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{{Short description|Ancient city in northern India}}
<!-- See ] for details -->{{Infobox settlement
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
| name = Hastinapur
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
| native_name =
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = | native_name =
| nickname = | image_skyline = Kailash Parvat Rachna - 2.jpg
| settlement_type = city | image_alt = Hastinapur City
| image_skyline = Ashtapad.jpg | image_caption = Kailash Parvat Rachna
| image_alt = | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| image_caption = A temple in Hastinapur
| pushpin_map_alt = Hastinapura
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
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| coordinates = {{coord|29.17|N|78.02|E|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| subdivision_type = Country
| latd = 29.17
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
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| longEW = E | elevation_m = 212
| population_total = 58,452
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| population_as_of = 2011
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| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_date = | postal_code = 250404
| founder = | pushpin_label = Hastinapur
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}} }}
'''Hastinapur''' ({{lang-hi|हस्‍तिनापुर}}, ]:{{lang|sa|हस्‍तिनापुरम्}} Hastināpuram) is a town and a ] in ] in the ]n ] of ].


'''Hastinapur''' is a city in the ] in the Indian ] of ]. ''Hastinapura'' is described as the capital of the ] in ] such as the '']'' and the ]; it is also mentioned in ancient ]. Hastinapur is located on the right bank of the ] river.
==History==
Hastinapur was the capital of the ] dynasty of kings. All incidents in the epic Mahabharata were believed to have taken place in the city of Hastinapur. The first reference to Hastinapur in ] comes as the capital of ]. Grandson of the emperor ], Samrat ] has built many temples here during his empire. The ancient temple & the stoops are not present today. Excavation at Hastinapur was carried out in early 1950s, by ], Director General of the ]. Although the main aim of this excavation, mentioned by Lal himself, was to find out the stratigraphic position of the ] with reference to other known ceramic industries of the early historical period. Lal could not resist attempting a correlation between Mahabharata, the text, and the material remains that he uncovered at Hastinapur. This exercise led him to historicize some of the traditions mentioned in the text, as well as link the appearance of the ] with the arrival of the ]s in upper ] basin areas. Though Pre history of Hastinapur is not clear as full scale excavation could not be undertaken in inhibited area. In medieval era, Hastinapur was attacked by ] ruler ] when invading ], and cannons were bombarded on temples and stoopas. During British India Hastinapur was ruled by the ] Raja Nain Singh Nagar. He built many temples in and around Hastinapur.

==Present day location==
In the present day Hastinapur is a town in the ] region of Uttar Pradesh, called Hastinapur, around 37&nbsp;km from ] and 100&nbsp;km from ]. It is situated at 29 degree 09'31.50 degree north & 77 degree 59'19.46" east. Hastinapur is 106&nbsp;km north-east of ] on Delhi-Meerut-Pauri (]) national highway no. 119. It is a small township re-established by ] on February 6, 1949.


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
In ], ''Hastinapura'' translates to 'the City of Elephants' from ''Hastina'' (elephant) and ''pura'' (city). Its history dates back to the period of '']''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh|title=Uttar Pradesh - History|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-12-16}}</ref> It is said that the city was named after King Hasti.<ref name="Mittal2006">{{cite book|author=J.P. Mittal|title=History Of Ancient India (a New Version) : From 7300 Bb To 4250 Bc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7gOBW8oDFgC&pg=PA308|access-date=21 March 2018|volume=1|year=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-269-0615-4|page=308}}</ref>
Hastinapuram(]) Hastin (elephant) + puram (city) is a city named after the elephants. History of this place begins from the period of Mahabharata. It is also described as Gajpur, Nagpur, Asandivat, Brahmasthal, Shanti Nagar and Kunjarpur in ancient texts.


It is also mentioned in the '']'', the 13th and 14th verses of which say (translated):
==Geography==


{{blockquote| "Having crossed Ganga River at Hastinapura, they proceeded towards the west and, reaching Panchala kingdom through Kuru Jangala and observing well-filled lakes and rivers with clear water, the messengers mentioned above went briskly, due to the pressing nature of their mission." |source='']''
Hastinapur is located at {{Coord|29.17|N|78.02|E|}}.<ref></ref> It has an average elevation of 202&nbsp;metres (662&nbsp;feet).
|sign=Valmiki}}


==Demographics== ==History==
The early archaeological remains of the region belong to ] which was a ] culture of Ganga Yamuna doab. Around c.1200 BCE the region transformed to an ] culture. The region was occupied by the ] which corresponds to the ].<ref>{{Cite book| last =Singh | first =Upinder | year =2008 | title =A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century | publisher =Pearson Education India | isbn =9788131711200 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA216}}</ref>


In the ''Mahabharata'', Hastinapur is portrayed as the capital of the ] of the ]s. Many incidents in the ''Mahabharata'' were set in the city of Hastinapur. According to the ''Mahabharata'', the 100 Kaurava brothers were born in this city to their mother, Queen ], the wife of King ]. On the bank of the Budhi Ganga, two places near Hastinapur (]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_imp_uttarpradesh.asp|title=Excavation Sites in Uttar Pradesh - Archaeological Survey of India|work=asi.nic.in}}</ref> and ]) reference ''Mahabharata'' personages.
{{As of|2001}} India ],<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref> Hastinapur had a population of 21,248. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Hastinapur has an average literacy rate of 68%, above than the national average of 59.5%. In Hastinapur, 15% of the population is under 10 years of age.
] pulling Hastinapur toward the Ganges, shown on a page from a "Bhagavata Dasamskanda" series]]
The first reference to Hastinapur in the ] presents the city as the capital of ] kingdom.
] in lotus position excavated in Hastinapur]]


Excavations at Hastinapur were carried out in the early 1950s by ], Director General of the ]. Although the main aim of this excavation, according to Lal himself, was to determine the stratigraphic position of ] concerning other known ceramic industries of the early historical period, Lal found correlations between the text of the ''Mahabharata'' and the material remains that he unearthed at Hastinapur. This led him to historicize some of the traditions mentioned in the ''Mahabharata'' as well as link the appearance of the Painted Grey Ware with ]s in the upper ] basin areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_exca_imp_uttarpradesh.asp|title=Excavation Sites in Uttar Pradesh - Archaeological Survey of India|work=asi.nic.in|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
==Places of interest==
Hastinapur is considered one of the most holiest pilgrimage sites for ]s in India. It is believed to be the birthplace of 3 Jain ]. There are many marvelous Jain temples in Hastinapur. Shri Digambar Jain Mandir, Jambudweep, Kailash Parvat, Shwetambar Jain Temple are the main and famous temples in Hastinapur. Besides from Jain Temples Old Pandeshwar Temple, Historical Gurudwara and ] are worth being seen.


Hastinapur is listed in the ] as a ] under Delhi ], producing a revenue of 4,466,904 ]s for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 300 infantry and 10 cavalry. The author ] describes it "an ancient Hindu settlement" lying on the Ganges.<ref name="Ain-i-Akbari">{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog |title=The Ain-i-Akbari |date=1891 |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bengal |location=Calcutta |page=288 |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>
==Shri Digamber Jain Mandir Hastinapur==
is the oldest Jain Temple in Hastinapur. At there is a huge dome constructed on a 40 feet high hillock. The main temple is constructed on a four feet high platform. The temple is very magnificent and have an artistic & huge spire. Inside the temple there is one altar with three divisions. In the altar white colored idol of principal deity Bhagwan Shantinath in Padmasana posture, 1½ foot in height is installed. In the both sides of principal deity idol of Lord Kunthunath in left and Arahnath in the right are installed. Also an antique piece of art on a flat stone is worth being seen, on which idols of ‘Panch Bal Yati' (Celibate) are carved in an artistic manner. It is supposed that this piece of art was created in 10-11th century.


In ], Hastinapur was ruled by ] Nagar, who built many ]s in and around Hastinapura.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Unreason and Archaeology: The 'Painted Grey-Ware' and Beyond|journal= Social Scientist|volume=25|issue=1/2|pages=16–24|jstor = 3517758|last1 = Habib|first1 = Irfan|year=1997|doi= 10.2307/3517758}}</ref>
====History of its construction====
Due to so many political and natural reasons, Hastinapur remained ignored for centuries. As a result, many temples, stoopas and shrines were destroyed, but at that time too this remained a pilgrimage center, devotees from various parts of nation continued their traveling for pilgrimage here. During 18th –19th century condition of Hastinapur was very pitiable. Devotees were thinking that being a sacred place, a temple must be built here. In the year 1801(V.S. 1858), on the day of ‘Jyeshtha Krishna’, Raja Harsukh Rai gave his consent for the construction of a temple at Hastinaupur. He was the treasurer of Mughal Emperor Shah Aalam in Delhi. Later on V.S. 1863, year 1806 a function was organized for (Vedi Pratishtha & Kalasharohan) installation of principal deity on the altar. At that time the idol of Bhagwan Parshvanath without serpent hoods was installed as principal deity, it was brought from Delhi. A huge Dharmashala had been constructed surrounding the temple. Much extra work in the temple was completed by Raja Sugan Chand, son of Raja Harsukh Rai. In year 1857, during first freedom fight of India, some people looted the temple and Bhagwan Parshvanath’s idol was also taken away. Later on, from the new temple of Dharmapura, Delhi an idol of Bhagwan Shantinath was brought here and installed in the temple as principal deity, this was reverenced in V.S. 1548 by Bhattarka Jin Chandra. From that time, this temple is known as Bhagwan Shantinath Temple. In V.S. 1897, a huge main gate of temple was constructed by Lala Jai Kumar Mal.


==Geography and climate==
====Facilties====
Present-day Hastinapur is a town in the ] region of ] in ], about {{convert|37|km}} from ] and nearly {{convert|96|km|abbr=on}} north-east of ] on ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.distance.to/Hastināpur,Uttar-Pradesh,IND/New-Seema-Puri,New-Delhi,North-East,Delhi,IND|title=Distance Hastināpur, Uttar-Pradesh, IND > New-Seema-Puri, New-Delhi, North-East, Delhi, IND - Air line, driving route, midpoint|website=www.distance.to}}</ref> It is a small township re-established by ] on February 6, 1949, located at {{Coord|29.17|N|78.02|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Hastinapur.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Hastinapur, India|work=fallingrain.com|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> With an average elevation of {{convert|218|m}}, Hastinapur experiences temperatures ranging from {{convert|5|to|40|C}}. Summer season is from March to May, during which the temperatures range from {{convert|32|to|40|C}}. The monsoon season is from July to September, during which the temperature is relatively low. Winter lasts from December to February, with December usually being the coldest month of the year. During this time, temperatures can drop to around {{convert|5|C}} and don't usually go above {{convert|14|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/lang/en-in/hastinapur-weather/uttar-pradesh/in.aspx|title=Hastinapur Weather Forecast|website=WorldWeatherOnline.com}}</ref>
Digamber Jain Mandir has excellent lodging facility for the pilgrims. Pure vegetarian food is also available for Jain pilgrims. It has many other facilities in its huge premises like ATM, Post Office, Police Sub-station, Gurukul, Old age home, restaurants and other recreational facilities. There are many sites of tourist attraction as well, like Jal Mandir, Jain library, Acharya Vidyanand Museum, Tonks, and ancient Nashiyaji, situated few kilometers from the main temple.


==Demographics==
==Kailash Parvat Rachna==
According to the ], Hastinapur Nagar Panchayat had a population of 26,452, of which 14,010 are males while 12,442 are females. The literacy rate of the town was 74.5% slightly higher than the national average of 74%. Around 14% of the population was under 6 years of age.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hastinapur Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011-2023 {{!}} Uttar Pradesh |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/800712-hastinapur-uttar-pradesh.html |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hastinapur (Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/uttarpradesh/meerut/0940707000__hastinapur/ |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>
is a 131 foot high structure. It is located in front of Shri Digamber Jain Mandir. In Jainism, Mt. Kailash is the site where the first Jain Tirthankara, ], attained ]. The Consecrating ceremony (Panch Kalyanak Pratishtha Mahotsava) was accomplished in April 2006. Its height and location on the banks of the ravine of the once flowing ] makes its presence felt from afar, and has ornamental detail spreading over the minutely carved ceilings, doorways, pillars, and panels. Its premises has various other Jain Temples, Yatri Niwas, Auditorium, Guest House and many other tourist attractions.


==Places of interest==
==Jambudweep==
Located on the banks of an old ravine of the Ganges, Hastinapur is considered one of the holiest places for ] and ]. It is believed to be the birthplace of three Jain ]. There are many ancient Hindu temples including Pandeshwar Temple and Karna Temple, as well as Jain temples such as ], ], ], ], and Shwetambar Jain Temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/meerut/mahabharata-circuit-the-historical-glory-of-hastinapur-is-much-more-below-the-ground|title=महाभारत सर्किट: जितनी ऊपर, उससे कहीं ज्यादा जमीन के नीचे है हस्तिनापुर की वैभवशाली गौरवगाथा|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uttarpradesh.gov.in/en/details/hastinapur/340030003800|title=Hastinapur &#124; Meerut &#124; UP Tourism|website=uttarpradesh.gov.in|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302060508/http://uttarpradesh.gov.in/en/details/hastinapur/340030003800|url-status=dead}}</ref>]|left]]
The marvellous ] sculpture showing the structure of Jain Geography has been designed here under the supervision of Supreme Jain Sadhvi Shri Gyanmati Mataji. The premises has various Jain Mandir which includes Sumeru Parvat, Lotus Temple, Teen Murti Mandir, Meditation Temple, Teen Lok Rachna and many other tourist attractions.
===Temples and monuments===
====Digamber Jain Bada Mandir Hastinapur====
{{Main|Digamber Jain Bada Mandir Hastinapur}}
] is one of the oldest Jain temples in Hastinapur. The main temple is believed to have been built in 1801 under the aegis of ], who was the imperial treasurer of Emperor ].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://mdameerut.in/major-attraction/ | title=Major Attractions &#124; Meerut Development Authority | access-date=7 May 2016 | archive-date=5 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005051647/http://mdameerut.in/major-attraction/ | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.digambarjainonline.com/pilgri/hastina.htm |title=Digambar Jain temple Shri Hastinapur |access-date=19 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018060514/http://www.digambarjainonline.com/pilgri/hastina.htm |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=A Review of World Antiquarianism: Comparative Perspectives |journal= Bulletin of the History of Archaeology|volume= 24|publisher= Getty Publications |page=431 |isbn=978-1606061480|doi= 10.5334/bha.2418|year= 2014|last1= Evans|first1= Christopher|doi-access= free}}</ref> The temple has many other facilities, including, ], ], and a ]. Several tourist attractions including Jal Mandir, Jain Library, Acharya Vidyanand Museum, 24 Tonks, and the ancient Nishiyajis are situated few kilometres from the main temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uptourism.gov.in/article/hastinapur|title=Welcome to UP Tourism-Official Website of Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India &#124; Hastinapur|website=www.uptourism.gov.in|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805171313/http://uptourism.gov.in/article/hastinapur|url-status=dead}}</ref>]
====Shri Shwetambar Jain Ashtapad Teerth====
Shri Ashtapad Teerth was built under the aegis of ''Shri Hastinapur Jain Shwetambar Teerth Trust''. It is a {{convert|151|ft|m|adj=mid|-high|order=flip}} structure dedicated to first tirthankara ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.herenow4u.net/index.php?id=70744|title=HereNow4U.net :: Article Archive - The 151-Foot High Ashtapad Teerth in Hastinapur|work=HereNow4u: Portal on Jainism and next level consciousness|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>


====Kailash Parvat Rachna====
==Shri Shwetambar Jain Temple==
Kailash Parvat is a {{convert|131|ft|m|adj=mid|-high|order=flip}} structure, constructed under the aegis of Shri Digamber Jain Mandir, Hastinapur. The Kailash Parvat premises are home to several Jain temples, including Yatri Niwas and Bhojanshala. Kailash Parvat also has an auditorium and a ] on the premises.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bhaktibharat.com/mandir/kailash-parvat-rachna|title=Home|work=bhaktibharat.com|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism-in-india/uttar-pradesh/hastinapur/kailashparvat-mandir|title=WWW.JAINHERITAGECENTRES.COM > Jainism In India > Uttar Pradesh > Hastinapur > Kailash parvat Mandir|work=jainheritagecentres.com|access-date=25 August 2015|date=January 2012}}</ref>]]]
The Shwetambar temple is renovated recently and the re-establishment took place on Margshirsh Shukla 10 of VS 2021. Ashtapad built under the aegis of Shri Shwetambar Jain Temple is 151 feet high structure. The stunning architecture of this monument is worth being seen. Prathishta (reverence) took place on 2 December 2009 under nishra of Gachhadipati Acharya Nityanand Surishwerji. ''Jain Sthanak'' is also situated near to Shwetambar Jain Temple.
====Jambudweep Jain Tirth====
{{main|Jambudweep}}
], depicting a model of ], was designed here under the supervision of Shri ] in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jambudweep.org|title=Home|work=jambudweep.org|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>


====Pandeshwar Temple====
==Hastinapur Sanctuary ==
Situated in the historic location of the ancient city of Hastinapur, the Pandeshwar temple is dedicated to ]. This temple is believed to be the place where ]s and ]s received their education in ] and ].{{Citation needed|date=October 2018}} A temple of the Hindu goddess ] and many Hindu ]as are also present on a hillock between the ruins. Legend has it that in the Mahabharata period, Pandu's eldest son Yudhishthira had established the shivalinga at the Pandeshwar Mahadev temple before the war of Mahabharata and prayed to Shiva for a blessing of winning the war.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/a-place-in-hastinapur-where-queen-draupadi-offered-her-daily-devotions/as72243731.cms|title=Yudhishthira had established the shivalinga|work=timesofindia}}</ref>
] is one of the prominent wildlife projects in India. It was constituted in the year 1986. The sanctuary extends over a wide area of ], ], ] and ] in ]. The Hastinapur Sanctuary is a sprawling forest occupying the area of 2073&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.


==Pandeshwer Temple== ====Karna Temple====
]
It is an old temple of Lord Shiva, situated in the ruins of old Hastinapur. A statue of "Kali Mata" ] is situated on hillock of ruins. Karan Temple situated nearby lies on the bank of old ravine of ]. Shivlinga inside it is said to be established by ], one of the main characters in the epic of ].
The Karna Temple is located near the Pandeshwar temple on an old ravine along the bank of the ]. The ] inside the Karna Temple is believed to be established by ], one of the prominent figures in the ''Mahabharata''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/25/stories/2006012511400300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323044221/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/25/stories/2006012511400300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2006|work=]|title=Work on Mahabharat Circuit to start soon|date=2006-01-25|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>


==Historical Bhai Dharam Singh Gurudwara== ====Bhai Dharam Singh Gurdwara====
This is a small ] located in the village of Saifpur, around {{convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from Hastinapur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nativeplanet.com/hastinapur/attractions/bhai-dharam-sing-gurdwara/|title=Bhai Dharam Sing Gurdwara - Hastinapur - Bhai Dharam Sing Gurdwara Photos, Sightseeing - Native Planet|work=nativeplanet.com|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://upstdc.co.in/|title=Official Website Of Uttar Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation Ltd|website=upstdc.co.in|access-date=2020-03-16}}</ref>]|left]]
It is a beautiful and huge Gurudwara located in a village: Saifpur, some {{convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from Hastinapur. The Panj Piare (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਪਿਆਰੇ), name given to the five Sikhs, Bhai Daya Singh, '''Bhai Dharam Singh''', Bhai Himmat Singh, Bhai Mohkam Singh and Bhai Sahib Singh, who were so designated by Guru Gobind Singh at the historic divan at Anandpur Sahib on 30 March 1699 and who formed the nucleus of the Khalsa as the first batch to receive at his hands khanda di Pahul, i.e. rites of the two-edged sword.
===Hastinapur Sanctuary===
], established in 1986, is one of the prominent wildlife projects in India. The sanctuary extends over a wide area, encompassing the districts of ], ], ], ], ], and ] in ]. It is a sprawling forest, occupying an area of nearly {{convert|2073|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/09/stories/2006120900330200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103070947/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/12/09/stories/2006120900330200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 November 2012|work=]|title=Hastinapur sanctuary|date=2006-12-09|access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatravelfaq.com/india-sanctuaries/hastinapur-sanctuary.html|title=Hastinapur Sanctuary|work=indiatravelfaq.com|access-date=25 August 2015|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034840/http://www.indiatravelfaq.com/india-sanctuaries/hastinapur-sanctuary.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Festivals and Fairs== ==Festivals and fairs==
Various cultural and religious fairs are held here round the year, like Akshay Tritiya, Dus Lakshan Mahaparv, Kaarthik Poornima fair, Ashtanika Mahaparv, Holi fair etc. Maa Durga Pooja and some other programs are organised by ]s and the tourism department time-to-time. Maha-yagya is held in March of every year. Various cultural events and religious celebrations are held in Hastinapur annually, including ], ], ], ], and ]. These festivals, among others, are organized by non-government organizations (NGOs) and the ].


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* '']''
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=B.B. Lal|title=New Light on the "dark Age" of Indian History: Recent Excavations at the Hastinapura Site, Near Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4SyPgAACAAJ|year=1952|publisher=Illustrated London news}}
* {{cite book|author=Braj Basi Lal|title=Excavations at Hastinapura and Other Explorations , 1950-52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kh7mGwAACAAJ|year=1955}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Hastinapur}}

{{Meerut district}}
{{Mahabharata}} {{Mahabharata}}


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Latest revision as of 08:08, 28 November 2024

Ancient city in northern India

Town in Uttar Pradesh, India
Hastinapur
Town
Hastinapur CityKailash Parvat Rachna
HastinapuraHastinapuraHastinapurLocation in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaShow map of Uttar PradeshHastinapuraHastinapuraHastinapurHastinapur (India)Show map of India
Coordinates: 29°10′N 78°01′E / 29.17°N 78.02°E / 29.17; 78.02
Country India
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictMeerut
Elevation212 m (696 ft)
Population
 • Total58,452
Languages
 • OfficialHindi and English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN250404
Vehicle registrationUP-15

Hastinapur is a city in the Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Hastinapura is described as the capital of the Kuru Kingdom in Hindu texts such as the Mahabharata and the Puranas; it is also mentioned in ancient Jain texts. Hastinapur is located on the right bank of the Ganga river.

Etymology

In Sanskrit, Hastinapura translates to 'the City of Elephants' from Hastina (elephant) and pura (city). Its history dates back to the period of Mahabharata. It is said that the city was named after King Hasti.

It is also mentioned in the Ramayana, the 13th and 14th verses of which say (translated):

"Having crossed Ganga River at Hastinapura, they proceeded towards the west and, reaching Panchala kingdom through Kuru Jangala and observing well-filled lakes and rivers with clear water, the messengers mentioned above went briskly, due to the pressing nature of their mission."

— Valmiki, Ramayana

History

The early archaeological remains of the region belong to Ochre Coloured Pottery culture which was a Bronze Age culture of Ganga Yamuna doab. Around c.1200 BCE the region transformed to an Iron Age culture. The region was occupied by the Painted Grey Ware culture which corresponds to the Vedic Period.

In the Mahabharata, Hastinapur is portrayed as the capital of the Kuru Kingdom of the Kauravas. Many incidents in the Mahabharata were set in the city of Hastinapur. According to the Mahabharata, the 100 Kaurava brothers were born in this city to their mother, Queen Gandhari, the wife of King Dhritarashtra. On the bank of the Budhi Ganga, two places near Hastinapur (Draupadi Ghat and Karna Ghat) reference Mahabharata personages.

Balarama pulling Hastinapur toward the Ganges, shown on a page from a "Bhagavata Dasamskanda" series

The first reference to Hastinapur in the Puranas presents the city as the capital of Emperor Bharata's kingdom.

A 2nd century stone relief of 170 Jain Tirthankars in lotus position excavated in Hastinapur

Excavations at Hastinapur were carried out in the early 1950s by B. B. Lal, Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India. Although the main aim of this excavation, according to Lal himself, was to determine the stratigraphic position of Painted Grey Ware concerning other known ceramic industries of the early historical period, Lal found correlations between the text of the Mahabharata and the material remains that he unearthed at Hastinapur. This led him to historicize some of the traditions mentioned in the Mahabharata as well as link the appearance of the Painted Grey Ware with Aryans in the upper Ganges basin areas.

Hastinapur is listed in the Ain-i-Akbari as a pargana under Delhi sarkar, producing a revenue of 4,466,904 dams for the imperial treasury and supplying a force of 300 infantry and 10 cavalry. The author Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak describes it "an ancient Hindu settlement" lying on the Ganges.

In British India, Hastinapur was ruled by Raja Nain Singh Nagar, who built many Hindu temples in and around Hastinapura.

Geography and climate

Present-day Hastinapur is a town in the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh in India, about 37 kilometres (23 mi) from Meerut and nearly 96 km (60 mi) north-east of Delhi on National Highway 34. It is a small township re-established by Jawaharlal Nehru on February 6, 1949, located at 29°10′N 78°01′E / 29.17°N 78.02°E / 29.17; 78.02. With an average elevation of 218 metres (715 ft), Hastinapur experiences temperatures ranging from 5 to 40 °C (41 to 104 °F). Summer season is from March to May, during which the temperatures range from 32 to 40 °C (90 to 104 °F). The monsoon season is from July to September, during which the temperature is relatively low. Winter lasts from December to February, with December usually being the coldest month of the year. During this time, temperatures can drop to around 5 °C (41 °F) and don't usually go above 14 °C (57 °F).

Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Hastinapur Nagar Panchayat had a population of 26,452, of which 14,010 are males while 12,442 are females. The literacy rate of the town was 74.5% slightly higher than the national average of 74%. Around 14% of the population was under 6 years of age.

Places of interest

Located on the banks of an old ravine of the Ganges, Hastinapur is considered one of the holiest places for Hindus and Jains. It is believed to be the birthplace of three Jain Tirthankaras. There are many ancient Hindu temples including Pandeshwar Temple and Karna Temple, as well as Jain temples such as Shri Digamber, Jain Mandir, Jambudweep, Kailash Parvat, and Shwetambar Jain Temple.

Digamber Jain Bada Mandir Hastinapur

Temples and monuments

Digamber Jain Bada Mandir Hastinapur

Main article: Digamber Jain Bada Mandir Hastinapur

Digamber Jain Bada Mandir Hastinapur is one of the oldest Jain temples in Hastinapur. The main temple is believed to have been built in 1801 under the aegis of Raja Harsukh Rai, who was the imperial treasurer of Emperor Shah Alam II. The temple has many other facilities, including, police station, Digamber Jain Gurukul, and a Udaseen Ashram. Several tourist attractions including Jal Mandir, Jain Library, Acharya Vidyanand Museum, 24 Tonks, and the ancient Nishiyajis are situated few kilometres from the main temple.

Ashtapad

Shri Shwetambar Jain Ashtapad Teerth

Shri Ashtapad Teerth was built under the aegis of Shri Hastinapur Jain Shwetambar Teerth Trust. It is a 46-metre-high (151 ft) structure dedicated to first tirthankara Rishabhnath.

Kailash Parvat Rachna

Kailash Parvat is a 40-metre-high (131 ft) structure, constructed under the aegis of Shri Digamber Jain Mandir, Hastinapur. The Kailash Parvat premises are home to several Jain temples, including Yatri Niwas and Bhojanshala. Kailash Parvat also has an auditorium and a helipad on the premises.

Jambudweep

Jambudweep Jain Tirth

Main article: Jambudweep

Jambudweep, depicting a model of Jain cosmology, was designed here under the supervision of Shri Gyanmati Mataji in 1985.

Pandeshwar Temple

Situated in the historic location of the ancient city of Hastinapur, the Pandeshwar temple is dedicated to Shiva. This temple is believed to be the place where Kauravas and Pandavas received their education in Vedas and Puranas. A temple of the Hindu goddess Kali and many Hindu ashramas are also present on a hillock between the ruins. Legend has it that in the Mahabharata period, Pandu's eldest son Yudhishthira had established the shivalinga at the Pandeshwar Mahadev temple before the war of Mahabharata and prayed to Shiva for a blessing of winning the war.

Karna Temple

Karneshwar Mandir

The Karna Temple is located near the Pandeshwar temple on an old ravine along the bank of the Ganges. The Shivling inside the Karna Temple is believed to be established by Karna, one of the prominent figures in the Mahabharata.

Bhai Dharam Singh Gurdwara

This is a small Gurdwara located in the village of Saifpur, around 2.5 km (1.6 mi) from Hastinapur.

Migratory birds at Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary

Hastinapur Sanctuary

Hastinapur Sanctuary, established in 1986, is one of the prominent wildlife projects in India. The sanctuary extends over a wide area, encompassing the districts of Meerut, Ghaziabad, Gautam Budh Nagar, Bijnor, Hapur, and Jyotiba Phule Nagar in Uttar Pradesh. It is a sprawling forest, occupying an area of nearly 2,073 square kilometres (800 sq mi).

Festivals and fairs

Various cultural events and religious celebrations are held in Hastinapur annually, including Akshaya Tritiya, Das Lakshana, Kartik Mela, Holi Mela, and Durga Puja. These festivals, among others, are organized by non-government organizations (NGOs) and the State Tourism Department.

See also

References

  1. "Uttar Pradesh - History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  2. J.P. Mittal (2006). History Of Ancient India (a New Version) : From 7300 Bb To 4250 Bc. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 308. ISBN 978-81-269-0615-4. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  3. Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Education India. ISBN 9788131711200.
  4. "Excavation Sites in Uttar Pradesh - Archaeological Survey of India". asi.nic.in.
  5. "Excavation Sites in Uttar Pradesh - Archaeological Survey of India". asi.nic.in. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  6. The Ain-i-Akbari, Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1891, p. 288, retrieved 21 January 2021
  7. Habib, Irfan (1997). "Unreason and Archaeology: The 'Painted Grey-Ware' and Beyond". Social Scientist. 25 (1/2): 16–24. doi:10.2307/3517758. JSTOR 3517758.
  8. "Distance Hastināpur, Uttar-Pradesh, IND > New-Seema-Puri, New-Delhi, North-East, Delhi, IND - Air line, driving route, midpoint". www.distance.to.
  9. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Hastinapur, India". fallingrain.com. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  10. "Hastinapur Weather Forecast". WorldWeatherOnline.com.
  11. "Hastinapur Nagar Panchayat City Population Census 2011-2023 | Uttar Pradesh". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  12. "Hastinapur (Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  13. "महाभारत सर्किट: जितनी ऊपर, उससे कहीं ज्यादा जमीन के नीचे है हस्तिनापुर की वैभवशाली गौरवगाथा". Amar Ujala (in Hindi).
  14. "Hastinapur | Meerut | UP Tourism". uttarpradesh.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  15. "Major Attractions | Meerut Development Authority". Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
  16. "Digambar Jain temple Shri Hastinapur". Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  17. Evans, Christopher (2014). A Review of World Antiquarianism: Comparative Perspectives. Vol. 24. Getty Publications. p. 431. doi:10.5334/bha.2418. ISBN 978-1606061480. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  18. "Welcome to UP Tourism-Official Website of Department of Tourism, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India | Hastinapur". www.uptourism.gov.in. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  19. "HereNow4U.net :: Article Archive - The 151-Foot High Ashtapad Teerth in Hastinapur". HereNow4u: Portal on Jainism and next level consciousness. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  20. "Home". bhaktibharat.com. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  21. "WWW.JAINHERITAGECENTRES.COM > Jainism In India > Uttar Pradesh > Hastinapur > Kailash parvat Mandir". jainheritagecentres.com. January 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  22. "Home". jambudweep.org. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  23. "Yudhishthira had established the shivalinga". timesofindia.
  24. "Work on Mahabharat Circuit to start soon". The Hindu. 25 January 2006. Archived from the original on 23 March 2006. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  25. "Bhai Dharam Sing Gurdwara - Hastinapur - Bhai Dharam Sing Gurdwara Photos, Sightseeing - Native Planet". nativeplanet.com. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  26. "Official Website Of Uttar Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation Ltd". upstdc.co.in. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  27. "Hastinapur sanctuary". The Hindu. 9 December 2006. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  28. "Hastinapur Sanctuary". indiatravelfaq.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2015.

Further reading

External links

Populated places in Meerut district
Cities and towns
Villages
Mahabharata
Traditional author
and narrators
Books (parvas)
Tribes
Places
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