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{{Short description|French academic}}
⚫ '''Pierre Goldman''', (], June 22, 1944 – September 20, 1979 in ]) was a ] ] who was convicted of several robberies and mysteriously assassinated. It has been suspected that the '']'' (GAL) ] was involved in his murder. His half-brother ] is a popular French singer.
{{more citations needed|date=March 2013}}
]
⚫ '''Pierre Goldman''' ({{IPA|fr|pjɛʁ ɡɔldman|lang}}; ], 22 June 1944 – ], 20 September 1979) was a ] ] who was convicted of several robberies and mysteriously assassinated. It has been suspected that the Spanish ] ] were involved in his murder. His half-brother ] is a popular French singer.


== Biography == == Biography ==
Pierre Goldman was born near the end of ], the illegitimate son of ] and Janine Sochaczewska, who were active in the ] ] movement.<ref></ref><ref name=Prazan> Michaël Prazan, ''L'assassinat de Pierre Goldman'' (2005) - film documentary </ref> After the liberation of France, his parents separated, and his father, in concert with a group of former FTP-MOI members, kidnapped him. Thereafter, he had only sporadic contacts with his mother, who returned to ]. On one of his visits to Poland, young Goldman visited the ].<ref name=Prazan/> Pierre Goldman was born in France near the end of ], the son of Polish Jews ] and Janine Sochaczewska, who were active in the ] ] movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.parler-de-sa-vie.net/pierre/biographie.html&ei=md3sTqbqN6b40gHc25HFCQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEIQ7gEwBA&prev=/search%3Fq%3DPierre%2BGoldman%2Bjuif%2Balter%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dopera%26rls%3Den%26channel%3Dsuggest%26biw%3D573%26bih%3D586%26prmd%3Dimvnso|title = Qui était Pierre Goldman ?}}</ref><ref name=Prazan>Michaël Prazan, ''L'assassinat de Pierre Goldman'' (2005) - film documentary</ref> After the liberation of France, his parents separated, and his father, in concert with a group of former FTP-MOI members, kidnapped him. At the time, Alter said that he took Pierre so that he would not grow up in the country, ], that had seen the elimination of so many Jews, to which Pierre's mother was returning. Thereafter, he had only sporadic contact with his mother.<ref name=Prazan/>


Having been expelled from various high schools and boarding schools, he nonetheless obtained his '']'' and pursued, as an independent auditor, courses at the ]. In 1963, he joined the ] (''Union des Etudiants Communistes'').<ref name=Prazan/> In 1966, he refused to do his compulsory ], and travelled instead to ], where he heard ] speak at the ] in January 1966.<ref name=Prazan/> Still in ] for the funerary eve after ]'s death, he met, through the intermediary, ],<ref name=Prazan/> a number of Venezuelan guerrilleros. Though he was expelled from various high schools and boarding schools, Goldman obtained his ] and pursued courses at the ] as an independent auditor. He joined the ] in 1963.<ref name=Prazan/> In 1966, he refused to do his compulsory ], and travelled to ] instead, where he heard ] speak at the ] in January 1966.<ref name=Prazan/> Still in ] for the funerary events after ]'s death, he met a number of Venezuelan ''guerrilleros''. through intermediary ].<ref name=Prazan/>


Returning to Paris, he remained distant towards ] activism. In June 1968, he returned to Venezuela, and spent a year there in ] activities. On June 11, 1969, After the attack of an arms depot, his group withdrew in the ''sierra'', and then lost all support from Cuba who had rallied to the Venezuelan government's side. Goldman's then robbed the ] in ] on June 11, 1969, taking 2.6 million ] (the biggest hold-up of that year<ref name=Prazan/>), a robbery later claimed by the FALN guerrilla <ref name=Prazan/>. Of his comrades, only Goldman was not identified, and he fled afterwards to Paris, in September 1969.<ref name=Prazan/> Returning to Paris, he stayed aloof from ] activism. In June 1968 he returned to Venezuela and spent a year there in ] activities. On 11 June 1969, after their attack on an arms depot, his group withdrew into the ''sierra'', and then lost all support from Cuba which rallied to the Venezuelan government's side. Goldman then robbed the ] in ] on 11 June 1969, taking 2.6 million ] (the biggest hold-up of that year),<ref name=Prazan/> a robbery later claimed by the ].<ref name=Prazan/> Of his comrades, only Goldman was not identified, fleeing in September to Paris.<ref name=Prazan/>


Having quickly spent his remaining money, he staged several robberies of small businesses, in December 1969 and January 1970. During this period, he reportedly considered kidnapping the writer ], whom he profoundly disliked.<ref name=Prazan/> In 1974, he was given a life-sentence by the Paris ], after being convicted of a bloody robbery on December 19, 1969, on the ] near ] in Paris, in which two pharmacists were killed. He denied having committed this robbery, although he admitted to three earlier robberies.<ref name=Prazan/> He was condemned to 12 years in prison for the other three robberies and given a ] for the December 1969 assassination.<ref name=Prazan/> Having soon spent his remaining money, he staged several robberies of small businesses in December 1969 and January 1970. During this period, he reportedly considered kidnapping writer ], whom he disliked profoundly.<ref name=Prazan/> In 1974, he was given a life-sentence by the Paris ] after being convicted of a bloody robbery on 19 December 1969 on the ], in which two pharmacists were killed. He denied having committed the robbery, although he admitted having conducted three earlier robberies.<ref name=Prazan/> He was sentenced to 12 years in prison for the other three robberies and given a ] for the December 1969 murders.<ref name=Prazan/>


During the five years he spent in prison, he studied philosophy and Spanish, and wrote a book on his own case, ''Souvenirs obscurs d'un juif polonais né en France'' (Obscure Memories of a Polish Jew Born in France), published in 1975. The impact of the book on some French intellectuals and personalities, including the actress ], the writer ], ] and Régis Debray, etc.,<ref name=Prazan/> plus many inconsistencies recorded during the investigation led to a second trial, which started on April 26, 1976. He was finally acquitted for good and freed in October 1976.<ref name=Prazan/> Afterward, he contributed to left-wing newspapers, joining the '']'' and '']''.<ref name=Prazan/> During the five years he spent in prison, he studied philosophy and Spanish, and wrote a book on his own case, ''Souvenirs obscurs d'un juif polonais né en France'' (''Obscure Memories of a Polish Jew Born in France''), published in 1975. The impact of the book on some French intellectuals and personalities, including the actress ], the writer ], ] and ], among others,<ref name=Prazan/> plus many inconsistencies recorded during the investigation led to a second trial, which started on 26 April 1976. He was acquitted and freed in October 1976.<ref name=Prazan/> Afterward, he contributed to left-wing newspapers, joining the '']'' and '']''.<ref name=Prazan/>


== Assassination ==
== September 20, 1979 assassination ==
On September 20, 1979, he was assassinated at point-blank range in Paris. Eye-witnesses described three Spanish-looking persons. The police first suspected the ], however the murder was revendicated to the ] news agency in the name of an unknown ] group, ''Honneur de la police'' (Honour of the Police). Pierre Goldman's funeral was followed by 15,000 persons. A few hours after his death, his wife Christiane gave birth to a son, Manuel. On 20 September 1979, Goldman was assassinated by being shot at point-blank range in Paris. Eyewitnesses described seeing three Spanish-looking persons. The police first suspected ]; however, the murder was claimed by (according to ]) an unknown ] group: ''Honneur de la police'' (Honour of the Police). Goldman's funeral was attended by 15,000 people. A few hours after his death, his wife Christiane gave birth to a son, Manuel.


The perpetrators of Pierre Goldman's murder have not been found. Various theories exist. The most serious one points to ]' criminal underground, which would have assassinated him on behalf of the ] (''Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación''), a ] set up by Spanish officials to fight ] in the 1980s. Pierre Goldman allegedly was helping ETA get weapons and planned to create an organization to fight the GAL. On the other side, ] magazine points out toward the French secret services &mdash; while the former police officer ], in charge of the ] Department, also pointed out to the presence of a ] officer. The perpetrators of Goldman's murder have not been found. Various theories persist, the most serious pointing to ]' criminal underground, which might have assassinated him on behalf of the mercenary organization ], a ] set up by Spanish officials to fight ] in the 1980s. Goldman was allegedly helping the ETA to procure weapons and planned to create an organization to fight the GAL.{{Citation needed|date=October 2023}} Another theory shared by ] points toward the ] &mdash; supported by the fact that former police officer ], in charge of the ] department{{where|date=March 2013}}, noted the presence of a ] officer at the scene.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}


In April 2006, '']'' published an interview of former police officer ], who stated that one of his informants, ], had admitted, a few years later, having killed Goldman on behalf of the GAL: {{cquote|Marseille boys members of GAL killed him with Maïone, who also talked about a commandant, former member of the ] , without revealing me his identity.<ref> "'' 'Mon indic a flingué Pierre Goldman', entretien avec Lucien Aimé-Blanc''" in '']'', April 20, 2006 {{fr icon}} </ref>}} In April 2006, '']'' published an interview of said former police officer, who stated that one of his informants, ], had admitted a few years later to having killed Goldman on behalf of the GAL:{{cquote|Marseille boys members of GAL killed him with Maïone, who also talked about a commandant, former member of the ] , without revealing me his identity.<ref>"'' 'Mon indic a flingué Pierre Goldman', entretien avec Lucien Aimé-Blanc''" in '']'', 20 April 2006 {{in lang|fr}}</ref>}}


On 22 May 2012, a blog post from ] identified the killer of Pierre Goldman as René Resciniti de Says. A former paratrooper for the ], Resciniti de Says was known as ''René l'élégant'' and died on 17 April 2012 at the age of 61. Goldman's assassin had previously been identified under the pseudonym “Gustavo” by documentarian Michel Despratx in 2010. Extreme right journalist Emmanuel Ratier, in the bimonthly newsletter '']'', claims the true identity of “Gustavo” to have been René Resciniti de Says. The blog post alleges that René Resciniti de Says was an associate of French monarchist group ], as well as being one of ]'s mercenaries.
== Identity of the Assassin ==

On 22nd May, 2012, blog post from lemonde.fr identified the killer of Pierre Goldman as René Resciniti de Says. A former paratrooper for the French Armed Forces, Resciniti de Says was known as "René l'élégant," and is reported to have died last April 17th at the age of 61. Goldman's assassin had previously been identified under the pseudonym "Gustavo" by documentarian Michel Despratx in 2010. Journalist of the extreme right Emmanuel Ratier, in the bimonthly newsletter ''Faits et Documents'', claims the true identity of "Gustavo" to have been René Resciniti de Says. The blog post alleges that René Resciniti de Says was an associate of French monarchist group Action Française as well as being one of Bob Denard's mercenaries. "Gustavo," in the 2010 Michel Despratx documentary which was broadcast by Canal+, claimed to have assassinated Goldman as part of a four-person commando squad which included an inspector of the ''Direction de la surveillance du territoire'' (DST) and a police officer of the ''Direction centrale des renseignements généraux'' (RG). Nevertheless, as pointed out by the blog post, both the testimony of "Gustavo" and his identification with René Resciniti de Says remain to be corroborated.<ref>{{cite web|last=Abel Mestre and Caroline Monnot|first=|title=L’identité de « Gustavo », l’homme qui dit avoir tué Pierre Goldman, révélée|url=http://droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/05/22/gustavo-lhomme-qui-dit-avoir-tue-pierre-goldman-est-decede/|work=Droit(s) Extreme(s)|publisher=lemonde.fr|accessdate=22 May 2012}}</ref>
''Gustavo'', the 2010 Michel Despratx documentary broadcast by ], states Goldman was assassinated by a four-person commando squad which included an inspector of the '']'' (DST) and a police officer of the '']'' (RG). Nevertheless, as pointed out by the blog post, “Gustavo”'s testimony and his identification as René Resciniti de Says remain to be corroborated.<ref>{{cite web|last=] and ]|title=L'identité de "Gustavo", l'homme qui dit avoir tué Pierre Goldman, révélée|url=http://droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/05/22/gustavo-lhomme-qui-dit-avoir-tue-pierre-goldman-est-decede/|work=Droit(s) Extreme(s)|publisher=lemonde.fr|accessdate=22 May 2012|archive-date=9 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509110606/http://droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/05/22/gustavo-lhomme-qui-dit-avoir-tue-pierre-goldman-est-decede/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Film==
'']'', released in 2023, is based on Goldman's 1976 retrial for murder.


== Bibliography == == Bibliography ==
* ''Souvenirs obscurs d'un juif polonais né en France'', ], 1975. * ''Souvenirs obscurs d'un juif polonais né en France'', ], 1975.
* ''L'ordinaire mésaventure d'Archibald Rapoport'' (1977) * ''L'ordinaire mésaventure d'Archibald Rapoport'', 1977.

Books about him:
⚫ * ''La vie rêvée de Pierre Goldman'' by Antoine Casubolo (2005, ISBN 2-35076-007-3)
⚫ * ''Pierre Goldman, le frère de l'ombre'' by Michaël Prazan, (2005, ISBN 2-02-067895-0)
⚫ * ''{{lang|fr|Matricule 518.941-2.87 : prison de Fresnes : correspondance d'un prévenu avec son professeur}}'', Amnassar (2005, ISBN 2-35073-044-1)


== References == == References ==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
⚫ * ''La vie rêvée de Pierre Goldman'' by Antoine Casubolo (2005, {{ISBN|2-35076-007-3}})
⚫ * ''Pierre Goldman, le frère de l'ombre'' by Michaël Prazan, (2005, {{ISBN|2-02-067895-0}})
⚫ * ''{{lang|fr|Matricule 518.941-2.87 : prison de Fresnes : correspondance d'un prévenu avec son professeur}}'', Amnassar (2005, {{ISBN|2-35073-044-1}})


== External links == == External links ==
* at ]
*{{fr icon}} June 9, 2005 '']'' article on Michaël Prazan's book
*{{fr icon}} (on ]'s website) *{{in lang|fr}} June 9, 2005 '']'' article on Michaël Prazan's book
*{{in lang|fr}} (on ]'s website)
*{{fr icon}} May 22, 2012 ] blog article reporting on "'Gustavo' the man who said he killed Pierre Goldman". *{{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509110606/http://droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr/2012/05/22/gustavo-lhomme-qui-dit-avoir-tue-pierre-goldman-est-decede/ |date=2019-05-09 }} May 22, 2012 ] blog article reporting on "'Gustavo' the man who said he killed Pierre Goldman".
⚫ {{Authority control|VIAF=91565861}}

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⚫ {{Authority control}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Goldman, Pierre}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goldman, Pierre}}
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Latest revision as of 15:47, 5 December 2024

French academic
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Pierre Goldman

Pierre Goldman (French: [pjɛʁ ɡɔldman]; Lyon, 22 June 1944 – Paris, 20 September 1979) was a French left-wing intellectual who was convicted of several robberies and mysteriously assassinated. It has been suspected that the Spanish death squads GAL were involved in his murder. His half-brother Jean-Jacques Goldman is a popular French singer.

Biography

Pierre Goldman was born in France near the end of World War II, the son of Polish Jews Alter Mojze Goldman and Janine Sochaczewska, who were active in the FTP-MOI Resistance movement. After the liberation of France, his parents separated, and his father, in concert with a group of former FTP-MOI members, kidnapped him. At the time, Alter said that he took Pierre so that he would not grow up in the country, Poland, that had seen the elimination of so many Jews, to which Pierre's mother was returning. Thereafter, he had only sporadic contact with his mother.

Though he was expelled from various high schools and boarding schools, Goldman obtained his baccalauréat and pursued courses at the Sorbonne as an independent auditor. He joined the Union of Communist Students in 1963. In 1966, he refused to do his compulsory military service, and travelled to Cuba instead, where he heard Fidel Castro speak at the Tricontinental Conference in January 1966. Still in Havana for the funerary events after Che Guevara's death, he met a number of Venezuelan guerrilleros. through intermediary Régis Debray.

Returning to Paris, he stayed aloof from May '68 activism. In June 1968 he returned to Venezuela and spent a year there in guerrilla activities. On 11 June 1969, after their attack on an arms depot, his group withdrew into the sierra, and then lost all support from Cuba which rallied to the Venezuelan government's side. Goldman then robbed the Royal Bank of Canada in Puerto La Cruz on 11 June 1969, taking 2.6 million bolívars (the biggest hold-up of that year), a robbery later claimed by the FALN guerrillas. Of his comrades, only Goldman was not identified, fleeing in September to Paris.

Having soon spent his remaining money, he staged several robberies of small businesses in December 1969 and January 1970. During this period, he reportedly considered kidnapping writer Jean-Edern Hallier, whom he disliked profoundly. In 1974, he was given a life-sentence by the Paris cour d'assises after being convicted of a bloody robbery on 19 December 1969 on the Boulevard Richard-Lenoir, in which two pharmacists were killed. He denied having committed the robbery, although he admitted having conducted three earlier robberies. He was sentenced to 12 years in prison for the other three robberies and given a life sentence for the December 1969 murders.

During the five years he spent in prison, he studied philosophy and Spanish, and wrote a book on his own case, Souvenirs obscurs d'un juif polonais né en France (Obscure Memories of a Polish Jew Born in France), published in 1975. The impact of the book on some French intellectuals and personalities, including the actress Simone Signoret, the writer Françoise Sagan, Jean-Paul Sartre and Régis Debray, among others, plus many inconsistencies recorded during the investigation led to a second trial, which started on 26 April 1976. He was acquitted and freed in October 1976. Afterward, he contributed to left-wing newspapers, joining the Temps Modernes and Libération.

Assassination

On 20 September 1979, Goldman was assassinated by being shot at point-blank range in Paris. Eyewitnesses described seeing three Spanish-looking persons. The police first suspected the Mafia; however, the murder was claimed by (according to AFP) an unknown far-right group: Honneur de la police (Honour of the Police). Goldman's funeral was attended by 15,000 people. A few hours after his death, his wife Christiane gave birth to a son, Manuel.

The perpetrators of Goldman's murder have not been found. Various theories persist, the most serious pointing to Marseilles' criminal underground, which might have assassinated him on behalf of the mercenary organization GAL, a death squad set up by Spanish officials to fight ETA in the 1980s. Goldman was allegedly helping the ETA to procure weapons and planned to create an organization to fight the GAL. Another theory shared by VSD points toward the French intelligence services — supported by the fact that former police officer Lucien Aimé-Blanc, in charge of the narcotics department, noted the presence of a SDECE officer at the scene.

In April 2006, Libération published an interview of said former police officer, who stated that one of his informants, Jean-Pierre Maïone, had admitted a few years later to having killed Goldman on behalf of the GAL:

Marseille boys members of GAL killed him with Maïone, who also talked about a commandant, former member of the SDECE , without revealing me his identity.

On 22 May 2012, a blog post from lemonde.fr identified the killer of Pierre Goldman as René Resciniti de Says. A former paratrooper for the French Armed Forces, Resciniti de Says was known as René l'élégant and died on 17 April 2012 at the age of 61. Goldman's assassin had previously been identified under the pseudonym “Gustavo” by documentarian Michel Despratx in 2010. Extreme right journalist Emmanuel Ratier, in the bimonthly newsletter Faits et Documents, claims the true identity of “Gustavo” to have been René Resciniti de Says. The blog post alleges that René Resciniti de Says was an associate of French monarchist group Action Française, as well as being one of Bob Denard's mercenaries.

Gustavo, the 2010 Michel Despratx documentary broadcast by Canal+, states Goldman was assassinated by a four-person commando squad which included an inspector of the Direction de la surveillance du territoire (DST) and a police officer of the Direction centrale des renseignements généraux (RG). Nevertheless, as pointed out by the blog post, “Gustavo”'s testimony and his identification as René Resciniti de Says remain to be corroborated.

Film

The Goldman Case, released in 2023, is based on Goldman's 1976 retrial for murder.

Bibliography

  • Souvenirs obscurs d'un juif polonais né en France, Le Seuil, 1975.
  • L'ordinaire mésaventure d'Archibald Rapoport, 1977.

References

  1. "Qui était Pierre Goldman ?".
  2. ^ Michaël Prazan, L'assassinat de Pierre Goldman (2005) - film documentary
  3. " 'Mon indic a flingué Pierre Goldman', entretien avec Lucien Aimé-Blanc" in Libération, 20 April 2006 (in French)
  4. Abel Mestre and Caroline Monnot. "L'identité de "Gustavo", l'homme qui dit avoir tué Pierre Goldman, révélée". Droit(s) Extreme(s). lemonde.fr. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2012.

Further reading

  • La vie rêvée de Pierre Goldman by Antoine Casubolo (2005, ISBN 2-35076-007-3)
  • Pierre Goldman, le frère de l'ombre by Michaël Prazan, (2005, ISBN 2-02-067895-0)
  • Matricule 518.941-2.87 : prison de Fresnes : correspondance d'un prévenu avec son professeur, Amnassar (2005, ISBN 2-35073-044-1)

External links

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