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{{short description|Japanese word and pornographic genre}}
'''Futanari''' (a compound word meaning "double form" in ]) can mean both the subjects of a special type of ] ] or ], (commonly known in the West as ]) or the genre itself. Futanari depicts ] or ].
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{{Anime and manga}}


{{nihongo|'''''Futanari'''''|ふたなり||seldom: {{lang|ja|二形}}, {{lang|ja|双形}}, literally: ''dual form''; {{lang|ja|二成}}, {{lang|ja|双成}}, literally: " two kinds"}} is the ] word for ], which is also used in a broader sense for ].<ref name="Leupp">{{cite book |last=Leupp |first=Gary P. |title=Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a6q-PqPDAmIC&q=futanari&pg=PA174 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley, CA |date=1995 |page=174 |access-date=11 March 2016 |isbn=9780520919198}}</ref><ref name="krauss">{{in lang|de}} Krauss, Friedrich Salomo et al. ''Japanisches Geschlechtsleben: Abhandlungen und Erhebungen über das Geschlechtsleben des japanischen Volkes; folkloristische Studien'', Schustek, 1965</ref>{{rp|79, 81}}
Other common terms used to describe futanari characters are "dickgirls" or "shemales", although these are often considered vulgar. "Futanari", and also "Newhalf", are more polite terms having come into recent use, with "Futanari" tending to refer specifically to actual hermaphrodites and "Newhalf" tending to refer specifically to characters with female bodies but only male genitals.


Beyond Japan, the term has come to be used to describe a ] of ], ], and ], which includes characters that show primary sexual characteristics from both ]s and ]s.<ref name="Leupp"/> In today's language, it refers almost exclusively to characters who have a female or overall feminine body, but have both female and male primary genitalia (although a ] is not always present, while ], a ], and a ] are). The term is also often abbreviated as '''''futa'''''(s), which is also used as a generalized term for the works themselves.<ref name="krauss"/>
Actual transsexuals who have not had ] may or may not be pleased to be referred to by these terms. The polite choice is to mirror their own word-choices - with the caveat that, like any minority, what's an insult from an outsider may be an ironic term of bonding from another insider.


==Historic origins==
It can be argued that futanari branched off of ] or ], as depictions are similar to these two and not to regular hentai. Others say it is a slightly more mundane branch of "] hentai", which sometimes features mythological creatures or figures.
]'') representing ''{{lang|ja-latn|dōsojin}}'' found near ]]]
The most accredited etymology of the word comes from an ''emakimono'', a type of painted hand scroll, titled ''Yamai No Soushi'' ("Scroll of Illness"), drawn between the ] and the ]. In it are several depictions of individuals who possess traits of both typical male and female genitalia. The word ''futanari'' is used in the passage "You shall see how they possess both male and female roots. Truly they are of both forms/kinds/or aspects (futanari)."<ref>{{cite web |title=Diseases and Deformities (Yamai no Sōshi) |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/diseases-and-deformities-yamai-no-s%C5%8Dshi/vwUxsMohoOz3Jg |website=Google Arts & Culture |access-date=2024-05-25}}</ref>

Japanese ] created diverse fantasies related to ]. Traditional vocal pieces that date back hundreds of years deliver rough evidence that a change of gender was not ruled out,<ref name="krauss" />{{rp|78–79}} and that the representation of the gender was used to worship deities such as ''{{lang|ja-latn|]}}'', which sometimes had ambiguous gender, being neither male nor female. Gary Leupp adds that the origins might even reach back to the origins of ], since the deities would not necessarily have a fixed or determinable gender.<ref name="Leupp" />

Likewise, the belief spread that some people could change their gender depending on the ]. The term {{nihongo|half-moon|半月|hangetsu}} was coined to describe such beings.<ref name="krauss"/>{{rp|79}} ], which made distinguishing men from women more difficult, as in other cultures, presumably might have had an influence on this development.<ref name="krauss"/>{{rp|80}} To restrict women from accessing prohibited areas and to avoid smuggling by hiding items in the belt bag<!-- loose clothes which let much room to hide stuff above the belt-->, guard posts were assigned to perform body checks. Historical records indicate that guards liked to joke about this matter quite frequently, resulting in various stories and even poems.<ref name="krauss"/>{{rp|80}} Whether anatomical anomalies, such as ] or ], led to these assumptions remains an open question.<ref name="krauss"/>

Until 1644, when '']'' actors were required to adopt male hairstyles regardless of the gender they were portraying, actors playing characters such as female warriors capitalized on the interest in the ''futanari'' quality, which was common in both '']'' and commoner society.<ref name="Leupp"/>

==In anime and manga==
]
Originally, the Japanese language referred to any character or real person that possessed masculine and feminine traits as ''futanari.''{{Citation needed|reason=Literally any sort of credible evidence needed for this statement, signed, a Japanese-speaker|date=December 2022}} This changed in the 1990s, as drawn futanari characters became more popular in '']'' and '']''. Today, the term commonly refers to fictional hermaphroditic female characters. ''Futanari'' is also used as the term for a specific genre within '']''-related media (] anime or manga) that depicts such characters.

===Origins===
Futanari manga became popular in the 1990s and quickly became a part of the industry, cross-pollinating with multiple genres.<ref name="MTCG">{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Jason |url=https://archive.org/details/mangacompletegui0000thom_l3e2 |title=Manga: The Complete Guide |date=2007 |publisher=] |isbn=9780345485908 |location=New York |page=452 |url-access=registration}}</ref> ]'s '']'' is a well-known example of the genre in the West.<ref name="MTCG"/>


==See also== ==See also==
*] * '']''
* '']''
*]
*] * '']''
*] * '']''
* ]
* ]
* ]

== References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book|last1=Jensen|first1=Nate|title=Japanese-English Guide to Sex, Kink and Naughtiness|date=2009|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |isbn=9781442108769}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{wiktionary}}
*
{{commons}}


{{Japanese erotic cinema}}
]
{{LGBT in Japan}}
]
]
]


] ]
] ]
]
] ]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 22:22, 30 December 2024

Japanese word and pornographic genre

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Futanari (ふたなり, seldom: 二形, 双形, literally: dual form; 二成, 双成, literally: " two kinds") is the Japanese word for hermaphroditism, which is also used in a broader sense for androgyny.

Beyond Japan, the term has come to be used to describe a commonly pornographic genre of eroge, manga, and anime, which includes characters that show primary sexual characteristics from both females and males. In today's language, it refers almost exclusively to characters who have a female or overall feminine body, but have both female and male primary genitalia (although a scrotum is not always present, while breasts, a penis, and a vulva are). The term is also often abbreviated as futa(s), which is also used as a generalized term for the works themselves.

Historic origins

Stones (with shimenawa) representing dōsojin found near Karuizawa, Nagano

The most accredited etymology of the word comes from an emakimono, a type of painted hand scroll, titled Yamai No Soushi ("Scroll of Illness"), drawn between the Heian period and the kamakura period. In it are several depictions of individuals who possess traits of both typical male and female genitalia. The word futanari is used in the passage "You shall see how they possess both male and female roots. Truly they are of both forms/kinds/or aspects (futanari)."

Japanese folk religion created diverse fantasies related to sexual characteristics. Traditional vocal pieces that date back hundreds of years deliver rough evidence that a change of gender was not ruled out, and that the representation of the gender was used to worship deities such as dōsojin, which sometimes had ambiguous gender, being neither male nor female. Gary Leupp adds that the origins might even reach back to the origins of Buddhism, since the deities would not necessarily have a fixed or determinable gender.

Likewise, the belief spread that some people could change their gender depending on the lunar phase. The term half-moon (半月, hangetsu) was coined to describe such beings. Japanese traditional clothing, which made distinguishing men from women more difficult, as in other cultures, presumably might have had an influence on this development. To restrict women from accessing prohibited areas and to avoid smuggling by hiding items in the belt bag, guard posts were assigned to perform body checks. Historical records indicate that guards liked to joke about this matter quite frequently, resulting in various stories and even poems. Whether anatomical anomalies, such as clitoromegaly or unusual physical development, led to these assumptions remains an open question.

Until 1644, when onnagata actors were required to adopt male hairstyles regardless of the gender they were portraying, actors playing characters such as female warriors capitalized on the interest in the futanari quality, which was common in both samurai and commoner society.

In anime and manga

Example illustration of two futanari variants: one with a scrotum (right) and one without (left), both with breasts, a penis, and a vulva

Originally, the Japanese language referred to any character or real person that possessed masculine and feminine traits as futanari. This changed in the 1990s, as drawn futanari characters became more popular in anime and manga. Today, the term commonly refers to fictional hermaphroditic female characters. Futanari is also used as the term for a specific genre within hentai-related media (pornographic anime or manga) that depicts such characters.

Origins

Futanari manga became popular in the 1990s and quickly became a part of the industry, cross-pollinating with multiple genres. Toshiki Yui's Hot Tails is a well-known example of the genre in the West.

See also

References

  1. ^ Leupp, Gary P. (1995). Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 174. ISBN 9780520919198. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  2. ^ (in German) Krauss, Friedrich Salomo et al. Japanisches Geschlechtsleben: Abhandlungen und Erhebungen über das Geschlechtsleben des japanischen Volkes; folkloristische Studien, Schustek, 1965
  3. "Diseases and Deformities (Yamai no Sōshi)". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  4. ^ Thompson, Jason (2007). Manga: The Complete Guide. New York: Del Rey Books. p. 452. ISBN 9780345485908.

Further reading

  • Jensen, Nate (2009). Japanese-English Guide to Sex, Kink and Naughtiness. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781442108769.

External links

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