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{{Short description|Bohemian physician, politician and philosopher}}
⚫ ] by ], 1617]]
{{Infobox scientist
⚫ | name =Jan Jesenius
| image=Jan Jesenius.jpg
⚫ | caption =''D(ominus) Iohan(nes) Iessenius a Iessen olim Vitenberg, nunc Carolinae Prag(ae) Acad(emiae) rector purpuratus''. A contemporary ] by ], 1617
| birth_date=December 27, 1566
| birth_place=], ], ]<br>(now Wrocław, ])
| death_date=June 21, 1621 (aged 54)
| death_place=], ], ]<br>(now the ])
| doctoral_advisor = ]
| doctoral_students = ]
| known_for=physician<br />politician<br />philosopher
⚫ }}


'''Jan Jesenius''' (also written as '''Jessenius''' or ''Jeszenszky János'' in ] or ''Ján Jesenský'' in ]; December 27, 1566, ] – June 21, 1621, ]) was a ]-born Bohemian ], ] and ]. He is renowned rather for his tragic fate than for his work in the field of anatomy and surgery. '''Jan Jesenius''', also written as '''Jessenius''' ({{langx|de|Johannes Jessenius}}, {{langx|hu|Jeszenszky János}}, {{langx|sk|Ján Jesenský}}; December 27, 1566 – June 21, 1621), was a ]n ], ] and ].


⚫ ==Life==
⚫ He studied at the Elisabeth gymnasium in Wrocław and since 1583 at the ], 1585 at ], and 1588 ].
===Early years===
He was from an old noble family, the ], originally from the ]. He presented himself in his own works as ''eques Ungarus'' ("Hungarian ]").<ref name = Trencsenyi /> According to scholar publications, he had ],<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTwmAQAAMAAJ&q=Jesenius |title=Slovakia: from Samo to Dzurinda - Peter A. Toma, Dušan Kováč - Google Books |isbn=9780817999520 |access-date=2014-04-12|last1=Toma |first1=Peter A. |last2=Kovac |first2=Dusan |last3=Kováč |first3=Dušan |year=2001 |publisher=Hoover Institution Press }}</ref> ] or ]<ref name="Trencsenyi">Balázs Trencsényi, Márton Zászkaliczky: ''Whose Love of Which Country?'', Brill, 2010 </ref> roots. His father, Boldizsár Jeszenszky de Nagyjeszen, left ] (today the ] region in ]) because of the Ottomans' military campaign against ] and settled down in ] in 1555. He married Marta Schülerin, who came from a wealthy German bourgeois family.<ref>Ruttkay László: {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220164506/http://orvostortenet.hu/tankonyvek/tk-05/pdf/5.1.8/1962_024_ruttkay_laszlo_orvos_jessenius.pdf |date=2016-12-20 }}</ref>


⚫ Jesenius was born in ] (Wrocław), where he studied at the Elisabeth gymnasium. From 1583 he studied at the ], from 1585 at the ], and from 1588 at the ].
⚫ ==Medical achievements==
⚫ Since 1593 physician of Prince of ]; 1594 professor of ] at the ]; after 1600 settled down in ] as professor and anatomical consultant for ]; in 1617 elected ] of the ].


⚫ === Professional achievements ===
⚫ In 1600 he attracted considerable public interest by performing a public ] in Prague. (His notes on the autopsy were published in 2005 by ], a publishing house of the Charles University of Prague.)<ref> (in Czech) – on web pages of the Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague</ref>
⚫ His most important philosophical work was ''Zoroaster'' (1593), a work of universal philosophy which attempted to recover the lost wisdom of the ancients.


⚫ From 1593 Jesenius was the physician of the Prince of ], and from 1594 professor of ] at the ]. After 1600 he settled down in ] as professor and anatomical consultant for ].
⚫ ==Political career==
⚫ He was an excellent diplomat and orator, and after the dethroning of ]s in the ], he took several diplomatic missions for ] and for the newly-elected king ]. After the defeat of ] by ] in 1620 (]), Jesenius was arrested in ] after being sent as a deputy by the Bohemian estates, and was held in a prison of ]. In December, he was released in exchange for two Habsburg captives.
⚫ There is a legend that before his release, he wrote an inscription '''IMMMM''' on the wall of his prison cell. Ferdinand explained this as ''Imperator Mathias Mense Martio Morietur'' (] for "] will die in the month of March"), and he wrote another prophecy next to it: ''Iesseni, Mentiris, Mala Morte Morieris'' ("Jesenius, you lie, you will die a horrible death").


⚫ In 1600 he attracted considerable public interest by performing a public ] in Prague. (His notes on the autopsy were published in 2005 by ], a publishing house of Charles University of Prague.)<ref> (in Czech) – on web pages of the Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague</ref>
⚫ Both predictions came true: Emperor Mathias died on March 1619, and Jesenius was ], including ], on the ] in 1621.


In 1617 he was elected ] of ].
⚫ His most important philosophical work was Zoroaster (1593), a work of universal philosophy which attempted to recover the lost wisdom of the ancients.


⚫ === Political career ===
⚫ ==See also==
⚫ He was also a diplomat and orator, and after the dethroning of ]s in the ], he took several diplomatic missions for ] and for the newly elected king ].
*]
⚫ *]


⚫ In 1618, Jesenius was arrested in ] (Bratislava) after being sent as a deputy by the Bohemian estates, and was held in a prison of ]. In December, he was released in exchange for two Habsburg captives. There is a legend that, before his release, he wrote the inscription ''IMMMM'' on the wall of his prison cell. Ferdinand explained this as ''Imperator Mathias Mense Martio Morietur'' (] for "] will die in the month of March"), and he wrote another prophecy next to it: ''Iesseni, Mentiris, Mala Morte Morieris'' ("Jesenius, you lie, you will die a horrible death").
⚫ ==Notes==
<references/>


⚫ Both predictions came true: Emperor Mathias died in March 1619, and Jesenius was arrested after the defeat of ] by ] in 1620 (]) and ], on the ] in 1621.
⚫ ==References==

⚫ * Ruttkay László: Jeszenszky (Jessenius) János és kora 1566-1621, Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum és Könyvtár, Budapest, 1971. {{Hu icon}}
==Legacy==
⚫ * Ľudo Zúbek: Doktor Jesenius, Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 1966. {{Hu icon}}
===Commemoration===
⚫ * Ľudo Zúbek: Doktor Jesenius, Szlovákiai Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó-Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó, Bratislava(Pozsony)-Budapest, 1958. {{Hu icon}}
]
Jesenius was honored during the 450th anniversary of his birth (2016) by a postage stamp jointly issued by Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, & Slovakia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hungary - Postage stamps - 2016 - The 450th Anniversaery of the Birth of Jan Jessenius, 1566–1621 - Joint Issue with Czech Republic, Poland & Slovakia |url=https://www.stampworld.com/stamps/Hungary/Postage-stamps/g5874// |access-date=2024-10-16 |website=www.stampworld.com}}</ref>

⚫ == See also ==
⚫ * ]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

⚫ == References ==
⚫ * {{Interlanguage link|Ľudo Zúbek|sk}}: Doktor Jesenius, Szlovákiai Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó-Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó, Bratislava(Pozsony)-Budapest, 1958. {{in lang|hu}}
⚫ * Ľudo Zúbek: Doktor Jesenius, ] Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 1966. {{in lang|hu}}
⚫ * ]: Jeszenszky (Jessenius) János és kora 1566–1621, Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum és Könyvtár, Budapest, 1971. {{in lang|hu}}

{{Authority control}}

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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| NAME = Jesenius, Jan
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1566
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1621
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫ }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jesenius, Jan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jesenius, Jan}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
⚫ ]

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⚫ ]
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⚫ ]
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]

Latest revision as of 01:30, 22 December 2024

Bohemian physician, politician and philosopher
Jan Jesenius
D(ominus) Iohan(nes) Iessenius a Iessen olim Vitenberg, nunc Carolinae Prag(ae) Acad(emiae) rector purpuratus. A contemporary copperplate by Matthäus Merian, 1617
BornDecember 27, 1566
Breslau, Silesia, Crown of Bohemia
(now Wrocław, Poland)
DiedJune 21, 1621 (aged 54)
Prague, Bohemia, Crown of Bohemia
(now the Czech Republic)
Known forphysician
politician
philosopher
Scientific career
Doctoral advisorHieronymus Fabricius
Doctoral studentsDaniel Sennert

Jan Jesenius, also written as Jessenius (German: Johannes Jessenius, Hungarian: Jeszenszky János, Slovak: Ján Jesenský; December 27, 1566 – June 21, 1621), was a Bohemian physician, politician and philosopher.

Life

Early years

He was from an old noble family, the House of Jeszenszky, originally from the Kingdom of Hungary. He presented himself in his own works as eques Ungarus ("Hungarian knight"). According to scholar publications, he had Slovak, Polish or German roots. His father, Boldizsár Jeszenszky de Nagyjeszen, left Turóc County (today the Turiec region in Slovakia) because of the Ottomans' military campaign against Upper Hungary and settled down in Silesia in 1555. He married Marta Schülerin, who came from a wealthy German bourgeois family.

Jesenius was born in Breslau (Wrocław), where he studied at the Elisabeth gymnasium. From 1583 he studied at the University of Wittenberg, from 1585 at the University of Leipzig, and from 1588 at the University of Padua.

Professional achievements

His most important philosophical work was Zoroaster (1593), a work of universal philosophy which attempted to recover the lost wisdom of the ancients.

From 1593 Jesenius was the physician of the Prince of Saxony, and from 1594 professor of anatomy at the University of Wittenberg. After 1600 he settled down in Prague as professor and anatomical consultant for Rudolf II, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor.

In 1600 he attracted considerable public interest by performing a public autopsy in Prague. (His notes on the autopsy were published in 2005 by Karolinum, a publishing house of Charles University of Prague.)

In 1617 he was elected rector of Charles University of Prague.

Political career

He was also a diplomat and orator, and after the dethroning of Habsburgs in the Crown of Bohemia, he took several diplomatic missions for Bohemian estates and for the newly elected king Frederick of the Palatinate.

In 1618, Jesenius was arrested in Pressburg (Bratislava) after being sent as a deputy by the Bohemian estates, and was held in a prison of Vienna. In December, he was released in exchange for two Habsburg captives. There is a legend that, before his release, he wrote the inscription IMMMM on the wall of his prison cell. Ferdinand explained this as Imperator Mathias Mense Martio Morietur (Latin for "Emperor Mathias will die in the month of March"), and he wrote another prophecy next to it: Iesseni, Mentiris, Mala Morte Morieris ("Jesenius, you lie, you will die a horrible death").

Both predictions came true: Emperor Mathias died in March 1619, and Jesenius was arrested after the defeat of King Frederick of Bohemia by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1620 (Battle of White Mountain) and executed, along with 26 other Bohemian estates leaders, on the Old Town Square in 1621.

Legacy

Commemoration

Hungary stamp #5874 commemorating Jan Jessenius
Hungary stamp #5874 commemorating Jan Jessenius

Jesenius was honored during the 450th anniversary of his birth (2016) by a postage stamp jointly issued by Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, & Slovakia.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Balázs Trencsényi, Márton Zászkaliczky: Whose Love of Which Country?, Brill, 2010
  2. Royal College of Physicians of London
  3. Studia historica Slovac. Historical Institute SAV
  4. Toma, Peter A.; Kovac, Dusan; Kováč, Dušan (2001). Slovakia: from Samo to Dzurinda - Peter A. Toma, Dušan Kováč - Google Books. Hoover Institution Press. ISBN 9780817999520. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
  5. Ruttkay László: Az orvos Jessenius mint történetíró Archived 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine
  6. History of Anatomy in the Czech Lands (1600–1746) (in Czech) – on web pages of the Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague
  7. "Hungary - Postage stamps - 2016 - The 450th Anniversaery of the Birth of Jan Jessenius, 1566–1621 - Joint Issue with Czech Republic, Poland & Slovakia". www.stampworld.com. Retrieved 2024-10-16.

References

  • Ľudo Zúbek [sk]: Doktor Jesenius, Szlovákiai Szépirodalmi Könyvkiadó-Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó, Bratislava(Pozsony)-Budapest, 1958. (in Hungarian)
  • Ľudo Zúbek: Doktor Jesenius, Móra Ferenc Könyvkiadó, Budapest, 1966. (in Hungarian)
  • Ruttkay László: Jeszenszky (Jessenius) János és kora 1566–1621, Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum és Könyvtár, Budapest, 1971. (in Hungarian)

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