garden, Pirgacha, Tangail

Agriculture is the main occupation of the Tangail district. About 49.53% of people are involved with agricultural activities. Its main agricultural products are paddy, potato, jute, sugarcane, sesame, linseed, wheat, mustard seed and pulse. About 3,386.53 km (1,307.55 sq mi) of cultivable lands are available in Tangail. The main fruit products are mangos, jackfruit, bananas, litchis, and pineapples. Other sectors, such as fisheries (446), dairies (189), industries, weaving and poultry farms (538) are developing in the Tangail district. Tangail is the home of the weavers of the world-famous "Tangail Saree".

Sarees

Tangail Saree a handloom saree made of cotton and silk thread having hand-worked butte design, all-over flowery design, or contemporary art motif is appreciated, bought, and used by women and girls of Bangladeshi and Indian origin all over the world. Tangail Saris are famous at home and abroad. Large numbers of sarees are sold on the occasion of Eid, Puja, Pahela Boishakh and wedding season between November and February. The weavers get orders from home and abroad. Tangail Sarees are produced in Tangail Sadar Upazila, Delduar Upazila and Kalihati Upazila. Pathrail in Delduar Upazila and Barabelta, Kabilapara (Porabari Union) in Sadar Upazila are famous for fine and expensive sarees.

A survey conducted in 2013 said there were 60,000 looms in Tangail. Of them, 8,305 are pit looms, 51,141 are Chittranjan looms and 892 are power looms. About 325,000 labourers, owners and traders are connected with the profession. The factories have been producing Tangail sarees worth Tk 300-Tk 20,000 apiece.

Industry

There are many industries growing rapidly in Gorai Industrial Area. These include Square Group, Nasir Glassware industry, Olympic Battery, North Bengal cycle industry, and Tangail Cotton mill. There are many garments and textiles in Gorai. BSCIC Tarotia also has some industries. Alauddin Textile mill is in Tangail.


Notable people

Members of tenth Jatiyo Sangsad (2014–present)

The members of the national parliament are:

See also

Notes

  1. Madhupur upazila was divided into Madhupur and Dhanbari upazilas
  2. 1941 figures are for Tangail subdivision of erstwhile Mymensingh district, which roughly corresponds to the present district.
  3. Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References

  1. ^ Population and Housing Census 2022 National Report (PDF). Vol. 1. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. November 2023.
  2. "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  3. "Tangail P-XV" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  4. D. Shamsul Haque Mia (March 1999). Education in Tangail. Tangail Forum. pp. 26–27.
  5. "Local Government Engineering Department". Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  6. ^ "Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011 Zila Report – Tangail" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.
  7. "Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF).
  8. "Bangladesh Population & Housing Census 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  9. Secondary School Certificate (SSC)
  10. "Weaving industry hit hard by political unrest". The Independent. Dhaka. 2 March 2015.
  11. "List of 10th Parliament Members". Bangladesh Parliament. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
Bangladesh Divisions and districts of Bangladesh
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