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{{Other uses|Richmond (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
|official_name = City of Richmond, Indiana | name = Richmond, Indiana
|settlement_type = ] | settlement_type = ]
|nickname = | nickname = City of Roses
|image_skyline = | image_skyline = Main Street, Richmond, IN (48500606486).jpg
|imagesize = | imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = | image_caption = ]
|image_flag = | image_flag = Richmond,_Indiana_Flag-Red_Crwflags.png
|image_seal = | image_seal = File:59f225b6adae3c000175e0a4 logo.png
| image_map = File:Wayne County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Richmond Highlighted 1864260.svg
|image_map = Wayne_County_Indiana_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Richmond_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px | mapsize = 260px
|map_caption = Location in the state of ] | map_caption = Location of Richmond in Wayne County, Indiana.
| subdivision_type = Country
|image_map1 =
| subdivision_name = United States
|mapsize1 =
| subdivision_type1 = State
|map_caption1 =hdjfgkasbfejkfegdffjkw
| subdivision_name1 = ]
|coordinates_region = US-IN
|subdivision_type = ] | subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ]
|subdivision_name = ]
| subdivision_type3 = ]
|subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name3 = ], ], ]
|subdivision_name1 = ]
| government_type =
|subdivision_type2 = ]
|subdivision_name2 = ] | leader_party = ]
| leader_title = Mayor
|subdivision_type3 = ]
| leader_name = Ron Oler
|subdivision_name3 = ], ], ]
|government_type = | area_note =
| established_date =
|leader_title = ]
| population_footnotes =
|leader_name = Sarah L. "Sally" Hutton (])
| population_as_of = ]
|area_note =
| population_est =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude = 1 E7 | pop_est_as_of =
| population_note =
|population_as_of = 2010
| population_total = 35720
|population_note =
| population_density_sq_mi = 1488.02
|population_total = 36812
|population_density_km2 = 650.8 | population_density_km2 = 574.54
|timezone = ] | timezone = ]
|utc_offset = -5 | utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
|utc_offset_DST = -4 | utc_offset_DST = −4
|area_total_sq_mi = 24.07 <!-- Area -->| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 16, 2022}}</ref>
|area_land_sq_mi = 23.92
| area_magnitude =
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.16
| area_total_km2 = 62.56
|elevation_m = 299
|elevation_ft = 981 | area_land_km2 = 62.17
| area_water_km2 = 0.39
|coordinates_display = display=inline,title
| area_total_sq_mi = 24.16
|latd = 39 |latm = 49 |lats = 49 |latNS = N
| area_land_sq_mi = 24.00
|longd = 84 |longm = 53 |longs = 26 |longEW = W
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.15
|website = http://www.richmondindiana.gov
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
|postal_code_type = ]s
|postal_code = 47374-47375 | elevation_ft = 978
| coordinates = {{coord|39|49|54|N|84|52|26|W|region:US-IN|display=inline,title}}
|area_code = ]
| website = {{URL|richmondindiana.gov}}
|blank_name = ]
| postal_code_type = ]s
|blank_info = 18-64260{{GR|2}}
| postal_code = 47374-47375
|blank1_name = ] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0441976{{GR|3}} | area_code = ]
| blank_name = ]
|footnotes = |
| blank_info = 18-64260<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name = ] feature ID
| blank1_info = 2396366<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2396366}}</ref>
| footnotes =
| pop_est_footnotes =
}} }}
'''Richmond''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|r|ɪ|tʃ|m|ə|n|d}}) is a city largely within ], ], in east central ], United States, which borders ]. The city also includes the Richmond Municipal Airport, which is in ] and separated from the rest of the city. It is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because some early ] records were made here at the studio of ], a division of the ].<ref>Starr Gennett Foundation, http://starrgennett.org/, URL accessed May 29, 2006.</ref>


'''Richmond''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɪ|tʃ|m|ə|n|d}}) is a city in eastern ], United States. Bordering the state of ], it is the ] of Wayne County.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|access-date=2011-06-07|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> In the ], the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the ]. Situated largely within ], its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby ], where ] is located.
Richmond is the ] of Wayne County and in 2010 had a population of 36,812. The city has twice received the ], most recently in 2009.


Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest ] recordings and records were made at the studio of ], a division of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://starrgennett.org/ |title=Starr-Gennett Foundation Homepage |website=Starr-gennett.org |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref> Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web |author1=Domenica Bongiovanni |title=How a quirky Indiana studio was the first to record many of America's famous musicians |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/music/2020/07/27/richmonds-gennett-records-first-record-louis-armstrong/3215616001/ |website=Indianapolis Star |access-date=27 July 2020 |date=July 27, 2020}}</ref> The city has twice received the ], most recently in 2009.
==Geography==
Richmond is located at {{Coord|39.830189|-84.890668|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}}.{{GR|1}}


==History==
According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of {{convert|24.07|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|23.92|sqmi}} (or 99.38%) is land and {{convert|0.16|sqmi}} (or 0.66%) is water.<ref>{{cite web
]
|url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_18.txt
In 1806 the first European Americans in the area, ] families from the state of ], settled along the East Fork of the ]. This was part of a general westward migration in the early decades after the ]. John Smith was one of the earliest settlers.<ref>{{cite web |author1=James Glass |title=Richmond's heritage still resonates |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/opinion/2016/01/08/richmonds-heritage-still-resonates/78415980/ |website=Indianapolis Star |access-date=8 May 2023 |date=8 Jan 2016}}</ref> Richmond is still home to several Quaker institutions, including ], ], ] and the ].
|title=2010 Census U.S. Gazetteer Files for Places – Indiana
|publisher=United States Census
|accessdate=2012-04-21
}}</ref>


The first post office in Richmond was established in 1818 with Robert Morrison as the first postmaster.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.waynet.org/facts/history_dates.htm | title=Historical Timeline | publisher=WayNet | access-date=June 2, 2014}}</ref> The town was officially incorporated in 1840, with John Sailor elected the first mayor.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mrlinfo.org/history/bicentimeline/timeline1.htm | title=Bicentennial Timeline 1795 to 1849 | publisher=Morrison Reeves Library | access-date=October 5, 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302111501/http://www.mrlinfo.org/history/bicentimeline/timeline1.htm | archive-date=March 2, 2016 }}</ref>
==Demographics==
As of the ]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 39,124 people, 16,287 households, and 9,918 families residing in the city. The ] was 1,685.3 people per square mile (650.8/km²). There were 17,647 housing units at an average density of 760.2 per square mile (293.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.78% ], 8.87% ], 0.27% ], 0.80% ], 0.06% ], 1.09% from ], and 2.14% from two or more races. ] or ] of any race were 2.03% of the population.


Early cinema and television pioneer ] grew up on a farm north of Richmond, where he began inventing useful gadgets. As the Richmond Telegram reported, on June 6, 1894, Jenkins gathered his family, friends and newsmen at his cousin's jewelry store in downtown Richmond and projected a filmed motion picture for the first time in front of an audience. The motion picture was of a vaudeville entertainer performing a butterfly dance, which Jenkins had filmed himself. Jenkins filed for a patent for the Phantoscope projector in November 1894 and it was issued in March 1895. A modified version of the Phantoscope was later sold to ], who named it ] and began projecting motion pictures in New York City ] theaters, raising the curtain on American cinema.
]
{{USCensusPop
|1840=2070
|1850=1443
|1860=6608
|1870=9445
|1880=12742
|1890=16608
|1900=18226
|1910=22824
|1920=26765
|1930=32493
|1940=35147
|1950=39539
|1960=44149
|1970=43999
|1980=41349
|1990=38705
|2000=39124
|2010=36812
|footnote=Source: US Census Bureau
}}
There were 16,287 households out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were ] living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.89.


] is credited with founding the country's first complete high school orchestra at Richmond, and later founded the National High School Orchestra Camp, which became the ] in Michigan.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Millicent Martin Emery |title=RCS teacher hopes for a musical resurrection |url=https://www.pal-item.com/story/news/education/2015/09/12/rcs-teacher-hopes-musical-resurrection/72154378/ |website=pal-item.com |publisher=Palladium-Item |access-date=14 July 2019 |date=September 12, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Rebecca Gross |title=In Step with Interlochen Center for the Arts |url=https://www.arts.gov/art-works/2015/step-interlochen-center-arts |website=arts.gov |publisher=National Endowment for the Arts |access-date=14 July 2019 |date=September 8, 2015}}</ref>
In the city the population was spread out with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.


] recorded "]" for the first time in Richmond at the ] recording studio. Famed trumpeter and singer ] was first recorded at Gennett as a member of ] and his Creole Jazz Band.<ref>, p. 13. Norman K. Risjord, {{ISBN|0742527859}}. 2005</ref> Many other internationally famous musicians recorded at Gennett's Richmond facility, including ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Starr-Gennett Foundation Walk of Fame |url=http://www.starrgennett.org/walk-of-fame/ |access-date=21 June 2019}}</ref> Gennett also recorded Klan musicians.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Charlie Dahan |title=April 8th in Gennett History, 1924: Vaughan Quartet Recorded "Wake Up America Kluck Kluck Kluck" |url=https://gennett.wordpress.com/tag/ku-klux-klan/ |website=gennett.wordpress.com |access-date=15 July 2019 |date=April 8, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Charlie Dahan |title=August 2nd in Gennett History, 1924: W. R. Rhinehart Recorded "Klucker And The Rain" and "Long Klucker" |url=https://gennett.wordpress.com/2015/08/02/august-2nd-in-gennett-history-1924-w-r-rhinehart-recorded-klucker-and-the-rain-and-long-klucker/ |website=Gennett Records Discography |access-date=15 July 2019 |date=August 2, 2015}}</ref>
The median income for a household in the city was $30,210, and the median income for a family was $38,346. Males had a median income of $30,849 versus $21,164 for females. The ] for the city was $17,096. About 12.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the ], including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.


A group of artists in the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to be known as the ]. They included ], ], ], ] and ]. The ] has a collection of regional and American art.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richmondartmuseum.org/ |title=Home |publisher=Richmond Art Museum |date=June 20, 2014 |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref> Many consider the most significant painting in the collection to be a self-portrait of Indiana-born ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.richmondartmuseum.org/collection/lg-pages/chase-william-merritt.htm |title=Self-portrait: The Artist in his Studio, 1916 by William Merritt Chase |access-date=2006-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050905211055/http://www.richmondartmuseum.org/collection/lg-pages/chase-william-merritt.htm |archive-date=September 5, 2005 }}</ref>
According to an estimate released in 2009 by the ], Wayne County, of which Richmond is the ], had a relatively high population of divorced residents: 19.2 percent. Among 54,810 native-born residents 19.4 percent were divorced, and among 550 foreign-born residents none were divorced. Among Whites, 18.7 percent were divorced, while 11.6 percent of Blacks or African Americans were divorced. The age category with the highest percentage of divorced person was 45-54. (males: 35 percent; females 33.5 percent). Among males and females aged 15–19, the percent divorced was zero.<ref>Wayne County, Indiana
]'', one of a series of 12 identical monuments dedicated to the spirit of ] women in the United States]]
S1201. Marital Status; United States Census Bureau http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/STTable?_bm=y&-state=st&-context=st&-qr_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_S1201&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-tree_id=308&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=05000US18177&-format=&-_lang=en, URL accessed September 23, 2009.</ref>
The city was connected to the ], the first road built by the federal government and a major route west for pioneers of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.connerprairie.org/historyonline/ntlroad.html |title=Road through the Wilderness: The Making of the National Road |access-date=2006-05-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060613044830/http://www.connerprairie.org/historyonline/ntlroad.html |archive-date=June 13, 2006 }}</ref> It became part of the system of ]s. The highway is now known as ]. One of the extant '']'' monuments was dedicated at Richmond on October 28, 1928.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/facts/madonna_of_the_trail.htm |title=Madonna of the Trail – Richmond, Indiana |website=Waynet.org |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref> It sits in a corner of Glen Miller Park adjacent to ].


Richmond's cultural resources include two of Indiana's three ] ]. One is held by the Wayne County Historical Museum and the other by Earlham College's Joseph Moore Museum, leading to the local nickname "Mummy capital of Indiana".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://waynecountyhistoricalmuseum.com/ |title=Wayne County Historical Museum - Family fun for all ages! |access-date=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216073801/http://waynecountyhistoricalmuseum.com/ |archive-date=December 16, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/nonprofit/jos_moore.htm |title=Joseph Moore Museum – Earlham College |website=Waynet.org |date=October 16, 2001 |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref>
==History==
For thousands of years inhabited by ], this area in historic times was inhabited by ] of a variety of nations.{{Fact|date=July 2011}}


The arts were supported by a strong economy increasingly based on manufacturing. Richmond was once known as "the lawnmower capital" because it was a center for manufacturing of ]s from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Manufacturers included Davis, ], ] and F&N. The farm machinery builder ] was based in Richmond. The ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/Davis%20D-1-W.asp |title=Davis D-1-W |publisher=Airventuremuseum.org |date=November 22, 1933 |access-date=2011-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davismonoplane.com/ |title=Davis Monoplane |publisher=Davis Monoplane |access-date=2011-09-19}}</ref> builder of a light ] monoplane, operated in Richmond beginning in 1929.
In 1806 the first European Americans, ] families from ], settled along the East Fork of the ]. This was part of a general westward migration in the early decades after the ]. John Smith and David Hoover were among the earliest settlers. Richmond is still home to several Quaker institutions, including ], ] and the ].


After starting out in nearby ], Wayne Agricultural Works moved to Richmond. Wayne manufactured horse-drawn vehicles, including the "]", a precursor of the motorized ]. From the early 1930s through the 1940s, Richmond had several automobile designers and manufacturers. Among the automobiles locally manufactured were the ], built by the Wayne Works; the "Rodefeld"; the ]; the ]; the ]; and the ]. In the 1950s Wayne Works changed its name to ], by then a well-known bus and school-bus manufacturer. In 1967 it relocated to a site adjacent to ]. The company was a leader in school-bus safety innovations, but closed in 1992 during a period of school-bus manufacturing industry consolidations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coachbuilt.com/bui/w/wayne/wayne2.htm |title=The Wayne Works Story Part II |publisher=CoachBuilt |access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>
The city was connected to the ], the first road built by the federal government and a major route west for pioneers of the 19th century.<ref></ref> It became part of the system of ]s. The highway is now known as ] ]. One of the extant ] monuments was dedicated at Richmond on October 28, 1928<ref></ref> The monument sits in a corner of Glen Miller Park adjacent to ].
]


Richmond was known as the "] City" because of the many varieties once grown there by Hill's Roses. The company had several sprawling complexes of ]s, with a total of about {{convert|34|acre|ha}} under glass. The annual Richmond Rose Festival honored the rose industry and was a popular summer attraction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ishmom.com/shut-up-about-the-rose-festival/ |title=Shut Up About the Rose Festival |publisher=IshMom.com |date=August 30, 2019 |access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>
Early cinema and television pioneer ] grew-up on a farm north of Richmond, where he began inventing useful gadgets. As the Richmond Telegram reported, on June 6, 1894, Jenkins gathered his family, friends and newsmen at Jenkins' cousin's jewelry store in downtown Richmond and projected a filmed motion picture for the first time in front of an audience. The motion picture was of a vaudeville entertainer performing a butterfly dance, which Jenkins had filmed himself. Jenkins filed for a patent for the Phantoscope projector in November 1894 and it was issued in March of '95. A modified version of the Phantoscope was later sold to Thomas Edison who named it Edison's Vitascope and began projecting motion pictures in New York City vaudeville theaters, raising the curtain on American cinema.


===Downtown explosion===
Richmond is believed{{By whom|date=July 2011}} to have been the smallest community in the United States to have supported a professional ] and ]. The ] has since closed but the Richmond Symphony Orchestra has continued. In 1899 ] formed the first complete high school orchestra in the nation. A later high school orchestra director, ], went on to found what is now known as the ] in Michigan.
{{Main|Richmond, Indiana explosion}}
On April 6, 1968, an explosion triggered by a natural gas leak destroyed or damaged several downtown blocks and killed 41 people; more than 150 were injured.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124182201/http://gates.mrl.lib.in.us:8080/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Ffulltext&CISOPTR=1981&REC=1|date=January 24, 2008}}</ref> The event is documented in the book ''Death in a Sunny Street: The Civil Defense Story of the Richmond, Indiana Disaster, April 6, 1968'', compiled by Esther Kellner.


==Geography==
Also notable was the fact that ] recorded "]" for the first time in Richmond at the ] recording studio.
]
According to the 2010 census, Richmond has a total area of {{convert|24.067|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|23.91|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 99.35%) is land and {{convert|0.157|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 0.65%) is water.<ref name="census-g001">{{cite web
|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1864260
|title=G001 – Geographic Identifiers – 2010 Census Summary File 1
|access-date=2015-07-29
|publisher=]
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213062016/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1864260
|archive-date=February 13, 2020
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>


Richmond is located about 12 miles S of ], the highest point in Indiana.
A group of ] in the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to be known as the ]. They included ], ], ], ] and ], among others. The ] has a collection of regional and American art.<ref>Richmond Art Museum, http://www.richmondartmuseum.org/, URL accessed May 30, 2006.</ref> Many consider the most significant painting in the collection to be a self-portrait of Indiana-born ].<ref></ref>


===Cityscape===
Richmond's cultural resources include two of Indiana's three ] ]. One is held by the Wayne County Historical Museum and the second by ]'s Joseph Moore Museum.
<ref>Wayne County Historical Museum, http://waynecountyhistoricalmuseum.com/, URL accessed December 13, 2008.</ref>
<ref>Joseph Moore Museum, http://www.waynet.org/nonprofit/jos_moore.htm, URL accessed December 13, 2008.</ref>


Richmond is noted for its rich stock of historic architecture. In 2003, a book entitled ''Richmond Indiana: Its Physical Development and Aesthetic Heritage to 1920'' by ] architectural historians, Michael and Mary Raddant Tomlan, was published by the ]. Particularly notable buildings are the 1902 ] Station designed by ] of Chicago and the 1893 ] designed by ] of ]. Local architects of note include ], ] and ].
The arts were supported by a strong economy increasingly based on manufacturing. Richmond was once known as "the lawn mower capital" because it was a center for manufacturing of ]s from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Manufacturers included Davis, ], ] and F&N. The farm machinery builder ] was based in Richmond. The ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/Davis%20D-1-W.asp |title=Davis D-1-W |publisher=Airventuremuseum.org |date=1933-11-22 |accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davismonoplane.com/ |title=Davis Monoplane |publisher=Davis Monoplane |date= |accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref> builder of a light ] monoplane, operated in Richmond beginning in 1929.


The significance of the architecture has been recognized. Five large districts, such as the Depot District, and several individual buildings are listed in the ], the ] and the ].
After starting out in nearby ], Wayne Agricultural Works moved to Richmond. Wayne was a manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles, including "]s", a precursor of the motorized ]. From the early 1930s through the 1940s, several ] designers and manufacturers were located in Richmond. Among the automobiles locally manufactured were the ], built by the Wayne Works; the "Rodefeld"; the ]; the ]; the ] and the ].


===Climate===
In the 1950s, Wayne Works changed its name to ], by then a well-known ] and school-bus manufacturer. In 1967 it relocated to a site adjacent to ]. The company was a leader in school-bus safety innovations, but it closed in 1992 during a period of school-bus manufacturing industry consolidations.{{Fact|date=July 2011}}
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Richmond, Indiana (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1968–present)
| Jan record high F = 67
| Feb record high F = 78
| Mar record high F = 85
| Apr record high F = 87
| May record high F = 94
| Jun record high F = 104
| Jul record high F = 102
| Aug record high F = 100
| Sep record high F = 100
| Oct record high F = 91
| Nov record high F = 80
| Dec record high F = 72
| year record high F =


|Jan avg record high F = 58.3
Richmond was known as the "] City" because of the many varieties once grown there by Hill's Roses. The company had several sprawling complexes of ], with a total of about {{convert|34|acre|m2}} under glass. The annual Richmond Rose Festival honored the rose industry and was a popular summer attraction.
|Feb avg record high F = 63.0
|Mar avg record high F = 72.5
|Apr avg record high F = 81.1
|May avg record high F = 88.0
|Jun avg record high F = 92.2
|Jul avg record high F = 92.6
|Aug avg record high F = 91.7
|Sep avg record high F = 90.0
|Oct avg record high F = 82.7
|Nov avg record high F = 70.2
|Dec avg record high F = 61.5
|year avg record high F = 94.5


| Jan high F = 36.2
==20th century challenges==
| Feb high F = 40.3
On April 6, 1968, a ] destroyed or damaged several downtown blocks and killed 41 people; more than 150 were injured.<ref></ref> The book ''Death in a Sunny Street'' is about the event.
| Mar high F = 50.8
| Apr high F = 63.8
| May high F = 73.7
| Jun high F = 82.0
| Jul high F = 84.8
| Aug high F = 83.6
| Sep high F = 77.6
| Oct high F = 65.5
| Nov high F = 51.7
| Dec high F = 40.4
| year high F = 62.5
| Jan mean F = 27.9
| Feb mean F = 31.2
| Mar mean F = 40.8
| Apr mean F = 52.2
| May mean F = 62.6
| Jun mean F = 71.1
| Jul mean F = 74.2
| Aug mean F = 72.7
| Sep mean F = 65.9
| Oct mean F = 54.2
| Nov mean F = 42.2
| Dec mean F = 32.6
| year mean F = 52.3
| Jan low F = 19.6
| Feb low F = 22.2
| Mar low F = 30.8
| Apr low F = 40.7
| May low F = 51.5
| Jun low F = 60.2
| Jul low F = 63.5
| Aug low F = 61.8
| Sep low F = 54.2
| Oct low F = 42.9
| Nov low F = 32.7
| Dec low F = 24.7
| year low F = 42.1


|Jan avg record low F = -3.8
In the rebuilding effort, the city closed the main street through downtown to traffic and built the Downtown Promenade in 1972 (expanded in 1978). When studies showed that car traffic helped businesses, the city had the five-block pedestrian mall broken up. It reopened the street to traffic in 1997 as part of an urban revitalization effort.
|Feb avg record low F = 1.9
|Mar avg record low F = 11.9
|Apr avg record low F = 24.7
|May avg record low F = 35.4
|Jun avg record low F = 47.0
|Jul avg record low F = 52.5
|Aug avg record low F = 51.0
|Sep avg record low F = 40.1
|Oct avg record low F = 28.1
|Nov avg record low F = 17.8
|Dec avg record low F = 5.5
|year avg record low F = -7.5


| Jan record low F = -27
On March 17, 1999, the 155 year-old family run business, ] is engulfed in a fire and the site was used to house the Wayne County Jail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/waynet/homepage_images/1999/99march.htm |title=March 1999 Home Page Pictures |publisher=Waynet.org |date= |accessdate=2012-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mrl.lib.in.us/history/business/swaynerobin.htm |title=Swayne, Robinson and Co |publisher=Mrl.lib.in.us |date= |accessdate=2012-06-15}}</ref>
| Feb record low F = -20
| Mar record low F = -9
| Apr record low F = 14
| May record low F = 26
| Jun record low F = 36
| Jul record low F = 42
| Aug record low F = 41
| Sep record low F = 30
| Oct record low F = 16
| Nov record low F = 6
| Dec record low F = -22
| year record low F =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 3.20
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.25
| Mar precipitation inch = 3.42
| Apr precipitation inch = 4.27
| May precipitation inch = 4.63
| Jun precipitation inch = 4.80
| Jul precipitation inch = 4.32
| Aug precipitation inch = 3.27
| Sep precipitation inch = 3.12
| Oct precipitation inch = 3.16
| Nov precipitation inch = 3.32
| Dec precipitation inch = 3.10
| year precipitation inch = 42.86
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
| Jan precipitation days = 13.0
| Feb precipitation days = 10.5
| Mar precipitation days = 11.5
| Apr precipitation days = 11.9
| May precipitation days = 13.5
| Jun precipitation days = 11.4
| Jul precipitation days = 10.6
| Aug precipitation days = 8.4
| Sep precipitation days = 8.7
| Oct precipitation days = 9.8
| Nov precipitation days = 9.5
| Dec precipitation days = 12.4
| year precipitation days = 131.2
| source = ]<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=iln
|title = NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 14, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00127370&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 14, 2023}}</ref>
}}


==Architecture== ==Demographics==
{{US Census population
]Richmond is noted for its rich stock of historic architecture. In 2003, a book entitled ''Richmond Indiana: Its Physical Development and Aesthetic Heritage to 1920'' by ] architectural historians, Michael and Mary Raddant Tomlan, was published by the ]. Particularly notable buildings are the 1902 ] Station designed by ] of ] and the 1893 ] designed by ] of ]. Local architects of note include ], ] and ].
|1840= 2070
|1850= 1443
|1860= 6608
|1870= 9445
|1880= 12742
|1890= 16608
|1900= 18226
|1910= 22824
|1920= 26765
|1930= 32493
|1940= 35147
|1950= 39539
|1960= 44149
|1970= 43999
|1980= 41349
|1990= 38705
|2000= 39124
|2010= 36812
|2020= 35720
|footnote=Source: US Census Bureau
}}


===2010 census===
The significance of the architecture has been recognized. Five large districts, such as the Depot District, and several individual buildings are listed in the ], the ] and the ].
As of the census<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=]|access-date=2012-12-11}}</ref> of 2010, there were 36,812 people, 15,098 households, and 8,909 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1539.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 17,649 housing units at an average density of {{convert|737.8|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 83.9% ], 8.6% ], 0.3% ], 1.1% ], 0.1% ], 1.9% from ], and 4.0% from two or more races. ] or ] of any race were 4.1% of the population.


There were 15,098 households, of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.0% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.91.
==Educational institutions==
*Richmond has four colleges: ], ], ] and the ] School of Technology.
*Richmond is home to two ]: ] (]) and ] (])
*] includes the ] and ] and the Tiernan Center, the 5th-largest high school gym in the United States.
*] (founded 2002), a junior and senior high school, is the area's only religious high school. It is based in the former home of St. Andrew High School (1899–1936) and, more recently, St. Andrew Elementary School, adjacent to St. Andrew Church of the .


The median age in the city was 38.4 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.
==Religious groups==
*Richmond is the headquarters of the ] of the ] (Quakers).


==Transportation== ===2000 census===
As of the census<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 39,124 people, 16,287 households, and 9,918 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,685.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 17,647 housing units at an average density of {{convert|760.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 86.78% ], 8.87% ], 0.27% ], 0.80% ], 0.06% ], 1.09% from ], and 2.14% from two or more races. ] or ] of any race were 2.03% of the population.
Richmond is served by ] at exits 149, 151, 153, and 156. ] service is provided by city-owned Roseview Transit, operating daily except Sundays and major holidays.<ref name="Roseview index">{{cite web|title=Roseview Transit|date=October 21, 2007|publisher=City of Richmond|url=http://richmondindiana.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=4&id=91&Itemid=148|accessdate=November 8, 2011}}</ref>


There were 16,287 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.89.
==Media==
The daily newspaper is the ]-owned '']''.


In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.
Full-power radio stations include ], ], ], ], ], and Earlham College's student-run public radio station ]. Richmond is also served by several translator stations repeated from ] on 95.3 and 90.7 and ] which is repeated on 94.5 and 97.7. Area ] radio stations include ] in ] and ] in ].


The median income for a household in the city was $30,210, and the median income for a family was $38,346. Males had a median income of $30,849 versus $21,164 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,096. About 12.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.
Richmond is considered to be within the ] television market and has one full-power television station, ], which is affiliated with ]. The city also has one county-wide ] (PEG) ] station, ].<ref></ref>


== Points of interest == == Points of interest ==
] ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] (house museum) * ] (house museum)
* ] at ] * ] at Earlham College
* ] and ] statue * ] and Madonna of the Trail statue
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
Line 176: Line 311:
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] baseball ballpark built in 1936
* ] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/waynet/spotlight/2007/070419-reidchurch.htm |title=Tiffany Windows - Reid Memorial Presbyterian Church - Wayne County, Indiana |publisher=Waynet.org |date= |accessdate=2011-09-19}}</ref> (]-designed interior and windows, ] organ)
* ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waynet.org/waynet/spotlight/2007/070419-reidchurch.htm |title=Tiffany Windows – Reid Memorial Presbyterian Church – Wayne County, Indiana |publisher=Waynet.org |access-date=2011-09-19}}</ref> (]-designed interior and windows, ] organ)
* ] (oldest ] church in Indiana: founded 1868)
* ] (oldest ] church in Indiana: founded 1868)
* ] (convention and tourism bureau) * ] (convention and tourism bureau)
* ] and ] Walk of Fame * ] and ] Walk of Fame
* ] hiking trail * ] hiking trail
* ] and historical archive
* ] gravesite, Earlham Cemetery (]'s wife, who died in the ] mass suicide) * ] gravesite, Earlham Cemetery (]'s wife, who died in the ] mass suicide)
* ] (plays, classic movies, and children's theater) * ] (plays, classic movies, and children's theater)
* ] statue at Glen Miller Park * '']'' statue at Glen Miller Park
* ] Records Walk of Fame * ] Records Walk of Fame
*], shopping mall


==Education==
== Notable Richmondites ==
], founded in 1847]]
Richmond is home to four colleges: ], ], ], and the ]. It is also home to two ], the ] ] and ] ].

] includes the ] and ]. ], a junior and senior high school, is a religious high school. It is based in the former home of St. Andrew High School (1899–1936) and, more recently, St. Andrew Elementary School, adjacent to St. Andrew Church of the Richmond Catholic Community.

The Richmond Japanese Language School (リッチモンド(IN)補習授業校 ''Ritchimondo(IN)Hoshū Jugyō Kō'') a ], holds its classes at the Highland Heights School.<ref name=NAList>{{cite web|url=http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/002.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330155208/http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/002.htm |archive-date=March 30, 2014 |title=北米の補習授業校一覧(平成25年4月15日現在):文部科学省 |date=March 30, 2014 |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/002.htm|title=ページの本文に移動する|website=Webcitation.org|access-date=2017-07-13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330155208/http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/clarinet/002/006/001/002/002.htm|archive-date=March 30, 2014}}</ref>

The town has a lending library, the ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.in.gov/library/files/countyindex13.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513002218/http://www.in.gov/library/files/countyindex13.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-13 |url-status=live | title=Indiana public library directory | publisher=Indiana State Library | access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref>

==Religious groups==
Richmond is the headquarters of ], and hosts the ], of the ] (Quakers).

==Media==
The daily newspaper is the ]-owned '']''.

Full-power radio stations include ], ], ], ], and Earlham College's student-run public radio station ]. Richmond is also served by ] which is repeated on 94.5 and 97.7. Area ] radio stations include ] in ], and ] in ].

Richmond is considered to be within the ], television market and has one full-power television station, ], which is an ] owned and operated station. The city also has one county-wide ] (PEG) cable television station, ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wctv.info/ |title=WCTV &#124; Whitewater Community Television |website=Wctv.info |access-date=2017-01-07}}</ref>

==Transportation==
] passenger train at Richmond's ] in 1968]]
] is a public-use airport five&nbsp;nautical miles (6&nbsp;mi, 9&nbsp;km) southeast of Richmond's central business district. It is owned by the Richmond Board of Aviation Commissioners. It is also an ] of Richmond.<ref>{{FAA-airport|ID=RID|use=PU|own=PU|site=05602.*A}}. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective May 31, 2012.</ref> Richmond's closest airport with commercial service is ].

Richmond is served by ] at exits 149, 151, 153, and 156.

Established in 1902, Richmond's ] was a hub for ], and later, ] trains into the late 1960s. The last train at the station was ]'s '']'' between ] and ], which ended service in 1979.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Pennsylvania Railroad, Tables 4, 5, 47, 49, 52 |journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=100 |issue=5 |date=October 1967}}</ref> Richmond was also home to a ] station.

] service is provided by city-owned ], operating daily except Sundays and major holidays.<ref name="Roseview index">{{cite web|title=Roseview Transit|date=October 21, 2007|publisher=City of Richmond|url=http://richmondindiana.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=4&id=91&Itemid=148|access-date=November 8, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421180905/http://richmondindiana.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=4&id=91&Itemid=148|archive-date=April 21, 2012}}</ref>

==Notable people==
<!-- Note: <!-- Note:
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{{div col}}
=== Academia ===
* ], clinical psychologist, Lillian and Morrie Moss Chair of Excellence and Professor at the ]
* ], president of ], humanitarian, diplomat
* ] (1910 – 1996), linguist and professor at ]
* ], ], ], Nobel Prize winner<ref>{{cite web|title=Wendell M. Stanley – Biographical|url=http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1946/stanley-bio.html|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>

=== Actors ===
* ], professional football player, television/film actor and recording-artist
* ], actor, director
* ], actress
* ], old-time radio actress

=== Artists and designers ===
* ], ] painter
* ], ] painter
* ], ] painter
* ], ] painter
* ], painter
* ], ]
* ], ]

=== Business ===
* ], businessman, ] pioneer
* ], pioneer of ] and one of the inventors of ]
* ], industrialist and co-founder of ].
*], ], ], and ]
*], businessman, automobile manufacturer of ]

=== Musicians ===
* ], ] composer * ], ] composer
* ], popular music artist * ], musician and composer
* Harry "]" Frankel, radio star, minstrel
* ], literary critic
* ], rock and soul vocalist
* ] (Nellie Paulina Burgin), actress<ref>Polly Bergen, http://www.meredy.com/pollybergen/, URL accessed May 30, 2006.</ref>
* ], jazz drummer<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeff Hamilton - Drums - Jazz at Newport|url=http://www.jazzatnewport.org/home.cfm?dir_cat=47265|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907035520/http://www.jazzatnewport.org/home.cfm?dir_cat=47265|archive-date=September 7, 2006|access-date=2006-09-09}}</ref>
* ], former ] running back and actor
* ], has performed with many notables, including Tony Bennett and Count Basie
*], Evangelist
* ] ], Vice Commandant, ]
* ], ]
* ], Oscar-nominated composer<ref>''Space Age Pop Music'': George Duning, http://www.spaceagepop.com/duning.htm, URL accessed September 9, 2006.</ref>
* ], coach of the 1958 and 1959 ] champion ] and the ] champion ]<ref>Weeb Ewbank, http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.jsp?player_id=65, URL accessed May 30, 2006.</ref>
* ], ] conductor, ]
* ], ] player
* ], former ] Rookie-of-the-Year (])
* ], lawyer, author
* ] actor, director<ref>FindAGrave: Norman Foster, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=11777752&pt=%3Cb%3ENorman%3C/b%3E%20Foster, URL accessed September 9, 2006.</ref>
* Harry "]" Frankel, radio star, minstrel<ref>FindAGrave: Harry Frankel, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10193921, URL accessed September 9, 2006.</ref>
* ], linguist
* ], jazz drummer<ref>Jazz at Newport 2006, http://www.jazzatnewport.org/home.cfm?dir_cat=47265, URL accessed September 9, 2006.</ref>
* ], professional ] coach
* ], ] maker
* ], M.D. ] ]<ref>Mendel Medal recipient: Charles A. Hufnagel, http://astro4.ast.vill.edu/mendel/hufnagel.htm, URL accessed September 9, 2006.</ref>
* ], ] ] ], ], and Lord of the ]s <ref>Palmetto Open Source Convention 2011, http://posscon.org/speakers2011/, URL accessed May 11, 2011</ref>
* ], basketball player at ], 2006 ] Rookie of the Year
* ], motion picture and television pioneer
* ], founder-leader of ]
* ], ] organist * ], ] organist
* ], singer/musician
* ] actor<ref>Harry Keenan, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0444645/, URL accessed September 9, 2006.</ref>
* ], opera singer
* ], author<ref>Esther A. Kellner (1908-1998), http://www.mrlinfo.org/history/biography/kellner.htm, URL accessed May 29, 2006.</ref>
* ], composer and Putlizer Prize winner
* ], ] gold medalist
* ], pop music trio in the 1960s
* ], author of '']''<ref>Wheaton College Special Collections, http://www.wheaton.edu/learnres/ARCSC/collects/sc38/bio.htm, 2006.</ref>

* ],
=== Politicians, activists, and civic leaders ===
* ], professional basketball player
* ] (1939 &ndash; 2016), Illinois state representative and businessman<ref>'Illinois Blue Book 1995–1996,' Biographical Sketch of Bill W. Balthis, pg. 105</ref>
* ], award-winning sports reporter for ].
*], Richmond mayor, Governor, congressional delegate of Idaho territory.
* ], football player, one of the ] ]
*] (1826–1890), diplomat, businessman and soldier; colonel in the ]<ref name="Robert Clarke & Company-18912">{{Cite book |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Reunion_of_the_Society_of_the_Army_of_the_Cumberland_%28IA_reunionofsociety1890soci%29.pdf |title=Society of the Army of the Cumberland, 21st Reunion, 1890 |publisher=] |year=1891 |location=Toledo, Ohio |pages=281–283 |chapter=Colonel John A. Bridgeland |via=]}}</ref>
* ], actor<ref>Kenneth MacDonald, http://www.surfnetinc.com/chuck/villan27.htm, URL accessed September 9, 2006.</ref>
*], underground railroad organizer, and director of a local Richmond bank
* ], industrialist
*], ]
* ], ] specialist for U.S. government
*], Justice of the ]
* ], Indiana's Civil War Governor<ref>Oliver Hazard Perry Throck Morton, http://www.civilwarhome.com/mortonbio.htm, URL accessed May 30, 2006.</ref>
*] (born 1956), American political activist.
* ], ] musician
*], ]
* ], industrialist
*] (1867 – 1960) ] and a women's political leader in the State of California.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=1960-06-05|title=Obituary, Vineyardist Dies At 92|pages=62|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26129314/the-los-angeles-times/|url-access=limited|access-date=2021-01-06|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
* ], ] Bishop
*], Richmond police chief from 1956 to 1960, and U.S. adviser who trained police in the use of torture in Uruguay.
* ], ]/]
*], Indiana's Civil War governor<ref>{{cite web|date=March 24, 2014|title=Oliver P. Morton Biography Page|url=http://www.civilwarhome.com/mortonbio.htm|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Civilwarhome.com}}</ref>
*], president of the ]
*], ] (1989–1993)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sheeley |first=Rachel E. |date=1999-10-30 |title=Earlham graduate worked for several first ladies |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/palladium-item-earlham-graduate-worked-f/159890298/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |work=Palladium-Item |pages=3 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
* ], ]-winning composer<ref>Official Ned Rorem Website, http://www.nedrorem.com/, URL accessed May 30, 2006.</ref>

* ], guuitarist, singer and founding member of ] <ref>nwi.com </ref>
=== Religion and related ===
* ], sports broadcaster, ]<ref>American Sportscasters Hall of Fame Inductee, http://www.americansportscasters.com/schenkel.html, URL accessed September 9, 2006.</ref>
* ], ] evangelist
*], jazz bassist
*], founder-leader of ]
* ], ] winner<ref>Wendell M. Stanley, http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1946/stanley-bio.html, URL accessed May 30, 2006.</ref>
*], an ] Bishop
* ], ] theologian<ref>D. Elton Trueblood, http://www.waynet.org/people/biography/trueblood.htm, URL accessed May 30, 2006.</ref>
*], ] theologian<ref>{{cite web|date=December 20, 1994|title=D. Elton Trueblood, 1900 to 1994|url=http://www.waynet.org/people/biography/trueblood.htm|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Waynet.org}}</ref>
* ], ] basketball coach (])

*], ]
=== Science ===
* ], Chicago Cubs owner
* ], M.D. ] inventor<ref>{{cite web|title=Dr. Charles A. Hufnagel|url=http://astro4.ast.vill.edu/mendel/hufnagel.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172038/http://astro4.ast.vill.edu/mendel/hufnagel.htm|archive-date=March 3, 2016|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Astro4.ast.vill.edu|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
*], author and ] ]
* ], aviation pioneers
*], automobile manufacturer

* ], ]
=== Sports ===
* ], jazz pianist, former leader of the ]<ref>Carol Lou
*], ], Selected 30th overall by the ] in the ]
Trio, http://carolloutrio.pbwiki.com/, URL accessed January 20, 2008.</ref>
*], ] catcher
* ], aviation pioneer<ref name="wright">, URL accessed May 30, 2006</ref>
*], coach of 1958 and 1959 ] champion ] and the ] champion ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Weeb Ewbank &#124; Pro Football Hall of Fame Official Site|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.jsp?player_id=65|access-date=2017-01-07|website=Profootballhof.com}}</ref>
* ], ] running back
* ], ] wide receiver (])
* ], professional ] coach
*], hurdler, Olympic gold medalist
*]
* ], football player, one of the ]' "]"
*], professional golfer

=== Writers and journalists ===
*], literary critic
* ], actress, writer
* ], lawyer, author
{{div col end}}


==Sister cities== ==Sister cities==
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*{{flagicon|JPN}} ], ], ] *{{flagicon|JPN}} ], ], ]


==Notes== ==See also==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Portal|Indiana}}
*]
*]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{Sister project links|auto=y}}
{{multicol}}
* {{EB1911 Poster|Richmond (Indiana)|Richmond, Indiana}}
* {{Official website|http://www.richmondindiana.gov/}}
*
*
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*
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*
*
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* {{Cite NIE|short=x|wstitle=Richmond (Indiana)|display=Richmond. A city and the county-seat of Wayne County, Ind}}
*
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{{Wayne County, Indiana}} {{Wayne County, Indiana}}
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Latest revision as of 14:31, 4 January 2025

For other uses, see Richmond (disambiguation).

City in Indiana, United States
Richmond, Indiana
City
Richmond Downtown Historic DistrictRichmond Downtown Historic District
Flag of Richmond, IndianaFlagOfficial seal of Richmond, IndianaSeal
Nickname: City of Roses
Location of Richmond in Wayne County, Indiana.Location of Richmond in Wayne County, Indiana.
Coordinates: 39°49′54″N 84°52′26″W / 39.83167°N 84.87389°W / 39.83167; -84.87389
CountryUnited States
StateIndiana
CountyWayne
TownshipBoston, Center, Wayne
Government
 • MayorRon Oler (R)
Area
 • Total24.16 sq mi (62.56 km)
 • Land24.00 sq mi (62.17 km)
 • Water0.15 sq mi (0.39 km)
Elevation978 ft (298 m)
Population
 • Total35,720
 • Density1,488.02/sq mi (574.54/km)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP codes47374-47375
Area code765
FIPS code18-64260
GNIS feature ID2396366
Websiterichmondindiana.gov

Richmond (/ˈrɪtʃmənd/) is a city in eastern Wayne County, Indiana, United States. Bordering the state of Ohio, it is the county seat of Wayne County. In the 2020 census, the city had a population of 35,720. It is the principal city of the Richmond micropolitan area. Situated largely within Wayne Township, its area includes a non-contiguous portion in nearby Boston Township, where Richmond Municipal Airport is located.

Richmond is sometimes called the "cradle of recorded jazz" because the earliest jazz recordings and records were made at the studio of Gennett Records, a division of the Starr Piano Company. Gennett Records was the first to record such artists as Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke, Jelly Roll Morton, Hoagy Carmichael, Lawrence Welk, and Gene Autry. The city has twice received the All-America City Award, most recently in 2009.

History

Wayne County Courthouse

In 1806 the first European Americans in the area, Quaker families from the state of North Carolina, settled along the East Fork of the Whitewater River. This was part of a general westward migration in the early decades after the American Revolution. John Smith was one of the earliest settlers. Richmond is still home to several Quaker institutions, including Friends United Meeting, Richmond Friends School, Earlham College and the Earlham School of Religion.

The first post office in Richmond was established in 1818 with Robert Morrison as the first postmaster. The town was officially incorporated in 1840, with John Sailor elected the first mayor.

Early cinema and television pioneer Charles Francis Jenkins grew up on a farm north of Richmond, where he began inventing useful gadgets. As the Richmond Telegram reported, on June 6, 1894, Jenkins gathered his family, friends and newsmen at his cousin's jewelry store in downtown Richmond and projected a filmed motion picture for the first time in front of an audience. The motion picture was of a vaudeville entertainer performing a butterfly dance, which Jenkins had filmed himself. Jenkins filed for a patent for the Phantoscope projector in November 1894 and it was issued in March 1895. A modified version of the Phantoscope was later sold to Thomas Edison, who named it Edison's Vitascope and began projecting motion pictures in New York City vaudeville theaters, raising the curtain on American cinema.

Joseph E. Maddy is credited with founding the country's first complete high school orchestra at Richmond, and later founded the National High School Orchestra Camp, which became the Interlochen Center for the Arts in Michigan.

Hoagy Carmichael recorded "Stardust" for the first time in Richmond at the Gennett recording studio. Famed trumpeter and singer Louis Armstrong was first recorded at Gennett as a member of King Oliver and his Creole Jazz Band. Many other internationally famous musicians recorded at Gennett's Richmond facility, including Jelly Roll Morton, Bix Beiderbecke, Duke Ellington, and Fats Waller. Gennett also recorded Klan musicians.

A group of artists in the area in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came to be known as the Richmond Group. They included John Elwood Bundy, Charles Conner, George Herbert Baker, Maude Kaufman Eggemeyer and John Albert Seaford. The Richmond Art Museum has a collection of regional and American art. Many consider the most significant painting in the collection to be a self-portrait of Indiana-born William Merritt Chase.

Madonna of the Trail, one of a series of 12 identical monuments dedicated to the spirit of pioneer women in the United States

The city was connected to the National Road, the first road built by the federal government and a major route west for pioneers of the 19th century. It became part of the system of National Auto Trails. The highway is now known as U.S. Route 40. One of the extant Madonna of the Trail monuments was dedicated at Richmond on October 28, 1928. It sits in a corner of Glen Miller Park adjacent to US 40.

Richmond's cultural resources include two of Indiana's three Egyptian mummies. One is held by the Wayne County Historical Museum and the other by Earlham College's Joseph Moore Museum, leading to the local nickname "Mummy capital of Indiana".

The arts were supported by a strong economy increasingly based on manufacturing. Richmond was once known as "the lawnmower capital" because it was a center for manufacturing of lawnmowers from the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Manufacturers included Davis, Motomower, Dille-McGuire and F&N. The farm machinery builder Gaar-Scott was based in Richmond. The Davis Aircraft Co., builder of a light parasol wing monoplane, operated in Richmond beginning in 1929.

After starting out in nearby Union City, Wayne Agricultural Works moved to Richmond. Wayne manufactured horse-drawn vehicles, including the "kid hack", a precursor of the motorized school bus. From the early 1930s through the 1940s, Richmond had several automobile designers and manufacturers. Among the automobiles locally manufactured were the Richmond, built by the Wayne Works; the "Rodefeld"; the Davis; the Pilot; the Westcott; and the Crosley. In the 1950s Wayne Works changed its name to Wayne Corporation, by then a well-known bus and school-bus manufacturer. In 1967 it relocated to a site adjacent to Interstate 70. The company was a leader in school-bus safety innovations, but closed in 1992 during a period of school-bus manufacturing industry consolidations.

Richmond was known as the "Rose City" because of the many varieties once grown there by Hill's Roses. The company had several sprawling complexes of greenhouses, with a total of about 34 acres (14 ha) under glass. The annual Richmond Rose Festival honored the rose industry and was a popular summer attraction.

Downtown explosion

Main article: Richmond, Indiana explosion

On April 6, 1968, an explosion triggered by a natural gas leak destroyed or damaged several downtown blocks and killed 41 people; more than 150 were injured. The event is documented in the book Death in a Sunny Street: The Civil Defense Story of the Richmond, Indiana Disaster, April 6, 1968, compiled by Esther Kellner.

Geography

Richmond lies on the flatland of eastern Indiana

According to the 2010 census, Richmond has a total area of 24.067 square miles (62.33 km), of which 23.91 square miles (61.93 km) (or 99.35%) is land and 0.157 square miles (0.41 km) (or 0.65%) is water.

Richmond is located about 12 miles S of Hoosier Hill, the highest point in Indiana.

Cityscape

Richmond is noted for its rich stock of historic architecture. In 2003, a book entitled Richmond Indiana: Its Physical Development and Aesthetic Heritage to 1920 by Cornell University architectural historians, Michael and Mary Raddant Tomlan, was published by the Indiana Historical Society. Particularly notable buildings are the 1902 Pennsylvania Railroad Station designed by Daniel H. Burnham of Chicago and the 1893 Wayne County Court House designed by James W. McLaughlin of Cincinnati. Local architects of note include John A. Hasecoster, William S. Kaufman and Stephen O. Yates.

The significance of the architecture has been recognized. Five large districts, such as the Depot District, and several individual buildings are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the Historic American Buildings Survey and the Historic American Engineering Record.

Climate

Climate data for Richmond, Indiana (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1968–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 67
(19)
78
(26)
85
(29)
87
(31)
94
(34)
104
(40)
102
(39)
100
(38)
100
(38)
91
(33)
80
(27)
72
(22)
104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 58.3
(14.6)
63.0
(17.2)
72.5
(22.5)
81.1
(27.3)
88.0
(31.1)
92.2
(33.4)
92.6
(33.7)
91.7
(33.2)
90.0
(32.2)
82.7
(28.2)
70.2
(21.2)
61.5
(16.4)
94.5
(34.7)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 36.2
(2.3)
40.3
(4.6)
50.8
(10.4)
63.8
(17.7)
73.7
(23.2)
82.0
(27.8)
84.8
(29.3)
83.6
(28.7)
77.6
(25.3)
65.5
(18.6)
51.7
(10.9)
40.4
(4.7)
62.5
(16.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 27.9
(−2.3)
31.2
(−0.4)
40.8
(4.9)
52.2
(11.2)
62.6
(17.0)
71.1
(21.7)
74.2
(23.4)
72.7
(22.6)
65.9
(18.8)
54.2
(12.3)
42.2
(5.7)
32.6
(0.3)
52.3
(11.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 19.6
(−6.9)
22.2
(−5.4)
30.8
(−0.7)
40.7
(4.8)
51.5
(10.8)
60.2
(15.7)
63.5
(17.5)
61.8
(16.6)
54.2
(12.3)
42.9
(6.1)
32.7
(0.4)
24.7
(−4.1)
42.1
(5.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −3.8
(−19.9)
1.9
(−16.7)
11.9
(−11.2)
24.7
(−4.1)
35.4
(1.9)
47.0
(8.3)
52.5
(11.4)
51.0
(10.6)
40.1
(4.5)
28.1
(−2.2)
17.8
(−7.9)
5.5
(−14.7)
−7.5
(−21.9)
Record low °F (°C) −27
(−33)
−20
(−29)
−9
(−23)
14
(−10)
26
(−3)
36
(2)
42
(6)
41
(5)
30
(−1)
16
(−9)
6
(−14)
−22
(−30)
−27
(−33)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.20
(81)
2.25
(57)
3.42
(87)
4.27
(108)
4.63
(118)
4.80
(122)
4.32
(110)
3.27
(83)
3.12
(79)
3.16
(80)
3.32
(84)
3.10
(79)
42.86
(1,089)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 13.0 10.5 11.5 11.9 13.5 11.4 10.6 8.4 8.7 9.8 9.5 12.4 131.2
Source: NOAA

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
18402,070
18501,443−30.3%
18606,608357.9%
18709,44542.9%
188012,74234.9%
189016,60830.3%
190018,2269.7%
191022,82425.2%
192026,76517.3%
193032,49321.4%
194035,1478.2%
195039,53912.5%
196044,14911.7%
197043,999−0.3%
198041,349−6.0%
199038,705−6.4%
200039,1241.1%
201036,812−5.9%
202035,720−3.0%
Source: US Census Bureau

2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 36,812 people, 15,098 households, and 8,909 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,539.0 inhabitants per square mile (594.2/km). There were 17,649 housing units at an average density of 737.8 per square mile (284.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 83.9% White, 8.6% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 4.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.1% of the population.

There were 15,098 households, of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.0% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.91.

The median age in the city was 38.4 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.4% were from 25 to 44; 25.6% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 39,124 people, 16,287 households, and 9,918 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,685.3 inhabitants per square mile (650.7/km). There were 17,647 housing units at an average density of 760.2 per square mile (293.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 86.78% White, 8.87% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.80% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.09% from other races, and 2.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.03% of the population.

There were 16,287 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.89.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,210, and the median income for a family was $38,346. Males had a median income of $30,849 versus $21,164 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,096. About 12.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

Points of interest

Hicksite Friends Meeting House, 1150 North A Street, Richmond, Indiana. Now houses the Wayne County Historical Museum.

Education

Carpenter Hall at Earlham College, founded in 1847

Richmond is home to four colleges: Earlham College, Indiana University East, Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana, and the Purdue Polytechnic Institute – Richmond. It is also home to two seminaries, the Quaker Earlham School of Religion and Church of the Brethren Bethany Theological Seminary.

Richmond High School includes the Richmond Art Museum and Civic Hall Performing Arts Center. Seton Catholic High School, a junior and senior high school, is a religious high school. It is based in the former home of St. Andrew High School (1899–1936) and, more recently, St. Andrew Elementary School, adjacent to St. Andrew Church of the Richmond Catholic Community.

The Richmond Japanese Language School (リッチモンド(IN)補習授業校 Ritchimondo(IN)Hoshū Jugyō Kō) a part-time Japanese school, holds its classes at the Highland Heights School.

The town has a lending library, the Morrisson Reeves Library.

Religious groups

Richmond is the headquarters of Friends United Meeting, and hosts the Quaker Hill Conference Center, of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).

Media

The daily newspaper is the Gannett-owned Palladium-Item.

Full-power radio stations include WKBV, WFMG, WQLK, WKRT, and Earlham College's student-run public radio station WECI. Richmond is also served by WJYW which is repeated on 94.5 and 97.7. Area NPR radio stations include WBSH in Hagerstown, Indiana, and WMUB in Oxford, Ohio.

Richmond is considered to be within the Dayton, Ohio, television market and has one full-power television station, WKOI, which is an Ion owned and operated station. The city also has one county-wide public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable television station, Whitewater Community Television.

Transportation

A Penn Central passenger train at Richmond's Pennsylvania Railroad station in 1968

Richmond Municipal Airport is a public-use airport five nautical miles (6 mi, 9 km) southeast of Richmond's central business district. It is owned by the Richmond Board of Aviation Commissioners. It is also an exclave of Richmond. Richmond's closest airport with commercial service is Dayton International Airport.

Richmond is served by Interstate 70 at exits 149, 151, 153, and 156.

Established in 1902, Richmond's Pennsylvania Railroad station was a hub for Pennsylvania Railroad, and later, Penn Central trains into the late 1960s. The last train at the station was Amtrak's National Limited between Kansas City and New York City, which ended service in 1979. Richmond was also home to a Chesapeake and Ohio Railway station.

Public transit service is provided by city-owned Roseview Transit, operating daily except Sundays and major holidays.

Notable people

Academia

Actors

Artists and designers

Business

Musicians

Politicians, activists, and civic leaders

Religion and related

Science

Sports

Writers and journalists

Sister cities

See also

References

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