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{{short description|Japanese polearm}}
⚫ {{Refimprove|date=January 2012}}
{{Italic title|reason=]}}
⚫ ], in the middle ] and on the right sasumata]]
⚫ {{More citations needed|date=January 2012}}
⚫ The {{nihongo|'''sasumata'''|刺股}} (spear fork) is a pole weapon used by the ] class and their retainers in feudal Japan.
⚫ ], a ], and a sasumata]]
⚫ The {{nihongo|'''''sasumata'''''|刺股||spear fork}} is a ] used by the ] class and their retainers in ].


==Description and use== ==Description and use==
Although some sources place the origin of the sasumata in the ] period, most sources discuss its use in the ]. In Edo period Japan the samurai were in charge of police operations, various levels of samurai police with help from non-samurai commoners used many types of non-lethal weapons to capture suspected criminals for trial. Although some sources place the origin of the sasumata in the ] period, most sources discuss its use in the ]. In Edo period Japan the samurai were in charge of police operations.


The '']'' (spear fork) together with the '']'' (push pole) and the '']'' (sleeve entangler) comprised the '']'' (three tools/implements of arresting) used by samurai police and security forces.<ref></ref> Samurai police in the Edo period used the sasumata along with the sodegarami and tsukubō to restrain and arrest suspected criminals uninjured. The head of the sasumata would be used to catch around the neck, arms, legs, or joints of a suspect and detain him until officers could close in and apprehend him (using '']''). The sasumata had a long hardwood pole usually around two meters in length with sharp barbs or spines attached to metal strips on one end of the pole to keep the person being captured from grabbing the pole. The opposite end of the sasumata pole would often have a metal cap, or ''ishizuki'' like those found on ] and other pole weapons.<ref></ref> The ''sasumata'' (spear fork) together with the '']'' (push pole) and the '']'' (sleeve entangler) comprised the '']'' (three tools/implements of arresting) used by samurai police and security forces.<ref>, Don Cunningham, Tuttle Publishing, Apr 15, 2004 p. 96</ref> Samurai police in the Edo period used the sasumata along with the sodegarami and tsukubō to restrain and arrest suspected criminals uninjured. The head of the sasumata would be used to catch around the neck, arms, legs, or joints of a suspect and detain them until officers could close in and apprehend them (using '']''). The sasumata had a long hardwood pole usually around {{convert|2|m|abbr=on}} in length with sharp barbs or spines attached to metal strips on one end of the pole to keep the person being captured from grabbing the pole. The opposite end of the sasumata pole would often have a metal cap, or ''ishizuki'' like those found on ] and other polearms.<ref>, Don Cunningham, Tuttle Martial Arts, Tuttle Publishing, 2004 {{ISBN|978-0-8048-3536-7}} pp. 93–100</ref>

⚫ Today, a modern version of the sasumata is still occasionally used by the police and as a self-defense tool. These modern sasumata are often made of aluminum, without the sharpened blades and spikes found on their medieval counterparts, they have been marketed to schools due to a growing fear of classroom invasions. A reported rise in school invasions has prompted some schools in Japan to keep sasumata available as a method for teachers to protect themselves or students and detain a potential threat until the authorities can arrive.<ref>'']'' 2004.</ref>


===Firefighting=== ===Firefighting===
There was also firefighting versions of the instrument known as a ''chokyakusan'', ''rinkaku'', ''tetsubashira'', or ''tokikama''. A similar weapon in China was known as a ''chang jiao qian'', and sometimes called a ''cha gan'' or ''huo cha'' (fire fork), which had a similar firefighting role. The sasumata type implements were used by firefighters to help dismantle burning buildings, raise ladders, and otherwise assist with their duties. There were also firefighting versions of the instrument known as a ''chokyakusan'', ''rinkaku'', ''tetsubashira'', or ''tokikama''. A similar weapon in China{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} was known as a ''chang jiao qian'', and sometimes called a ''cha gan'' or ''huo cha'' (fire fork), which had a similar firefighting role.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} The sasumata type implements were used by firefighters to help dismantle burning buildings, raise ladders, and otherwise assist with their duties.


==See also== ===Modern use===
⚫ Today, a modern version of the sasumata is still occasionally used by the police and as a self-defense tool. These modern sasumata are often made of aluminum, without the sharpened blades and spikes found on their medieval counterparts. They have been marketed to schools due to a growing fear of classroom invasions, which has prompted many schools in Japan to keep sasumata available for teachers to protect themselves and students and to detain a potential threat until the authorities can arrive.<ref>'']'' 2004.</ref> The introduction of sasumata to schools came to be popular after the ] in 2001.<ref>{{cite news |last1=瀬戸口和秀 |last2=森嶋俊晴 |title=付属池田小事件20年 受け継がれる五つの悔いと教訓 |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASP650F44P5DPTIL00R.html |access-date=31 May 2022 |work=Asahi Shimbun （朝日新聞） |date=2021-06-07}}</ref>
⚫ * ]

⚫ * ]
In November 2023, an employee of a jewellery store in Tokyo used a ''sasumata'' to drive off three robbers wearing motorcycle helmets, attracting nationwide interest and increased sales of the weapon.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/30/sasumata-samurai-sword-robbery-attempt-japan-sales-rise |title=Foiled robbery attempt sees demand for ancient samurai weapon soar in Japan |first=Justin |last=McCurry |newspaper=] |date=30 November 2023}}</ref>
⚫ * ]
⚫ * ]


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Sasumata.JPG| Edo period Japanese (samurai) sasumata, used by samurai police and security officials to help capture armed suspects and for crowd control. File:Sasumata.JPG| Edo period sasumata, used to capture criminal suspects and for crowd control
File:Sasumata1.JPG| Edo period Japanese (samurai) sasumata, used by samurai police and security officials to help capture armed suspects and for crowd control. File:Sasumata1.JPG| Edo period sasumata, used to capture criminal suspects and for crowd control
File:Japanese_non-lethal_police_weapon.jpg| A modern sasumata File:Japanese_non-lethal_police_weapon.jpg| A modern sasumata
</gallery> </gallery>


==References== ==See also==
⚫ * ]
* ]
⚫ * ]
⚫ * ]
⚫ * ]

== Citations ==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


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==External links== ==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Sasumata}}
⚫ {{commonscat|Samurai pole weapons}}


{{Japanese (samurai) weapons, armour and equipment}} {{Japanese (samurai) weapons, armour and equipment}}
{{Polearms}}
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Latest revision as of 12:30, 8 December 2024

Japanese polearm

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Sasumata" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Weapons for capturing suspected criminals, from left to right: a tsukubō, a sodegarami, and a sasumata

The sasumata (刺股, spear fork) is a polearm used by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan.

Description and use

Although some sources place the origin of the sasumata in the Muromachi period, most sources discuss its use in the Edo period. In Edo period Japan the samurai were in charge of police operations.

The sasumata (spear fork) together with the tsukubō (push pole) and the sodegarami (sleeve entangler) comprised the torimono sandōgu (three tools/implements of arresting) used by samurai police and security forces. Samurai police in the Edo period used the sasumata along with the sodegarami and tsukubō to restrain and arrest suspected criminals uninjured. The head of the sasumata would be used to catch around the neck, arms, legs, or joints of a suspect and detain them until officers could close in and apprehend them (using hojōjutsu). The sasumata had a long hardwood pole usually around 2 m (6 ft 7 in) in length with sharp barbs or spines attached to metal strips on one end of the pole to keep the person being captured from grabbing the pole. The opposite end of the sasumata pole would often have a metal cap, or ishizuki like those found on naginata and other polearms.

Firefighting

There were also firefighting versions of the instrument known as a chokyakusan, rinkaku, tetsubashira, or tokikama. A similar weapon in China was known as a chang jiao qian, and sometimes called a cha gan or huo cha (fire fork), which had a similar firefighting role. The sasumata type implements were used by firefighters to help dismantle burning buildings, raise ladders, and otherwise assist with their duties.

Modern use

Today, a modern version of the sasumata is still occasionally used by the police and as a self-defense tool. These modern sasumata are often made of aluminum, without the sharpened blades and spikes found on their medieval counterparts. They have been marketed to schools due to a growing fear of classroom invasions, which has prompted many schools in Japan to keep sasumata available for teachers to protect themselves and students and to detain a potential threat until the authorities can arrive. The introduction of sasumata to schools came to be popular after the Ikeda school massacre in 2001.

In November 2023, an employee of a jewellery store in Tokyo used a sasumata to drive off three robbers wearing motorcycle helmets, attracting nationwide interest and increased sales of the weapon.

Gallery

  • Edo period sasumata, used to capture criminal suspects and for crowd control Edo period sasumata, used to capture criminal suspects and for crowd control
  • Edo period sasumata, used to capture criminal suspects and for crowd control Edo period sasumata, used to capture criminal suspects and for crowd control
  • A modern sasumata A modern sasumata

See also

Citations

  1. Taiho-jutsu: law and order in the age of the samurai, Don Cunningham, Tuttle Publishing, Apr 15, 2004 p. 96
  2. Taiho-jutsu: law and order in the age of the samurai, Don Cunningham, Tuttle Martial Arts, Tuttle Publishing, 2004 ISBN 978-0-8048-3536-7 pp. 93–100
  3. Mainichi Shinbun 2004.
  4. 瀬戸口和秀; 森嶋俊晴 (2021-06-07). "付属池田小事件20年 受け継がれる五つの悔いと教訓". Asahi Shimbun （朝日新聞）. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  5. McCurry, Justin (30 November 2023). "Foiled robbery attempt sees demand for ancient samurai weapon soar in Japan". The Guardian.

Sources

  • Cunningham, Don. Taiho-jutsu:Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai. Boston; Rutland, Vermont; Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2004.
  • 神之田常盛. 剣術神道霞流. 萩原印刷株式会社, 2003.
  • Mol, Serge. Classic Weaponry of Japan: Special Weapons and Tactics of the Martial Arts. Tokyo; New York; London: Kodansha International, 2003.

External links

  • Media related to Sasumata at Wikimedia Commons
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