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{{Short description|Literature in the Saraiki language of Pakistani Punjab}}
{{Multiple issues|POV =April 2010|peacock =April 2010|original research =April 2010}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2024}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
'''Saraiki literature''' is the literature of the ], which is mostly spoken in central ]. The main Saraiki-speaking areas are Multan, Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ismail Khan, Mianwali and Bhakkar. Saraiki is also spoken widely in the Sindh and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. Before the formation of Pakistan, Saraiki was written in ] by Hindus while Muslims always used ].Saraiki medium ] for Health , Engineering, Sciences & Arts is suggested, proposed and demanded due to the importance of this language.Saraiki is an official language of Saraiki daily newspaper Jhoke. It is also official language of Saraiki Parties such as Saraiki Qaumi Movement, Saraiki Qaumi Ittehad, Pakistan Saraiki Party
{{More citations needed|date=October 2024}}
'''Saraiki literature''' refers to works written in ], an ] predominantly spoken in the southern regions of ]. Written in the Arabic script, similar to ] and ], Saraiki is spoken by millions across districts such as ], ], and ].


More than just a language, Saraiki is often regarded as a ], with its speakers advocating for greater recognition of both the language and its literature within Pakistan's multilingual society. Saraiki boasts a rich heritage of poetry, folk music, and oral storytelling traditions.
Since the start of consciousness-raising efforts about common ethnic language in the 1960s, the number of Saraiki publications has increased. Most of the writings from the 1960s to the 1980s were political in nature and are coloured by the ethnopolitical aims of the writers. Even though the number of publications has increased in the last and present decade, the Saraiki intellectuals themselves admit that there is not much readership, except perhaps for the works of some renowned contemporary poets, especially of the revolutionary poet Shakir Shujaabadi. Although writings in all the regional languages are suffering from lack of readership for similar reasons, in the case of Saraiki there are two additional reasons. Firstly, most of the writers bring in colloquial phraseology (which varies from one variety to the other) in their writings and secondly, many writers, in their zeal to prove the antiquity of Saraiki language and to promote its Indo-Aryan feature, tend to use more Sanskrit words instead of the more common Arabic-Persian words in order to distinguish it from Punjabi and Urdu, thus blocking the understanding of their general readers.


==Overview==
==Folk literature and tales==
]]]
There many folk tales associated with ] and his minister Gaaman Sachar, which is a legendary character in Saraiki folk tales.
The language, partly codified during the ], derived its emotional attraction from the poetry of the ] saint, ], who has become an identity symbol.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaffrelot |first=Christophe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gQDzCQAAQBAJ&dq=saraiki+ghulam+farid&pg=PT177 |title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability And Resilience |date=2016-06-16 |publisher=Random House India |isbn=978-81-8400-707-7 |pages=187 |language=en}}</ref> His poems, known as ] are still famous.
{{poemquote|text=The beloved's intense glances call for blood
The dark hair wildly flows The Kohl of the eyes is fiercely black
And slays the lovers with no excuse
My appearance in ruins, I sit and wait
While the beloved has settled in Malheer I feel the sting of the cruel dart
My heart the, abode of pain and grief A life of tears, I have led Farid|source=one of Khwaja Ghulam Farid's poems (translated)}}
Shakir Shujabadi (''Kalam-e-Shakir'', ''Khuda Janey'', ''Shakir Diyan Ghazlan'', ''Peelay Patr'', ''Munafqan Tu Khuda Bachaway'', and ''Shakir De Dohray'' are his famous books) is a very well recognized modern poet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakir Shujabadi |url=http://www.wasaib.com/shakir-shujabadi/}}</ref>


]
==Poetry==
Some of the prominent Sindhi and ] poets have also done poetry in Saraiki. ]'s (1628–1691) poetry is one of the examples of the junction of Saraiki and Punjabi.


===Early poetry=== == In academia ==
The Department of Saraiki, ], ] was established in 1989<ref name="iub.edu.pk">{{cite web |title=The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan - Department |url=http://www.iub.edu.pk/department.php?id=26 |work=iub.edu.pk}}</ref> and the Department of Saraiki, ], Multan<ref name="bzu.edu.pk">{{cite web |title=Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan |url=http://www.bzu.edu.pk/departmentindex.php?id=33 |work=bzu.edu.pk}}</ref> was established in 2006. Saraiki is taught as a subject in schools and colleges at higher secondary, intermediate and degree level. The ] in Islamabad,<ref name="aiou.edu.pk">{{cite web |title=Department Detail |url=http://www.aiou.edu.pk/DeptDetail.asp?DeptID=47 |work=aiou.edu.pk}}</ref> and the Al-Khair University in Bhimbir have Pakistani Linguistics Departments offering ]. and ] in Saraiki.
There are very rare written poems available from the early history in Saraiki. The research is going on about the early Saraiki poetry.


The Associated Press of Pakistan have also launched a Saraiki version of the news site.<ref>{{cite web |title=Associated Press Of Pakistan ( Pakistan's Premier NEWS Agency ) - Saraiki |url=https://saraiki.app.com.pk/saraiki/ |work=app.com.pk |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
===18th century===
* ] (1739–1829)


== Writing system ==
===19th century===
{{Arabic-script sidebar|Saraiki}}In the province of Punjab, Saraiki is written using the ]-derived ] with the addition of seven ] modified letters to represent the implosives and the extra nasals.{{sfn|Shackle|2003|pp=598–99}}{{efn|The practice is traced back to Juke's 1900 dictionary. The modern standard was agreed upon in 1979 {{harv|Wagha|1997|pp=240–41}}.}} In ] the ] is used.{{sfn|Shackle|2014}} The calligraphic styles used are ] and ].{{sfn|Lewis|Simons|Fennig|2016}}
* ] ( 1814–1873), known as Bedil Sindhi, has also written in Saraiki (''Dewan-i-Bedil'')
* ] (1845–1901), his famous collection is ''Deewan-e-Farid''. His poems, known as ], are still famous.


Historically, traders or bookkeepers wrote in a script known as ''kiṛakkī'' or ], although use of this script has been significantly reduced in recent times.{{sfn|Shackle|2003|p=594}}{{sfn|Wagha|1997|pp=239–40}} Likewise, a script related to the ] family, known as ], was previously used to write Saraiki. A preliminary proposal to encode the Multani script in ISO/IEC 10646 was submitted in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Multani Script in ISO/IEC 10646 |url=http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4027.pdf}}</ref>
===20th century===
*] (''Kalam-e-Shakir, Khuda Janey, Shakir Diyan Ghazlan, Peelay Patr, Munafqan Tu Khuda Bachaway, Shakir De Dohray'' are his famous books) is very well recognized modern poet.<ref>http://www.wasaib.com/shakir-shujabadi/</ref>
* Ejaz Dervi
*Hamal Leghari (''Dewan-i- Hamal'')
*Lutf Ali (''Saifal Nama'')
*Rasheed Khan Qaisrani
*Khurum Bahawalpuri (''Khiaban-i-Kurum'')
*Safeer Leshari (''Vepray'')
*Mumtaz Haider Daher (''Andharay-de- raat'' and ''Kashkool vich samandar'')
*Ashoo Lal (''Chhero hath nah murli'')
*Iqbal Sokri (''Kalay Roh, Chitti Baraf'')
*Bashir Ghamkhawr
*Mustafa Khadim
*Refat Abbas (''Parchhian ute Phul'' and ''Sangat Ved'')
*Nasrullah Khan Nasir (''Ajrak'' and ''Aoey Hoey'')
*Qais Faridi (''Nemro'')
*Aman-ullah Arshad
*Naseer Sarmad (''Sojhla'')
*Saeed Akhtar Sial
*Bakht Fakir of Ahmad pur Lamma
*Ahamad Khan Tariq
*Hazrat Pir Mitha
*Ashaq Buzdar
*Haji Qadir Gurmani
*Nazir Leghari
*Safeer Lashari
*Fayyaz Baqir
*Mustafa Khadim
*Mohsin Naqvi
*Folk or Lok Gawan
*Nawab Wali Laghari
*Ghulam Hussan Taa-ib
*Janbaz Jatoi
*Nasrullah Khan Nasir
*Shamim Aarif Qureshi
*Yaasin Phhirwani
*Jahangir Mukhlis
*Tasleem Feroz
*Zubair Ahmad
*Tahir Shirazi
*Sadiq Junaid Hoat
*Saeed Sanwal
*Ahmad Aqeel
*Irshad Taunsvi
*Ahsan Wagha
*Suleman Sahoo
*Aziz Shahid
*Sajjad Bari
*Ahmad Khan Tariq
*Naseer Sarmad
*Abdul Latif Bhatti
*Riffat Abbas
*Shakir Shujabadi
*Iqbal Sokri
*Ashoo Lal


==Prose== ==Notable people==
*]
{{Example farm|date=April 2010}}
*]


*] (1930-2007), novelist and fiction writer, author of '']'', ''Peet de Pandh'' and ''Chhulian''
===Novelists===
* ] (1930-2007) is probably the most celebrated novelist and fiction writer in modern Saraiki literature. Ahmedani has done much to promote the Saraiki language as a language for modern fiction writing. He was awarded Khwaja Ghulam Farid award by the government of Pakistan on Chholian. Ismail Ahmedani died at Karachi on 6 June 2007 and buried in his home village of Rasoolpur.


===Fiction authors===
*] (1930-2007), novelist and fiction writer, author of ''Amar Kahani'', ''Peet de Pandh'' and ''Chhulian''
*], fiction writer, author of ''Aj de Marvi''
*], fiction writer, author of ''Uchi Dharti Jhika Asman''
*], fiction writer
*], fiction writer and novelist, author of novels ''Nazoo'' and ''Pahaj''
*], fiction writer, author of ''Thal Karen Darya'' and ''Aadi Was''
*], fiction writer, author of ''Veendi Rut De Sham''
*], fiction writer
*], fiction writer

===Linguists===
*] (1915-1995), author of ''Multani Zaban Ka Urdu Se Taaluq'' *] (1915-1995), author of ''Multani Zaban Ka Urdu Se Taaluq''
*], a researcher on Saraiki language
*], author of ''Saraiki Lughat'' and ''Saraiki Zaban Ka Irtaqa''
*], author of ''Saraiki Lisaniat''
*], M.Phil thesis ''The Saraiki Language: Its Growth and Development''
*], author of ''Saraiki Dian Khas Awazan Di Kahani'', ''Saraiki Muhawaray'', ''Saraiki Masadir'', ''Saraiki Parhoon Te Saraiki Lekhoon'' and others

===Critics===
* Ejaz Dervi
*], writer of the collection of articles ''Wewaray''
*, Head of the SAraiki Department in The islamia University of Bahawalpur(Pakistan). He is the first Ph.d in Saraiki literature from the Saraiki Department. Author/editor of eight books on Saraiki literature. writer of valuable critical work on ]. His major works are Divan-i-Farid (1998), Khwaja Farid (1999), Allah Mailay Wal Sang Yaara (2003), Maqalaat (2003), Armughan-i-Khwaja Farid (2003), Saraiki Zaban Adab Aur Mua'shra (2007), Savail I & II (1995 & 1997). Having many valuable research articles on his credit. Edited the oldest qurterly journal "Saraiki" since 1999. Headed the oldest Saraiki literary organization "Saraiki Adbi Majlis(Regd.), Bahawalpur" Since 1999. The First Gold Medalist in M.A. Saraiki and the first regular teacher of the Saraiki language & Literature in any University of Pakistan. He is still teaching in the University.<ref>http://iub.edu.pk/teacher.php?dept_id=26&teacher_id=563</ref>

===Dramatists===
*]
*]


== See also == == See also ==
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ], a researcher on Saraiki language



== Notes ==
{{notelist|30em}}
==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite web|title = Saraiki| url = https://www.ethnologue.com/19/language/skr| editor-last1 = Lewis| editor-first1 = M. Paul| editor-last2 = Simons| editor-first2 = Gary F.| editor-last3 = Fennig| editor-first3 = Charles D. | website = ]| year = 2016| edition = 19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190425102808/http://www.ethnologue.com/19/language/skr/| archive-date = 25 April 2019| url-access = subscription}}
*{{Cite book| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| date = 2003| title = The Indo-Aryan languages| chapter = Panjabi| editor-last1 = Cardona| editor-first1 = George| editor-last2 = Jain| editor-first2 = Dhanesh| location = London| publisher = Routledge| series = Routledge language family series. Y| isbn = 978-0-7007-1130-7| pages = 581–621}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| author-mask = 2| date = 2014| title = Siraiki language| encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica| access-date = 2016-10-18| url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Siraiki-language}}
*{{cite thesis |last= Wagha|first= Muhammad Ahsan|date= 1997|title= The development of Siraiki language in Pakistan|type= Ph.D.|publisher= School of Oriental and African Studies|url= http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267685| url-access = registration}}
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite thesis| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| title = Siraiki and Siraiki literature, c.1750-1900, in Upper Sind and South-West Panjab| degree =Ph.D.| publisher = School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London)| date = 1972| url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390232}} (requires registration).


==External links== ==External links==
* *
*http://www.seraikigeet.com * http://www.seraikigeet.com
*

{{Pakistani literature}} {{Pakistani literature}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Saraiki Literature}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saraiki Literature}}
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Latest revision as of 17:27, 7 January 2025

Literature in the Saraiki language of Pakistani Punjab

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Saraiki literature refers to works written in Saraiki, an Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken in the southern regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Written in the Arabic script, similar to Urdu and Punjabi, Saraiki is spoken by millions across districts such as Multan, Bahawalpur, and Dera Ghazi Khan.

More than just a language, Saraiki is often regarded as a cultural identity, with its speakers advocating for greater recognition of both the language and its literature within Pakistan's multilingual society. Saraiki boasts a rich heritage of poetry, folk music, and oral storytelling traditions.

Overview

Tomb of Sufi poet Khwaja Ghulam Farid

The language, partly codified during the British Raj, derived its emotional attraction from the poetry of the Sufi saint, Khawaja Ghulam Farid, who has become an identity symbol. His poems, known as Kafi are still famous.

The beloved's intense glances call for blood
The dark hair wildly flows The Kohl of the eyes is fiercely black
And slays the lovers with no excuse
My appearance in ruins, I sit and wait
While the beloved has settled in Malheer I feel the sting of the cruel dart
My heart the, abode of pain and grief A life of tears, I have led Farid

— one of Khwaja Ghulam Farid's poems (translated)

Shakir Shujabadi (Kalam-e-Shakir, Khuda Janey, Shakir Diyan Ghazlan, Peelay Patr, Munafqan Tu Khuda Bachaway, and Shakir De Dohray are his famous books) is a very well recognized modern poet.

Dr. Ashu Lal, A Saraiki poet and intellectual

In academia

The Department of Saraiki, Islamia University, Bahawalpur was established in 1989 and the Department of Saraiki, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan was established in 2006. Saraiki is taught as a subject in schools and colleges at higher secondary, intermediate and degree level. The Allama Iqbal Open University in Islamabad, and the Al-Khair University in Bhimbir have Pakistani Linguistics Departments offering M.Phil. and Ph.D in Saraiki.

The Associated Press of Pakistan have also launched a Saraiki version of the news site.

Writing system

Saraiki alphabet
آ ا ب ٻ پ ت ٹ ث ج ڄ چ ح خ د ڈ ݙ ذ ر ڑ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ڳ ل م ن (ں) ݨ و ہ ھ ی ے
Extended Perso-Arabic script

In the province of Punjab, Saraiki is written using the Arabic-derived Urdu alphabet with the addition of seven diacritically modified letters to represent the implosives and the extra nasals. In Sindh the Sindhi alphabet is used. The calligraphic styles used are Naskh and Nastaʿlīq.

Historically, traders or bookkeepers wrote in a script known as kiṛakkī or laṇḍā, although use of this script has been significantly reduced in recent times. Likewise, a script related to the Landa scripts family, known as Multani, was previously used to write Saraiki. A preliminary proposal to encode the Multani script in ISO/IEC 10646 was submitted in 2011.

Notable people

See also


Notes

  1. The practice is traced back to Juke's 1900 dictionary. The modern standard was agreed upon in 1979 (Wagha 1997, pp. 240–41).

References

  1. Jaffrelot, Christophe (16 June 2016). The Pakistan Paradox: Instability And Resilience. Random House India. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-8400-707-7.
  2. "Shakir Shujabadi".
  3. "The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan - Department". iub.edu.pk.
  4. "Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan". bzu.edu.pk.
  5. "Department Detail". aiou.edu.pk.
  6. "Associated Press Of Pakistan ( Pakistan's Premier NEWS Agency ) - Saraiki". app.com.pk.
  7. Shackle 2003, pp. 598–99.
  8. Shackle 2014.
  9. Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016.
  10. Shackle 2003, p. 594.
  11. Wagha 1997, pp. 239–40.
  12. "Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Multani Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF).

Sources

Further reading

External links

Literature of Pakistan
By language
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