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{{Short description|12th-century Icelandic manuscript}}
{{disputed|date=November 2012}}
{{italic title}}
The '''Langfedgetal''' is a table of ] ] composed by ].<ref name="SparksEverett1838">{{cite book|author1=Jared Sparks|author2=Edward Everett|author3=James Russell Lowell|coauthors=Henry Cabot Lodge|title=The North American Review|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wVsCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA186|accessdate=15 November 2012|year=1838|publisher=Oliver Everett|pages=186–}}</ref><ref name="Pinkerton1810">{{cite book|author=John Pinkerton|title=A general collection of the best and most interesting voyages and travels|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7cUNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA712|accessdate=15 November 2012|year=1810|pages=712–}}</ref><ref name="Upsala1780">{{cite book|author=Uno von Troil (abp. of Upsala.)|title=Letters on Iceland: containing observations on the civil, literary, ecclesiastical, and natural history & co. To which are added the letters of dr. Ihre and dr. Bach, concerning the Edda and the elephantiasis of Iceland|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GBIUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA312|accessdate=15 November 2012|year=1780|pages=312–}}</ref> It lists the details of ancient ]s and other ] as compiled from ancient ]s and ]s.<ref name="SparksEverett1838"/> It has been translated by ] and published in a modified form in the ] (Norway Found).<ref name="Lindow2002">{{cite book|author=John Lindow|title=Norse Mythology:A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jME8hD2UO4QC&pg=PA118|accessdate=15 November 2012|date=17 October 2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-515382-8|pages=118–}}</ref>
'''''Langfeðgatal'''''<ref>Sometimes written '''''Langfedgetal''''' or '''''Langfedgatal'''''.</ref> (<small>Old Norse pronunciation:</small> {{IPA|}}, {{IPA-is|ˈlauŋkˌfɛðkaˌtʰaːl̥}}) is an anonymous, twelfth-century Icelandic genealogy of Scandinavian kings.


== Manuscript ==
] translated the ]ic Langfeðgatal in his edition of ] in 1772 along with a ].<ref name="ShippeyShippey1998">{{cite book|author1=Tom A Shippey|author2=Andreas Haarder, T. A. Shippey|title=Beowulf: The Critical Heritage|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=SC9Oh9AVSUEC&pg=PA4|accessdate=27 November 2012|year=1998|publisher=Taylor & Francis Group|isbn=978-0-415-02970-4|pages=4–}}</ref>
''Langfeðgatal'' is preserved in a manuscript that is part of the ] (AM 415), a body of medieval Scandinavian works collected by the late-seventeenth/early-eighteenth-century scholar and collector ].<ref name="Bruce">{{cite book|author=Alexander M. Bruce|title=Scyld and Scef: Expanding the Analogues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDFIeCj0xasC&pg=PA56|accessdate=11 December 2012|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-8153-3904-5|pages=56–60}}</ref> The text was published, along with a Latin translation, in 1772 by ] in the first volume of ''Scriptores Rerum Danicarum Medii Ævi''.<ref name="ShippeyShippey1998">{{cite book|author1=Tom A Shippey|author2=Andreas Haarder, T. A. Shippey|title=Beowulf: The Critical Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SC9Oh9AVSUEC&pg=PA4|accessdate=27 November 2012|year=1998|publisher=Taylor & Francis Group|isbn=978-0-415-02970-4|pages=4–}}</ref>

== Origins ==
''Langfeðgatal'' falls within a group of medieval manuscripts that trace the Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon royalty back to legendary and divine progenitors. ] suggested that it, together with the ], the ] and the ] were influenced by a common ] archetypal genealogy that existed around 970 CE.<ref name="Bruce1">{{cite book|author=Alexander M. Bruce|title=Scyld and Scef: Expanding the Analogues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hDFIeCj0xasC&pg=PA56|accessdate=11 December 2012|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-8153-3904-5|page=58}}</ref> The ''Langfeðgatal'' genealogies are split into two branches, a ] line of ]s leading to ] ] and a ] line leading to Danish ], ]. These lines converge on ], who takes the place of the ] of the ]. Though it then parallels the Anglo-Saxon pedigrees for several generations, but again diverges to trace a line that includes ], ] of Troy, and ] before connecting with the ] via ], ]'s son.<ref name="Bruce" />

The exact relationship of the genealogies contained in ''Langfeðgatal'' to similar trees in other Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon sources is unclear. Alexander M. Bruce suggested that ] was in possession of the ''Langfeðgatal'' or a closely related text when he composed the detailed list of gods and heroes given in the '']''.<ref name="Bruce" /> Anthony Faulkes suggested transmission in the opposite direction: a set of incomplete notes from the English Anglian collection manuscript T (or a closely related text) found their way to Iceland, and Faulkes sees Snorri's ''Prologue'' as an intermediate between these notes and the form of the mythical pedigrees take in ''Langfeðgatal''.<ref name="Faulkes">{{cite book| last=Faulkes |first=Anthony |chapter=The Genealogies and Regnal Lists in a Manuscript in Resen's Library |title=Sjötíu ritgerðir helgaðar Jakobi Benediktssyni 20. júlí 1977| location=Reykjavik |year=1977 |pages=170–190 |url=http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Genealogies.pdf}}; {{cite journal|last=Faulkes |first=Anthony |title=The Earliest Icelandic Genealogies and Regnal Lists |journal=The Saga Book of the Viking Society |volume=29 |pages=115–119 |year=2005 |url=http://www.vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Saga-Book%20XXIX.pdf}}</ref>

== Other uses ==
The term ''langfeðgatal'' has also been used as a generic description of this type of genealogical text, tracing royal lineages back to Biblical and classical forebears, such as Adam, Noah or the Trojan King Priam, like what is found in the second appendix to ]. This generic usage appears in Eyvind Fjeld Halvorsen's '']''.<ref name="Quinn">Quinn, Judy, "From orality to literacy in medieval Iceland", p. 48 in Margaret Cluneis Ross (ed.) ''Old Icelandic Literature and Society'', Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-0521631129}}, 2000.]</ref>


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==External links==
]
* in ] Manuscript AM 415 - Alfræði íslenzk III: Landalýsingar et al. Copenhagen, 1917–18, Pages 57–8
]
* : The full text in Icelandic, Norwegian and English as parallel texts
]
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Langfedgatal}}

]

Latest revision as of 20:49, 10 April 2024

12th-century Icelandic manuscript

Langfeðgatal (Old Norse pronunciation: , Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlauŋkˌfɛðkaˌtʰaːl̥]) is an anonymous, twelfth-century Icelandic genealogy of Scandinavian kings.

Manuscript

Langfeðgatal is preserved in a manuscript that is part of the Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection (AM 415), a body of medieval Scandinavian works collected by the late-seventeenth/early-eighteenth-century scholar and collector Árni Magnússon. The text was published, along with a Latin translation, in 1772 by Jacob Langbek in the first volume of Scriptores Rerum Danicarum Medii Ævi.

Origins

Langfeðgatal falls within a group of medieval manuscripts that trace the Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon royalty back to legendary and divine progenitors. Raymond Wilson Chambers suggested that it, together with the Anglian collection, the Ættartölur and the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List were influenced by a common Anglo-Saxon archetypal genealogy that existed around 970 CE. The Langfeðgatal genealogies are split into two branches, a Norwegian line of legendary progenitors leading to King Harald Fairhair and a Danish line leading to Danish King, Horda-Knute. These lines converge on Óðinn, who takes the place of the Woden of the Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies. Though it then parallels the Anglo-Saxon pedigrees for several generations, but again diverges to trace a line that includes Thor, Priam of Troy, and Jupiter before connecting with the Generations of Noah via Japheth, Noah's son.

The exact relationship of the genealogies contained in Langfeðgatal to similar trees in other Scandinavian and Anglo-Saxon sources is unclear. Alexander M. Bruce suggested that Snorri Sturlson was in possession of the Langfeðgatal or a closely related text when he composed the detailed list of gods and heroes given in the Prologue to the Prose Edda. Anthony Faulkes suggested transmission in the opposite direction: a set of incomplete notes from the English Anglian collection manuscript T (or a closely related text) found their way to Iceland, and Faulkes sees Snorri's Prologue as an intermediate between these notes and the form of the mythical pedigrees take in Langfeðgatal.

Other uses

The term langfeðgatal has also been used as a generic description of this type of genealogical text, tracing royal lineages back to Biblical and classical forebears, such as Adam, Noah or the Trojan King Priam, like what is found in the second appendix to Íslendingabók. This generic usage appears in Eyvind Fjeld Halvorsen's Kulturhistorisk leksikon for nordisk middelalder.

References

  1. Sometimes written Langfedgetal or Langfedgatal.
  2. ^ Alexander M. Bruce (2002). Scyld and Scef: Expanding the Analogues. Psychology Press. pp. 56–60. ISBN 978-0-8153-3904-5. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  3. Tom A Shippey; Andreas Haarder, T. A. Shippey (1998). Beowulf: The Critical Heritage. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-415-02970-4. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  4. Alexander M. Bruce (2002). Scyld and Scef: Expanding the Analogues. Psychology Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-8153-3904-5. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  5. Faulkes, Anthony (1977). "The Genealogies and Regnal Lists in a Manuscript in Resen's Library". Sjötíu ritgerðir helgaðar Jakobi Benediktssyni 20. júlí 1977 (PDF). Reykjavik. pp. 170–190.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link); Faulkes, Anthony (2005). "The Earliest Icelandic Genealogies and Regnal Lists" (PDF). The Saga Book of the Viking Society. 29: 115–119.
  6. Quinn, Judy, "From orality to literacy in medieval Iceland", p. 48 in Margaret Cluneis Ross (ed.) Old Icelandic Literature and Society, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521631129, 2000.]

External links

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