Cairnryan: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 11:58, 29 August 2012 editSw2nd (talk \| contribs)9,211 edits duplicate coord← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 01:26, 10 November 2024 edit undoMonkbot (talk \| contribs)Bots3,695,952 editsm Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx\|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 3);Tag: AWB
(221 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{~~lead~~ ~~too~~ ~~short~~\|date=~~July~~ ~~2012~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2021}}
			{{Infobox UK place
	{{ref improve\|date=July 2012}}
			\| country = Scotland
	{{Infobox UK place
			\| official_name = Cairnryan
	\|country = Scotland
			\| gaelic_name = Càrn Rìoghain / Machair an Sgithich
	\|official_name=Cairnryan
			\| scots_name = The Cairn
	\|gaelic_name=Machair an Sgithich
			\| population = 142
	\|scots_name=
			\| population_ref = (])
	\| population = 142
			\| os_grid_reference = NX067683
	\| population_ref = (])
			\| coordinates = {{coord\|54.971\|-5.018\|display=inline,title}}
	\|os_grid_reference=NX067683
			\| unitary_scotland = ]
	\|latitude=54.971
			\| lieutenancy_scotland = ]
	\|longitude=-5.018
	\|~~unitary_scotland~~=]		\| constituency_westminster = ]
			\| constituency_scottish_parliament = ]
	\|lieutenancy_scotland=]
			\| post_town = STRANRAER
	\|constituency_westminster=]
			\| postcode_district = DG9
	\|constituency_scottish_parliament=]
			\| postcode_area = DG
	\|post_town=STRANRAER
			\| dial_code = 01581
	\|postcode_district =DG9
			\| static_image_name = Shore, Cairnryan - geograph.org.uk - 1298522.jpg
	\|postcode_area=DG
			\| static_image_width = 240px
	\|dial_code=01776
			\| static_image_caption =
	\|static_image=]
			}}
	\|static_image_caption=
	}}

			'''Cairnryan''' ({{langx\|sco\|The Cairn}};<ref name="lang"> {{webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122064223/http://newsnetscotland.com/index.php/component/content/article/2999-list-of-railway-station-names.html \|date=22 January 2013 }}</ref> {{langx\|gd\|Càrn Rìoghain}} or {{langx\|gd\|Machair an Sgithich\|label=none}}) is a village in the historical county of ], ], Scotland. It lies on the eastern shore of ], {{convert\|6\|mi\|km\|0\|spell=on\|abbr=off}} north of ] and {{convert\|81\|mi\|km\|0}} southwest of ].
	'''Cairnryan''' is a small ] ] in ] in ] on the eastern shore of ]. The village is important in maritime history.

	==~~Ferry Port~~==		==History==
			Cairnryan is a linear settlement, looking across the main ] to ]. It was established in 1701, when Lochryan House was built for Lt. Colonel Andrew Agnew, 9th of Croach, (along with many of the houses, to the north of the village) for workers on the Lochryan Estate. A local slate quarry, next to Cairn Hill, which overlooks the village, provided the slates for the housing. The estate included a deer park and a bowling green. Lochryan House was re-modelled in the 1820s and is visible from the main road.
	]
	]
	Cairnryan is notable for its two modern ] terminals connecting ] to ]. The first opened in 1973, originally operated by ] and now by ] links Scotland with the port of ]. The second at Old House Point is operated by ] linking to the port of ].<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-15780705 \| work=BBC News \| title=Stranraer harbour bids farewell to ferries \| date=2011-11-18}}</ref>

			Into the 1800s, Cairnryan was an important staging post on the coach route to ], with half a dozen inns along this short stretch of coast. It also achieved a less desirable reputation as a haunt of ] preying on that same passing traffic.
	] provides trains run by ] to ] and ].

			For two hundred years Cairnryan had been noted for its deep water facility<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Gill \|first=Bill \|title=The Cairnryan Military Railway \|publisher=The Oakwood Press \|year=2021 \|isbn=978-0-85361-762-4 \|location=Catrine \|pages=5}}</ref> and during ] it became No.2 Military Port, with three harbour piers and a military railway, linking the village with nearby ]. To make room for the development of new railway tracks, the properties on the loch side of the village were demolished, reducing the local population as the occupiers were re-housed elsewhere.
	== Overview ==
	{{Cairnryan Military Railway}}

			Of the three piers built, only one pier remains; one being dismantled and the other being destroyed (in an ammunition explosion) shortly after ]. The remaining pier is now in a state of considerable disrepair (but is still used by anglers).
	Cairnryan was established in 1701, when Lochryan House was built, along with many of the houses in the North End of the village, for workers on the Lochryan Estate. A slate quarry may be seen in the side of the face of the Cairn Hill which overlooks the village, where the slates for the housing roofs were sourced from. Features of the Estate included a Deer Park, Bowling Green. These, along with houses on the shore side of the main road, would make way for the massive war construction the village would see.

			Another role, during World War II, was the building of some sections for the two ]s, the floating ports on which the Allies depended after D-Day. Troops were based locally, in ]s. At the end of the World War II, the ] ] fleet surrendered in Loch Ryan and was anchored in the port before being towed to the ] and ], this activity was codenamed ']'.
	During ], Cairnryan became No.2 Military Port, and three harbour piers and a military ], linking the village with nearby ], were built by the army. Only one pier remains, one was dismantled and another was destroyed in an ammunition explosion shortly after the war. The remaining pier is now in a state of disrepair and is fenced off. Despite this many ]s use this pier for ], ], ], ] and ].

			In the early 1950s, houses were built at Claddyburn Terrace at the South end of the village, which increased the village's population.
	Thousands of troops were based locally, in ]s. At the end of the war, the ] ] fleet surrendered in Loch Ryan and was anchored in the port before being towed to the ] and ]. This activity was codenamed ']'.

			For a period after the Second World War, (until at least 1958), the port was used to receive, by rail and by ] and ] ships, surplus/time-expired ] which was loaded onto ] for dumping in deep water. Ammunition being transported by rail had their trucks labelled with the address, "Davy Jones' Locker, Cairnryan". Handling and disposal was carried out by 13 Company ], based at the army camp (now a holiday campsite) behind the Loch Ryan Hotel.
	For a period after the war, the port was used to load superfluous ammunition onto army landing craft for disposal at sea - a hazardous task, which took the lives of several at the port, while the long-term and wider risks of such dumping have only later become more evident. In 1957 and 1958, Cairnryan Wharf and the port/jetty were again used in a joint Army/RAF operation called ']'. This operation was to build a rocket-tracking station on the remote island of ]. Heavy plant and other equipment was transported using RASC Landing Craft Tanks (LCT's). Military activity ceased in the early 1960s, when most of the military infrastructure was abandoned, then dismantled, apart from the afore-mentioned pier.

			In 1957 and 1958, Cairnryan Lighterage Wharf and the port/jetty were again used in a joint Army/RAF operation called 'Operation Hardrock'. This operation was to build a rocket-tracking station on the remote island of ], serving the South Uist Missile Range, from where the ']' missiles were launched. The civil engineering work, involving an accommodation block and a winding road to the island's highest point, where the rocket-tracking building was built, was carried out by the RAF's 5004 Airfield Construction Squadron. Personnel, plant and other equipment was transported between the pier, Cairnryan and St. Kilda, using RASC Landing Craft Tanks, operated by 76 Squadron RASC, based at Portsmouth.
	In the early 1950s, to the South End of the village, a number of ]s were built at Claddyburn Terrace, which increased the village's population.

			Military port activity ceased in the early 1960s, when the whole military infrastructure, such as the cranes and the railway line, were abandoned, then dismantled, apart from the pier and lighterage wharf themselves.
	In the late 1960s, ] then became the main industry; the British ]s ], ], ], and ] were all sent for demolition, as well as a number of other vessels, including ] and ]. As recently as 1990, ] ]s were being dismantled for scrap.{{Citation needed\|date=May 2010 }}

			In the late 1960s, ] became the main industry. The British ]s ], ], ], and ] were all sent for breaking up, as well as a number of other vessels, including ] and ]. The trawler '']'' was awaiting scrapping in 1980, when the ] organisation bought the ship for their new offshore radio station.
	From the 1960s, through to the 1990s, the Croach Quarry was the scene of many explosions and excavations of stone.

			In July 1973, ] started a "roll on, roll off" ferry service, from the Lighterage Wharf in Cairnryan, to ] for passengers and cars, using the ship ''Ionic Ferry''. Later, the service was extended to commercial vehicles. In 1987, Townsend Thoresen was rebranded ] after the 'Herald of Free Enterprise' disaster as ] had just taken over the parent company ].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1986/208pen_oriental_steam_nav_comp_euro_ferries_group_plc.htm \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206100233/http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/rep_pub/reports/1986/208pen_oriental_steam_nav_comp_euro_ferries_group_plc.htm \|archivedate=2010-12-06\|url-status=usurped \|title=Competition Commission - The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and European Ferries Group PLC }}</ref>
	The main facilities in the village today, are the Lochryan Hotel, some Bed and Breakfasts / Guest Houses, the Caravan Site built on the site of an old war camp site, Village Shop and the Merchant's House Restaurant. Up until the early 2000s, there was also a Post Office and Petrol Station. The village church was demolished in 1990.

			In 2011, Stena Line transferred its car ferry operation from Stranraer Harbour to one at Old House Point, just north of Cairnryan, operating to the Belfast Port.
	== Future ==
	Its status as a ferry port looks to be secured, with ] continuing to depart from Cairnryan and ] operating from a new terminal at Old House Point.<ref name="Stena move to Cairnryan">{{cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/south_of_scotland/7817569.stm\|title=Ferry terminal plan makes headway\|date=2009-01-09\|accessdate=2009-01-13\|publisher=BBC}}</ref>

			==Harbour==
	This means a major financial investment in the ] routes and significant long term security for the village and the wider ] basin.
			{{main\|Cairnryan Harbour}}
			]

			Cairnryan has two ferry terminals connecting Scotland to Northern Ireland.

			The first, at the south of Cairnryan, opened in 1973, originally operated by ] and now by ], links Scotland with the port of ]. Part of this terminal utilises Cairnryan Lighterage Wharf.

			The second, the ex-British Rail/Sealink one, which was based at Stranraer Harbour, is now at Old House Point, just north of Cairnryan, opened in 2011 and is operated by ] linking to the ] in ].<ref>{{Cite news \|date=18 November 2011 \|title=Stranraer Harbour bids farewell to ferries \|publisher=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-south-scotland-15780705}}</ref>{{clear left}}

			==Transport==
			A bus link operated by Wigtownshire Community Transport used to run between the ] and ] ferry terminals at Cairnryan and ]. ] is approximately 15 minutes walk from the bus stop. However, by 2024, it has not run for a number of years. Now the bus service to Stranraer is run as part of the Stagecoach number 58/358 Girvan to Stranraer route.

			] operate a coach service between the ferry terminal and ] to connect with certain sailings to and from ].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Rail & Sail \|url=https://www.stenaline.co.uk/ferries-to-britain/rail-sail \|access-date=2018-07-16 \|website=stenaline.co.uk \|language=en-GB}}</ref>

			{{s-rail-start\|noclear=yes}}
			{{s-rail\|title=Ferry}}
			{{s-note\|text=Ferry services}}
			{{rail line\|next=] <br /><small>(nearest stations ], ] &<br> ])</small>\|previous=]<br /><small>(via coach link from Cairnryan)</small>\|route=]<br /><small>Ferry</small>\|col={{ferry colour}} }}
			{{rail line\|next=]\|previous=]<br /><small>(via bus link from Cairnryan)</small>\|route=]<br/><small>Ferry</small>\|col={{ferry colour}} }}
			{{s-end}}

	== References ==		== References ==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist\|}}

	==External links==		==External links==
			*
	{{commons category inline\|Cairnryan}}
			*
			*

			{{commons category\|Cairnryan}}

	{{Places in the Rhins}}		{{Places in the Rhins}}

			{{authority control}}

			]
	]		]
	]		]
	]
	]		]
	]		]
			]

	]
	]
	]
	]

Latest revision as of 01:26, 10 November 2024

Human settlement in Scotland

Cairnryan Scottish Gaelic: Càrn Rìoghain / Machair an Sgithich Scots: The Cairn

CairnryanLocation within Dumfries and Galloway
Population	142 (2001 Census)
OS grid reference	NX067683
Council area	Dumfries and Galloway
Lieutenancy area	Wigtown
Country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	STRANRAER
Postcode district	DG9
Dialling code	01581

Police	Scotland
Fire	Scottish
Ambulance	Scottish

UK Parliament	Dumfries and Galloway
Scottish Parliament	Galloway and West Dumfries
List of places UK Scotland 54°58′16″N 5°01′05″W / 54.971°N 5.018°W / 54.971; -5.018

Cairnryan (Scots: The Cairn; Scottish Gaelic: Càrn Rìoghain or Machair an Sgithich) is a village in the historical county of Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It lies on the eastern shore of Loch Ryan, six miles (ten kilometres) north of Stranraer and 81 miles (130 km) southwest of Glasgow.

History

Cairnryan is a linear settlement, looking across the main A77 road to Loch Ryan. It was established in 1701, when Lochryan House was built for Lt. Colonel Andrew Agnew, 9th of Croach, (along with many of the houses, to the north of the village) for workers on the Lochryan Estate. A local slate quarry, next to Cairn Hill, which overlooks the village, provided the slates for the housing. The estate included a deer park and a bowling green. Lochryan House was re-modelled in the 1820s and is visible from the main road.

Into the 1800s, Cairnryan was an important staging post on the coach route to Ayr, with half a dozen inns along this short stretch of coast. It also achieved a less desirable reputation as a haunt of highwaymen preying on that same passing traffic.

For two hundred years Cairnryan had been noted for its deep water facility and during World War II it became No.2 Military Port, with three harbour piers and a military railway, linking the village with nearby Stranraer. To make room for the development of new railway tracks, the properties on the loch side of the village were demolished, reducing the local population as the occupiers were re-housed elsewhere.

Of the three piers built, only one pier remains; one being dismantled and the other being destroyed (in an ammunition explosion) shortly after World War II. The remaining pier is now in a state of considerable disrepair (but is still used by anglers).

Another role, during World War II, was the building of some sections for the two Mulberry Harbours, the floating ports on which the Allies depended after D-Day. Troops were based locally, in military camps. At the end of the World War II, the Atlantic U-boat fleet surrendered in Loch Ryan and was anchored in the port before being towed to the North Channel and scuttled, this activity was codenamed 'Operation Deadlight'.

In the early 1950s, houses were built at Claddyburn Terrace at the South end of the village, which increased the village's population.

For a period after the Second World War, (until at least 1958), the port was used to receive, by rail and by Liberty and Victory ships, surplus/time-expired ammunition which was loaded onto landing craft for dumping in deep water. Ammunition being transported by rail had their trucks labelled with the address, "Davy Jones' Locker, Cairnryan". Handling and disposal was carried out by 13 Company Royal Pioneer Corps, based at the army camp (now a holiday campsite) behind the Loch Ryan Hotel.

In 1957 and 1958, Cairnryan Lighterage Wharf and the port/jetty were again used in a joint Army/RAF operation called 'Operation Hardrock'. This operation was to build a rocket-tracking station on the remote island of St Kilda, serving the South Uist Missile Range, from where the 'MGM-5 Corporal' missiles were launched. The civil engineering work, involving an accommodation block and a winding road to the island's highest point, where the rocket-tracking building was built, was carried out by the RAF's 5004 Airfield Construction Squadron. Personnel, plant and other equipment was transported between the pier, Cairnryan and St. Kilda, using RASC Landing Craft Tanks, operated by 76 Squadron RASC, based at Portsmouth.

Military port activity ceased in the early 1960s, when the whole military infrastructure, such as the cranes and the railway line, were abandoned, then dismantled, apart from the pier and lighterage wharf themselves.

In the late 1960s, ship breaking became the main industry. The British aircraft carriers HMS Centaur, HMS Bulwark, HMS Eagle, and HMS Ark Royal were all sent for breaking up, as well as a number of other vessels, including HMS Mohawk and HMS Blake. The trawler Ross Revenge was awaiting scrapping in 1980, when the Radio Caroline organisation bought the ship for their new offshore radio station.

In July 1973, Townsend Thoresen started a "roll on, roll off" ferry service, from the Lighterage Wharf in Cairnryan, to Larne for passengers and cars, using the ship Ionic Ferry. Later, the service was extended to commercial vehicles. In 1987, Townsend Thoresen was rebranded P&O European Ferries after the 'Herald of Free Enterprise' disaster as P&O had just taken over the parent company European Ferries.

In 2011, Stena Line transferred its car ferry operation from Stranraer Harbour to one at Old House Point, just north of Cairnryan, operating to the Belfast Port.

Harbour

Main article: Cairnryan Harbour

Cairnryan has two ferry terminals connecting Scotland to Northern Ireland.

The first, at the south of Cairnryan, opened in 1973, originally operated by Townsend Thoresen and now by P&O Ferries, links Scotland with the port of Larne. Part of this terminal utilises Cairnryan Lighterage Wharf.

The second, the ex-British Rail/Sealink one, which was based at Stranraer Harbour, is now at Old House Point, just north of Cairnryan, opened in 2011 and is operated by Stena Line linking to the Port of Belfast in Belfast.

Transport

A bus link operated by Wigtownshire Community Transport used to run between the P&O Ferries and Stena Line ferry terminals at Cairnryan and Stranraer. Stranraer railway station is approximately 15 minutes walk from the bus stop. However, by 2024, it has not run for a number of years. Now the bus service to Stranraer is run as part of the Stagecoach number 58/358 Girvan to Stranraer route.

Stena Line operate a coach service between the ferry terminal and Ayr railway station to connect with certain sailings to and from Belfast.

Preceding station		Ferry	Following station
	Ferry services
Ayr (via coach link from Cairnryan)		Stena Line Ferry	Port of Belfast (nearest stations York Street, Lanyon Place & Belfast Grand Central)
Stranraer Harbour (via bus link from Cairnryan)		P&O Ferries Ferry	Larne Harbour

References

List of railway station names in English, Scots and Gaelic Archived 22 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
Gill, Bill (2021). The Cairnryan Military Railway. Catrine: The Oakwood Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-85361-762-4.
"Competition Commission - The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company and European Ferries Group PLC". Archived from the original on 6 December 2010.
"Stranraer Harbour bids farewell to ferries". BBC News. 18 November 2011.
"Rail & Sail". stenaline.co.uk. Retrieved 16 July 2018.

External links

v t e Places in the Rhins of Galloway, Scotland
North to South
Kirkcolm Cairnryan Leswalt Stranraer Castle Kennedy Lochans Portpatrick Stoneykirk Sandhead Clachanmore Ardwell Port Logan Kirkmaiden Drummore Mull of Galloway

Categories: