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| {{Short description|Fissure vent volcano in western Pakistan}} | |||
| {{Infobox mountain | {{Infobox mountain | ||
| | name = Tor Zawar | | name = Tor Zawar | ||
| | elevation_m = 2237 |
| elevation_m = 2237 | ||
| | location = |
| location = ] | ||
| | map = Pakistan Balochistan#Pakistan | |||
| ⚫ | | coordinates = {{ |
||
| | map_caption = Location of Tor Zawar in the Province of Balochistan##Location of Tor Zawar in Pakistan | |||
| | map_size = 300 | |||
| | label_position = right | |||
| ⚫ | | coordinates = {{Coord|30|28|45|N|67|28|30|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}} | ||
| | type = ]s | | type = ]s | ||
| | last_eruption = |
| last_eruption = January 2010 | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Tor Zawar''' is a ] ] in |
'''Tor Zawar''' is a disputed ] ] in western ] and the only recent volcano in Pakistan. Its first, and so far only, eruption occurred in January 2010. | ||
| == |
==Morphology== | ||
| Tor Zawar is a group of closely spaced fissure vents on a non-volcanic mountain in a tectonically active region between the Bibai and Gogai ]s (Global Volcanism Program) which is in the ] |
Tor Zawar is a group of closely spaced fissure vents on a non-volcanic mountain in a tectonically active region between the Bibai and Gogai ]s (Global Volcanism Program), which is in the ] region near the village of Wham. | ||
| ==2010 eruption== | ==2010 eruption== | ||
| An eruption in the region |
An eruption in the region on January 29, 2010 surprised volcanologists because no previous volcanic activity had ever taken place there before. A local scientist reported that fissures opened, then emitted gases for a little while before the eruption began. The eruption produced a small ] and a ] that only travelled 8.2 metres, and caused some minor damage. The lava is ] and ] ]. | ||
| The eruption was preceded by a 60 km deep earthquake on 27 January. The calculated source depth of the lava is consistent with an origin at this depth in the ].<ref name=Kerr>Kerr, A. C. and Khan M. McDonald I (2010) ''Eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Pakistan on 27 January 2010: geochemical and petrological constraints on petrogenesis,'' Mineral Mag, v. 74, pp. 1027-1036</ref> | The eruption was preceded by a 60 km deep earthquake on 27 January. The calculated source depth of the lava is consistent with an origin at this depth in the ].<ref name=Kerr>Kerr, A. C. and Khan M. McDonald I (2010) ''Eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Pakistan on 27 January 2010: geochemical and petrological constraints on petrogenesis,'' Mineral Mag, v. 74, pp. 1027-1036</ref> | ||
| == |
==Disputed status== | ||
| The origin of the lava is disputed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.volcanolive.com/torzawar.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171028000546/http://www.volcanolive.com/torzawar.html|archive-date = 2017-10-28|title = Tor Zawar Volcano | John Seach}}</ref> Kerr ''et al.'' (2010) interpreted the rocks as having formed from molten ] that had been created by ] in the ] followed by eruption from a volcanic fissure vent.<ref name="Kerr"/> Kassi ''et al.'' (2012) disputed a mantle origin for these rocks, instead suggesting that the magma source was near-surface sedimentary rock that had been melted close to electricity pylons that had been struck by ], in a process similar to the formation of ]s<ref>Kassi. A, M., Kasi, A. K., Tawab Khan, A. and Salam Khan, A. (2012) ''Comments on the eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Balochistan, Pakistan on 27 January 2010, with a discussion of the geochemical and petrological constraints on its petrogenesis'', Mineralogical Magazine, volume 76, 717-723</ref> (that are formed when lightning melts sand to produce natural glass). | |||
| A small eruption took place in January 2011 from another location, 300 M away from the origonal site | |||
| Initially, the ] ] included Tor Zawar in its database of volcanoes, citing the paper by Kerr ''et al.'' (2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0302-08- |title=Global Volcanism Program | Tor Zawar | Summary |website=volcano.si.edu |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131024031/http://volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0302-08- |archive-date=31 January 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{As of|2017|12}}, however, the Global Volcanism Program excludes Tor Zawar from its volcano database<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://volcano.si.edu/list_volcano_holocene.cfm|title = Global Volcanism Program | Holocene Volcano List}}</ref> and excludes the 2010 event from its eruption database.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://volcano.si.edu/search_eruption.cfm|title = Global Volcanism Program | Database Search}}</ref> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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| * | * | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:14, 10 March 2024
Fissure vent volcano in western Pakistan| Tor Zawar | |
|---|---|
  Tor ZawarLocation of Tor Zawar in the Province of BalochistanShow map of Balochistan, Pakistan Tor ZawarLocation of Tor Zawar in PakistanShow map of Pakistan
| |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,237 m (7,339 ft) |
| Coordinates | 30°28′45″N 67°28′30″E / 30.47917°N 67.47500°E / 30.47917; 67.47500 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Pakistan |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Fissure vents |
| Last eruption | January 2010 |
Tor Zawar is a disputed fissure vent volcano in western Pakistan and the only recent volcano in Pakistan. Its first, and so far only, eruption occurred in January 2010.
Morphology
Tor Zawar is a group of closely spaced fissure vents on a non-volcanic mountain in a tectonically active region between the Bibai and Gogai thrust faults (Global Volcanism Program), which is in the Ziarat region near the village of Wham.
2010 eruption
An eruption in the region on January 29, 2010 surprised volcanologists because no previous volcanic activity had ever taken place there before. A local scientist reported that fissures opened, then emitted gases for a little while before the eruption began. The eruption produced a small spatter cone and a lava flow that only travelled 8.2 metres, and caused some minor damage. The lava is trachybasalt and basaltic andesite.
The eruption was preceded by a 60 km deep earthquake on 27 January. The calculated source depth of the lava is consistent with an origin at this depth in the asthenosphere.
Disputed status
The origin of the lava is disputed. Kerr et al. (2010) interpreted the rocks as having formed from molten magma that had been created by partial melting in the mantle followed by eruption from a volcanic fissure vent. Kassi et al. (2012) disputed a mantle origin for these rocks, instead suggesting that the magma source was near-surface sedimentary rock that had been melted close to electricity pylons that had been struck by lightning, in a process similar to the formation of fulgurites (that are formed when lightning melts sand to produce natural glass).
Initially, the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program included Tor Zawar in its database of volcanoes, citing the paper by Kerr et al. (2010). As of December 2017, however, the Global Volcanism Program excludes Tor Zawar from its volcano database and excludes the 2010 event from its eruption database.
References
- ^ Kerr, A. C. and Khan M. McDonald I (2010) Eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Pakistan on 27 January 2010: geochemical and petrological constraints on petrogenesis, Mineral Mag, v. 74, pp. 1027-1036
- "Tor Zawar Volcano | John Seach". Archived from the original on 2017-10-28.
- Kassi. A, M., Kasi, A. K., Tawab Khan, A. and Salam Khan, A. (2012) Comments on the eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Balochistan, Pakistan on 27 January 2010, with a discussion of the geochemical and petrological constraints on its petrogenesis, Mineralogical Magazine, volume 76, 717-723
- "Global Volcanism Program | Tor Zawar | Summary". volcano.si.edu. Archived from the original on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
- "Global Volcanism Program | Holocene Volcano List".
- "Global Volcanism Program | Database Search".