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{{Short description|None}}
{{Infobox country demographics
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
|country = Republic of Turkey
{{Infobox place demographics
|image = ]
|caption = 1961–2007 | place = ]
| image = Turkey single age population pyramid 2020.png
|size_of_population = 73,722,988<br>(2010 est.) {{increase}}
|growth = 1.36% (2011 est.) {{decrease}} | image_size = 350
| caption = ] of ] in 2020
|birth = 17.0 births/1,000<br />population (2010) {{decrease}}

|death = 6.0 deaths/1,000<br />population (2008 est.){{increase}}
<!-- main demographics -->
|life = 74.5 years (2011){{increase}}
| size_of_population = {{increase}} 85,372,377<br />(31 December 2023)
|life_male = 72.0 years (2011) {{increase}}
|life_female = 77.1 years (2011) {{increase}} | density = {{increase}} {{cvt|111|/km2}} (2023)
|fertility = 2.03 children born/woman (2010) {{decrease}} | growth = {{decrease}} 0.11% (2023)
| birth = {{decrease}} 11.2 births/1,000 population (2023)
|age_0-14_years = 140,000 people born/ woman/ men (decrease)
| death = {{increaseNegative}} 6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023)
|age_15-64_years = 67.7% (male 24,218,277; female 23,456,761) {{increase}}
|age_65_years = 6.8% (male 2,198,073; female 2,607,551) (2006 est.) {{increase}} | life = {{increase}} 77.3 years (2023)
| life_male = {{increase}} 74.7 years (2023)
|sr_total_mf_ratio = 1.02 male(s)/female
|sr_at_birth = 1.05 male(s)/female (2006 est.) | life_female = {{increase}} 80 years (2023)
| fertility = {{decrease}} 1.51 children born/woman (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |title=TURKSTAT Corporate |url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Birth-Statistics-2023-53708|access-date=2024-05-25 |website=data.tuik.gov.tr}}</ref>
|sr_under_15 = 1.04 male(s)/female
| infant_mortality = {{decreasePositive}} 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2022)
|sr_15-64_years = 1.03 male(s)/female
| net_migration = {{decrease}} -1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
|sr_65_years_over = 0.84 male(s)/female

|nation = ''noun'': Turk(s) ''adjective'': Turkish
<!-- age structure -->
|major_ethnic = ]
| age_0–14_years = {{decrease}} 21.4% (2023)
|minor_ethnic = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
| age_15–64_years = {{increase}} 68.3% (2023)
|official = ]
| age_65_years = {{increaseNegative}} 10.2% (2023)
|spoken = ], ], ], ] ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
<!-- sex ratio -->
| total_mf_ratio = 0.99 male(s)/female (2021)<ref name="TurkStatb">{{cite web|title=TurkStat|url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500}}</ref>
| sr_at_birth = 1.05 male(s)/female (2022)
| sr_under_15 = 1.05 male(s)/female (2022)
| sr_15–64_years = 1.03 male(s)/female (2022)
| sr_65_years_over = 0.82 male(s)/female (2022)

<!-- nationality -->
| nation = ]
| major_ethnic = ] (70–75%)<ref name="cia">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkey-turkiye/#people-and-society |title=Turkey (Turkiye) |work=] |publisher=] |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref>
| minor_ethnic = {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* ] (19%)<ref name="cia"/>
* ] (6–11%)<ref name="cia"/> (2016 est.)
{{tree list/end}}
}} }}
This article is about the ] features of the ] of ], including ], ], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.


<!-- language -->
As of 2010, the population of Turkey is estimated to be 73.7 million<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=8428 |title=Turkish Statistical Institute |publisher=Turkstat.gov.tr |date= |accessdate=2011-05-16}}</ref> with a growth rate of 1.21% per annum (2009 figure).<ref name="WorldBank_TR_Quickfacts">
| official = ]
{{Cite web
| spoken = ]
| last =
}}
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Turkey - Data & Statistics
| work =
| publisher = World Bank
| date =
| url =http://go.worldbank.org/KMLVYJ93M0
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2011-03-03}}
</ref> The population is relatively young with 26.6% falling in the 0-14 age bracket.<ref name="ciawfb"/> According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics in Turkey the ] from 1990 to 2008 was 16 million or 29%.<ref name=IEApop2011> Population 1971-2008 ( pages 83-85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57)</ref>


] features of the ] of ] include ], ], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
==Population==

{|class="wikitable"
{{As of|2023|12|31|post=,}} the population of Turkey was 85.3 million with a growth rate of 0.11% per annum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TURKSTAT Corporate |url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2023-49684&dil=2 |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=data.tuik.gov.tr}}</ref> ] are the largest ].

By ethnicity ] (70-75%), ] (19%), other (6-11%) including ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and others (2016 estimate).

] in recent years, with just 21.4% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007).<ref name="tuik20238">{{cite web|url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2023-49684&dil=2 | title=TÜİK Kurumsal }}</ref> The population over the age of 65 is 10.2% (up from 7.1% in 2007). {{As of|2023|post=,}} the median age of the Turkish population is 34 years (up from 28.3 in 2007).<ref name="TurkStat2022AddressBased">{{cite web | url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2023-49684&dil=2| title=TÜİK Kurumsal }}</ref> According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 the ] in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.<ref name=IEApop2011> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=12 October 2009 }} Population 1971–2008 ( {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=2012-01-06 }} pages&nbsp;83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010, p. 57.</ref>

== Population ==
=== Historical population ===
]
{{Historical populations
|title = Historical population<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=39&ust_id=11 |title=Population Statistics And Projections |publisher=Turkstat.gov.tr |access-date=2014-06-17}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Kitap.do?metod=KitapDetay&KT_ID=11&KITAP_ID=12 |title=Census of Population; Social and Economic Characteristics of Population, Turkey |publisher=Turkstat.gov.tr |access-date=2016-04-15}}</ref>|align = none | cols = 2
|shading = off
|percentages = pagr
|1890|8274971
|1910|12329210
|1927|13648270
|1935|16158018
|1940|17820950
|1945|18790174
|1950|20947188
|1955|24064763
|1960|27754820
|1965|31391421
|1970|35605176
|1975|40347719
|1980|44736957
|1985|50664458
|1990|56473035
|2000|67803927
|2010|73722988
|2015|78741053
|2020|83614362
|2021|84680273
|2022|85279553
|2023|85372377
}}

=== Urbanization ===
]
According to the CIA World Factbook:<ref name="cia"/>
* Urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)
* Rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)

===Structure of the population===
{{Hidden begin
|title= Structure of the population
|titlestyle = background:#F35B5A;
}}
Structure of the population (31.XII.2015) (Data based on Address Based Population Registration System.):<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21507|title=Turkish Statistical Institute The Results of Address Based Population Registration System 2015|first=Turkish Statistical Institute|last=(TurkStat)|website=Turkstat.gov.tr|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=1588|title=İllerin aldığı, verdiği göç, net göç ve net göç hızı, 1980–2016|website=Turkstat.gov.tr|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=944|title=Yaş grubu ve cinsiyete göre il/ilçe merkezi ve belde/köy nüfusu, 2007–2016|website=Turkstat.gov.tr|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! width="80pt" | Age group
!Date||Population||{{abbr|%±|Percent change}}
! width="80pt" | Male
! width="80pt" | Female
! width="80pt" | Total
! width="80pt" | Percent
|- |-
| align="right" | Total
|Dec. 31, 2007
| align="right" | 39,511,191
|style="text-align:center;"|70,586,256
| align="right" | 39,229,862
| —
| align="right" | 78,741,053
| align="right" | 100
|- |-
| align="right" | 0–4
|Dec. 31, 2008
| align="right" | 3,275,520
|style="text-align:center;"|71,517,100
| align="right" | 3,105,996
| +1.32%
| align="right" | 6,381,516
| align="right" | 8.10
|- |-
| align="right" | 5–9
|Dec. 31, 2009
| align="right" | 3,252,811
|style="text-align:center;"|72,561,312
| align="right" | 3,084,908
| +1.46%
| align="right" | 6,337,719
| align="right" | 8.05
|- |-
| align="right" | 10–14
|Dec. 31, 2010
| align="right" | 3,166,860
|style="text-align:center;"|73,722,988
| align="right" | 3,000,125
| +1.60%
| align="right" | 6,166,985
| align="right" | 7.83
|- |-
| align="right" | 15–19
|Dec. 31, 2011
| align="right" | 3,382,363
|style="text-align:center;"|74,724,269
| align="right" | 3,203,137
| +1.36%
| align="right" | 6,585,500
| align="right" | 8.36
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3,224,168
| align="right" | 3,089,999
| align="right" | 6,314,167
| align="right" | 8.02
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3,178,350
| align="right" | 3,084,899
| align="right" | 6,263,249
| align="right" | 7.95
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3,252,171
| align="right" | 3,175,879
| align="right" | 6,428,150
| align="right" | 8.16
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3,134,041
| align="right" | 3,069,282
| align="right" | 6,203,323
| align="right" | 7.88
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 2,788,425
| align="right" | 2,764,155
| align="right" | 5,552,580
| align="right" | 7.05
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2,337,087
| align="right" | 2,252,992
| align="right" | 4,590,079
| align="right" | 5.83
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2,317,534
| align="right" | 2,315,375
| align="right" | 4,632,909
| align="right" | 5.88
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 1,843,354
| align="right" | 1,837,816
| align="right" | 3,681,170
| align="right" | 4.68
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1,515,065
| align="right" | 1,593,402
| align="right" | 3,108,467
| align="right" | 3.95
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1,100,734
| align="right" | 1,255,651
| align="right" | 2,356,385
| align="right" | 2.99
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 737,892
| align="right" | 888,292
| align="right" | 1,626,184
| align="right" | 2.07
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 501,411
| align="right" | 682,335
| align="right" | 1,183,746
| align="right" | 1.50
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 339,904
| align="right" | 470,584
| align="right" | 810,488
| align="right" | 1.03
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 128,879
| align="right" | 261,571
| align="right" | 390,450
| align="right" | 0.50
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 34,622
| align="right" | 93,364
| align="right" | 127,986
| align="right" | 0.16
|- |-
|} |}
Source: Turkish Statistical Institute<ref></ref>


{| class="wikitable"
==Vital statistics==
|-
! width="80" | Age group
! width="80" | Male
! width="80" | Female
! width="80" | Total
! width="80" | Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9,695,191
| align="right" | 9,191,029
| align="right" | 18,886,220
| align="right" | 23.99
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 26,972,558
| align="right" | 26,387,036
| align="right" | 53,359,594
| align="right" | 67.77
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2,843,442
| align="right" | 3,651,797
| align="right" | 6,495,239
| align="right" | 8.25
|-
|}
Structure of the population (31.XII.2016):
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt" | Age group
! width="80pt" | Male
! width="80pt" | Female
! width="80pt" | Total
! width="80pt" | Percent
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 40,043,650
| align="right" | 39,771,221
| align="right" | 79,814,871
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 3,314,542
| align="right" | 3,144,753
| align="right" | 6,459,295
| align="right" | 8.09
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3,253,345
| align="right" | 3,084,099
| align="right" | 6,337,444
| align="right" | 7.94
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3,147,133
| align="right" | 2,981,910
| align="right" | 6,129,043
| align="right" | 7.68
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3,400,443
| align="right" | 3,222,876
| align="right" | 6,623,319
| align="right" | 8.30
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3,247,764
| align="right" | 3,117,959
| align="right" | 6,365,723
| align="right" | 7.98
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3,169,360
| align="right" | 3,076,681
| align="right" | 6,246,041
| align="right" | 7.83
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3,196,645
| align="right" | 3,113,766
| align="right" | 6,310,411
| align="right" | 7.91
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3,275,175
| align="right" | 3,219,158
| align="right" | 6,494,333
| align="right" | 8.14
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 2,833,655
| align="right" | 2,800,662
| align="right" | 5,634,317
| align="right" | 7.06
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2,412,875
| align="right" | 2,335,639
| align="right" | 4,748,514
| align="right" | 5.95
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2,381,640
| align="right" | 2,374,604
| align="right" | 4,756,244
| align="right" | 5.96
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 1,855,171
| align="right" | 1,860,565
| align="right" | 3,715,736
| align="right" | 4.66
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1,636,510
| align="right" | 1,706,438
| align="right" | 3,342,948
| align="right" | 4.19
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1,132,464
| align="right" | 1,280,073
| align="right" | 2,412,537
| align="right" | 3.02
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 763,121
| align="right" | 917,371
| align="right" | 1,680,492
| align="right" | 2.11
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 512,607
| align="right" | 689,443
| align="right" | 1,202,050
| align="right" | 1.51
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 336,206
| align="right" | 473,119
| align="right" | 809,325
| align="right" | 1.01
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 136,238
| align="right" | 265,520
| align="right" | 401,758
| align="right" | 0.50
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 38,756
| align="right" | 106,585
| align="right" | 145,341
| align="right" | 0.18
|-
|}


{| class="wikitable"
===UN estimates<ref></ref>===
|-
! width="80" | Age group
! width="80" | Male
! width="80" | Female
! width="80" | Total
! width="80" | Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9,715,020
| align="right" | 9,210,762
| align="right" | 18,925,782
| align="right" | 23.71
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 27,409,238
| align="right" | 26,828,348
| align="right" | 54,237,586
| align="right" | 67.95
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2,919,392
| align="right" | 3,732,111
| align="right" | 6,651,503
| align="right" | 8.33
|-
|}


Structure of the population (31.XII.2017):
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! width="80pt"|Period ! width="80pt" | Age group
! width="80pt"|Live births per year ! width="80pt" | Male
! width="80pt"|Deaths per year ! width="80pt" | Female
! width="80pt"|Natural change per year ! width="80pt" | Total
! width="80pt"|CBR<sup>1</sup> ! width="80pt" | Percent
! width="80pt"|CDR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|NC<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|TFR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|IMR<sup>1</sup>
|- |-
| align="right" | Total
| 1950-1955
| align="right" | 1 108 000 | align="right" | 40 535 135
| align="right" | 431 000 | align="right" | 40 275 390
| align="right" | 677 000 | align="right" | 80 810 525
| align="right" | 48.4 | align="right" | 100
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" | 29.6
| align="right" | 6.30
| align="right" | 167.4
|- |-
| align="right" | 0–4
| 1955-1960
| align="right" | 1 237 000 | align="right" | 3 326 591
| align="right" | 485 000 | align="right" | 3 155 258
| align="right" | 752 000 | align="right" | 6 481 849
| align="right" | 46.9 | align="right" | 8.02
| align="right" | 18.4
| align="right" | 28.5
| align="right" | 6.15
| align="right" | 163.9
|- |-
| align="right" | 5–9
| 1960-1965
| align="right" | 1 328 000 | align="right" | 3 254 177
| align="right" | 529 000 | align="right" | 3 086 592
| align="right" | 799 000 | align="right" | 6 340 769
| align="right" | 44.3 | align="right" | 7.85
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 26.7
| align="right" | 6.05
| align="right" | 160.5
|- |-
| align="right" | 10–14
| 1965-1970
| align="right" | 1 355 000 | align="right" | 3 188 333
| align="right" | 562 000 | align="right" | 3 022 537
| align="right" | 792 000 | align="right" | 6 210 870
| align="right" | 40.3 | align="right" | 7.69
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 23.6
| align="right" | 5.70
| align="right" | 156.9
|- |-
| align="right" | 15–19
| 1970-1975
| align="right" | 1 451 000 | align="right" | 3 351 043
| align="right" | 564 000 | align="right" | 3 175 544
| align="right" | 887 000 | align="right" | 6 526 587
| align="right" | 38.7 | align="right" | 8.08
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 23.7
| align="right" | 5.30
| align="right" | 141.3
|- |-
| align="right" | 20–24
| 1975-1980
| align="right" | 1 523 000 | align="right" | 3 294 336
| align="right" | 545 000 | align="right" | 3 162 174
| align="right" | 977 000 | align="right" | 6 456 510
| align="right" | 36.4 | align="right" | 7.99
| align="right" | 13.0
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 4.72
| align="right" | 119.4
|- |-
| align="right" | 25–29
| 1980-1985
| align="right" | 1 579 000 | align="right" | 3 163 889
| align="right" | 505 000 | align="right" | 3 067 653
| align="right" | 1 074 000 | align="right" | 6 231 542
| align="right" | 33.8 | align="right" | 7.71
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 23.0
| align="right" | 4.15
| align="right" | 96.7
|- |-
| align="right" | 30–34
| 1985-1990
| align="right" | 1 433 000 | align="right" | 3 189 075
| align="right" | 457 000 | align="right" | 3 107 849
| align="right" | 976 000 | align="right" | 6 296 924
| align="right" | 27.7 | align="right" | 7.79
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 18.9
| align="right" | 3.28
| align="right" | 78.0
|- |-
| align="right" | 35–39
| 1990-1995
| align="right" | 1 419 000 | align="right" | 3 308 413
| align="right" | 432 000 | align="right" | 3 252 283
| align="right" | 987 000 | align="right" | 6 560 696
| align="right" | 25.1 | align="right" | 8.12
| align="right" | 7.7
| align="right" | 17.4
| align="right" | 2.90
| align="right" | 63.0
|- |-
| align="right" | 40–44
| 1995-2000
| align="right" | 1 382 000 | align="right" | 2 891 799
| align="right" | 399 000 | align="right" | 2 849 020
| align="right" | 983 000 | align="right" | 5 740 819
| align="right" | 22.6 | align="right" | 7.10
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 16.1
| align="right" | 2.57
| align="right" | 45.5
|- |-
| align="right" | 45–49
| 2000-2005
| align="right" | 1 296 000 | align="right" | 2 556 364
| align="right" | 373 000 | align="right" | 2 498 790
| align="right" | 923 000 | align="right" | 5 055 154
| align="right" | 19.7 | align="right" | 6.26
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 14.0
| align="right" | 2.23
| align="right" | 31.4
|- |-
| align="right" | 50–54
| 2005-2010
| align="right" | 1 316 000 | align="right" | 2 349 139
| align="right" | 384 000 | align="right" | 2 326 316
| align="right" | 932 000 | align="right" | 4 675 455
| align="right" | 18.7 | align="right" | 5.79
|-
| align="right" | 5.5
| align="right" | 13.2 | align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 1 977 328
| align="right" | 1 989 399
| align="right" | 3 966 727
| align="right" | 4.91
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 651 215
| align="right" | 1 720 023
| align="right" | 3 371 238
| align="right" | 4.17
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 188 986
| align="right" | 1 322 918
| align="right" | 2 511 904
| align="right" | 3.11
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 784 614
| align="right" | 952 653
| align="right" | 1 737 267
| align="right" | 2.15 | align="right" | 2.15
| align="right" | 24.0
|- |-
| align="right" | 75–79
| colspan="9"| <sup>1</sup> <small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births</small>
| align="right" | 533 757
| align="right" | 715 428
| align="right" | 1 249 185
| align="right" | 1.55
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 330 240
| align="right" | 471 436
| align="right" | 801 676
| align="right" | 0.99
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 152 317
| align="right" | 282 516
| align="right" | 434 833
| align="right" | 0.54
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 43 519
| align="right" | 117 001
| align="right" | 160 520
| align="right" | 0.20
|-
|} |}


{| class="wikitable"
===Registered births===
|-
Birth statistics of Turkey have been started to get from The Central Population Administrative System (MERNIS) data base after MERNIS had on-line application in 2001. Birth statistics are updated continually because MERNIS has dynamic structure.<ref></ref>
! width="80" | Age group
In 2010 Turkey had a crude birth rate of 17.2 per 1000, in 2011 16.7, down from 20.3 in 2001. The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2010 was 2.05 children per woman, in 2011 2.02. The crude birth rate in 2010 ranged from 11.5 in ] (TFR 1.52) (11,5;1.55 in 2011), similar to ], to 27.9 in ] (TFR 3.53) (27.1;3,42 in 2011), similar to ].
! width="80" | Male
! width="80" | Female
! width="80" | Total
! width="80" | Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9 769 101
| align="right" | 9 264 387
| align="right" | 19 033 488
| align="right" | 23.55
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 27 732 601
| align="right" | 27 149 051
| align="right" | 54 881 652
| align="right" | 67.91
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 3 033 433
| align="right" | 3 861 952
| align="right" | 6 895 385
| align="right" | 8.53
|-
|}


Structure of the population (31.XII.2018):
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt" | Age group
! width="80pt" | Male
! width="80pt" | Female
! width="80pt" | Total
! width="80pt" | Percent
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 41 139 980
| align="right" | 40 863 902
| align="right" | 82 003 882
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 3 327 780
| align="right" | 3 157 206
| align="right" | 6 484 986
| align="right" | 7.91%
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3 264 608
| align="right" | 3 094 412
| align="right" | 6 358 920
| align="right" | 7.75%
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 254 277
| align="right" | 3 086 146
| align="right" | 6 340 423
| align="right" | 7.73%
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3 299 449
| align="right" | 3 124 818
| align="right" | 6 424 267
| align="right" | 7.83%
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3 347 297
| align="right" | 3 199 832
| align="right" | 6 547 129
| align="right" | 7.98%
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 190 023
| align="right" | 3 086 446
| align="right" | 6 276 469
| align="right" | 7.65%
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 205 205
| align="right" | 3 127 948
| align="right" | 6 333 153
| align="right" | 7.72%
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 316 603
| align="right" | 3 259 469
| align="right" | 6 576 072
| align="right" | 8.02%
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 2 953 329
| align="right" | 2 892 697
| align="right" | 5 846 026
| align="right" | 7.13%
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 670 183
| align="right" | 2 640 524
| align="right" | 5 310 707
| align="right" | 6.48%
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 372 182
| align="right" | 2 329 142
| align="right" | 4 701 324
| align="right" | 5.73%
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 076 882
| align="right" | 2 095 459
| align="right" | 4 172 341
| align="right" | 5.09%
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 692 130
| align="right" | 1 753 731
| align="right" | 3 445 861
| align="right" | 4.20%
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 245 979
| align="right" | 1 366 228
| align="right" | 2 612 207
| align="right" | 3.19%
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 835 353
| align="right" | 1 021 569
| align="right" | 1 856 922
| align="right" | 2.26%
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 539 825
| align="right" | 722 725
| align="right" | 1 262 550
| align="right" | 1.54%
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 318 882
| align="right" | 474 854
| align="right" | 793 736
| align="right" | 0.97%
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 182 957
| align="right" | 302 957
| align="right" | 485 914
| align="right" | 0.59%
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 47 136
| align="right" | 127 739
| align="right" | 174 875
| align="right" | 0.21%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80" | Age group
! width="80" | Male
! width="80" | Female
! width="80" | Total
! width="80" | Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9 846 565
| align="right" | 9 337 764
| align="right" | 19 184 329
| align="right" | 23.39%
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 28 123 283
| align="right" | 27 510 066
| align="right" | 55 633 349
| align="right" | 67.84%
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 3 170 132
| align="right" | 4 016 072
| align="right" | 7 186 204
| align="right" | 8.76%
|-
|}
Structure of the population (31.XII.2019):
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt" | Age group
! width="80pt" | Male
! width="80pt" | Female
! width="80pt" | Total
! width="80pt" | Percent
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 41 721 136
| align="right" | 41 433 861
| align="right" | 83 154 997
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 3 254 719
| align="right" | 3 090 417
| align="right" | 6 345 136
| align="right" | 7.63%
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3 316 621
| align="right" | 3 144 418
| align="right" | 6 461 039
| align="right" | 7.77%
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 288 207
| align="right" | 3 117 963
| align="right" | 6 406 170
| align="right" | 7.70%
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3 254 891
| align="right" | 3 076 703
| align="right" | 6 331 594
| align="right" | 7.61%
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3 392 374
| align="right" | 3 231 704
| align="right" | 6 624 078
| align="right" | 7.97%
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 240 657
| align="right" | 3 126 654
| align="right" | 6 367 311
| align="right" | 7.66%
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 221 381
| align="right" | 3 141 636
| align="right" | 6 363 017
| align="right" | 7.65%
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 324 759
| align="right" | 3 260 084
| align="right" | 6 584 843
| align="right" | 7.92%
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 3 016 898
| align="right" | 2 950 486
| align="right" | 5 967 384
| align="right" | 7.18%
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 772 838
| align="right" | 2 760 721
| align="right" | 5 533 559
| align="right" | 6.65%
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 367 577
| align="right" | 2 307 796
| align="right" | 4 675 373
| align="right" | 5.62%
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 178 454
| align="right" | 2 211 543
| align="right" | 4 389 997
| align="right" | 5.28%
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 754 500
| align="right" | 1 800 269
| align="right" | 3 554 769
| align="right" | 4.27%
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 301 371
| align="right" | 1 421 301
| align="right" | 2 722 672
| align="right" | 3.27%
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 907 850
| align="right" | 1 109 063
| align="right" | 2 016 913
| align="right" | 2.43%
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 560 695
| align="right" | 747 604
| align="right" | 1 308 299
| align="right" | 1.57%
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 323 732
| align="right" | 493 998
| align="right" | 817 730
| align="right" | 0.98%
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 192 938
| align="right" | 304 472
| align="right" | 497 410
| align="right" | 0.60%
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 50 674
| align="right" | 137 029
| align="right" | 187 703
| align="right" | 0.23%
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80" | Age group
! width="80" | Male
! width="80" | Female
! width="80" | Total
! width="80" | Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9 859 547
| align="right" | 9 352 798
| align="right" | 19 212 345
| align="right" | 23.10%
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 28 524 329
| align="right" | 27 867 596
| align="right" | 56 391 925
| align="right" | 67.82%
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 3 337 260
| align="right" | 4 213 467
| align="right" | 7 550 727
| align="right" | 9.08%
|-
|}

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2020):<ref name="data.tuik.gov.tr">{{cite web | url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2021-45500 | title=TÜİK Kurumsal }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 41 915 985
| align="right" | 41 698 377
| align="right" | 83 614 362
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 3 140 172
| align="right" | 2 981 535
| align="right" | 6 121 707
| align="right" | 7.32
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3 349 253
| align="right" | 3 177 340
| align="right" | 6 526 593
| align="right" | 7.81
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 294 985
| align="right" | 3 124 952
| align="right" | 6 419 937
| align="right" | 7.68
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3 201 588
| align="right" | 3 028 526
| align="right" | 6 230 114
| align="right" | 7.45
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3 408 434
| align="right" | 3 255 202
| align="right" | 6 663 636
| align="right" | 7.97
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 240 543
| align="right" | 3 130 411
| align="right" | 6 370 954
| align="right" | 7.62
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 199 710
| align="right" | 3 119 184
| align="right" | 6 318 894
| align="right" | 7.56
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 270 512
| align="right" | 3 203 071
| align="right" | 6 473 583
| align="right" | 7.74
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 3 145 645
| align="right" | 3 089 465
| align="right" | 6 235 110
| align="right" | 7.46
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 788 035
| align="right" | 2 775 631
| align="right" | 5 563 666
| align="right" | 6.65
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 325 190
| align="right" | 2 259 442
| align="right" | 4 584 632
| align="right" | 5.48
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 273 088
| align="right" | 2 304 499
| align="right" | 4 577 587
| align="right" | 5.47
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 764 938
| align="right" | 1 809 456
| align="right" | 3 574 394
| align="right" | 4.27
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 399 052
| align="right" | 1 539 663
| align="right" | 2 938 715
| align="right" | 3.51
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 960 742
| align="right" | 1 170 963
| align="right" | 2 131 705
| align="right" | 2.55
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 583 671
| align="right" | 771 675
| align="right" | 1 355 346
| align="right" | 1.62
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 339 767
| align="right" | 521 432
| align="right" | 861 199
| align="right" | 1.03
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 177 532
| align="right" | 289 216
| align="right" | 466 748
| align="right" | 0.56
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 53 128
| align="right" | 146 714
| align="right" | 199 842
| align="right" | 0.24
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9 784 410
| align="right" | 9 283 827
| align="right" | 19 068 237
| align="right" | 22.80
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 28 617 683
| align="right" | 27 974 887
| align="right" | 56 592 570
| align="right" | 67.68
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 3 513 892
| align="right" | 4 439 663
| align="right" | 7 953 555
| align="right" | 9.51
|-
|}

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2021):<ref name="data.tuik.gov.tr"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 42 428 101
| align="right" | 42 252 172
| align="right" | 84 680 273
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 3 033 029
| align="right" | 2 880 580
| align="right" | 5 913 609
| align="right" | 6.98
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3 398 812
| align="right" | 3 225 390
| align="right" | 6 624 202
| align="right" | 7.82
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 304 851
| align="right" | 3 133 301
| align="right" | 6 438 152
| align="right" | 7.60
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3 203 519
| align="right" | 3 026 190
| align="right" | 6 229 709
| align="right" | 7.36
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3 445 410
| align="right" | 3 296 170
| align="right" | 6 741 580
| align="right" | 7.96
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 296 919
| align="right" | 3 179 980
| align="right" | 6 476 899
| align="right" | 7.65
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 212 668
| align="right" | 3 129 119
| align="right" | 6 341 787
| align="right" | 7.49
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 228 063
| align="right" | 3 158 145
| align="right" | 6 386 208
| align="right" | 7.54
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 3 294 071
| align="right" | 3 253 091
| align="right" | 6 547 162
| align="right" | 7.73
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 838 766
| align="right" | 2 823 495
| align="right" | 5 662 261
| align="right" | 6.69
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 403 726
| align="right" | 2 350 758
| align="right" | 4 754 484
| align="right" | 5.61
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 337 304
| align="right" | 2 369 876
| align="right" | 4 707 180
| align="right" | 5.56
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 776 254
| align="right" | 1 835 662
| align="right" | 3 611 916
| align="right" | 4.27
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 508 990
| align="right" | 1 647 458
| align="right" | 3 156 448
| align="right" | 3.73
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 982 573
| align="right" | 1 192 451
| align="right" | 2 175 024
| align="right" | 2.57
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 598 307
| align="right" | 794 411
| align="right" | 1 392 718
| align="right" | 1.64
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 340 568
| align="right" | 520 841
| align="right" | 861 409
| align="right" | 1.02
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 169 807
| align="right" | 286 741
| align="right" | 456 548
| align="right" | 0.54
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 54 464
| align="right" | 148 513
| align="right" | 202 977
| align="right" | 0.24
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9 736 692
| align="right" | 9 239 271
| align="right" | 18 975 963
| align="right" | 22.41
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 29 036 700
| align="right" | 28 422 486
| align="right" | 57 459 186
| align="right" | 67.85
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 3 654 709
| align="right" | 4 590 415
| align="right" | 8 245 124
| align="right" | 9.74
|-
|}

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2022):<ref name="data.tuik.gov.tr"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 42 704 112
| align="right" | 42 575 441
| align="right" | 85 279 553
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 2 904 379
| align="right" | 2 759 241
| align="right" | 5 663 620
| align="right" | 6.64
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3 404 972
| align="right" | 3 230 105
| align="right" | 6 635 077
| align="right" | 7.78
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 303 371
| align="right" | 3 133 043
| align="right" | 6 436 414
| align="right" | 7.55
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3 244 500
| align="right" | 3 070 609
| align="right" | 6 315 109
| align="right" | 7.41
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3 388 724
| align="right" | 3 245 984
| align="right" | 6 634 708
| align="right" | 7.78
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 334 439
| align="right" | 3 218 730
| align="right" | 6 553 169
| align="right" | 7.68
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 199 028
| align="right" | 3 116 019
| align="right" | 6 315 047
| align="right" | 7.41
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 215 451
| align="right" | 3 151 290
| align="right" | 6 366 741
| align="right" | 7.47
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 3 321 873
| align="right" | 3 284 156
| align="right" | 6 606 029
| align="right" | 7.75
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 893 831
| align="right" | 2 869 703
| align="right" | 5 763 534
| align="right" | 6.76
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 543 588
| align="right" | 2 511 036
| align="right" | 5 054 624
| align="right" | 5.93
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 305 846
| align="right" | 2 321 295
| align="right" | 4 627 141
| align="right" | 5.53
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 893 862
| align="right" | 1 962 809
| align="right" | 3 856 671
| align="right" | 4.52
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 523 412
| align="right" | 1 661 877
| align="right" | 3 185 289
| align="right" | 3.74
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 1 031 897
| align="right" | 1 232 222
| align="right" | 2 264 119
| align="right" | 2.65
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 617 021
| align="right" | 827 777
| align="right" | 1 444 798
| align="right" | 1.69
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 353 290
| align="right" | 540 167
| align="right" | 893 457
| align="right" | 1.05
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 165 676
| align="right" | 284 407
| align="right" | 450 083
| align="right" | 0.53
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 58 952
| align="right" | 154 971
| align="right" | 213 923
| align="right" | 0.25
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9 612 722
| align="right" | 9 122 389
| align="right" | 18 735 111
| align="right" | 21.97
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 29 341 142
| align="right" | 28 751 631
| align="right" | 58 092 773
| align="right" | 68.12
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 3 750 248
| align="right" | 4 701 421
| align="right" | 8 451 669
| align="right" | 9.91
|-
|}

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2023):<ref name="data.tuik.gov.tr"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 42 734 071
| align="right" | 42 638 306
| align="right" | 85 372 377
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 2 741 873
| align="right" | 2 606 181
| align="right" | 5 348 054
| align="right" | 6.26
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 3 368 825
| align="right" | 3 197 661
| align="right" | 6 566 486
| align="right" | 7.69
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 3 283 764
| align="right" | 3 113 329
| align="right" | 6 397 093
| align="right" | 7.49
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 3 283 511
| align="right" | 3 113 008
| align="right" | 6 396 519
| align="right" | 7.49
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 3 317 007
| align="right" | 3 158 513
| align="right" | 6 475 520
| align="right" | 7.59
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 3 330 851
| align="right" | 3 212 210
| align="right" | 6 543 061
| align="right" | 7.66
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 3 172 482
| align="right" | 3 094 683
| align="right" | 6 267 165
| align="right" | 7.34
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 3 190 762
| align="right" | 3 138 484
| align="right" | 6 329 246
| align="right" | 7.41
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 3 298 682
| align="right" | 3 265 956
| align="right" | 6 564 638
| align="right" | 7.69
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 2 932 767
| align="right" | 2 894 024
| align="right" | 5 826 791
| align="right" | 6.83
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 2 637 680
| align="right" | 2 634 986
| align="right" | 5 272 666
| align="right" | 6.18
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 2 315 313
| align="right" | 2 311 209
| align="right" | 4 626 522
| align="right" | 5.42
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 980 198
| align="right" | 2 055 612
| align="right" | 4 035 810
| align="right" | 4.73
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 1 554 059
| align="right" | 1 686 354
| align="right" | 3 240 413
| align="right" | 3.80
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 1 077 788
| align="right" | 1 267 553
| align="right" | 2 345 341
| align="right" | 2.75
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 656 329
| align="right" | 886 599
| align="right" | 1 542 928
| align="right" | 1.81
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 357 820
| align="right" | 546 603
| align="right" | 904 423
| align="right" | 1.06
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 163 397
| align="right" | 288 413
| align="right" | 451 810
| align="right" | 0.53
|-
| align="right" | 90+
| align="right" | 70 963
| align="right" | 166 928
| align="right" | 237 891
| align="right" | 0.28
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 9 394 462
| align="right" | 8 917 171
| align="right" | 18 311 633
| align="right" | 21.45
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 29 459 253
| align="right" | 28 878 685
| align="right" | 58 337 938
| align="right" | 68.33
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 3 880 356
| align="right" | 4 842 450
| align="right" | 8 722 806
| align="right" | 10.22
|-
|}

{{Hidden end}}

== Vital statistics ==

===Registered births and deaths===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|- |-
! !
! width="80pt"|Population (01.01.) ! style="width:80pt;"|Population (31.12.)
! width="80pt"|Live births ! style="width:80pt;"|Live births
! width="80pt"|Deaths ! style="width:80pt;"|Deaths
! width="80pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000) ! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change
! width="80pt"|Total fertility rate (TFR) ! style="width:80pt;"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude death (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural increase (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Crude migration (per 1000)
! style="width:80pt;"|Total fertility rate (TFR)
|-
| 1990
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,392,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 388,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,004,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 3.11
|-
| 1991
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,390,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 391,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 999,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 3.02
|-
| 1992
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,388,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 394,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 994,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.94
|-
| 1993
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,385,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 396,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 989,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.87
|-
| 1994
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,372,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 399,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 973,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.81
|-
| 1995
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,368,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 402,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 966,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.76
|-
| 1996
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,386,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 419,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 967,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.70
|-
| 1997
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,317,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 424,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 893,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.66
|-
| 1998
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,318,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 426,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 892,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.61
|-
| 1999
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,313,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 427,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 886,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.56
|-
| 2000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,307,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 422,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 885,000
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.50
|- |-
| 2001 | 2001
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right;"|
| align="right" | 1 323 195 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,323,341
| align="right" | 175 137 | style="color:blue"| 175,137
| align="right" | 20.3 | style="color:blue"| 1,148,204
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.37 | style="text-align:right;"| 20.3
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.38
|- |-
| 2002 | 2002
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right;"|
| align="right" | 1 229 417 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,229,555
| align="right" | 175 434 | style="text-align:right;"| 175,434
| align="right" | 18.6 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,054,121
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.17 | style="text-align:right;"| 18.6
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.40
|- |-
| 2003 | 2003
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right;"|
| align="right" | 1 198 763 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,198,927
| align="right" | 184 330 | style="text-align:right;"| 184,330
| align="right" | 17.9 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,014,597
| align="right" | 2.09 | style="text-align:right;"| 17.9
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.35
|- |-
| 2004 | 2004
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right;"|
| align="right" | 1 222 242 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,222,484
| align="right" | 187 086 | style="text-align:right;"| 187,086
| align="right" | 18.0 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,035,398
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.11 | style="text-align:right;"| 18.1
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.31
|- |-
| 2005 | 2005
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right;"|
| align="right" | 1 243 513 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,244,041
| align="right" | 197 520 | style="text-align:right;"| 197,520
| align="right" | 18.1 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,046,521
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.12 | style="text-align:right;"| 18.2
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.27
|- |-
| 2006 | 2006
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right;"|
| align="right" | 1 254 157 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,255,432
| align="right" | 210 146 | style="text-align:right;"| 210,146
| align="right" | 18.1 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,045,286
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.12 | style="text-align:right;"| 18.1
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.24
|- |-
| 2007 | 2007
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right;"| 70,586,256
| align="right" | 1 287 784 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,289,992
| align="right" | 212 731 | style="text-align:right;"| 212,731
| align="right" | 18.3 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,077,261
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.16 | style="text-align:right;"| 18.3
| style="color:blue"| 3.0
| style="color:blue"| 15.3
|
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.21
|- |-
| 2008 | 2008
| align="right" | 70 586 256 | style="text-align:right;"| 71,517,100
| align="right" | 1 292 839 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,295,511
| align="right" | 215 562 | style="text-align:right;"| 215,562
| align="right" | 18.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,079,949
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.15 | style="text-align:right;"| 18.1
| style="text-align:right;"|3.0
| style="text-align:right;"|15.1
| -2.1
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.19
|- |-
| 2009 | 2009
| align="right" | 71 517 100 | style="text-align:right;"| 72,561,312
| align="right" | 1 261 299 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,266,751
| align="right" | 368 390 | style="text-align:right;"| 369,703
| align="right" | 17.5 | style="text-align:right;"| 897,048
| align="right" | 2.08 | style="text-align:right;"| 17.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.5
| 2.0
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.10
|- |-
| 2010 | 2010
| align="right" | 72 561 312 | style="text-align:right;"| 73,722,988
| align="right" | 1 253 309 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,261,169
| align="right" | 365 190 | style="text-align:right;"| 366,471
| align="right" | 17.2 | style="text-align:right;"| 894,698
| align="right" | 2.05 | style="text-align:right;"| 17.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.2
| 3.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.08
|- |-
| 2011 | 2011
| align="right" | 73 722 988 | style="text-align:right;"| 74,724,269
| align="right" | 1 237 172 | style="text-align:right;"| 1,252,812
| align="right" | | style="text-align:right;"| 376,162
| align="right" | 16.7 | style="text-align:right;"| 876,650
| align="right" style="color: red" | 2.02 | style="text-align:right;"| 16.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 11.8
| 1.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.05
|- |-
| 2012 | 2012
| align="right" | 74 724 269 | style="text-align:right;"| 75,627,384
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,294,605
| style="text-align:right;"| 376,520
| style="text-align:right;"| 918,085
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.2
| -0.2
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.11
|-
| 2013
| style="text-align:right;"| 76,667,864
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,297,505
| style="text-align:right;"| 373,041
| style="text-align:right;"| 924,464
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.1
| 1.5
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.11
|-
| 2014
| style="text-align:right;"| 77,695,904
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,351,088
| style="text-align:right;"| 391,091
| style="text-align:right;"| 959,997
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.4
| 0.9
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.19
|-
| 2015
| style="text-align:right;"| 78,741,053
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,336,908
| style="text-align:right;"| 405,528
| style="text-align:right;"| 931,380
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 11.9
| 1.4
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.16
|-
| 2016
| style="text-align:right;"| 79,814,871
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,316,204
| style="text-align:right;"| 422,964
| style="text-align:right;"| 893,240
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 11.3
| 2.3
| style="text-align:right; color:blue;"| 2.11
|-
| 2017
| style="text-align:right;"| 80,810,525
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,300,258
| style="text-align:right;"| 426,662
| style="text-align:right;"| 873,596
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.9
| 1.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.08
|-
| 2018
| style="text-align:right;"| 82,003,882
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,256,282
| style="text-align:right;"| 426,785
| style="text-align:right;"| 829,497
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.2
| 4.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.00
|-
| 2019
| style="text-align:right;"| 83,154,997
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,189,939
| style="text-align:right;"| 436,624
| style="text-align:right;"| 753,315
| style="text-align:right;"| 14.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 9.1
| 4.8
| style="text-align:right; color;"| 1.89
|-
| 2020
| style="text-align:right;"| 83,614,362
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,117,942
| style="text-align:right;"| 509,048
| style="text-align:right;"| 608,894
| style="text-align:right;"| 13.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.3
| -1.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.77
|-
| 2021
| 84,680,273
| 1,083,336
| style="color:red"| 566,485
| 516,851
| 12.9
| style="color:red"| 6.7
| 6.2
| 6.4
| 1.71
|-
| 2022
| 85,279,553
| 1,035,795
| 504,839
| 530,956
| 12.2
| 5.9
| 6.3
| 0.7
| 1.63
|-
| 2023
| 85,372,277
| style="color:red;"| 958,408
| 525,814
| style="color:red;"| 432,594
| style="color:red;"| 11.2
| 6.2
| style="color:red;"| 5.0
| -3.9
| style=" color:red;"| 1.51
|-
|}

Birth statistics of Turkey from 2001 onward are from the ] database which is available online.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=37 |title=::Welcome to Turkish Statistical Institute(TurkStat)'s Web Pages |publisher=TurkStat |access-date=2014-06-17}}</ref> Birth statistics are updated continually because MERNIS has dynamic structure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=37&ust_id=11 |title=Turkish Statistical Institute |publisher=Turkstat.gov.tr |access-date=2014-06-17}}</ref>

In 2011 Turkey had a ] of 16.7 per 1000, in 2010 17.2, down from 20.3 in 2001. The ] (TFR) in 2011 was 2.02 children per woman, in 2010 2.05. The crude birth rate in 2010 ranged from 11.5 per 1,000 in ] (TFR 1.52) (11,5;1.55 in 2011), similar to neighbouring ], to 27.9 per 1,000 in ] (TFR 3.53) (27.1;3,42 in 2011), similar to neighbouring ]. Similarly, in 2012, the TFR ranged from 1.43 in ], to 4.39 in ].<ref>{{cite web|author=Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) |url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=13618 |title=Turkish Statistical Institute Birth Statistics 2012 |publisher=Turkstat.gov.tr |date=2012-08-31 |access-date=2014-06-17}}</ref> Death statistics from MERNIS are available as of 2009. Mortality data prior to 2009 are incomplete.

===Demographic and Health Surveys===
Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhsprogram.com/|title=The DHS Program – Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs|website=Dhsprogram.com|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:50pt;"| Year
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Total)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Total)
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Urban)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Urban)
! style="width:50pt;"| CBR (Rural)
! style="width:50pt;"| TFR (Rural)
|-
| 1993
| style="text-align:right;"| 22,9
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,7 (1,8)
| style="text-align:right;"| 21,7
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,4 (1,7)
| style="text-align:right;"| 24,0
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,1 (2,0)
|-
| 1998
| style="text-align:right;"| 23,4
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,61 (1,9)
| style="text-align:right;"| 22,8
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,39 (1,9)
| style="text-align:right;"| 24,7
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,08 (2,1)
|-

|-
|}

Total fertility rate by region in Turkey by Turkish General Census (GNS) and Turkish population and health research (TNSA).<ref name="E.Murat ÖZGÜR"/>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80"|
! width="80"|South-East
! width="80"|East
! width="80"|Mediterranean
! width="80"|Black Sea
! width="80"|Central
! width="80"|Aegean
! width="80"|Marmara
! width="80"|Turkey
|-
| align="right" | TNSA 1978
| align="right" | | align="right" |
| align="right" | 6,31
| align="right" | 3,77
| align="right" | 4,99
| align="right" | 4,26
| align="right" | | align="right" |
| align="right" | 2,89
| align="right" | 4,33
|-
| align="right" | GNS 1980
| align="right" | 4,61
| align="right" | 4,64
| align="right" | 3,50
| align="right" | 3,65
| align="right" | 3,76
| align="right" | 2,81
| align="right" | 2,73
| align="right" | 3,41
|-
| align="right" | TNSA 1993
| align="right" | | align="right" |
| align="right" | 4,40
| align="right" | 2,37
| align="right" | 3,15
| align="right" | 2,44
| align="right" | | align="right" |
| align="right" | 2,03
| align="right" | 2,65
|-
| align="right" | TNSA 1998
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 4,19
| align="right" | 2,55
| align="right" | 2,68
| align="right" | 2,56
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2,03
| align="right" | 2,61
|-
| align="right" | GNS 2000
| align="right" | 4,31
| align="right" | 3,72
| align="right" | 2,43
| align="right" | 2,28
| align="right" | 2,29
| align="right" | 1,96
| align="right" | 1,88
| align="right" | 2,53
|-
| align="right" | TNSA 2003
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3,65
| align="right" | 2,30
| align="right" | 1,94
| align="right" | 1,86
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1,88
| align="right" | 2,23
|-
| align="right" | GNS rural 2000
| align="right" | 4,80
| align="right" | 4,52
| align="right" | 2,52
| align="right" | 2,56
| align="right" | 2,91
| align="right" | 2,23
| align="right" | 2,03
| align="right" | 2,87
|-
| align="right" | GNS urban 2000
| align="right" | 4,05
| align="right" | 3,08
| align="right" | 2,38
| align="right" | 2,01
| align="right" | 2,05
| align="right" | 1,80
| align="right" | 1,85
| align="right" | 2,20
|-
| align="right" | GNS metropolitan 2000
| align="right" | 3,81
| align="right" | 2,34
| align="right" | 2,41
| align="right" | 1,87
| align="right" | 1,89
| align="right" | 1,60
| align="right" | 1,83
| align="right" | 2,03
|-
|} |}


==Largest cities== ===UN estimates===
The 2018 figures from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm|title=World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision|date=2018-10-08|publisher=Esa.un.org}}</ref>
{{Largest cities in Turkey}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:80pt;"|Period
! style="width:80pt;"|Live births per year
! style="width:80pt;"|Deaths per year
! style="width:80pt;"|Natural change per year
! style="width:80pt;"|CBR{{efn|1=CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births|name=abbr}}
! style="width:80pt;"|CDR{{efn|name=abbr}}
! style="width:80pt;"|NC{{efn|name=abbr}}
! style="width:80pt;"|TFR{{efn|name=abbr}}
! style="width:80pt;"|IMR{{efn|name=abbr}}
|-
| 1950–1955
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,127,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 551,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 677,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 48.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 29.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.69
| style="text-align:right;"| 167.4
|-
| 1955–1960
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,216,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 564,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 752,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 46.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 28.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 163.9
|-
| 1960–1965
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,277,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 547,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 799,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 44.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 26.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 160.5
|-
| 1965–1970
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,343,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 527,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 792,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 40.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 16.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.80
| style="text-align:right;"| 156.9
|-
| 1970–1975
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,451,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 523,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 887,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 38.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.39
| style="text-align:right;"| 141.3
|-
| 1975–1980
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,497,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 505,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 977,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 36.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 13.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.69
| style="text-align:right;"| 119.4
|-
| 1980–1985
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,527,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 481,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,074,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 33.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 23.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.11
| style="text-align:right;"| 96.7
|-
| 1985–1990
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,431,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 454,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 976,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 27.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.39
| style="text-align:right;"| 78.0
|-
| 1990–1995
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,375,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 438,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 987,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.1
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.11
| style="text-align:right;"| 63.0
|-
| 1995–2000
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,389,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 418,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 983,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.76
| style="text-align:right;"| 45.5
|-
| 2000–2005
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,345,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 404,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 923,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 14.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.50
| style="text-align:right;"| 31.4
|-
| 2005–2010
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,309,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 415,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 932,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.7
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.9
| style="text-align:right;"| 12.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.27
| style="text-align:right;"| 24.0
|-
| 2010–2015
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,302,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 439,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 914,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 17.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 11.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.15
| style="text-align:right;"| 13.0
|-
| 2015–2020
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,281,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 473,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 808,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 15.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.8
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.10
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
| 2020–2025
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,242,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 509,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 733,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 14.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.04
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
|-
| 2025–2030
| style="text-align:right;"| 1,191,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 543,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 648,000
| style="text-align:right;"| 13.6
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.2
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.4
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.01
| style="text-align:right;"|
|-
| colspan="9"| <small>{{notelist}}</small>
|}


== Immigration ==
{{Main|Immigration to Turkey}}


=== Ottoman Empire period === ===Life expectancy===
] in Turkey since 1937]]
Throughout its history, the Ottoman Empire welcomed altogether hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of ] after 1492; political and confessional refugees from Central Europe: Russian schismatics in 17-18th centuries, ] (after rebellion), Polish and Hungarian revolutionaries after 1848, Jews escaping the pogroms and later the Shoah, White Russians fleeing the ] in 1917, Russian and other socialist or communist revolutionaries, Trotskyists fleeing the USSR in the 1930s;
]
* ''See also'' ]
]


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
=== Republican Period (since 1923) ===
|+ Life expectancy in Turkey according to the UN<ref>{{cite web|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref>
]
!Period
People moving into Turkey during the Republican Period include Muslim refugees (]) from formerly Muslim-dominated regions invaded by Christian States, like ], ] and ] from the Russian Empire, Algerian followers of Abd-el-Kader, Mahdists from Sudan, Turkmens, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz and other Central Asian Turkic-speaking peoples fleeing the USSR and later the war-torn Afghanistan, Balkan Muslims, either Turkish-speaking or ], ], ], Greek Muslims etc., fleeing either the new Christian states or later the Communist regimes, in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria for instance. <!-- There are no examples of non-Muslim Turkic refugees, apart from a few dozen Gagauz, but there are many examples of non-Turkic Moslem refugees -->
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
|-
|1950–1955
|41.01
|1985–1990
|63.04
|-
|1955–1960
|43.69
|1990–1995
|65.49
|-
|1960–1965
|47.22
|1995–2000
|68.49
|-
|1965–1970
|50.78
|2000–2005
|71.37
|-
|1970–1975
|53.75
|2005–2010
|73.37
|-
|1975–1980
|57.05
|2010–2015
|74.83
|-
|1980–1985
|60.22
|2015–2020
|77.31
|}


===Regional data ===
Since the fall of the ], there has been a considerable influx of ]ans to Turkey, particularly from the former ]. Some of them have chosen to become Turkish citizens, while others continue to live and work in Turkey as foreigners. The district of ''Laleli'' in ] is known with the nickname ''"Little Russia"'' due to its large Russian community and the numerous street signs, restaurant names, shop names and hotel names in the ].
====Birth and death rates====


{{Hidden begin
=== Property acquisition since the 1990s ===
|title= Birth and Death Rate by Region and Year
After a change in the Turkish constitution increased foreigners' right to purchase real estate in the country in 2005, a large number of people, mostly pensioners from ], bought houses in the popular tourist destinations and moved to Turkey. The largest groups, according to the volume of purchases, are the ], ], ], ], ] and ].
|titlestyle = background:#F35B5A;
}}
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Birth Rate by Region and Year{{efn|name=TurkStat footnote|All data taken from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). Data is for '''xxxx'''-12-31.}}
|-
! Region!! Population (2023) !!style="width:80pt;"|Birth Rate (TFR)/2023 !!style="width:80pt;"|Birth Rate (TFR)/2022 !!style="width:80pt;"|Birth Rate (TFR)/2021 !!style="width:80pt;"|Birth Rate (TFR)/2020 !!style="width:80pt;"|Birth Rate (TFR)/2019 !!style="width:80pt;"|Birth Rate (TFR)/2018 !!style="width:80pt;"|Birth Rate (TFR)/2017 !!style="width:80pt;"|Birth Rate (TFR)/2016 !!style="width:80pt;"| Birth Rate (TFR)/2015 !!style="width:80pt;"| Birth Rate (TFR)/2014 !!style="width:80pt;"| Birth Rate (TFR)/2013 !!style="width:80pt;"| Birth Rate (TFR)/2012 !!style="width:80pt;"| Birth Rate (TFR)/2011 !!style="width:80pt;"| Birth Rate (TFR)/2010 !!style="width:80pt;"| Birth Rate (TFR)/2009
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |''']''' ||'''{{nts|85 372 377}}'''||'''11.2 (1.51)'''||'''12.2 (1.62)'''||'''12.9 (1.71)'''||'''13.4 (1.77)'''||'''14.4 (1.89)'''||'''15.4 (2.00)'''||'''16.2 (2.08)'''||'''16.6 (2.11)'''||'''17.1 (2.16)'''||'''17.5 (2.19)'''||'''17.0 (2.11)'''||'''17.2 (2.11)'''||'''16.9 (2.05)'''||'''17.2 (2.08)'''||'''17.6 (2.10)'''
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|15 655 924}}||'''9.9 (1.20)'''||'''10.7 (1.29)'''||'''11.5 (1.39)'''||'''12.4 (1.48)'''||'''13.6 (1.60)'''||'''14.8 (1.73)'''||15.6 (1.80)||16.3 (1.86)||16.7 (1.88)||17.0 (1.89)||16.4 (1.81)||16.5 (1.80)||15.9 (1.72)||16.3 (1.77)||16.4 (1.77)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 808 146}}||'''8.9 (1.35)'''||'''9.4 (1.41)'''||'''9.6 (1.43)'''||'''10.1 (1.50)'''||'''10.6 (1.57)'''||'''11.5 (1.67)'''||11.8 (1.70)||11.9 (1.69)||12.0 (1.69)||12.1 (1.69)||11.9 (1.64)||11.9 (1.63)||11.6 (1.57)||11.5 (1.54)||11.7 (1.54)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 946 780}}||'''9.2 (1.34)'''||'''9.8 (1.41)'''||'''10.2 (1.45)'''||'''10.7 (1.50)'''||'''11.4 (1.58)'''||'''12.2 (1.68)'''||12.9 (1.75)||13.2 (1.76)||13.6 (1.80)||13.8 (1.80)||13.4 (1.73)||13.7 (1.74)||13.2 (1.66)||13.3 (1.66)||13.7 (1.69)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|8 598 503}}||'''10.4 (1.41)'''||'''11.0 (1.48)'''||'''11.7 (1.56)'''||'''12.2 (1.61)'''||'''13.2 (1.72)'''||'''14.2 (1.83)'''||14.6 (1.87)||15.0 (1.89)||15.2 (1.90)||15.3 (1.88)||14.8 (1.80)||15.0 (1.80)||14.5 (1.71)||14.8 (1.74)||15.2 (1.77)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|8 387 683}}||'''10.2 (1.33)'''||'''10.9 (1.42)'''||'''11.4 (1.48)'''||'''12.0 (1.55)'''||'''13.0 (1.66)'''||'''14.1 (1.78)'''||14.7 (1.84)||15.1 (1.87)||15.5 (1.90)||15.8 (1.91)||15.4 (1.85)||15.4 (1.83)||15.2 (1.79)||15.4 (1.80)||15.8 (1.83)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 851 089}}||'''11.1 (1.57)'''||'''12.2 (1.71)'''||'''12.8 (1.77)'''||'''13.3 (1.83)'''||'''14.3 (1.96)'''||'''15.4 (2.08)'''||16.3 (2.18)||17.0 (2.24)||17.5 (2.29)||18.0 (2.32)||17.6 (2.24)||17.8 (2.23)||17.3 (2.14)||17.8 (2.18)||18.3 (2.20)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 181 284}}||'''10.4 (1.45)'''||'''11.3 (1.56)'''||'''11.8 (1.62)'''||'''12.3 (1.68)'''||'''13.2 (1.79)'''||'''14.1 (1.89)'''||14.9 (1.99)||15.4 (2.05)||15.8 (2.09)||16.4 (2.14)||16.0 (2.06)||16.3 (2.07)||16.4 (2.06)||16.7 (2.08)||17.6 (2.16)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 730 539}}||'''8.4 (1.28)'''||'''9.0 (1.35)'''||'''9.4 (1.41)'''||'''9.8 (1.47)'''||'''10.6 (1.57)'''||'''11.2 (1.63)'''||11.6 (1.67)||11.9 (1.69)||12.2 (1.73)||12.7 (1.77)||12.8 (1.76)||13.0 (1.77)||13.0 (1.74)||13.6 (1.79)||14.2 (1.84)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 733 265}}||'''8.8 (1.34)'''||'''9.3 (1.39)'''||'''9.8 (1.45)'''||'''10.3 (1.52)'''||'''11.0 (1.61)'''||'''11.6 (1.69)'''||12.0 (1.73)||12.3 (1.77)||12.5 (1.78)||12.8 (1.81)||12.8 (1.77)||13.0 (1.78)||13.1 (1.77)||13.6 (1.81)||14.1 (1.86)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 171 569}}||'''13.6 (1.75)'''||'''15.0 (1.92)'''||'''16.5 (2.11)'''||'''17.1 (2.18)'''||'''18.4 (2.36)'''||'''19.1 (2.45)'''||20.6 (2.64)||21.2 (2.72)||21.7 (2.79)||22.7 (2.90)||22.4 (2.85)||22.8 (2.90)||22.9 (2.90)||23.4 (2.97)||23.1 (2.91)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 896 971}}||'''14.3 (1.81)'''||'''16.0 (2.01)'''||'''16.8 (2.12)'''||'''17.8 (2.23)'''||'''19.3 (2.43)'''||'''20.0 (2.52)'''||21.1 (2.65)||21.2 (2.67)||21.9 (2.75)||23.0 (2.87)||22.6 (2.83)||22.5 (2.82)||22.9 (2.85)||23.6 (2.95)||23.9 (3.00)
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|9 410 624}}||'''19.3 (2.45)'''||'''21.3 (2.71)'''||'''22.7 (2.86)'''||'''22.5 (2.84)'''||'''23.8 (3.03)'''||'''25.5 (3.23)'''||26.6 (3.36)||26.7 (3.38)||27.8 (3.52)||28.7 (3.63)||27.6 (3.48)||28.0 (3.53)||27.7 (3.48)||28.2 (3.57)||28.3 (3.59)
|-
|}


{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
== Religion ==
|+ Death Rate by Region and Year{{efn|name=TurkStat footnote}}
{{Main|Religion in Turkey|Islam in Turkey|Secularism in Turkey}}
|-
! Region!! Population (2023) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2023) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2022) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2021) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2020) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2019) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2018) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2017) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2016) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2015) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2014) !!style="width:80pt;"|Death Rate (2013) !!style="width:80pt;"| Death Rate (2012) !!style="width:80pt;"| Death Rate (2011) !!style="width:80pt;"| Death Rate (2010)!!style="width:80pt;"| Death Rate (2009)
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |''']''' ||'''{{nts|85 372 377}}''' ||'''6.2'''||'''5.9'''||'''6.7'''||'''6.1'''||'''5.3'''||'''5.2'''||'''5.3'''||'''5.3'''||'''5.2''' ||'''5.1'''||'''4.9'''||'''5.0'''||'''5.1'''||'''5.0'''||'''5.1'''
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|15 655 924}} ||4.4||4.6||5.4||4.9||4.2||4.2||4.2||4.2||4.1||4.1||3.9||4.0||4.0||4.0||4.2
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 808 146}} ||8.3||9.0||9.8||8.1||7.7||7.8||7.8||7.7||7.8||7.5||7.1||7.3||7.3||7.3||7.3
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 946 780}} ||7.1||7.7||8.2||7.5||6.7||6.6||6.6||6.6||6.4||6.1||5.9||6.2||6.2||5.9||6.0
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|8 598 503}} ||5.9||6.3||7.3||6.3||5.6||5.7||5.7||5.7||5.7||5.5||5.4||5.5||5.5||5.5||5.6
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|8 387 683}} ||5.3||5.5||6.2||6.1||5.0||5.0||5.0||4.9||4.7||4.7||4.5||4.6||4.7||4.6||4.8
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 851 089}} ||8.5||5.7||6.5||5.8||5.0||4.9||4.9||5.0||4.8||4.6||4.5||4.5||4.5||4.5||4.5
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 181 284}} ||6.3||6.7||7.8||7.1||5.9||5.9||6.1||6.1||5.9||5.8||5.5||5.5||5.7||5.5||5.7
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 730 539}} ||8.1||8.8||9.9||8.5||7.6||7.6||7.6||7.6||7.4||7.3||6.9||7.0||7.0||6.8||7.0
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 733 265}} ||7.6||8.7||9.6||8.0||7.2||7.0||7.3||7.0||6.9||6.8||6.3||6.5||6.5||6.2||6.4
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 171 569}} ||4.9||5.2||6.1||5.7||4.9||5.0||5.0||5.0||5.0||4.9||4.8||5.0||5.4||5.0||5.1
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 896 971}} ||4.5||4.3||5.2||5.1||4.1||4.0||4.2||4.2||4.1||4.1||4.1||4.1||4.5||4.4||4.5
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|9 410 624}} ||4.9||3.5||4.3||4.2||3.5||3.3||3.4||3.7||3.4||3.5||3.4||3.5||3.6||3.7||3.8
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}


====Regional births and deaths====
There are no statistics of people's religious beliefs nor is it asked in the census. According to the government, 99.8% of the Turkish population is ], mostly ], some 10 to 15 million are ]s.<ref name=CIA>{{cite book|title=The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition|first=David|last=Shankland|publisher=Routledge (UK)|location=|year=2003|isbn=0-7007-1606-8|url=http://books.google.com/?id=lFFRzTqLp6AC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=Religion+in+Turkey }}</ref> The remaining 0.2% is other - mostly Christians and Jews.<ref name="ciawfb">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html |title=CIA World Factbook|month=March | year=2011|accessdate=2011-03-03 |publisher=]}}</ref> The ] Poll 2005 reported that in a poll 96% of Turkish citizens answered that "they believe there is a God", while 1% responded that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force".<ref name=Eurobarometer>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf|title=Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005|accessdate=2007-12-18|publisher=]|format=PDF}}</ref> In a ] survey, 53% of Turkey's Muslims said that "religion is very important in their lives".<ref>{{cite web |title=Lebanon's Muslims: Relatively Secular and Pro-Christian |url=http://pewresearch.org/pubs/41/lebanons-muslims-relatively-secular-and-pro-christian |author=Richard Wike and Juliana Menasce Horowitz |publisher=Pew Global Attitudes Project}}</ref> Based on the Gallup Poll 2006-08, Turkey was defined as ''More religious'', in which over 63 percent of people believe religion is important.<ref></ref><ref></ref> According to the ], 62% of women wear the headscarf or ] in Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1752230.ece |title=Head scarves to topple secular Turkey? |first=Christina |last=Lamb |date=2007-04-23 | location=London | work=The Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1752230.ece |title=Headscarf war threatens to split Turkey |work=Times Online |date=2007-05-06 | location=London | first1=Christina | last1=Lamb}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.salon.com/mwt/broadsheet/2007/04/23/headscarf/ |title=Head scarves to topple secular Turkey? |work=] |first=Tracy
|last=Clark-Flory |accessdate=2008-08-04 |date=2007-04-23}}</ref> 33% of male Muslim citizens regularly attend Friday prayers.


{{Hidden begin
'''Religious groups according to estimates''':<ref name=CIA/><ref> U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 2009-09-15.</ref>
|title= Absolute Births and Deaths by Region and Year
|titlestyle = background:#F35B5A;
}}
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Absolute Births by Region and Year{{efn|name=TurkStat footnote}}
|-
! Region!! Population (2023) !!style="width:72pt;|Births (2023) !!style="width:72pt;"|Births (2022) !!style="width:72pt;"|Births (2021) !!style="width:72pt;"|Births (2020) !!style="width:72pt;"|Births (2019) !!style="width:72pt;"|Births (2018) !!style="width:72pt;"|Births (2017) !!style="width:72pt;"|Births (2016) !!style="width:72pt;"| Births (2015) !!style="width:72pt;"| Births (2014) !!style="width:72pt;"| Births (2013) !!style="width:72pt;"| Births (2012) !!style="width:72pt;"| Births (2011) !!style="width:72pt;"| Births (2010) !!style="width:72pt;"| Births (2009)
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |''']'''||'''{{nts|85 372 377}}'''||'''{{nts|958408}}'''||'''{{nts|1035795}}'''||'''{{nts|1083336}}'''||'''{{nts|1117942}}''' ||'''{{nts|1189939}}'''||'''{{nts|1256282}}'''||'''{{nts|1300258}}'''||'''{{nts|1316204}}''' ||'''{{nts|1336908}}'''||'''{{nts|1351088}}'''||'''{{nts|1297505}}'''||'''{{nts|1294605}}''' ||'''{{nts|1252812}}'''||'''{{nts|1261169}}'''||'''{{nts|1266751}}'''
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|15 655 924}}||{{nts|156708}}||{{nts|170084}}||{{nts|180718}}||{{nts|192424}}||{{nts|208264}}||{{nts|223013}}||{{nts|233220}}||{{nts|240027}}||{{nts|242888}}||{{nts|242397}}||{{nts|229390}}||{{nts|226594}}||{{nts|213441}}||{{nts|213821}}||{{nts|210441}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 808 146}}||{{nts|33782}}||{{nts|34812}}||{{nts|35060}}||{{nts|36522}}||{{nts|38159}}||{{nts|40590}}||{{nts|40933}}||{{nts|40495}} ||{{nts|40391}}||{{nts|40138}}||{{nts|38806}}||{{nts|38517}}||{{nts|37058}}||{{nts|36284}}||{{nts|36400}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 946 780}}||{{nts|100371}}||{{nts|106284}}||{{nts|109564}}||{{nts|113538}}||{{nts|120023}}||{{nts|127579}}||{{nts|132868}}||{{nts|134176}} ||{{nts|137187}}||{{nts|137438}}||{{nts|132299}}||{{nts|133419}}||{{nts|127833}}||{{nts|128112}}||{{nts|129927}}
|-
| align="left" |]||{{nts|8 598 503}}||{{nts|89106}}||{{nts|93238}}||{{nts|97590}}||{{nts|99942}}||{{nts|106064}}||{{nts|112164}}||{{nts|113462}}||{{nts|113585}}||{{nts|112635}}||{{nts|111115}}||{{nts|105761}}||{{nts|105203}}||{{nts|99704}}||{{nts|100386}}||{{nts|100928}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|8 387 683}}||{{nts|85363}}||{{nts|90738}}||{{nts|93796}}||{{nts|98139}}||{{nts|104588}}||{{nts|111376}}||{{nts|115079}}||{{nts|116456}}||{{nts|117694}}||{{nts|117405}}||{{nts|112593}}||{{nts|111279}}||{{nts|108026}}||{{nts|106921}}||{{nts|107734}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 851 089}}||{{nts|121168}}||{{nts|134115}}||{{nts|138127}}||{{nts|142483}}||{{nts|150950}}||{{nts|159689}}||{{nts|166815}}||{{nts|171561}}||{{nts|174874}}||{{nts|177272}}||{{nts|170686}}||{{nts|169985}}||{{nts|163817}}||{{nts|166123}}||{{nts|167506}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 181 284}}||{{nts|43099}}||{{nts|46628}}||{{nts|48257}}||{{nts|50332}}||{{nts|53825}} ||{{nts|56527}}||{{nts|58933}}||{{nts|60381}}||{{nts|61569}}||{{nts|63446}}||{{nts|61669}}||{{nts|62634}}||{{nts|62989}}||{{nts|64216}}||{{nts|67174}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 730 539}}||{{nts|39272}}||{{nts|41807}}||{{nts|43903}}||{{nts|45773}}||{{nts|49595}}||{{nts|51705}}||{{nts|52779}}||{{nts|53722}}||{{nts|54995}}||{{nts|57099}}||{{nts|57369}}||{{nts|58377}}||{{nts|58511}}||{{nts|61393}}||{{nts|63972}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 733 265}}||{{nts|23931}}||{{nts|25073}}||{{nts|26202}}||{{nts|27682}}||{{nts|29627}}||{{nts|31002}}||{{nts|31556}}||{{nts|32092}}||{{nts|32144}}||{{nts|32817}}||{{nts|32558}}||{{nts|32774}}||{{nts|32836}}||{{nts|34272}}||{{nts|35565}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 171 569}}||{{nts|29457}}||{{nts|32640}}||{{nts|36004}}||{{nts|37557}}||{{nts|40613}}||{{nts|41915}}||{{nts|45262}}||{{nts|46609}}||{{nts|47720}}||{{nts|49996}}||{{nts|49605}}||{{nts|50781}}||{{nts|50779}}||{{nts|51578}}||{{nts|50778}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 896 971}}||{{nts|55850}}||{{nts|62761}}||{{nts|66389}}||{{nts|70007}}||{{nts|75717}}||{{nts|77860}}||{{nts|81133}}||{{nts|81298}}||{{nts|83682}}||{{nts|87027}}||{{nts|84963}}||{{nts|84018}}||{{nts|84344}}||{{nts|86055}}||{{nts|86812}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|9 410 624}}||{{nts|180301}}||{{nts|197615}}||{{nts|207726}}||{{nts|203543}}||{{nts|212514}}||{{nts|222862}}||{{nts|228218}}||{{nts|225802}}||{{nts|231129}}||{{nts|234938}}||{{nts|221806}}||{{nts|221024}}||{{nts|213474}}||{{nts|212008}}||{{nts|209514}}
|-
|}


{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
* ] - 96.83% (80-85% ], 15-20% ])
|+ Absolute Deaths by Region and Year{{efn|name=TurkStat footnote}}
* ] - 0.13% (60% ], 20% ], 10% ], 8% ], 2% ])
|-
* ] - 0.03% (96% ], 4% ])
! Region!! Population (2023) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2023) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2022) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2021) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2020) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2019) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2018) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2017) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2016) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2015) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2014) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2013) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2012) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2011) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2010) !!style="width:72pt;"| Deaths (2009)
* ] - 0.01%
|- class="sortbottom"
* ] - 3%
| align="left" |''']''' ||'''{{nts|85 372 377}}''' ||'''{{nts|525814}}'''||'''{{nts|504839}}'''||'''{{nts|566485}}'''||'''{{nts|509048}}'''||'''{{nts|436624}}''' ||'''{{nts|426785}}'''||'''{{nts|426662}}'''||'''{{nts|422964}}'''||'''{{nts|405528}}'''||'''{{nts|391091}}''' ||'''{{nts|373041}}'''||'''{{nts|376520}}'''||'''{{nts|376162}}'''||'''{{nts|366471}}'''||'''{{nts|369703}}'''
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|15 655 924}}||{{nts|69937}}||{{nts|73751}}||{{nts|84243}}||{{nts|76407}}||{{nts|63486}}||{{nts|62594}}||{{nts|63372}}||{{nts|62572}}||{{nts|60093}}||{{nts|58009}}||{{nts|54770}}||{{nts|54696}}||{{nts|53165}}||{{nts|52812}}||{{nts|53761}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 808 146}}||{{nts|31176}}||{{nts|33315}}||{{nts|35752}}||{{nts|29385}}||{{nts|27589}}||{{nts|27456}}||{{nts|27219}}||{{nts|26416}}||{{nts|26145}}||{{nts|24864}}||{{nts|23229}}||{{nts|23496}}||{{nts|23167}}||{{nts|23007}}||{{nts|22687}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 946 780}}||{{nts|78002}}||{{nts|83124}}||{{nts|87904}}||{{nts|79805}}||{{nts|71047}}||{{nts|68644}}||{{nts|68475}}||{{nts|67699}}||{{nts|64844}}||{{nts|61126}}||{{nts|57651}}||{{nts|60234}}||{{nts|59623}}||{{nts|56658}}||{{nts|57068}}
|-
| align="left" |]||{{nts|8 598 503}}||{{nts|50441}}||{{nts|53615}}||{{nts|60288}}||{{nts|51536}}||{{nts|45264}}||{{nts|44858}}||{{nts|44250}}||{{nts|43628}}||{{nts|41991}}||{{nts|40007}}||{{nts|38291}}||{{nts|38220}}||{{nts|38094}}||{{nts|37526}}||{{nts|37379}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|8 387 683}}||{{nts|44744}}||{{nts|45783}}||{{nts|51273}}||{{nts|50005}}||{{nts|39814}}||{{nts|39382}}||{{nts|38910}}||{{nts|37765}}||{{nts|35814}}||{{nts|34589}}||{{nts|33219}}||{{nts|33369}}||{{nts|33097}}||{{nts|32270}}||{{nts|32976}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 851 089}}||{{nts|92609}}||{{nts|62678}}||{{nts|69851}}||{{nts|61592}}||{{nts|52801}}||{{nts|50776}}||{{nts|50533}}||{{nts|50229}}||{{nts|47411}}||{{nts|45439}}||{{nts|43949}}||{{nts|43404}}||{{nts|42900}}||{{nts|41834}}||{{nts|41264}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 181 284}}||{{nts|26311}}||{{nts|27462}}||{{nts|31862}}||{{nts|28802}}||{{nts|24198}}||{{nts|23890}}||{{nts|24005}}||{{nts|23914}}||{{nts|23086}}||{{nts|22379}}||{{nts|21238}}||{{nts|21049}}||{{nts|21873}}||{{nts|21299}}||{{nts|21582}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 730 539}}||{{nts|38210}}||{{nts|40926}}||{{nts|46100}}||{{nts|39595}}||{{nts|35366}}||{{nts|34984}}||{{nts|34748}}||{{nts|34359}}||{{nts|33355}}||{{nts|32772}}||{{nts|31011}}||{{nts|31476}}||{{nts|31651}}||{{nts|30541}}||{{nts|31279}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 733 265}}||{{nts|20728}}||{{nts|23365}}||{{nts|25906}}||{{nts|21342}}||{{nts|19345}}||{{nts|18606}}||{{nts|19183}}||{{nts|18339}}||{{nts|17672}}||{{nts|17292}}||{{nts|15996}}||{{nts|16504}}||{{nts|16266}}||{{nts|15574}}||{{nts|16158}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 171 569}}||{{nts|10688}}||{{nts|11344}}||{{nts|13370}}||{{nts|12564}}||{{nts|10779}}||{{nts|10900}}||{{nts|10915}}||{{nts|11020}}||{{nts|11013}}||{{nts|10787}}||{{nts|10667}}||{{nts|11052}}||{{nts|11870}}||{{nts|10955}}||{{nts|11154}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 896 971}}||{{nts|17528}}||{{nts|16953}}||{{nts|20460}}||{{nts|19979}}||{{nts|15969}}||{{nts|15530}}||{{nts|16086}}||{{nts|16132}}||{{nts|15685}}||{{nts|15441}}||{{nts|15430}}||{{nts|15419}}||{{nts|16551}}||{{nts|16114}}||{{nts|16491}}
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|9 410 624}}||{{nts|45440}}||{{nts|32523}}||{{nts|39476}}||{{nts|38036}}||{{nts|30966}}||{{nts|29165}}||{{nts|28966}}||{{nts|30891}}||{{nts|28419}}||{{nts|28386}}||{{nts|27590}}||{{nts|27601}}||{{nts|27905}}||{{nts|27881}}||{{nts|27904}}
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}


====Regional natural increase====
The vast majority of the present-day Turkish people are ] and the most popular sect is the ] school of ], which was officially espoused by the ]; according to the KONDA Research and Consultancy survey carried out throughout Turkey on 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.konda.com.tr/html/dosyalar/ghdl&t_en.pdf |format=PDF|title=Religion, Secularism and the Veil in daily life |author=KONDA Research and Consultancy |publisher=Milliyet |date=2007-09-08}}</ref>:
{{Hidden begin
|title= Natural Increase by Region and Year
|titlestyle = background:#F35B5A;
}}
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ Natural Increase by Region and Year{{efn|name=TurkStat footnote}}
|-
! Region!! Population (2023) !!style="width:80pt;"|Natural Increase (2022)||Natural Increase (2021)||Natural Increase (2020)||Natural Increase (2019)||Natural Increase (2018)||Natural Increase (2017)|| Natural Increase (2016)|| Natural Increase (2015)|| Natural Increase (2014)|| Natural Increase (2013)|| Natural Increase (2012)|| Natural Increase (2011) || Natural Increase (2010)|| Natural Increase (2009)
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |''']''' ||'''{{nts|85 372 377}}''' ||'''530 956/6.3'''||'''516 851/6.2'''||'''608 894/7.3'''||'''753 315/9.1'''||'''829 497/10.2'''||'''873 596/10.9'''||'''893 240/11.3'''||'''931 380/11.9'''||'''959 997/12.4'''||'''924 464/12.1'''||'''918 085/12.2'''||'''876 650/11.8'''||'''894 698/12.2'''||'''897 048/12.5'''
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|15 655 924}}||96 333/6.1||96 475/6.1||116 017/7.5||144 778/9.4||160 419/10.6||169 848/11.4||177 455/12.0||182 795/12.6||184 388/12.9||174 620/12.5||171 898/12.5||160 276/11.9||161 009/12.3||156 680/12.2
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 808 146}}||1 497/0.4||-692/-0.2||7 137/2.0||10 570/2.9||13 134/3.7||13 714/3.9||14 079/4.1||14 246/4.2||15 274/4.6||15 577/4.8||15 021/4.7||13 891/4.4||13 277/4.2||13 713/4.4
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 946 780}}||23 160/2.1||21 660/2.0||33 733/3.2||48 976/4.7||58 935/5.6||64 393/6.2||66 477/6.5||72 343/7.2||76 312/7.7||74 648/7.6||73 185/7.5||68 210/7.0||71 454/7.4||72 859/7.7
|-
| align="left" |]||8 598 503||39 623/4.7||37 302/4.4||48 406/5.9||60 800/7.6||67 306/8.5||69 212/8.9||69 957/9.2||70 644/9.5||71 108/9.8||67 470/9.5||66 983/9.6||61 610/8.9||62 860/9.3||63 549/9.6
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|8 387 683}}||44 955/5.4||42 523/5.2||48 134/5.9||64 774/8.0||71 994/9.1||76 169/9.7||78 691/10.2||81 880/10.8||82 816/11.1||79 374/10.9||77 910/10.8||74 929/10.6||74 651/10.7||74 758/11.0
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|10 851 089}}||71 437/6.5||68 276/6.3||80 891/7.5||98 149/9.3||108 913/10.5||116 282/11.4||121 332/12.0||127 463/12.8||131 833/13.4||126 737/13.1||126 581/13.2||120 917/12.8||124 289/13.3||126 242/13.8
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 181 284}}||19 166/4.6||16 395/4.0||21 530/5.2||29 627/7.3||32 637/8.2||34 928/8.8||36 467/9.3||38 483/9.9||41 067/10.6||40 431/10.5||41 585/10.8||41 116/10.7||42 917/11.2||45 592/12.0
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|4 730 539}}||881/0.2||-2 197/-0.5||6 178/1.3||14 229/3.0||16 721/3.6||18 031/4.0||19 363/4.3||21 640/4.8||24 327/5.4||26 358/5.9||26 901/6.0||26 860/6.0||30 852/6.8||32 693/7.3
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 733 265}}||1 708/0.6||296/0.2||6 340/2.3||10 282/3.8||12 396/4.6||12 373/4.7||13 753/5.3||14 472/5.6||15 525/6.1||16 562/6.5||16 270/6.4||16 570/6.6||18 698/7.4||19 407/7.7
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|2 171 569}}||21 296/9.8||22 634/10.4||24 993/11.4||29 834/13.5||31 015/14.1||34 347/15.6||35 589/16.2||36 707/16.7||39 209/17.8||38 938/17.6||39 729/17.8||38 909/17.6||40 623/18.5||39 624/18.0
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|3 896 971}}||45 808/11.7||45 929/11.6||50 028/12.7||59 748/15.2||62 330/16.0||65 047/16.9||65 166/17.0||67 997/17.8||71 586/18.9||69 533/18.5||68 599/18.4||67 793/18.4||69 941/19.2||70 321/19.4
|-
| align="left" |] ||{{nts|9 410 624}}||165 092/17.8||168 250/18.4||165 507/18.3||181 548/20.3||193 697/22.2||199 252/23.2||194 911/23.1||202 710/24.4||206 552/25.3||194 216/24.2||193 423/24.5||185 569/24.1||184 127/24.5||181 610/24.5
|-
|}


{{Hidden end}}
* '''40.8%''' defined themselves as ''"a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations''" (Religious)
* '''42.3 %''' defined themselves as ''""a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations"'' (Not religious).
* '''2.5%''' defined themselves as ''"a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations"'' (Fully devout).
* '''10.3%''' defined themselves as "''someone who does not believe in religious obligations"'' (Non-believer).
* ''' 4.1%''' defined themselves as "''someone with no religious conviction"'' (Atheist).


====Regional total fertility rate (TFR)====
== Ethnic groups ==
{{Hidden begin
{{See also|Minorities in Turkey}}
|title= Total fertility rate (TFR) by province and year
|titlestyle = background:#F35B5A;
}}
Figures from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat):<ref name="TurkStat">{{cite web|title=TurkStat|url=http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=1452|publisher=TurkStat|access-date=2015-03-22|date=2013}}</ref>
]
[[File:Turkey total fertility rate by province 1980.png|thumb|Total fertility rate by province 1980<ref name="TurkStat"/>
{| width=100%
|-
| valign=right |
{{legend|#ff0000|5–6}}
{{legend|#ff6500|4–5}}
{{legend|#ffff00|3–4}}
{{legend|#0cff00|2–3}}
{{legend|#24e0d9|1.5 – 2}}
{{legend|#3aafe0|1 – 1.5}}
|}
]]
]
]
]


]
The word ] also has a wider meaning in a historical context because, at times, especially in the past, it has been used to refer to all Muslim inhabitants of the ] irrespective of their ethnicity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/92/T0419200.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition - "Turk"|author=American Heritage Dictionary|authorlink=American Heritage Dictionary|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|accessdate=2006-12-27|year=2000}}</ref>
The question of ] in modern Turkey is a highly debated and difficult issue. Figures published in several different sources prove this difficulty by varying greatly.


]
It is necessary to take into account all these difficulties and be cautious while evaluating the ethnic groups. A possible list of ethnic groups living in Turkey could be as follows:<ref>Andrews, Peter A. ''Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey.'', Beiheft Nr. B 60, Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Wiesbaden: Reichert Publications, 1989, ISBN 3-89500-297-6 ; + 2nd enlarged edition in 2 vols., 2002, ISBN 3-89500-229-1</ref>

]

]

]

[[File:Turkey fertility rate development by province 2009-2015.png|thumb|Total fertility rate development by province 2009–2015<ref name="TurkStat"/>
{| width=100%
|-
| valign=right |
{{legend|#024600|> 12%}}
{{legend|#22b01f|8 to 12%}}
{{legend|#4cff48|4 to 8%}}
{{legend|#a9ffa7|0 to 4%}}
{{legend|#ffc3c3|-4 to 0%}}
{{legend|#ff8181|-8 to −4%}}
{{legend|#ff1313|-12 to −8%}}
{{legend|#7e2121|< -12%}}
|}
]]
{| class="sortable wikitable" align=left align=top border=1 cellpadding=6 cellspacing=0 background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; text-align:left; font-size: 100%;"
! style="width:120pt;"|Province
! style="width:80pt;"|Population (2023)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=1595|title=İllerin aldığı, verdiği göç, net göç ve net göç hızı, 1980–2018|website=Turk.gov.ty|access-date=8 November 2017|archive-date=16 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316020515/http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=1595|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (1980)<ref name="E.Murat ÖZGÜR">{{cite web|title=Spatial Distribution of Total Fertility Rate in Turkey|url=http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/33/825/10466.pdf|publisher=]|access-date=2016-05-16|date=2004}}</ref>
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2000)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2009)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2010)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2011)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2012)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2013)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2014)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2015)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2016)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2017)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2018)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2019)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2020)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2021)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2022)
! style="width:35pt;"|TFR (2023)
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 85 372 377
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''2.12'''
| align="right" | '''2.08'''
| align="right" | '''2.05'''
| align="right" | '''2.11'''
| align="right" | '''2.10'''
| align="right" | '''2.18'''
| align="right" | '''2.15'''
| align="right" | '''2.11'''
| align="right" | '''2.07'''
| align="right" | '''1.99'''
| align="right" | '''1.88'''
| align="right" | '''1.76'''
| align="right" | '''1.71'''
| align="right" | '''1.62'''
| align="right" | '''1.51'''
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 15 655 924
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.72'''
| align="right" | '''1.80'''
| align="right" | '''1.81'''
| align="right" | '''1.89'''
| align="right" | '''1.88'''
| align="right" | '''1.86'''
| align="right" | '''1.80'''
| align="right" | '''1.73'''
| align="right" | '''1.60'''
| align="right" | '''1.48'''
| align="right" | '''1.39'''
| align="right" | '''1.29'''
| align="right" | '''1.20'''
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 3 808 146
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''1.54'''
| align="right" | '''1.54'''
| align="right" | '''1.57'''
| align="right" | '''1.63'''
| align="right" | '''1.64'''
| align="right" | '''1.69'''
| align="right" | '''1.69'''
| align="right" | '''1.68'''
| align="right" | '''1.69'''
| align="right" | '''1.66'''
| align="right" | '''1.56'''
| align="right" | '''1.49'''
| align="right" | '''1.43'''
| align="right" | '''1.41'''
| align="right" | '''1.35'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 167 059
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.88
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.45
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 419 913
| align="right" | 2.41
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.45
| align="right" | 1.51
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.34
| align="right" | 1.34
| align="right" | 1.31
| align="right" | 1.31
| align="right" | 1.23
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 377 156
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.35
| align="right" | 1.45
| align="right" | 1.45
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.40
| align="right" | 1.30
| align="right" | 1.31
| align="right" | 1.24
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 273 519
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.95
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.41
| align="right" | 1.42
| align="right" | 1.36
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 570 499
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.44
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.52
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.32
| align="right" | 1.28
| align="right" | 1.29
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 10 946 780
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''1.69'''
| align="right" | '''1.66'''
| align="right" | '''1.66'''
| align="right" | '''1.74'''
| align="right" | '''1.73'''
| align="right" | '''1.80'''
| align="right" | '''1.80'''
| align="right" | '''1.76'''
| align="right" | '''1.74'''
| align="right" | '''1.67'''
| align="right" | '''1.57'''
| align="right" | '''1.49'''
| align="right" | '''1.45'''
| align="right" | '''1.41'''
| align="right" | '''1.34'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 4 479 525
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.36
| align="right" | 1.31
| align="right" | 1.22
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 161 702
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.12
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.42
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 059 082
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.19
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.61
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 1.41
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 066 736
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.35
| align="right" | 1.29
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 475 716
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.14
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.89
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.61
| align="right" | 1.57
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 751 344
| align="right" | 3.74
| align="right" | 2.82
| align="right" | 2.06
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 2.03
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 2.09
| align="right" | 2.08
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 1.97
| align="right" | 1.89
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.61
| align="right" | 1.53
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 575 674
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.19
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.52
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.52
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.34
| align="right" | 1.31
| align="right" | 1.21
| align="right" | 1.18
| align="right" | 1.16
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 377 001
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.44
| align="right" | 1.37
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.32
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 8 598 503
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.74'''
| align="right" | '''1.71'''
| align="right" | '''1.80'''
| align="right" | '''1.80'''
| align="right" | '''1.88'''
| align="right" | '''1.89'''
| align="right" | '''1.89'''
| align="right" | '''1.86'''
| align="right" | '''1.83'''
| align="right" | '''1.71'''
| align="right" | '''1.61'''
| align="right" | '''1.56'''
| align="right" | '''1.48'''
| align="right" | '''1.41'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 3 214 571
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.90
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.88
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 1.41
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 915 418
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.40
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.40
| align="right" | 1.35
| align="right" | 1.35
| align="right" | 1.29
| align="right" | 1.20
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 228 058
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.45
| align="right" | 1.40
| align="right" | 1.38
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 2 102 907
| align="right" | 3.23
| align="right" | 2.13
| align="right" | 1.90
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 2.04
| align="right" | 2.07
| align="right" | 2.04
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.49
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 098 115
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2,23
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.95
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.52
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 409 865
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.81
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.90
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.90
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.43
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 324 789
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.52
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 1.36
| align="right" | 1.37
| align="right" | 1.31
| align="right" | 1.24
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 304 780
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.81
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.88
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.31
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 8 387 683
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''1.83'''
| align="right" | '''1.80'''
| align="right" | '''1.79'''
| align="right" | '''1.83'''
| align="right" | '''1.85'''
| align="right" | '''1.91'''
| align="right" | '''1.90'''
| align="right" | '''1.86'''
| align="right" | '''1.83'''
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.65'''
| align="right" | '''1.54'''
| align="right" | '''1.48'''
| align="right" | '''1.42'''
| align="right" | '''1.33'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 5 803 482
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.90
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.42
| align="right" | 1.34
| align="right" | 1.28
| align="right" | 1.20
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 2 320 241
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.00
| align="right" | 2.14
| align="right" | 2.12
| align="right" | 2.13
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 2.25
| align="right" | 2.20
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 2.11
| align="right" | 2.06
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.65
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 263 960
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.77
| align="right" | 2.15
| align="right" | 1.95
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 2.02
| align="right" | 2.09
| align="right" | 2.04
| align="right" | 2.12
| align="right" | 2.09
| align="right" | 2.06
| align="right" | 1.95
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.51
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 10 851 089
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''2.20'''
| align="right" | '''2.18'''
| align="right" | '''2.14'''
| align="right" | '''2.23'''
| align="right" | '''2.24'''
| align="right" | '''2.32'''
| align="right" | '''2.28'''
| align="right" | '''2.24'''
| align="right" | '''2.16'''
| align="right" | '''2.07'''
| align="right" | '''1.94'''
| align="right" | '''1.83'''
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.71'''
| align="right" | '''1.57'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 2 696 249
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.37
| align="right" | 1.31
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 449 777
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.04
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.45
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.34
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 277 452
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.12
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.41
| align="right" | 1.37
| align="right" | 1.36
| align="right" | 1.37
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 2 270 298
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.68
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 2.14
| align="right" | 2.12
| align="right" | 2.21
| align="right" | 2.25
| align="right" | 2.34
| align="right" | 2.32
| align="right" | 2.26
| align="right" | 2.22
| align="right" | 2.12
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.68
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 938 389
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.38
| align="right" | 2.03
| align="right" | 2.04
| align="right" | 2.00
| align="right" | 2.12
| align="right" | 2.11
| align="right" | 2.20
| align="right" | 2.17
| align="right" | 2.14
| align="right" | 2.07
| align="right" | 2.02
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.55
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 544 640
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.97
| align="right" | 2.57
| align="right" | 2.54
| align="right" | 2.51
| align="right" | 2.63
| align="right" | 2.62
| align="right" | 2.82
| align="right" | 2.74
| align="right" | 2.69
| align="right" | 2.58
| align="right" | 2.49
| align="right" | 2.37
| align="right" | 2.20
| align="right" | 2.15
| align="right" | 2.04
| align="right" | 1.78
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 116 618
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.54
| align="right" | 2.70
| align="right" | 2.68
| align="right" | 2.66
| align="right" | 2.68
| align="right" | 2.74
| align="right" | 2.74
| align="right" | 2.64
| align="right" | 2.60
| align="right" | 2.53
| align="right" | 2.38
| align="right" | 2.22
| align="right" | 2.10
| align="right" | 2.00
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.72
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 557 666
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.95
| align="right" | 2.55
| align="right" | 2.57
| align="right" | 2.40
| align="right" | 2.51
| align="right" | 2.51
| align="right" | 2.59
| align="right" | 2.50
| align="right" | 2.43
| align="right" | 2.39
| align="right" | 2.26
| align="right" | 2.21
| align="right" | 2.03
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.81
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 4 181 284
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''2.16'''
| align="right" | '''2.08'''
| align="right" | '''2.06'''
| align="right" | '''2.07'''
| align="right" | '''2.06'''
| align="right" | '''2.13'''
| align="right" | '''2.08'''
| align="right" | '''2.03'''
| align="right" | '''1.96'''
| align="right" | '''1.87'''
| align="right" | '''1.78'''
| align="right" | '''1.67'''
| align="right" | '''1.62'''
| align="right" | '''1.56'''
| align="right" | '''1.45'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 285 744
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.39
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.33
| align="right" | 1.24
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 438 504
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.85
| align="right" | 2.42
| align="right" | 2.35
| align="right" | 2.34
| align="right" | 2.30
| align="right" | 2.29
| align="right" | 2.35
| align="right" | 2.30
| align="right" | 2.24
| align="right" | 2.19
| align="right" | 2.13
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.70
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 377 080
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.98
| align="right" | 2.40
| align="right" | 2.28
| align="right" | 2.23
| align="right" | 2.32
| align="right" | 2.25
| align="right" | 2.33
| align="right" | 2.19
| align="right" | 2.20
| align="right" | 2.08
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.58
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 315 994
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.55
| align="right" | 2.10
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.97
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 2.10
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.51
| align="right" | 1.40
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 247 179
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.40
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.40
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.29
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 445 683
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.62
| align="right" | 2.21
| align="right" | 2.14
| align="right" | 2.16
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 2.17
| align="right" | 2.25
| align="right" | 2.19
| align="right" | 2.13
| align="right" | 2.02
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.46
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 650 401
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.76
| align="right" | 2.07
| align="right" | 2.02
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 1.38
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 420 699
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.84
| align="right" | 2.25
| align="right" | 2.07
| align="right" | 2.04
| align="right" | 2.03
| align="right" | 1.97
| align="right" | 2.06
| align="right" | 2.06
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 1.37
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 4 730 539
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''1.84'''
| align="right" | '''1.79'''
| align="right" | '''1.74'''
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.76'''
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.73'''
| align="right" | '''1.69'''
| align="right" | '''1.66'''
| align="right" | '''1.63'''
| align="right" | '''1.56'''
| align="right" | '''1.46'''
| align="right" | '''1.41'''
| align="right" | '''1.35'''
| align="right" | '''1.28'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 591 492
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.31
| align="right" | 1.26
| align="right" | 1.18
| align="right" | 1.14
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 255 242
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.41
| align="right" | 1.29
| align="right" | 1.32
| align="right" | 1.21
| align="right" | 1.14
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 207 238
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.11
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.61
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.45
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.42
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.25
| align="right" | 1.26
| align="right" | 1.13
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 388 990
| align="right" | 3.44
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.54
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 1.41
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.28
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 205 501
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.27
| align="right" | 1.97
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.51
| align="right" | 1.42
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 229 716
| align="right" | 4.35
| align="right" | 2.48
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.81
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.61
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 1.41
| align="right" | 1.31
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 377 546
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.55
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.81
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.51
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.32
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 606 934
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.06
| align="right" | 1.95
| align="right" | 1.92
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.61
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 1.42
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.34
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 528 351
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.66
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 1.90
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 1.89
| align="right" | 1.97
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.52
| align="right" | 1.45
| align="right" | 1.33
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 339 529
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.34
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.48
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.31
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 2 733 265
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''1.86'''
| align="right" | '''1.81'''
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.78'''
| align="right" | '''1.77'''
| align="right" | '''1.80'''
| align="right" | '''1.78'''
| align="right" | '''1.76'''
| align="right" | '''1.71'''
| align="right" | '''1.68'''
| align="right" | '''1.60'''
| align="right" | '''1.51'''
| align="right" | '''1.45'''
| align="right" | '''1.39'''
| align="right" | '''1.34'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 824 352
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.10
| align="right" | 1.87
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.68
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 1.39
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 775 800
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.81
| align="right" | 1.94
| align="right" | 1.89
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.85
| align="right" | 1.89
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.81
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.44
| align="right" | 1.44
| align="right" | 1.35
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 461 712
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.31
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.40
| align="right" | 1.33
| align="right" | 1.32
| align="right" | 1.28
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 350 506
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.75
| align="right" | 1.76
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.41
| align="right" | 1.40
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 172 356
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.24
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.67
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.78
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.77
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.40
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.29
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 148 539
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.92
| align="right" | 2.09
| align="right" | 1.88
| align="right" | 1.89
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.72
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.37
| align="right" | 1.33
| align="right" | 1.35
| align="right" | 1.38
| align="right" | 1.35
| align="right" | 1.30
| align="right" | 1.23
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 2 171 569
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''2.91'''
| align="right" | '''2.97'''
| align="right" | '''2.90'''
| align="right" | '''2.90'''
| align="right" | '''2.85'''
| align="right" | '''2.90'''
| align="right" | '''2.79'''
| align="right" | '''2.72'''
| align="right" | '''2.64'''
| align="right" | '''2.44'''
| align="right" | '''2.36'''
| align="right" | '''2.18'''
| align="right" | '''2.11'''
| align="right" | '''1.92'''
| align="right" | '''1.75'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 749 993
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.51
| align="right" | 2.51
| align="right" | 2.49
| align="right" | 2.50
| align="right" | 2.50
| align="right" | 2.49
| align="right" | 2.60
| align="right" | 2.51
| align="right" | 2.45
| align="right" | 2.40
| align="right" | 2.24
| align="right" | 2.15
| align="right" | 2.02
| align="right" | 1.95
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.68
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 243 399
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.54
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.88
| align="right" | 1.89
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.89
| align="right" | 1.73
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.65
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 1.34
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 86 047
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.29
| align="right" | 2.38
| align="right" | 2.31
| align="right" | 2.16
| align="right" | 2.30
| align="right" | 2.13
| align="right" | 2.18
| align="right" | 2.09
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 1.83
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.61
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.42
| align="right" | 1.35
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 511 238
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 5.49
| align="right" | 4.22
| align="right" | 4.38
| align="right" | 4.13
| align="right" | 4.11
| align="right" | 4.01
| align="right" | 4.04
| align="right" | 3.84
| align="right" | 3.73
| align="right" | 3.63
| align="right" | 3.28
| align="right" | 3.18
| align="right" | 2.89
| align="right" | 2.73
| align="right" | 2.51
| align="right" | 2.20
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 278 335
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.76
| align="right" | 2.90
| align="right" | 3.05
| align="right" | 2.88
| align="right" | 2.92
| align="right" | 2.74
| align="right" | 2.75
| align="right" | 2.64
| align="right" | 2.59
| align="right" | 2.54
| align="right" | 2.35
| align="right" | 2.25
| align="right" | 2.10
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.67
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 209 738
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 4.17
| align="right" | 3.06
| align="right" | 3.16
| align="right" | 3.12
| align="right" | 3.10
| align="right" | 3.21
| align="right" | 3.19
| align="right" | 3.05
| align="right" | 2.98
| align="right" | 2.81
| align="right" | 2.70
| align="right" | 2.56
| align="right" | 2.27
| align="right" | 2.22
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.78
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 92 819
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.95
| align="right" | 2.35
| align="right" | 2.25
| align="right" | 2.25
| align="right" | 2.21
| align="right" | 2.11
| align="right" | 2.24
| align="right" | 2.17
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 2.05
| align="right" | 1.91
| align="right" | 1.88
| align="right" | 1.74
| align="right" | 1.82
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 1.46
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 3 896 971
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''3.00'''
| align="right" | '''2.95'''
| align="right" | '''2.85'''
| align="right" | '''2.82'''
| align="right" | '''2.83'''
| align="right" | '''2.87'''
| align="right" | '''2.75'''
| align="right" | '''2.67'''
| align="right" | '''2.65'''
| align="right" | '''2.52'''
| align="right" | '''2.43'''
| align="right" | '''2.23'''
| align="right" | '''2.12'''
| align="right" | '''2.01'''
| align="right" | '''1.81'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 742 725
| align="right" | 3.66
| align="right" | 2.56
| align="right" | 2.08
| align="right" | 2.06
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 2.05
| align="right" | 2.01
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.90
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.66
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 1.38
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 604 411
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 2.52
| align="right" | 2.02
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.98
| align="right" | 1.97
| align="right" | 1.93
| align="right" | 2.04
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.96
| align="right" | 1.95
| align="right" | 1.86
| align="right" | 1.79
| align="right" | 1.71
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 1.51
| align="right" | 1.42
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 285 655
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.56
| align="right" | 2.56
| align="right" | 2.55
| align="right" | 2.52
| align="right" | 2.49
| align="right" | 2.49
| align="right" | 2.63
| align="right" | 2.42
| align="right" | 2.44
| align="right" | 2.39
| align="right" | 2.37
| align="right" | 2.26
| align="right" | 2.10
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.80
| align="right" | 1.67
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 89 317
| align="right" | 4.87
| align="right" | 1.90
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 1.53
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 1.62
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.58
| align="right" | 1.56
| align="right" | 1.64
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 1.57
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 1.40
| align="right" | 1.30
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 127 612
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 6.00
| align="right" | 3.93
| align="right" | 3.84
| align="right" | 3.66
| align="right" | 3.58
| align="right" | 3.64
| align="right" | 3.54
| align="right" | 3.37
| align="right" | 3.20
| align="right" | 3.15
| align="right" | 2.96
| align="right" | 2.85
| align="right" | 2.56
| align="right" | 2.35
| align="right" | 2.28
| align="right" | 2.03
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 399 879
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 4.18
| align="right" | 3.93
| align="right" | 3.94
| align="right" | 3.66
| align="right" | 3.65
| align="right" | 3.59
| align="right" | 3.71
| align="right" | 3.49
| align="right" | 3.37
| align="right" | 3.42
| align="right" | 3.25
| align="right" | 3.16
| align="right" | 2.85
| align="right" | 2.77
| align="right" | 2.53
| align="right" | 2.24
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 359 747
| align="right" | 6.01
| align="right" | 5.03
| align="right" | 3.80
| align="right" | 3.71
| align="right" | 3.52
| align="right" | 3.49
| align="right" | 3.44
| align="right" | 3.47
| align="right" | 3.40
| align="right" | 3.30
| align="right" | 3.23
| align="right" | 3.07
| align="right" | 2.90
| align="right" | 2.70
| align="right" | 2.65
| align="right" | 2.48
| align="right" | 2.21
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 287 625
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 6.69
| align="right" | 3.35
| align="right" | 3.18
| align="right" | 3.14
| align="right" | 2.99
| align="right" | 3.01
| align="right" | 3.03
| align="right" | 2.76
| align="right" | 2.60
| align="right" | 2.56
| align="right" | 2.42
| align="right" | 2.35
| align="right" | 2.16
| align="right" | 2.05
| align="right" | 1.99
| align="right" | 1.88
|-
| align="left" |''']'''
| align="right" | 9 410 624
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | '''3.59'''
| align="right" | '''3.57'''
| align="right" | '''3.48'''
| align="right" | '''3.53'''
| align="right" | '''3.48'''
| align="right" | '''3.63'''
| align="right" | '''3.52'''
| align="right" | '''3.38'''
| align="right" | '''3.36'''
| align="right" | '''3.23'''
| align="right" | '''3.02'''
| align="right" | '''2.84'''
| align="right" | '''2.86'''
| align="right" | '''2.71'''
| align="right" | '''2.45'''
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 2 164 134
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.83
| align="right" | 3.15
| align="right" | 3.07
| align="right" | 3.04
| align="right" | 3.15
| align="right" | 3.17
| align="right" | 3.28
| align="right" | 3.19
| align="right" | 3.06
| align="right" | 2.93
| align="right" | 2.85
| align="right" | 2.62
| align="right" | 2.47
| align="right" | 2.48
| align="right" | 2.39
| align="right" | 2.10
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 604 978
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.66
| align="right" | 2.76
| align="right" | 2.79
| align="right" | 2.77
| align="right" | 2.79
| align="right" | 2.75
| align="right" | 2.90
| align="right" | 2.87
| align="right" | 2.78
| align="right" | 2.79
| align="right" | 2.69
| align="right" | 2.56
| align="right" | 2.36
| align="right" | 2.36
| align="right" | 2.24
| align="right" | 1.93
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 155 179
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 3.54
| align="right" | 2.93
| align="right" | 3.01
| align="right" | 2.83
| align="right" | 2.99
| align="right" | 2.96
| align="right" | 3.13
| align="right" | 3.03
| align="right" | 2.87
| align="right" | 2.83
| align="right" | 2.75
| align="right" | 2.55
| align="right" | 2.48
| align="right" | 2.47
| align="right" | 2.34
| align="right" | 2.06
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 2 213 964
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 4.83
| align="right" | 4.57
| align="right" | 4.58
| align="right" | 4.46
| align="right" | 4.47
| align="right" | 4.41
| align="right" | 4.57
| align="right" | 4.42
| align="right" | 4.35
| align="right" | 4.33
| align="right" | 4.15
| align="right" | 3.90
| align="right" | 3.71
| align="right" | 3.82
| align="right" | 3.59
| align="right" | 3.27
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 1 818 133
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 4.51
| align="right" | 3.23
| align="right" | 3.24
| align="right" | 3.19
| align="right" | 3.23
| align="right" | 3.16
| align="right" | 3.30
| align="right" | 3.22
| align="right" | 3.13
| align="right" | 3.13
| align="right" | 2.97
| align="right" | 2.79
| align="right" | 2.54
| align="right" | 2.54
| align="right" | 2.42
| align="right" | 2.22
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 888 874
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 4.98
| align="right" | 3.46
| align="right" | 3.53
| align="right" | 3.35
| align="right" | 3.46
| align="right" | 3.33
| align="right" | 3.55
| align="right" | 3.46
| align="right" | 3.26
| align="right" | 3.28
| align="right" | 3.15
| align="right" | 3.00
| align="right" | 2.76
| align="right" | 2.79
| align="right" | 2.62
| align="right" | 2.40
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 647 205
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 5.27
| align="right" | 3.70
| align="right" | 3.64
| align="right" | 3.43
| align="right" | 3.42
| align="right" | 3.34
| align="right" | 3.41
| align="right" | 3.25
| align="right" | 3.11
| align="right" | 3.08
| align="right" | 2.90
| align="right" | 2.72
| align="right" | 2.55
| align="right" | 2.57
| align="right" | 2.39
| align="right" | 2.18
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 570 745
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 7.06
| align="right" | 4.69
| align="right" | 4.51
| align="right" | 4.26
| align="right" | 4.21
| align="right" | 4.19
| align="right" | 4.27
| align="right" | 4.09
| align="right" | 3.51
| align="right" | 3.76
| align="right" | 3.63
| align="right" | 3.39
| align="right" | 3.23
| align="right" | 3.19
| align="right" | 2.94
| align="right" | 2.72
|-
| align="left" |]
| align="right" | 347 412
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 6.05
| align="right" | 4.23
| align="right" | 4.12
| align="right" | 3.96
| align="right" | 3.85
| align="right" | 3.70
| align="right" | 3.89
| align="right" | 3.56
| align="right" | 3.47
| align="right" | 3.33
| align="right" | 3.18
| align="right" | 2.93
| align="right" | 2.88
| align="right" | 2.71
| align="right" | 2.47
| align="right" | 2.23
|}
{{clear}}
{{Hidden end}}

== Ethnicity ==
{{See also|Minorities in Turkey}}
Modern Turkey was founded by ] as ] (''Laiklik'', Turkish adaptation of ]), i.e. without a ], or separate ethnic divisions/ identities. The concept of "minorities" has only been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined by the ] and thence strictly limited to ], ] and ], only based on religious affiliation, excluding from the scope of the concept the ethnic identities of these minorities as of others such as the Kurds who make up 15% of the country; others include Assyrians of various Christian denominations, Alevis and all the others.<ref name=Kaya2015>{{Cite journal |last=Kaya |first=Nurcan |date=2015-11-24 |title=Teaching in and Studying Minority Languages in Turkey: A Brief Overview of Current Issues and Minority Schools |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ymio/12/1/article-p315_13.xml |journal=European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=315–338 |doi=10.1163/9789004306134_013 |issn=2211-6117|quote=Turkey is a nation–state built on remnants of the Ottoman Empire where non-Muslim minorities were guaranteed the right to set up educational institutions; however, since its establishment, it has officially recognised only Armenians, Greeks and Jews as minorities and guaranteed them the right to manage educational institutions as enshrined in the Treaty of Lausanne. Private language teaching courses teach ‘traditionally used languages’, elective language courses have been introduced in public schools and universities are allowed to teach minority languages.}}</ref><ref name=Toktas2006>{{Cite journal |last=Toktas |first=Sule |date=2006 |title=EU enlargement conditions and minority protection : a reflection on Turkey's non-Muslim minorities |url=https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/42732 |journal=East European Quarterly |language=en |volume=40 |pages=489–519 |issn=0012-8449|quote=Turkey signed the Covenant on 15 August 2000 and ratified it on 23 September 2003. However, Turkey put a reservation on Article 27 of the Covenant which limited the scope of the right of ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion or to use their own language. This reservation provides that this right will be implemented and applied in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Turkish Constitution and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. This implies that Turkey grants educational right in minority languages only to the recognized minorities covered by the Lausanne who are the Armenians, Greeks and the Jews.}}</ref><ref name="Bayır2013">{{Cite book |last=Bayır |first=Derya |title=Minorities and nationalism in Turkish law |date=2013 |publisher=Ashgate |isbn=978-1-4094-7254-4 |series=Cultural diversity and law |location=Farnham|url=https://www.academia.edu/37557239| quote=Oran farther points out that the rights set out for the four categories are stated to be the ‘fundamental law’ of the land, so that no legislation or official action shall conflict or interfere with these stipulations or prevail over them (article 37). According to the Turkish state, only Greek, Armenian and Jewish non-Muslims were granted minority protection by the Lausanne Treaty. Except for non-Muslim populations - that is, Greeks, Jews and Armenians - none of the other minority groups’ language rights have been ''de jure'' protected by the legal system in Turkey. |pages=88–90, 203–204}}</ref><ref name=Phillips2020>{{Cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Thomas James |date=2020-12-16 |title=The (In-)Validity of Turkey's Reservation to Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |url=https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/10249/ |journal=International Journal on Minority and Group Rights |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=66–93 |doi=10.1163/15718115-02701001 |issn=1385-4879|quote=The fact that Turkish constitutional law takes an even more restrictive approach to minority rights than required under the Treaty of Lausanne was recognised by the UN Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD) in its concluding observations on the combined fourth to sixth periodic reports of Turkey. The CERD noted that “the treaty of Lausanne does not explicitly prohibit the recognition of other groups as minorities” and that Turkey should consider recognising the minority status of other groups, such as Kurds. 50 In practice, this means that Turkey grants minority rights to “Greek, Armenian and Jewish minority communities while denying their possible impact for unrecognized minority groups (e.g. Kurds, Alevis, Arabs, Syriacs, Protestants, Roma etc.)”.}}</ref> Provisions of the Lausanne Treaty were extended to ] by the ] ({{lang|tr|Türkiye ve Bulgaristan Arasındaki Dostluk Antlaşması}}) of 18 October 1925.<ref name="Bayır2013"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Toktaş |first1=Şule |last2=Araş |first2=Bulent |date=2009 |title=The EU and Minority Rights in Turkey |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25655744 |journal=Political Science Quarterly |volume=124 |issue=4 |pages=697–720 |doi=10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00664.x |jstor=25655744 |issn=0032-3195}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Köksal |first=Yonca |date=2006 |title=Minority Policies in Bulgaria and Turkey: The Struggle to Define a Nation |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14683850601016390 |journal=Southeast European and Black Sea Studies |language=en |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=501–521 |doi=10.1080/14683850601016390 |issn=1468-3857}}</ref><ref name=Özlem2019>{{Cite journal |first=Kader |last=Özlem |date=2019 |title=An Evaluation on Istanbul's Bulgarians as the "Invisible Minority" of Turkey |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=802933 |journal=Turan-Sam |language=English |volume=11 |issue=43 |pages=387–393 |issn=1308-8041}}</ref> According to the ], as of 2008, there were 89,000 Turkish citizens belonging to one of the three recognized minorities, two thirds of Armenian descent.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=161291 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501063653/http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=161291 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-05-01 |access-date=2008-12-15 |title=Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey |date=2008-12-15 |work=] }}</ref> On 18 June 2013, the Ankara 13th Circuit Administrative Court unanimously ruled that the Assyrians were included as beneficiaries of the Lausanne Treaty,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akbulut |first=Olgun |date=2023-10-19 |title=For Centenary of the Lausanne Treaty: Re-Interpretation and Re-Implementation of Linguistic Minority Rights of Lausanne |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/ijgr/aop/article-10.1163-15718115-bja10134/article-10.1163-15718115-bja10134.xml |journal=International Journal on Minority and Group Rights |volume=-1 |issue=aop |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1163/15718115-bja10134 |issn=1385-4879}}</ref> so that Assyrians were allowed to open the first school teaching in their mother tongue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabah |first=Daily |date=2019-08-26 |title=Last 17 years a golden era for minority communities, witnessing period of increased rights |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2019/08/26/last-17-years-a-golden-era-for-minority-communities-witnessing-period-of-increased-rights |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Nefret suçlarına göz yumanlar, farklı kültürlerin bir arada yaşama iradesini dinamitlemektedir |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-nefret-suclarina-goz-yumanlar-farkli-kulturlerin-bir-arada-yasama-iradesini-dinamitlemektedir/3011693 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref>


The word ] also has a wider meaning in a historical context because, at times, especially in the past, it has been used to refer to all Muslim inhabitants of the ] irrespective of their ethnicity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/92/T0419200.html |title=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition – "Turk" |author=American Heritage Dictionary |author-link=American Heritage Dictionary |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company |access-date=2006-12-27 |year=2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116043608/http://www.bartleby.com/61/92/T0419200.html |archive-date=2007-01-16 }}</ref>
# Turkic-speaking peoples: ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]
# Indo-European-speaking peoples: ], ],<ref>http://www.avrupa.info.tr/Files/MRGTurkeyReport%5B1%5D.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=11560&rog3=TU</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]
# Semitic-speaking peoples: ], ] and ]
# Caucasian-speaking peoples: ], ], ] and ]


According to the 2012 edition of the CIA World Factbook, 70-75% of Turkey's population consists of ethnic Turks, with Kurds accounting for 18% and other minorities between 7 and 12%.<ref name="cia">. The World Factbook. CIA</ref> According to the 2016 edition of the CIA World Factbook, 70–75% of Turkey's population consists of ethnic Turks, with Kurds accounting for 19% and other minorities between 6 and 11%.<ref name="cia"/>
According to ], a 2008 report prepared for the ] of Turkey by academics of three ] in eastern Anatolia suggested that there are approximately 55 million ethnic Turks, 12.6 million ], 2.5 million ], 2 million ], 500,000-1.3 million ], 1,000,000 ], 870,000 ], 600,000, ], 80,000 ], 60,000 ], 25,000 ], 20,000 ], and 15,000 ] living in Turkey.<ref name="Milliyet">{{cite news According to ], a 2008 report prepared for the ] of Turkey by academics of three ] in eastern Anatolia suggested that there are approximately 55 million ethnic Turks, 9.6 million ], 3 million ], 2.5 million ], 2 million ], 500,000–1.3 million ], 1,000,000 ], 870,000 ], 600,000 ], 80,000 ], 60,000 ], 30,000 ], 25,000 ], 20,000 ], 15,000 ], and 500 ] living in Turkey.<ref name="Milliyet">{{cite news
|title = Türkiyedeki Kürtlerin Sayısı! |title = Türkiyedeki Kürtlerin Sayısı!
|work = ] |work = ]
|date = 2008-06-06 |date = 2008-06-06
|accessdate = 2008-06-07 |access-date = 2008-06-07
|language = Turkish |language = tr
|url = http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&Kategori=yasam&ArticleID=873452&Date=07.06.2008 |url = http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&Kategori=yasam&ArticleID=873452&Date=07.06.2008
}}</ref> }}</ref>


According to a survey published in 2022 by Konda Research, Turks make up 77% of the population, while 19% self-identify as Kurd. Arabs (Syrian refugees excluded) make up 2%, and other ethnic groups are 2% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TR100 |url=https://interaktif.konda.com.tr/turkiye-100-kisi-olsaydi |access-date=2022-05-16 |website=interaktif.konda.com.tr}}</ref>
=== Turks ===
{{See also|Turkish people}}
], 1873.]]


Since the immigration to the big cities in the west of Turkey, interethnic marriage has become more common. A recent study estimates that there are 2,708,000 marriages between Turks and Kurds.<ref>Kurdish Life in Contemporary Turkey: Migration, Gender and Ethnic Identity, Anna Grabolle Celiker, page 160, I.B.Tauris, 2013</ref>
Although numerous modern genetic studies have indicated that the historical Anatolian groups are the primary source of the present-day Turkish population,<ref name=antigens57></ref>
<ref name=Yardumian_et_al>Yardumian, A., & Schurr, T. G. (2011). Who Are the Anatolian Turks?. Anthropology & Archeology Of Eurasia, 50(1), 6-42. doi:10.2753/AAE1061-1959500101</ref><ref name=Hodoglugil_et_al>Hodoğlugil, U., & Mahley, R. W. (2012). Turkish Population Structure and Genetic Ancestry Reveal Relatedness among Eurasian Populations. Annals Of Human Genetics, 76(2), 128-141. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00701.x </ref><ref name=eurostudy></ref><ref name=humangenetics112></ref><ref name=stanford></ref><ref name=euroasia></ref> the first ] lived in a region extending from ] to ] and were palpable after the 6th Century BC.<ref name=zieme>Peter Zieme: The Old Turkish Empires in Mongolia. In: Genghis Khan and his heirs. The Empire of the Mongols. Special tape for Exhibition 2005/2006, p.64</ref> Seventh century Chinese sources preserve the origins of the Turks stating that they were a branch of the ] (]) and living near the "West Sea", perhaps the ].<ref name=Leiser>Leiser, Gary (2005), "Turks", in Meri, Josef W., Medieval Islamic Civilization, Routledge</ref> Modern sources tends to indicate that the Turks' ancestors lived within the state of the Hsiung-nu in the ] area and that they later, during the fifth century, migrated to the southern ].<ref name=Leiser/>


According to a survey done in March 2020 by Area Araştırma, 20.4% of the total population of Turkey claim to be Kurdish (either Kurmanji speaking or Zazaki speaking).
The word ''Türk'' was used only referring to Anatolian villagers back in the 19th century. The Ottoman elite identified themselves as ], not usually as Turks.<ref>(Kushner 1997: 219; Meeker 1971: 322)</ref><ref>Similarly, the ''Hellene'' was a derogatory term among Greeks in the same period, its renewed popularity in the 19th Century – like that of ''Türk'' – deriving from European ideas of nationalism</ref> In the late 19th century, as European ideas of nationalism were adopted by the Ottoman elite, and as it became clear that the Turkish-speakers of Anatolia were the most loyal supporters of Ottoman rule, the term ''Türk'' took on a much more positive connotation.<ref>(Kushner 1997: 220-221)</ref> During Ottoman times, the ] system defined communities on a religious basis, and a residue of this remains in that Turkish villagers will commonly consider as Turks only those who profess the ] faith, and will consider Turkish-speaking Jews, Christians, or even ] to be non-Turks.<ref name="Meeker 1971: 322">(Meeker 1971: 322)</ref> On the other hand, Kurdish-speaking or Arabic-speaking Sunnis of eastern Anatolia are sometimes considered to be Turks.<ref>(Meeker 1971: 323)</ref> The imprecision of the appellation ''Türk'' can also be seen with other ethnic names, such as ''Kürt''(Kurd), which is often applied by western Anatolians to anyone east of Adana, even those who speak only Turkish.<ref name="Meeker 1971: 322"/> Thus, the category ''Türk'', like other ethnic categories popularly used in Turkey, does not have a uniform usage. In recent years, centrist Turkish politicians have attempted to redefine this category in a more multi-cultural way, emphasizing that a ''Türk'' is anyone who is a citizen of the Republic of Turkey.<ref>(Kushner 1997: 230)</ref> Currently, article 66 of the ] defines a "''Turk''" as anyone who is "bound to the Turkish state through the bond of ]".


Ethnolinguistic estimates in 2014 by ] and ]:<ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/tr/languages|website=Ethnologue}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Turquie: situation générale|url=http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/asie/turquie_1general.htm|website=Axl.cefan.ulaval.ca|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="megl" />
Ethnic Turks are the majority in Turkey, numbering 55.5 to 60 million. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Milliyet|title=55 milyon kişi 'etnik olarak' Türk|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/03/22/guncel/agun.html|accessdate=2011-07-21}}</ref><ref name="KONDA">KONDA Research and Consultancy, </ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Library of Congress – Federal Research Division |title=Country Profile: Turkey |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Turkey.pdf |accessdate=2010-02-06}}</ref><ref name=CIATurkey>{{Cite web|author=CIA|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html|accessdate=2011-07-27}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
! People
! Population
! Percentage
! Language
! ]
|-
| ]n ]
| 53,402,000
| 70.6%
| ]
| 1 (National)
|-
| ] ]
|8,127,000
| 10.7%
| ]
|3 (Wider communication)
|-
| Turcophones, ]
| 5,881,000
| 7.7%
| ]
|1 (National)
|-
| ]
| 1,155,000
| 1.5%
| ]
|5 (Developing)
|-
| ]
| 1,133,000
| 1.4%
| ]
|
|-
| ], ]
| 1,062,000
|1.4 %
| ]
|5 (Developing)
|-
| ] ]
| 722,000
| 0.9%
| ]
|6a (Vigorous)
|-
| ]
| 540,000
| 0.7%
| ]
|5 (Developing)
|-
| ]
| 500,000 (1985)
| 0.7%
| ], ]
|
|-
| ]
| 418,000
| 0.5%
| ]
|7 (Shifting)
|-
| ]
| 351,000
| 0.4%
| ]
|5 (Dispersed)
|-
| ]
| 321,000
| 0.4%
| ]
|6a (Vigorous)
|-
| ], ]
| 316,000
| 0.4%
| ]
|5 (Developing)
|-
| ] ]
| 184,000
| 0.2%
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 151,000
| 0,1 %
| ]
|6b (Threatened)
|-
| ]
| 101,000
| 0.1%
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 101,000
| 0.1%
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 100,000
| 0.1%
| ]


|5 (Developing)
=== Kurds ===
|-
{{Main|Kurds in Turkey}}
| ]
The ] identity remains the strongest of the many minorities in modern Turkey. This is perhaps due to the mountainous terrain of the south-east of the country, where they predominate and represent a majority. They inhabit all major towns and cities across Turkey, however. No accurate up-to-date figures are available for the Kurdish population, because the Turkish government has outlawed ethnic or racial censuses. An estimate by the ] place their proportion of the population at approximately 18%.<ref name="ciawfb"/> Another estimate, according to ], an ethnic Turk, in his book ''The Environment of Insecurity in Turkey and the Emigration of Turkish Kurds to Germany'', based on the 1990 Turkish Census and 1993 Turkish Demographic Health Survey, is 17.8%.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Sirkeci | first = Ibrahim | author-link = Ibrahim Sirkeci | year = 2006 | title = The Environment of Insecurity in Turkey and the Emigration of Turkish Kurds to Germany | publication-place = New York | publisher = Edwin Mellen Press | isbn = 978-0-7734-5739-3 | pages = 117–118 | url = http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6794&pc=9 | accessdate = 2006-08-11 | postscript = <!--None-->}}.</ref> Other estimates include 15.7% of the population according to the newspaper Milliyet, and 23% by Kurdologist David McDowall.<ref name="Milliyet"/><ref>David McDowall. ''A Modern History of the Kurds.'' Third Edition. I.B.Tauris, May 14, 2004 - 504 pages, page 3.</ref>
| 93,000
| 0.1%
| ]
|6b (Threatened)
|-
| ]
| 74,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 66,000
|
| ]
|6b (Threatened)
|-
| ]
| 61,000
|
| ]
|6b (Threatened)
|-
| ]
| 44,000
|
| ]
|6b (Threatened)
|-
| ]
| 38,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 37,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 35,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 32,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 30,000
|
| ], ]
|7 (Shifting)
|-
| ]
| 26,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 25,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 22,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ]
| 15,000
|
| ]
|6b (Threatened)
|-
| ] other (], ], ])
| 57,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| ] other (] and Shikaki)
| 62,000
|
| ]
|
|-
| Other
| 180,000
|
|
|
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''75,566,800'''
|
|
|}


== Languages ==
The Minority Rights Group report of 1985 (by Martin Short and Anthony McDermott) gave an estimate of 15% Kurds in the population of Turkey in 1980, i.e. 8,455,000 out of 44,500,000, with the preceding comment 'Nothing, apart from the actual 'borders' of Kurdistan, generates as much heat in the Kurdish question as the estimate of the Kurdish population. Kurdish nationalists are tempted to exaggerate it, and governments of the region to understate it. In Turkey only those Kurds who do not speak Turkish are officially counted for census purposes as Kurds, yielding a very low figure.'. In , a 1995 on-line publication of the U.S. Library of Congress, there is where it is stated that 'Turkey's censuses do not list Kurds as a separate ethnic group. Consequently, there are no reliable data on their total numbers. In 1995 estimates of the number of Kurds in Turkey is about 8.5 million.' out of 61.2 million, which means 13%. Kurdish national identity is far from being limited to the Kurmanji language community, as many Kurds whose parents migrated towards Istanbul or other large non-Kurdish cities mostly speak Turkish, which is one of the languages used by the Kurdish nationalist publications.
{{Main|Languages of Turkey}}
{{See also|Turkic peoples|Iranic peoples|Minorities in Turkey}}
No exact data are available concerning the different ethnic groups in Turkey. The last census data according to language date from 1965 and major changes may have occurred since then. However, it is clear that the ] are in the majority, while the largest minority groups are ] and ]. Smaller minorities are the ], ] and others.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Language
! colspan="2" |Census 1927
! colspan="2" |Census 1935
! colspan="2" |Census 1945
! colspan="2" |Census 1950
! colspan="2" |Census 1955
! colspan="2" |Census 1960
! colspan="2" |Census 1965
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|]
|11,778,810
|86.42
|13,899,073
|86.02
|16,598,037
|88.34
|18,254,851
|87.15
|21,622,292
|89.85
|25,172,535
|90.70
|28,175,579
|89.76
|-
|]
| rowspan="2" |1,184,446
| rowspan="2" |8.69
| rowspan="2" |1,480,246
| rowspan="2" |9.16
| rowspan="2" |1,476,562
| rowspan="2" |7.9
|1,680,043
|8.02
| rowspan="2" |1,679,265
| rowspan="2" |6.98
| rowspan="2" |1,847,674
| rowspan="2" |6.66
|2,219,599
|7.07
|-
|]
|174,526
|0.70
|150,644
|0.48
|-
|]
|134,273
|0.98
|153,687
|0.95
|247,294
|1.3
|269,038
|1.28
|300,583
|1.25
|347,690
|1.25
|365,340
|1.16
|-
|]
|95,901
|0.70
|91,972
|0.57
|66,691
|0.4
|75,837
|0.36
|77,611
|0.32
|63,137
|0.23
|58,339
|0.19
|-
|]
|119,822
|0.88
|108,725
|0.67
|88,680
|0.47
|89,472
|0.43
|79,691
|0.33
|65,139
|0.23
|48,096
|0.15
|-
|]
|64,745
|0.48
|57,599
|0.36
|47,728
|0.3
|52,776
|0.25
|56,235
|0.23
|52,756
|0.19
|33,094
|0.11
|-
|]
| -
| -
|57,325
|0.35
|40,076
|0.21
|72,604
|0.35
|51,983
|0.22
|32,944
|0.12
|34,330
|0.11
|-
|]
| -
| -
|63,253
|0.39
|39,323
|0.21
|70,423
|0.34
|30,566
|0.13
|21,703
|0.08
|26,007
|0.08
|-
|other
|251,491
|1.85
|227,544
|1.41
|185,783
|0.99
|207,618
|0.99
|166,537
|0.69
|151,242
|0.54
|280,403
|0.89
|-
!Total
!13,629.488
!100
!16,157,450
!100
!18,790,174
!100
!20,947,188
!100
!24,064,763
!100
!27,754,820
!100
!31,391,421
!100
|-
! colspan="15" |Sources:<ref name="UN Demographic Yearbooks">{{cite web |title=UN Demographic Yearbooks |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001 |access-date=2014-06-17 |publisher=Unstats.un.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dundar |first=Fuat |url=https://www.academia.edu/15623252 |title=Türkiye Nüfus Sayimlarinda Azinliklar, 2001}}</ref><ref name=":1">http://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0015557.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref>https://cdn.teyit.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/nufustahriri.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guzgulu |first=Derya |date=2019-01-01 |title=1950 Türkiye genel nüfus sayımının coğrafi analizi |url=https://www.academia.edu/86801226}}</ref><ref>https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/54798</ref><ref>http://nek.istanbul.edu.tr:4444/ekos/TEZ/58743.pdf</ref>
|}
A possible list of ethnic groups living in Turkey could be as follows:<ref>Andrews, Peter A. ''Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey.'', Beiheft Nr. B 60, Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Wiesbaden: Reichert Publications, 1989, {{ISBN|3-89500-297-6}}; + 2nd enlarged edition in 2 vols., 2002, {{ISBN|3-89500-229-1}}</ref>


# Turkic-speaking peoples: ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]
=== Arabs ===
# Indo-European-speaking peoples: ], ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avrupa.info.tr/Files/MRGTurkeyReport%5B1%5D.pdf |title=A Quest for Equality: Minorities in Turkey |website=www.avrupa.info.tr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003033528/http://www.avrupa.info.tr/Files/MRGTurkeyReport%5B1%5D.pdf |archive-date=October 3, 2011}}</ref> ],<ref name="megl">{{cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/abs/islamisation-of-the-meglen-vlachs-meglenoromanians-the-village-of-nanti-notia-and-the-nantinets-in-presentday-turkey/5F6519A83C83DD0B9728A22F58100384|title=The Islamisation of the Meglen Vlachs (Megleno-Romanians): The Village of Nânti (Nótia) and the "Nântinets" in Present-Day Turkey|first=Thede|last=Kahl|author-link=Thede Kahl|journal=]|volume=34|issue=1|pages=71–90|year=2006|doi=10.1080/00905990500504871|s2cid=161615853 }}</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]
{{Main|Arabs in Turkey}}
# Semitic-speaking peoples: ], ] and ]
There are an estimated 800,000-1 million Arabs living near the border with Syria, particularly in the province of ].<ref>''Turkey: A Country Study'', Federal Research Division, Kessinger Publishing, Jun 30, 2004 - 392 pages. Page 140 .</ref>
# Caucasian-speaking peoples: ], ], ] and ]


=== Armenians === == Religion ==
{{Main|Armenians in Turkey}} {{Further|Religion in Turkey}}
{{See also|Freedom of religion in Turkey|Secularism in Turkey}}
Armenians in Turkey have an estimated population of 40,000 (1995) to 70,000.<ref>{{cite web | last=Turay | first=Anna | title=Tarihte Ermeniler | publisher= | url=http://www.bolsohays.com/webac.asp?referans=1 | accessdate=2007-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.taraf.com.tr/Yazar.asp?id=12 |accessdate=2008-09-02 |title=Türk Ermenisiz, Ermeni Türksüz olmaz! |work=] |first=Ayşe |last=Hür |date=2008-08-31 |quote=Sonunda nüfuslarını 70 bine indirmeyi başardık. |language=Turkish}}</ref> Most are concentrated around ]. The ] support their own newspapers and schools. The majority belong to the ] faith, with smaller numbers of ] and ].


Turkey has officially been a ] since its ] was amended in 1928. This was later strengthened and entrenched with the wider appliance of ] by founder Atatürk during the mid-1930s, as part of the ].
=== Assyrians/Syriacs ===
{{Main|Syriacs in Turkey}}
An estimated 25,000 ] live in Turkey, with about 17,000 in ] and the other 8,000 scattered in ]. They belong to the ], ], and ].
The ], who usually are described as Arabs, have ] ancestry. They live in the area between ] and ], called in ] "I Mhalmayto" (ܗܝ ܡܚܠܡܝܬܐ).


There are no official statistics of people's religious beliefs nor is it asked in the census. According to the ]'s ] 2008, the Turkish government considers 99 percent of the population is ], the majority of which is ].<ref name=IRF2008> U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 2009-09-15.</ref> A similar figure can be found in the current US ] (CIA) ] (99.8%).<ref name="cia"/> The remaining 0.2% is other - mostly Christians and Jews.<ref name="cia"/> However, these are based on the existing religion information written on every citizen's national ], that is automatically passed on from the parents to every newborn, and do not necessarily represent individual choice. Religious records can be changed or even blanked on the request of citizen, by filing an ] application since May 2020, using a valid ] to sign the electronic application. Any change in religion records additionally results in a new ID card being issued. Any change in religion record also leaves a permanent trail in the ] record, however, record of change of religion is not accessible except for the citizen in question, next-of-kins of the citizen in question, the citizenship administration and courts.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=e-Devlet'te yeni hizmet: Din değişikliği yapılabilecek|url=https://www.a3haber.com/2020/05/23/e-devlette-yeni-hizmet-din-degisikligi-yapilabilecek/|access-date=2020-11-07|website=A3 Haber|language=tr|archive-date=22 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122120826/https://www.a3haber.com/2020/05/23/e-devlette-yeni-hizmet-din-degisikligi-yapilabilecek/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Azerbaijanis ===
{{Main|Azerbaijanis in Turkey}}
According to some sources, there are about 800,000 ]; however, this figure may differ substantially from the real one. Up to 300,000 of Azeris who reside in Turkey are citizens of ]. They currently are the largest ethnic group in the city of ] and second largest ethnic group in ].


In 2023, according to ], 83% are Muslim, 12% have ], 2% prefer not to say, 2% are Christian and 2% are other religions.<ref name=Ipsos2023>{{Cite web|date=May 2023|title=Global Religion – Religious Beliefs Across the World|url=https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-05/Ipsos%20Global%20Advisor%20-%20Religion%202023%20Report%20-%2026%20countries.pdf|access-date=22 September 2024|website=Ipsos|archive-date=12 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512183356/https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-05/Ipsos%20Global%20Advisor%20-%20Religion%202023%20Report%20-%2026%20countries.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In a similar survey in 2016, Islam comprised 82% of the total population (65% Sunni and 4% ]), followed by 7% no religion, 6% ] but not religious, 4% ], 3% ], 2% Christian, 1% ], 1% ], 1% ] and 1% other.<ref name=Ipsos2017>{{cite web|date=2017|title=Religion|url=https://www.ipsosglobaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Slide13-6.jpg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905105138/https://www.ipsosglobaltrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Slide13-6.jpg|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-09-05|access-date=22 September 2024|publisher=Ipsos}}</ref>
=== Chechens ===
{{See also|Peoples of the Caucasus in Turkey}}
Towards the end of the ] (1763–1864) many ] fled their homelands in the ] and settled in the Ottoman Empire.


In 2018, a poll conducted by ] and ] and some other research institutes showed that 3% of those interviewed had no religion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-03|title=KONDA Toplumsal Değişim Raporu: Türkiye'de inançsızlık yükselişte|url=https://tr.euronews.com/2019/01/03/konda-nin-toplumsal-degisim-raporuna-gore-turkiye-de-inancsizlik-yukseliste|access-date=2020-11-07|website=euronews|language=tr}}</ref><ref>]{{Circular reference|date=May 2019}}</ref> In 2013, the same institutions showed that around 0.5% of the population had no religion.
=== Circassians ===
{{See also|Peoples of the Caucasus in Turkey}}
Towards the end of the ] (1763–1864) many ] fled their homelands in the ] and settled in the Ottoman Empire.


Between 8 million<ref>{{cite book|title=The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition|first=David|last=Shankland|publisher=Routledge (UK)|year=2003|isbn=0-7007-1606-8|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=lFFRzTqLp6AC |page=1 }} }}</ref> and 20 million Turks are ].<ref name=IRF2008/>
=== Georgians ===
{{Main|Chveneburi}}
There are approximately 1 million people of Georgian ancestry in Turkey according to the newspaper Milliyet.<ref name="Milliyet"/>


In 2006, in a poll conducted by ], 98.3% of Turks revealed they were Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-02-02|title=Ankette Mezhep Soruları|url=http://www.selendi.com/forum/ankette-mezhep-sorulari-t4816.0.html;wap2=|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130202012548/http://www.selendi.com/forum/ankette-mezhep-sorulari-t4816.0.html;wap2=|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-02-02|access-date=2020-11-07|website=archive.vn}}</ref>
===Greeks===
In 2005, a Eurobarometer poll on Europeans views on ] and technology reported 95% of Turkish citizens answered that "they believe there is a God", while about 2% responded "I believe there is so me sort of spirit or life force", about 1% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force" and about 1% "DK" (that they don't know).<ref name="Eurobarometer">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |title=Social values, Science and Technology|date=June 2005|access-date=2007-12-18 |publisher=]|url-status=dead |page=9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524004644/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |archive-date=2006-05-24 }}</ref> Similar figures were found in some other European countries.<ref name="Eurobarometer"/>
The Greeks constitute a population of ] and ]-speaking ] ] who mostly live in ], including its district ], as well as on the two islands of the western entrance to the ]: ] and ] ({{lang-tr|Gökçeada}} and ''Bozcaada''). They are the remnants of the estimated 200,000 Greeks who were permitted under the provisions of the ] to remain in Turkey following the ], which involved the forcible resettlement of approximately 1.5 million Greeks from ] and ] and of half a million ] from all of Greece except for ]. After years of persecution (e.g. the ] and the ]), ] of ] from the Istanbul region greatly accelerated, reducing the 119.822<ref name="demography-lab.prd.uth.gr">http://www.demography-lab.prd.uth.gr/DDAoG/article/cont/ergasies/tsilenis.htm</ref>-strong Greek minority before the attack to about 7,000 by 1978.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2008/09/07/haber,033E2E8B399A4A638FCD099591F11DD4.html |accessdate=2008-12-25 |title=Sermaye nasıl el değiştirdi? |first=Ecevit |last=Kilic | work=Sabah |language=Turkish |date=2008-09-07 |quote=6-7 Eylül olaylarından önce İstanbul'da 135 bin Rum yaşıyordu. Sonrasında bu sayı 70 bine düştü. 1978'e gelindiğinde bu rakam 7 bindi.}}</ref> The 2008 figures released by the ] places the current number of Turkish citizens of Greek descent at the 3,000–4,000 mark.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=161291 |accessdate=2008-12-15 |title=Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey |date=2008-12-15 |work=]}}</ref> According to Milliyet there are 15,000 Greeks in Turkey,<ref name= "Milliyet"/> while according to ] the Greek population in Turkey was estimated at 2,500 in 2006.<ref name="HRW">Lois Whitman ''Denying Human Rights and Ethnic Identity: The Greeks of Turkey.'' Human Rights Watch, Sep 1, 1992 - 54 pages. Page 2 </ref>


There is concern over the future of the ], which suffers from a lack of trained ] due to the closure of the ]. The state does not recognise the Ecumenical status of the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fener Rum Patrikhanesinin "ekümeniklik" İddiasına İlişkin Basın Açıklamamız |url=http://www.fatih.gov.tr/fener-rum-patrikhanesinin-ekumeniklik-iddiasina-iliskin-basin-aciklamamiz |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=www.fatih.gov.tr}}</ref>
=== Laz ===
{{Main|Laz people}}
Most Laz today live in Turkey but the Laz minority group has no official status in Turkey. Their number today is estimated to be around 250,000<ref>http://books.google.com.tr/books?id=DJ_hppqYIxQC&pg=PA90&dq=laz+language&hl=tr&ei=HNBSTvHDI6HP4QSrodHfAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=laz%20language&f=false</ref><ref></ref><ref name="ref819">http://www.lightningturkish.com/society/ethnic-groups/</ref><br /> and 500.000<ref name="ref641"></ref><ref name="ref166">http://www.usefoundation.org/view/865</ref> Lazes are ]. Only a minority are bilingual in Turkish and their native ] which belongs to the ]. The number of the Laz speakers is decreasing, and is now limited chiefly to the ] and ] areas. The historical term ] — formerly referring to a narrow tract of land along the ] inhabited by the Laz as well as by several other ethnic groups — has been banned from official use and replaced with ''Doğu Karadeniz'' (which also includes ]). During the ], the ] population of Russia near the war zones was subjected to ethnic cleansing; many Lazes living in ] fled to the Ottoman Empire, settling along the southern Black Sea coast to the east of ].


{| class="wikitable" style="clear:both"
=== Roma people ===
|+ Muslim and non-Muslim population in Turkey, 1914–2005 (in thousands)<ref name="İçduygu2008"/>
{{Main|Roma in Turkey}}
! Year
]
! 1914
The Roma in Turkey descend from the times of the ]. There are unofficially about 500,000-700,000 Roma in Turkey,<ref name="Milliyet"/><ref>http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,4565c2253b,4677ea9b2,46ef87ab32,0.html</ref><ref>http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/eav072205.shtml</ref><ref>http://www.ihf-hr.org/viewbinary/viewdocument.php?doc_id=7081</ref> though the unofficial estimations of experts don't agree with this number. The neighborhood of ], located in Western Istanbul, is the oldest Roma settlement in Europe.
! 1927

! 1945
== Languages spoken ==
! 1965
{{Main|Languages of Turkey}}
! 1990

! 2005
{| class = class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|+ Languages Spoken in Turkey, 1965 census<ref>] & Grant McConnel, Linguistic composition of the nations of the world, vol,5, Europe and USSR, Québec, Presses de l'Université Laval, 1984, ISBN 2-7637-7044-4</ref>
! Muslims
!Language
| 12,941
!Mother tongue
| 13,290
!Only language spoken
| 18,511
!Second best language spoken
| 31,139
|----
| 56,860
| ]
| 4,563 | 71,997
|-
| 280
! Greeks
| 7,556
| 1,549
|----
| ]
| 12,832
| 1,075
| 39,613
|----
| ]
| 365,340
| 189,134
| 167,924
|----
| ]
| 33,094
| 1,022
| 22,260
|----
| ]
| 17,627
| 2,345
| 34,892
|----
| ]
| 4,088
| 350
| 46,742
|----
| ] (])
| 23,138
| 2,776
| 34,234
|----
| ]
| 7,563
| 2,500
| 5,063
|----
| ]
| 58,339
| 6,409
| 48,621
|----
| ]
| 45
| 1
| 1,585
|----
| ]
| 168
| 25
| 76
|----
| ]
| 366
| 23
| 219
|----
| ]
| 27,841
| 21,766
| 139,867
|----
| ]
| 3,302
| 398
| 96,879
|----
| ]
| 34,330
| 4,042
| 44,934
|----
| ]
| 4,901
| 790
| 35,704
|----
| ]
| 48,096
| 3,203
| 78,941
|----
| ]
| 2,926
| 267
| 3,861
|----
| ] (])
| 2,219,502
| 1,323,690
| 429,168
|----
| ]
| 9,981
| 283
| 3,510
|----
| ]
| 26,007
| 3,943
| 55,158
|----
| ]
| 948
| 72
| 2,103
|----
| ]
| 110 | 110
| 20 | 104
| 377 | 76
| 8
|----
| 3
| ]
| 52 |-
! Armenians
| 5
| 3,233 | 1,204
| 77
|----
| 60
| ]
| 406 | 64
| 53 | 67
| 6,909 | 50
|---- |-
! Jews
| ]
| 1,088 | 128
| 284 | 82
| 4,530 | 77
| 38
|----
| 29
| ]
| 6,599 | 27
|-
| 776
! Others
| 58,802
| 176
|----
| 71
| ]
| 2,791 | 38
| 138 | 74
| 4,297 | 50
| 45
|----
|- style="font-weight: bold"
| ''']'''
! Total
| 28,289,680
| 26,925,649 | 15,997
| 1,387,139 | 13,630
| 18,790
|----
| 31,391
| ]
| 150,644 | 57,005
| 92,288 | 72,120
|- style="font-weight: bold"
| 20,413
! Percentage non-Muslim
|----
| 19.1
! '''Total'''
| 2.5
! '''31,009,934'''
| 1.5
! '''28,583,607'''
| 0.8
! '''2,786,610'''
| 0.3
|----
| 0.2
|} |}


The percentage of non-Muslims in Turkey fell from 19.1% in 1914 to 2.5% percent in 1927.<ref name="İçduygu2008">{{cite journal|last1=İçduygu|first1=Ahmet|last2=Toktaş|first2=Şule|last3=Ali Soner|first3=B|title=The politics of population in a nation-building process: emigration of non-Muslims from Turkey|journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies|url=https://www.academia.edu/761694|date=1 February 2008|volume=31|issue=2|pages=358–389|doi=10.1080/01419870701491937|s2cid=143541451|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325053206/https://www.academia.edu/761694/The_Politics_of_Population_in_a_Nation_Building_Process_Emigration_of_Non-Muslims_from_Turkey|url-status=live}}</ref> The drop was the result of the ], the ]<ref>{{citation |title= Chapter ''The refugees question in Greece (1821–1930)'' in "''Θέματα Νεοελληνικής Ιστορίας''", ΟΕΔΒ (''"Topics from Modern Greek History"''). 8th edition (PDF) |publisher=Nikolaos Andriotis |year=2008}}</ref> and the ].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.meforum.org/487/editors-introduction-why-a-special-issue|format=PDF|title='Editors' Introduction: Why a Special Issue?: Disappearing Christians of the Middle East|journal=Middle East Quarterly|publisher=Editors' Introduction|access-date=11 June 2013|year=2001|last1=Quarterly|first1=Middle East|archive-date=11 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511085730/http://www.meforum.org/487/editors-introduction-why-a-special-issue|url-status=live}}</ref> The 1942 ] on non-Muslims, the emigration of many of Turkish Jews to Israel after 1948, and the 1955 ] further contributed to the decline of Turkey's non-Muslim population.
== Minorities ==
Modern Turkey was founded by ] as ] (''Laiklik'', Turkish adaptation of French '']''), i.e. without a ], or separate ethnic divisions/ identities.


=== Religiosity ===
The concept of "minorities" has only been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined by the ] of 1924 and thence strictly limited to Greeks, Jews and Armenians, only on religious matters, excluding from the scope of the concept the ethnic identities of these minorities as of others such as the Kurds who make up 15% of the country; others include Assyrians/Syriacs of various Christian denominations, Alevis and all the others.


In 2018, according to a KONDA survey, the ] was the following:<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-03|title=KONDA Toplumsal Değişim Raporu: Türkiye'de inançsızlık yükselişte|url=https://tr.euronews.com/2019/01/03/konda-nin-toplumsal-degisim-raporuna-gore-turkiye-de-inancsizlik-yukseliste|access-date=2020-08-04|website=euronews|language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hayat Tarzı – 10 Yılda Ne Değişti?|url=https://interaktif.konda.com.tr/tr/HayatTarzlari2018/#7thPage/1|access-date=2020-08-04|website=interaktif.konda.com.tr}}</ref>
There are many reports from sources such as (], ], ], national parliaments in EU member states, ] etc.) on persistent yet declining discrimination.
*'''51%''' defined themselves as ''"a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations''" (Religious)
*'''34%''' defined themselves as ''"a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations"'' (Not religious).
*'''10%''' defined themselves as ''"a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations"'' (Fully devout).
*'''2%''' defined themselves as "''someone who does not believe in religious obligations"'' (Non-believer).
*'''3%''' defined themselves as "''someone with no religious conviction"'' (Atheist).
Among those aged between 15 and 29 years old:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hayat Tarzı – 10 Yılda Gençlerde Ne Değişti?|url=https://interaktif.konda.com.tr/tr/Gencler2018/#secondPage/3|access-date=2020-08-04|website=interaktif.konda.com.tr}}</ref>


* '''43%''' defined themselves as ''"a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations''" (Religious)
Certain current trends are:
*'''45%''' defined themselves as ''"a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations"'' (Not religious).
* Turkish ] get salaries from the state (like Greek Orthodox clerics in Greece), whereas Turkish Alevi as well as non-Orthodox and non-Armenian clerics are not paid
*'''5%''' defined themselves as ''"a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations"'' (Fully devout).
* Imams can be trained freely at the numerous religious schools and theology departments of universities throughout the country; minority religions can not re-open schools for training of their local clerics due to legislation and international treaties dating back to the end of ]. The closing of the ] is a sore bone of contention between Turkey and the ] world;
*'''4%''' defined themselves as "''someone who does not believe in religious obligations"'' (Non-believer).
* The Turkish state sends out paid imams, working under authority from the Presidency of Religious Affairs (]) to various European or Asian countries with Turkish- or Turkic-speaking populations, with as local heads officials from the Turkish consulates;
*'''4%''' defined themselves as "''someone with no religious conviction"'' (Atheist).
* Turkey has recently engaged in promulgating a series of legal enactments aiming at removal of the procedural hurdles before the use of several local languages spoken by Turkish citizens such as Kurdish (Kurmanji), Arabic and Zaza as medium of public communication, together with several other smaller ethnic group languages. A few private Kurdish teaching centers have recently been allowed to open. Kurdish-language TV broadcasts on 7/24 basis at the public frequency denominated in the government-owned ], while the private national channels show no interest yet. However there are already several satellite Kurdish TV stations operating from Kurdish Autonomous Region at Northern Iraq and Western Europe, broadcasting in Kurdish, Turkish and Neo-Aramaic languages, ], ], etc.;
* Non-Muslim minority numbers are said to be falling rapidly, mainly as a result of aging, migration (to ], ], the ] and ]).
*There is concern over the future of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, which suffers from a lack of trained clergy due to the closure of the Halki school. The state does not recognise the Ecumenical status of the ].


According to the 2007 KONDA survey:<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.konda.com.tr/html/dosyalar/ghdl&t_en.pdf |title=Religion, Secularism and the Veil in daily life |author=KONDA Research and Consultancy |newspaper=Milliyet |date=2007-09-08 |page=26|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325005232/http://www.konda.com.tr/html/dosyalar/ghdl%26t_en.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-25 }}</ref>
According to figures released by the Foreign Ministry in December 2008, there are 89,000 Turkish citizens designated as belonging to a minority, two thirds of Armenian descent.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detaylar.do?load=detay&link=161291 |accessdate=2008-12-15 |title=Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey |date=2008-12-15 |work=] }}</ref>
* '''52.8%''' defined themselves as ''"a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations''" (Religious)
* '''34.3 %''' defined themselves as ''"a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations"'' (Not religious).
* '''9.7%''' defined themselves as ''"a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations"'' (Fully devout).
* '''2.3%''' defined themselves as "''someone who does not believe in religious obligations"'' (Non-believer).
* '''0.9%''' defined themselves as "''someone with no religious conviction"'' (Atheist).
In a 2006 ] survey, 69% of Turkey's Muslims said that "religion is very important in their lives".<ref>{{cite web |title=Lebanon's Muslims: Relatively Secular and Pro-Christian |url=http://pewresearch.org/pubs/41/lebanons-muslims-relatively-secular-and-pro-christian |last1=Wike |first1=Richard |author2=Juliana Menasce Horowitz |date=26 July 2006 |publisher=Pew Global Attitudes Project}}</ref> Based on the Gallup Poll 2006–08, Turkey was defined as ''More religious'', in which over 63 percent of people believe religion is important.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/114211/Alabamians-Iranians-Common.aspx |title=2009 Gallup poll Gallup Poll |date=9 February 2009 |publisher=Gallup.com |access-date=2014-06-17}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019123605/https://worldview.gallup.com/default.aspx |date=October 19, 2013 }}</ref>


Around 2007, according to the ], 62% of women wore the headscarf or ] in Turkey.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1752230.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727001915/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1752230.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 July 2008 |title=Head scarves to topple secular Turkey? |first=Christina |last=Lamb |date=2007-04-23 | location=London | work=The Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1752230.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727001915/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article1752230.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 July 2008 |title=Headscarf war threatens to split Turkey |work=Times Online |date=2007-05-06 | location=London | first1=Christina | last1=Lamb}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.salon.com/mwt/broadsheet/2007/04/23/headscarf/ |title=Head scarves to topple secular Turkey? |work=] |first=Tracy
==CIA World Factbook demographic statistics==
|last=Clark-Flory |access-date=2008-08-04 |date=2007-04-23}}</ref>
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook:<ref name="ciawfb"/>


==Migration==
'''Age structure'''
=== Immigration ===
<br>''0-14 years:'' 26.6% (male 10,707,793/female 10,226,999)
{{Main|Immigration to Turkey}}
<br>''15-64 years:'' 67.1% (male 26,741,332/female 26,162,757)
] is the process by which people ] to ] to reside in the country. After the ] and following ], an ] by the large portion of ] (]) and ] peoples from the ] (], ], ], ]), ] (], ], ], ], ]), ] (]), and ] (]) took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country's fundamental features. Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day, although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global ] movements — Turkey, for example, receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as ], ], ], ], and ], but also from ], ] and ]. ] during the 2010s saw high numbers of people arriving in Turkey, particularly ] the ].
<br>''65 years and over:'' 6.3% (male 2,259,422/female 2,687,245) (2011 est.)


As of August 2024, the number of refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey was estimated to be 3,097,660 people. The number of Syrians had decreased by 321,118 people in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Number of Syrians in Turkey July 2023 – Refugees Association |url=https://multeciler.org.tr/eng/number-of-syrians-in-turkey/ |website=multeciler.org.tr}}</ref> In 2022, nearly 100,000 Russian citizens migrated to Turkey, becoming the first in the list of foreigners who moved to Turkey, meaning an increase of more than 218% from 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Airport |first1=Turkish Airlines planes are parked at the new Istanbul |title=Russian migration to Turkey spikes by 218% in aftermath of Ukraine war - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/07/russian-migration-turkey-spikes-218-aftermath-ukraine-war |website=www.al-monitor.com |language=en |date=24 July 2023}}</ref>
'''Sex ratio'''
<br />''at birth:''
1.05 male(s)/female
<br />''under 15 years:''
1.05 male(s)/female
<br />''15–64 years:''
1.02 male(s)/female
<br />''65 years and over:''
0.84 male(s)/female
<br />''total population:''
1.02 male(s)/female (2010 est.)


In order to obtain Turkish citizenship there is a range of legal grounds, which can include: reunification with their family, marriage to a Turkish citizen, for the purchase of real estate worth $400,000 from a Turkish citizen or company.<ref>{{cite web |title=Условия приобретения гражданства Турции |url=https://realeast.biz/ru/grazhdanstvo-v-turczii/ |website=Гражданство Турции|access-date=1 June 2022}}</ref> The minimum investment amount was increased in May 2022, previously it was enough to invest $250,000. Also the basis is to work in Turkey, training, business, medical treatment, refugee status.
'''Life expectancy at birth'''
<br />''total population:''
72.5 years
<br />''male:''
70.61 years
<br />''female:''
74.49 years (2011 est.)


In 2023 the foreign population of Türkiye decreased by 253,293 down to 1,570,543.<ref>{{cite web |title=
'''Birth rate'''
The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2023 |url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2023-49684}}</ref>
<br />17.58 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)


Population in Turkey by country of citizenship by the end of each years:<ref name="data.tuik.gov.tr"/>
'''Death rate'''
<br />6.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)


{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
'''Net migration rate'''
|-
<br />0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
! Country
!2023
! 2022
! 2021
! 2020
|-
|Total people living in Turkey
|85 372 377
| 85 279 553
| 84 680 273
| 83 614 362
|-
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|83 801 834 (98.16%)
| 83 455 717 (97.86%)
| 82 888 237 (97.88%)
| 82 280 952 (98.41%)
|-
|Total foreign population
|1 570 543 (1.84%)
| 1 823 836 (2.14%)
| 1 792 036 (2.12%)
| 1 333 410 (1.59%)
|-
|{{flag|Iraq}}
|217 476 (0.25%)
| 275 305 (0.32%)
| 322 015 (0.38%)
| 281 074 (0.34%)
|-
|{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|164 131 (0.19%)
| 186 160 (0.22%)
| 183 567 (0.22%)
| 158 252 (0.19%)
|-
|{{flag|Russian Federation}}
|102 585 (0.12%)
| 151 049 (0.18%)
| 66 786 (0.08%)
| 43 679 (0.05%)
|-
|{{flag|Iran}}
|101 164 (0.12%)
| 117 026 (0.14%)
| 128 883 (0.15%)
| 68 561 (0.08%)
|-
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|110 349 (0.13%)
| 116 447 (0.14%)
| 123 965 (0.15%)
| 91 218 (0.11%)
|-
|{{flag|Germany}}
|114 293 (0.13%)
| 110 453 (0.13%)
| 102 592 (0.12%)
| 92 284 (0.11%)
|-
|{{flag|Syria}}
|79 952 (0.09%)
| 99 360 (0.12%)
| 104 554 (0.12%)
| 88 907 (0.11%)
|-
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|70 971 (0.08%)
| 68 884 (0.08%)
| 68 562(0.08%)
| 48 495 (0.06%)
|-
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|54 594 (0.06%)
| 61 754 (0.07%)
| 71 145 (0.08%)
| 36 510 (0.04%)
|-
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|40 483 (0.05%)
| 50 357 (0.06%)
| 23 377 (0.03%)
| 17 505 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|44 133 (0.05%)
| 45 530 (0.05%)
| 39 454 (0.05%)
| 23 645 (0.03%)
|-
|{{flag|Egypt}}
|28 451 (0.03%)
| 33 040 (0.04%)
| 34 162 (0.04%)
| 25 475 (0.03%)
|-
|{{flag|State of Palestine||name=Palestine}}
|21 612 (0.03%)
| 26 278 (0.03%)
| 28 027 (0.03%)
| 17 915 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|22 477 (0.03%)
| 24 485 (0.03%)
| 26 541 (0.03%)
| 18 019 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Jordan}}
|17 098 (0.02%)
| 22 733 (0.03%)
| 23 656 (0.03%)
| 14 260 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Libya}}
|15 621 (0.02%)
| 21 677 (0.03%)
| 24 188 (0.03%)
| 18 607 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Austria}}
|22 102 (0.03%)
| 21 311 (0.02%)
| 19 900 (0.02%)
| 18 047 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Somalia}}
|14 011 (0.02%)
| 20 906 (0.02%)
| 28 081 (0.03%)
| 17 245 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Yemen}}
|16 386 (0.02%)
| 19 099 (0.02%)
| 18 094 (0.02%)
| 14 927 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Morocco}}
|16 699 (0.02%)
| 18 482 (0.02%)
| 20 520 (0.02%)
| 12 122 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|15 734 (0.02%)
| 17 193 (0.02%)
| 16 440 (0.02%)
| 13 985 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|China}}
|14 030 (0.02%)
| 16 880 (0.02%)
| 20 486 (0.02%)
| 18 740 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}
|16 899 (0.02%)
| 16 612 (0.02%)
| 15 426 (0.02%)
| 14 195 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|13 903 (0.02%)
| 16 505 (0.02%)
| 17 290 (0.02%)
| 7 248 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Georgia (country)||name=Georgia}}
|11 851 (0.01%)
| 14 680 (0.02%)
| 19 276 (0.02%)
| 15 661 (0.02%)
|-
|{{flag|Greece}}
|14 164 (0.02%)
| 13 583 (0.02%)
| 12 569 (0.01%)
| 12 137 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|9 196 (0.01%)
| 12 928 (0.02%)
| 12 920 (0.02%)
| 7 120 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|United States}}
|10 655 (0.01%)
| 12 793 (0.02%)
| 12 773 (0.02%)
| 9 032 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Lebanon}}
|8 864 (0.01%)
| 12 430 (0.01%)
| 13 242 (0.02%)
| 5 943 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Algeria}}
|10 145 (0.01%)
| 12 248 (0.01%)
| 10 698 (0.01%)
| 5 914 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Sudan}}
|10 371 (0.01%)
| 11 613 (0.01%)
| 9 538 (0.01%)
| 3 193 (<0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|12 301 (0.01%)
| 11 280 (0.01%)
| 10 219 (0.01%)
| 5 226 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Netherlands}}
|7 786 (0.01%)
| 8 104 (0.01%)
| 7 686 (0.01%)
| 6 550 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|6 251 (0.01%)
| 7 153 (0.01%)
| 7 965 (0.01%)
| 3 626 (<0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|5 842 (0.01%)
| 6 790 (0.01%)
| 7 546 (0.01%)
| 6 295 (0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Kuwait}}
|5 699 (0.01%)
| 6 190 (0.01%)
| 5 498 (0.01%)
| 3 559 (<0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|3 724 (<0.01%)
| 6 165 (0.01%)
| 6 633 (0.01%)
| 2 936 (<0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|5 172 (0.01%)
| 6 075 (0.01%)
| 6 033 (0.01%)
| 2 961 (<0.01%)
|-
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|4 440 (0.01%)
| 5 169 (0.01%)
| 3 873 (<0.01%)
|
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|6 699 (0.01%)
| 4 669 (0.01%)
| 3 092 (<0.01%)
|
|-
|{{flag|France}}
|4 102 (<0.01%)
| 4 526 (0.01%)
| 4 294 (0.01%)
| 3 181 (<0.01%)
|}


=== Internal migration ===
'''Population growth rate'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
<br />1.197% (2012 est.)
|+ Place of origin (rows) versus place of residence (columns) for Turkish citizens in 2014<ref>TurkStat</ref>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>]</small>
! <small>Total Population</small>
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|2,162,588 || align=center|79,009 || align=center|72,123 || align=center|84,689 || align=center|38,802 || align=center|38,673 || align=center|4,858 || align=center|11,976 || align=center|9,147 || align=center|3,533 || align=center|3,667 || align=center|4,754 || align=center|2,513,819
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|523,725 || align=center|2,378,938 || align=center|187,256 || align=center|135,364 || align=center|44,409 || align=center|27,376 || align=center|5,140 || align=center|10,238 || align=center|4,513 || align=center|5,273 || align=center|7,110 || align=center|8,861 || align=center|3,338,203
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|297,143 || align=center|76,518 || align=center|7,047,801 || align=center|210,522 || align=center|134,073 || align=center|166,785 || align=center|16,606 || align=center|22,252 || align=center|10,354 || align=center|14,936 || align=center|20,388 || align=center|28,224 || align=center|8,045,602
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|520,698 || align=center|67,299 || align=center|131,586 || align=center|4,317,877 || align=center|187,043 || align=center|61,782 || align=center|10,715 || align=center|33.371 || align=center|10,701 || align=center|8,074 || align=center|9,775 || align=center|12,286 || align=center|5,371,207
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|272,835 || align=center|35,919 || align=center|259,387 || align=center|127,794 || align=center|3,721,634 || align=center|192,934 || align=center|49,942 || align=center|29,545 || align=center|8,468 || align=center|10,360 || align=center|13,727 || align=center|20,850 || align=center|4,743,395
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|470,673 || align=center|53,295 || align=center|250,529 || align=center|111,393 || align=center|228,398 || align=center|7,329,964 || align=center|100,729 || align=center|32,461 || align=center|16,963 || align=center|21,667 || align=center|46,013 || align=center|181,874 || align=center|8,843,959
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|1,346,007 || align=center|92,421 || align=center|297,114 || align=center|235,407 || align=center|1,223,857 || align=center|305,343 || align=center|3,466,971 || align=center|70,729 || align=center|16,604 || align=center|20,204 || align=center|32,153 || align=center|36,818 || align=center|7,143,628
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|2,637,016 || align=center|186,103 || align=center|252,628 || align=center|458,730 || align=center|956,151 || align=center|133,053 || align=center|54,578 || align=center|3,982,185 || align=center|42,935 || align=center|18,878 || align=center|21,757 || align=center|27,735 || align=center|8,771,749
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|1,918,805 || align=center|96,494 || align=center|152,843 || align=center|529,110 || align=center|241,801 || align=center|70,823 || align=center|19,104 || align=center|198,869 || align=center|2,382,704 || align=center|33,854 || align=center|11,852 || align=center|13,140 || align=center|5,669,399
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|1,580,876 || align=center|120,086 || align=center|504,588 || align=center|593,882 || align=center|344,929 || align=center|101,600 || align=center|63,029 || align=center|34,656 || align=center|32,761 || align=center|2,009,253 || align=center|39,921 || align=center|20,576 || align=center|5,446,157
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|1,293,157 || align=center|86,315 || align=center|359,161 || align=center|299,390 || align=center|167,451 || align=center|393,102 || align=center|31,612 || align=center|22,064 || align=center|11,070 || align=center|31,709 || align=center|3,438,577 || align=center|133,862 || align=center|6,267,470
|-
! <small>]</small>
| align=center|1,197,959 || align=center|65,538 || align=center|445,279 || align=center|174,765 || align=center|156,489 || align=center|1,002,771 || align=center|33,876 || align=center|23,666 || align=center|11,689 || align=center|22,036 || align=center|150,028 || align=center|7,738,941 || align=center|11,023,037
|-
! <small>Total population</small>
! align=center|14,221,482 || align=center|3,337,935 || align=center|9,960,295 || align=center|7,278,923 || align=center|7,445,037 || align=center|9,824,206 || align=center|3,857,160 || align=center|4,472,012 || align=center|2,557,909 || align=center|2,199,777 || align=center|3,794,968 || align=center|8,227,921 || align=center|77,177,625
|}


== See also ==
'''Total fertility rate'''
*]
<br />2.13 children born/woman (2012 est.)
*]
*]
*]


==References==
'''Urbanization'''
{{Reflist}}
<br />urban population: 70% of total population (2010)
<br />rate of urbanization: 1.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)


==Notes==
'''Nationality'''
{{Notelist}}
<br />''noun:''
Turk(s)
<br />''adjective:''
Turkish


==External links==
'''Ethnic groups'''
{{Commons category|Demographics of Turkey}}
<br />Turkish 70-75%, Kurdish 18%, others 5-12% (2008 est.)
*

*
'''Religions'''
*
<br />Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)

'''Languages'''
<br />Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages

'''Literacy'''
<br />''definition:''
age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 87.4%
<br />male: 95.3%
<br />female: 79.6% (2004 est.)

== References ==

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


{{Turkey topics}} {{Turkey topics}}
Line 691: Line 5,333:
{{Asia topic|Demographics of}} {{Asia topic|Demographics of}}
{{Demographics of Europe}} {{Demographics of Europe}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}
{{Europe topic|Ethnic groups in}}


{{Commons category|Demographics of Turkey}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Turkey}}
] ]

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Latest revision as of 16:26, 5 January 2025

Demographics of Turkey
Population pyramid of Turkey in 2020
PopulationIncrease 85,372,377
(31 December 2023)
DensityIncrease 111/km (290/sq mi) (2023)
Growth rateDecrease 0.11% (2023)
Birth rateDecrease 11.2 births/1,000 population (2023)
Death rateNegative increase 6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023)
Life expectancyIncrease 77.3 years (2023)
 • maleIncrease 74.7 years (2023)
 • femaleIncrease 80 years (2023)
Fertility rateDecrease 1.51 children born/woman (2023)
Infant mortality ratePositive decrease 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2022)
Net migration rateDecrease -1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Age structure
0–14 yearsDecrease 21.4% (2023)
15–64 yearsIncrease 68.3% (2023)
65 and overNegative increase 10.2% (2023)
Sex ratio
Total0.99 male(s)/female (2021)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female (2022)
Under 151.05 male(s)/female (2022)
15–64 years1.03 male(s)/female (2022)
65 and over0.82 male(s)/female (2022)
Nationality
NationalityTurkish
Major ethnicTurkish (70–75%)
Minor ethnic
Language
OfficialTurkish
SpokenLanguages of Turkey

Demographic features of the population of Turkey include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

As of 31 December 2023, the population of Turkey was 85.3 million with a growth rate of 0.11% per annum. Turks are the largest ethnic group.

By ethnicity Turks (70-75%), Kurds (19%), other (6-11%) including Armenians, Arabs, Assyrians, Albanians, Bosniaks, Circassians, Chechens, Georgians, Pomaks, Romani, Laz people, and others (2016 estimate).

The population has been aging in recent years, with just 21.4% falling in the 0–14 age bracket (down from 26.4% in 2007). The population over the age of 65 is 10.2% (up from 7.1% in 2007). As of 2023, the median age of the Turkish population is 34 years (up from 28.3 in 2007). According to OECD/World Bank population statistics, from 1990 to 2008 the population growth in Turkey was 16 million or 29%.

Population

Historical population

Historical population of Turkey
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
18908,274,971—    
191012,329,210+2.01%
192713,648,270+0.60%
193516,158,018+2.13%
194017,820,950+1.98%
194518,790,174+1.06%
195020,947,188+2.20%
195524,064,763+2.81%
196027,754,820+2.89%
196531,391,421+2.49%
197035,605,176+2.55%
YearPop.±% p.a.
197540,347,719+2.53%
198044,736,957+2.09%
198550,664,458+2.52%
199056,473,035+2.19%
200067,803,927+1.85%
201073,722,988+0.84%
201578,741,053+1.33%
202083,614,362+1.21%
202184,680,273+1.27%
202285,279,553+0.71%
202385,372,377+0.11%

Urbanization

Istanbul experienced a rapid population growth (The gray areas are buildings)

According to the CIA World Factbook:

  • Urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)
  • Rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)

Structure of the population

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (31.XII.2015) (Data based on Address Based Population Registration System.):

Age group Male Female Total Percent
Total 39,511,191 39,229,862 78,741,053 100
0–4 3,275,520 3,105,996 6,381,516 8.10
5–9 3,252,811 3,084,908 6,337,719 8.05
10–14 3,166,860 3,000,125 6,166,985 7.83
15–19 3,382,363 3,203,137 6,585,500 8.36
20–24 3,224,168 3,089,999 6,314,167 8.02
25–29 3,178,350 3,084,899 6,263,249 7.95
30–34 3,252,171 3,175,879 6,428,150 8.16
35–39 3,134,041 3,069,282 6,203,323 7.88
40–44 2,788,425 2,764,155 5,552,580 7.05
45–49 2,337,087 2,252,992 4,590,079 5.83
50–54 2,317,534 2,315,375 4,632,909 5.88
55–59 1,843,354 1,837,816 3,681,170 4.68
60–64 1,515,065 1,593,402 3,108,467 3.95
65–69 1,100,734 1,255,651 2,356,385 2.99
70–74 737,892 888,292 1,626,184 2.07
75–79 501,411 682,335 1,183,746 1.50
80–84 339,904 470,584 810,488 1.03
85–89 128,879 261,571 390,450 0.50
90+ 34,622 93,364 127,986 0.16
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9,695,191 9,191,029 18,886,220 23.99
15–64 26,972,558 26,387,036 53,359,594 67.77
65+ 2,843,442 3,651,797 6,495,239 8.25

Structure of the population (31.XII.2016):

Age group Male Female Total Percent
Total 40,043,650 39,771,221 79,814,871 100
0–4 3,314,542 3,144,753 6,459,295 8.09
5–9 3,253,345 3,084,099 6,337,444 7.94
10–14 3,147,133 2,981,910 6,129,043 7.68
15–19 3,400,443 3,222,876 6,623,319 8.30
20–24 3,247,764 3,117,959 6,365,723 7.98
25–29 3,169,360 3,076,681 6,246,041 7.83
30–34 3,196,645 3,113,766 6,310,411 7.91
35–39 3,275,175 3,219,158 6,494,333 8.14
40–44 2,833,655 2,800,662 5,634,317 7.06
45–49 2,412,875 2,335,639 4,748,514 5.95
50–54 2,381,640 2,374,604 4,756,244 5.96
55–59 1,855,171 1,860,565 3,715,736 4.66
60–64 1,636,510 1,706,438 3,342,948 4.19
65–69 1,132,464 1,280,073 2,412,537 3.02
70–74 763,121 917,371 1,680,492 2.11
75–79 512,607 689,443 1,202,050 1.51
80–84 336,206 473,119 809,325 1.01
85–89 136,238 265,520 401,758 0.50
90+ 38,756 106,585 145,341 0.18
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9,715,020 9,210,762 18,925,782 23.71
15–64 27,409,238 26,828,348 54,237,586 67.95
65+ 2,919,392 3,732,111 6,651,503 8.33

Structure of the population (31.XII.2017):

Age group Male Female Total Percent
Total 40 535 135 40 275 390 80 810 525 100
0–4 3 326 591 3 155 258 6 481 849 8.02
5–9 3 254 177 3 086 592 6 340 769 7.85
10–14 3 188 333 3 022 537 6 210 870 7.69
15–19 3 351 043 3 175 544 6 526 587 8.08
20–24 3 294 336 3 162 174 6 456 510 7.99
25–29 3 163 889 3 067 653 6 231 542 7.71
30–34 3 189 075 3 107 849 6 296 924 7.79
35–39 3 308 413 3 252 283 6 560 696 8.12
40–44 2 891 799 2 849 020 5 740 819 7.10
45–49 2 556 364 2 498 790 5 055 154 6.26
50–54 2 349 139 2 326 316 4 675 455 5.79
55–59 1 977 328 1 989 399 3 966 727 4.91
60–64 1 651 215 1 720 023 3 371 238 4.17
65–69 1 188 986 1 322 918 2 511 904 3.11
70–74 784 614 952 653 1 737 267 2.15
75–79 533 757 715 428 1 249 185 1.55
80–84 330 240 471 436 801 676 0.99
85–89 152 317 282 516 434 833 0.54
90+ 43 519 117 001 160 520 0.20
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9 769 101 9 264 387 19 033 488 23.55
15–64 27 732 601 27 149 051 54 881 652 67.91
65+ 3 033 433 3 861 952 6 895 385 8.53

Structure of the population (31.XII.2018):

Age group Male Female Total Percent
Total 41 139 980 40 863 902 82 003 882 100
0–4 3 327 780 3 157 206 6 484 986 7.91%
5–9 3 264 608 3 094 412 6 358 920 7.75%
10–14 3 254 277 3 086 146 6 340 423 7.73%
15–19 3 299 449 3 124 818 6 424 267 7.83%
20–24 3 347 297 3 199 832 6 547 129 7.98%
25–29 3 190 023 3 086 446 6 276 469 7.65%
30–34 3 205 205 3 127 948 6 333 153 7.72%
35–39 3 316 603 3 259 469 6 576 072 8.02%
40–44 2 953 329 2 892 697 5 846 026 7.13%
45–49 2 670 183 2 640 524 5 310 707 6.48%
50–54 2 372 182 2 329 142 4 701 324 5.73%
55–59 2 076 882 2 095 459 4 172 341 5.09%
60–64 1 692 130 1 753 731 3 445 861 4.20%
65–69 1 245 979 1 366 228 2 612 207 3.19%
70–74 835 353 1 021 569 1 856 922 2.26%
75–79 539 825 722 725 1 262 550 1.54%
80–84 318 882 474 854 793 736 0.97%
85–89 182 957 302 957 485 914 0.59%
90+ 47 136 127 739 174 875 0.21%
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9 846 565 9 337 764 19 184 329 23.39%
15–64 28 123 283 27 510 066 55 633 349 67.84%
65+ 3 170 132 4 016 072 7 186 204 8.76%

Structure of the population (31.XII.2019):

Age group Male Female Total Percent
Total 41 721 136 41 433 861 83 154 997 100
0–4 3 254 719 3 090 417 6 345 136 7.63%
5–9 3 316 621 3 144 418 6 461 039 7.77%
10–14 3 288 207 3 117 963 6 406 170 7.70%
15–19 3 254 891 3 076 703 6 331 594 7.61%
20–24 3 392 374 3 231 704 6 624 078 7.97%
25–29 3 240 657 3 126 654 6 367 311 7.66%
30–34 3 221 381 3 141 636 6 363 017 7.65%
35–39 3 324 759 3 260 084 6 584 843 7.92%
40–44 3 016 898 2 950 486 5 967 384 7.18%
45–49 2 772 838 2 760 721 5 533 559 6.65%
50–54 2 367 577 2 307 796 4 675 373 5.62%
55–59 2 178 454 2 211 543 4 389 997 5.28%
60–64 1 754 500 1 800 269 3 554 769 4.27%
65–69 1 301 371 1 421 301 2 722 672 3.27%
70–74 907 850 1 109 063 2 016 913 2.43%
75–79 560 695 747 604 1 308 299 1.57%
80–84 323 732 493 998 817 730 0.98%
85–89 192 938 304 472 497 410 0.60%
90+ 50 674 137 029 187 703 0.23%
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9 859 547 9 352 798 19 212 345 23.10%
15–64 28 524 329 27 867 596 56 391 925 67.82%
65+ 3 337 260 4 213 467 7 550 727 9.08%

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2020):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 41 915 985 41 698 377 83 614 362 100
0–4 3 140 172 2 981 535 6 121 707 7.32
5–9 3 349 253 3 177 340 6 526 593 7.81
10–14 3 294 985 3 124 952 6 419 937 7.68
15–19 3 201 588 3 028 526 6 230 114 7.45
20–24 3 408 434 3 255 202 6 663 636 7.97
25–29 3 240 543 3 130 411 6 370 954 7.62
30–34 3 199 710 3 119 184 6 318 894 7.56
35–39 3 270 512 3 203 071 6 473 583 7.74
40–44 3 145 645 3 089 465 6 235 110 7.46
45–49 2 788 035 2 775 631 5 563 666 6.65
50–54 2 325 190 2 259 442 4 584 632 5.48
55–59 2 273 088 2 304 499 4 577 587 5.47
60–64 1 764 938 1 809 456 3 574 394 4.27
65–69 1 399 052 1 539 663 2 938 715 3.51
70–74 960 742 1 170 963 2 131 705 2.55
75–79 583 671 771 675 1 355 346 1.62
80–84 339 767 521 432 861 199 1.03
85–89 177 532 289 216 466 748 0.56
90+ 53 128 146 714 199 842 0.24
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9 784 410 9 283 827 19 068 237 22.80
15–64 28 617 683 27 974 887 56 592 570 67.68
65+ 3 513 892 4 439 663 7 953 555 9.51

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2021):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 42 428 101 42 252 172 84 680 273 100
0–4 3 033 029 2 880 580 5 913 609 6.98
5–9 3 398 812 3 225 390 6 624 202 7.82
10–14 3 304 851 3 133 301 6 438 152 7.60
15–19 3 203 519 3 026 190 6 229 709 7.36
20–24 3 445 410 3 296 170 6 741 580 7.96
25–29 3 296 919 3 179 980 6 476 899 7.65
30–34 3 212 668 3 129 119 6 341 787 7.49
35–39 3 228 063 3 158 145 6 386 208 7.54
40–44 3 294 071 3 253 091 6 547 162 7.73
45–49 2 838 766 2 823 495 5 662 261 6.69
50–54 2 403 726 2 350 758 4 754 484 5.61
55–59 2 337 304 2 369 876 4 707 180 5.56
60–64 1 776 254 1 835 662 3 611 916 4.27
65–69 1 508 990 1 647 458 3 156 448 3.73
70–74 982 573 1 192 451 2 175 024 2.57
75–79 598 307 794 411 1 392 718 1.64
80–84 340 568 520 841 861 409 1.02
85–89 169 807 286 741 456 548 0.54
90+ 54 464 148 513 202 977 0.24
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9 736 692 9 239 271 18 975 963 22.41
15–64 29 036 700 28 422 486 57 459 186 67.85
65+ 3 654 709 4 590 415 8 245 124 9.74

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2022):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 42 704 112 42 575 441 85 279 553 100
0–4 2 904 379 2 759 241 5 663 620 6.64
5–9 3 404 972 3 230 105 6 635 077 7.78
10–14 3 303 371 3 133 043 6 436 414 7.55
15–19 3 244 500 3 070 609 6 315 109 7.41
20–24 3 388 724 3 245 984 6 634 708 7.78
25–29 3 334 439 3 218 730 6 553 169 7.68
30–34 3 199 028 3 116 019 6 315 047 7.41
35–39 3 215 451 3 151 290 6 366 741 7.47
40–44 3 321 873 3 284 156 6 606 029 7.75
45–49 2 893 831 2 869 703 5 763 534 6.76
50–54 2 543 588 2 511 036 5 054 624 5.93
55–59 2 305 846 2 321 295 4 627 141 5.53
60–64 1 893 862 1 962 809 3 856 671 4.52
65–69 1 523 412 1 661 877 3 185 289 3.74
70–74 1 031 897 1 232 222 2 264 119 2.65
75–79 617 021 827 777 1 444 798 1.69
80–84 353 290 540 167 893 457 1.05
85–89 165 676 284 407 450 083 0.53
90+ 58 952 154 971 213 923 0.25
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9 612 722 9 122 389 18 735 111 21.97
15–64 29 341 142 28 751 631 58 092 773 68.12
65+ 3 750 248 4 701 421 8 451 669 9.91

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (31.XII.2023):

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 42 734 071 42 638 306 85 372 377 100
0–4 2 741 873 2 606 181 5 348 054 6.26
5–9 3 368 825 3 197 661 6 566 486 7.69
10–14 3 283 764 3 113 329 6 397 093 7.49
15–19 3 283 511 3 113 008 6 396 519 7.49
20–24 3 317 007 3 158 513 6 475 520 7.59
25–29 3 330 851 3 212 210 6 543 061 7.66
30–34 3 172 482 3 094 683 6 267 165 7.34
35–39 3 190 762 3 138 484 6 329 246 7.41
40–44 3 298 682 3 265 956 6 564 638 7.69
45–49 2 932 767 2 894 024 5 826 791 6.83
50–54 2 637 680 2 634 986 5 272 666 6.18
55–59 2 315 313 2 311 209 4 626 522 5.42
60–64 1 980 198 2 055 612 4 035 810 4.73
65–69 1 554 059 1 686 354 3 240 413 3.80
70–74 1 077 788 1 267 553 2 345 341 2.75
75–79 656 329 886 599 1 542 928 1.81
80–84 357 820 546 603 904 423 1.06
85–89 163 397 288 413 451 810 0.53
90+ 70 963 166 928 237 891 0.28
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 9 394 462 8 917 171 18 311 633 21.45
15–64 29 459 253 28 878 685 58 337 938 68.33
65+ 3 880 356 4 842 450 8 722 806 10.22

Vital statistics

Registered births and deaths

Population (31.12.) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death (per 1000) Natural increase (per 1000) Crude migration (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR)
1990 1,392,000 388,000 1,004,000 3.11
1991 1,390,000 391,000 999,000 3.02
1992 1,388,000 394,000 994,000 2.94
1993 1,385,000 396,000 989,000 2.87
1994 1,372,000 399,000 973,000 2.81
1995 1,368,000 402,000 966,000 2.76
1996 1,386,000 419,000 967,000 2.70
1997 1,317,000 424,000 893,000 2.66
1998 1,318,000 426,000 892,000 2.61
1999 1,313,000 427,000 886,000 2.56
2000 1,307,000 422,000 885,000 2.50
2001 1,323,341 175,137 1,148,204 20.3 2.38
2002 1,229,555 175,434 1,054,121 18.6 2.40
2003 1,198,927 184,330 1,014,597 17.9 2.35
2004 1,222,484 187,086 1,035,398 18.1 2.31
2005 1,244,041 197,520 1,046,521 18.2 2.27
2006 1,255,432 210,146 1,045,286 18.1 2.24
2007 70,586,256 1,289,992 212,731 1,077,261 18.3 3.0 15.3 2.21
2008 71,517,100 1,295,511 215,562 1,079,949 18.1 3.0 15.1 -2.1 2.19
2009 72,561,312 1,266,751 369,703 897,048 17.6 5.1 12.5 2.0 2.10
2010 73,722,988 1,261,169 366,471 894,698 17.2 5.0 12.2 3.6 2.08
2011 74,724,269 1,252,812 376,162 876,650 16.9 5.1 11.8 1.7 2.05
2012 75,627,384 1,294,605 376,520 918,085 17.2 5.0 12.2 -0.2 2.11
2013 76,667,864 1,297,505 373,041 924,464 17.0 4.9 12.1 1.5 2.11
2014 77,695,904 1,351,088 391,091 959,997 17.5 5.1 12.4 0.9 2.19
2015 78,741,053 1,336,908 405,528 931,380 17.1 5.2 11.9 1.4 2.16
2016 79,814,871 1,316,204 422,964 893,240 16.6 5.3 11.3 2.3 2.11
2017 80,810,525 1,300,258 426,662 873,596 16.2 5.3 10.9 1.5 2.08
2018 82,003,882 1,256,282 426,785 829,497 15.4 5.2 10.2 4.4 2.00
2019 83,154,997 1,189,939 436,624 753,315 14.4 5.3 9.1 4.8 1.89
2020 83,614,362 1,117,942 509,048 608,894 13.4 6.1 7.3 -1.8 1.77
2021 84,680,273 1,083,336 566,485 516,851 12.9 6.7 6.2 6.4 1.71
2022 85,279,553 1,035,795 504,839 530,956 12.2 5.9 6.3 0.7 1.63
2023 85,372,277 958,408 525,814 432,594 11.2 6.2 5.0 -3.9 1.51

Birth statistics of Turkey from 2001 onward are from the Central Population Administrative System (MERNIS) database which is available online. Birth statistics are updated continually because MERNIS has dynamic structure.

In 2011 Turkey had a crude birth rate of 16.7 per 1000, in 2010 17.2, down from 20.3 in 2001. The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2011 was 2.02 children per woman, in 2010 2.05. The crude birth rate in 2010 ranged from 11.5 per 1,000 in West Marmara (TFR 1.52) (11,5;1.55 in 2011), similar to neighbouring Bulgaria, to 27.9 per 1,000 in Southeast Anatolia (TFR 3.53) (27.1;3,42 in 2011), similar to neighbouring Syria. Similarly, in 2012, the TFR ranged from 1.43 in Kırklareli, to 4.39 in Şanlıurfa. Death statistics from MERNIS are available as of 2009. Mortality data prior to 2009 are incomplete.

Demographic and Health Surveys

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1993 22,9 2,7 (1,8) 21,7 2,4 (1,7) 24,0 3,1 (2,0)
1998 23,4 2,61 (1,9) 22,8 2,39 (1,9) 24,7 3,08 (2,1)

Total fertility rate by region in Turkey by Turkish General Census (GNS) and Turkish population and health research (TNSA).

South-East East Mediterranean Black Sea Central Aegean Marmara Turkey
TNSA 1978 6,31 3,77 4,99 4,26 2,89 4,33
GNS 1980 4,61 4,64 3,50 3,65 3,76 2,81 2,73 3,41
TNSA 1993 4,40 2,37 3,15 2,44 2,03 2,65
TNSA 1998 4,19 2,55 2,68 2,56 2,03 2,61
GNS 2000 4,31 3,72 2,43 2,28 2,29 1,96 1,88 2,53
TNSA 2003 3,65 2,30 1,94 1,86 1,88 2,23
GNS rural 2000 4,80 4,52 2,52 2,56 2,91 2,23 2,03 2,87
GNS urban 2000 4,05 3,08 2,38 2,01 2,05 1,80 1,85 2,20
GNS metropolitan 2000 3,81 2,34 2,41 1,87 1,89 1,60 1,83 2,03

UN estimates

The 2018 figures from the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs:

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR CDR NC TFR IMR
1950–1955 1,127,000 551,000 677,000 48.4 18.8 29.6 6.69 167.4
1955–1960 1,216,000 564,000 752,000 46.9 18.4 28.5 6.5 163.9
1960–1965 1,277,000 547,000 799,000 44.3 17.6 26.7 6.2 160.5
1965–1970 1,343,000 527,000 792,000 40.3 16.7 23.6 5.80 156.9
1970–1975 1,451,000 523,000 887,000 38.7 15.0 23.7 5.39 141.3
1975–1980 1,497,000 505,000 977,000 36.4 13.0 23.4 4.69 119.4
1980–1985 1,527,000 481,000 1,074,000 33.8 10.8 23.0 4.11 96.7
1985–1990 1,431,000 454,000 976,000 27.7 8.8 18.9 3.39 78.0
1990–1995 1,375,000 438,000 987,000 25.1 7.7 17.4 3.11 63.0
1995–2000 1,389,000 418,000 983,000 22.8 6.9 15.9 2.76 45.5
2000–2005 1,345,000 404,000 923,000 20.5 6.2 14.3 2.50 31.4
2005–2010 1,309,000 415,000 932,000 18.7 5.9 12.8 2.27 24.0
2010–2015 1,302,000 439,000 914,000 17.3 5.8 11.5 2.15 13.0
2015–2020 1,281,000 473,000 808,000 15.8 5.8 10.0 2.10
2020–2025 1,242,000 509,000 733,000 14.6 6.0 8.6 2.04
2025–2030 1,191,000 543,000 648,000 13.6 6.2 7.4 2.01
  1. ^ CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births


Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth in Turkey since 1937
Life expectancy in Turkey by gender since 1960
Life expectancy in Turkish provinces in 2018-20
Life expectancy in Turkey according to the UN
Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 41.01 1985–1990 63.04
1955–1960 43.69 1990–1995 65.49
1960–1965 47.22 1995–2000 68.49
1965–1970 50.78 2000–2005 71.37
1970–1975 53.75 2005–2010 73.37
1975–1980 57.05 2010–2015 74.83
1980–1985 60.22 2015–2020 77.31

Regional data

Birth and death rates

Birth and Death Rate by Region and Year
Birth Rate by Region and Year
Region Population (2023) Birth Rate (TFR)/2023 Birth Rate (TFR)/2022 Birth Rate (TFR)/2021 Birth Rate (TFR)/2020 Birth Rate (TFR)/2019 Birth Rate (TFR)/2018 Birth Rate (TFR)/2017 Birth Rate (TFR)/2016 Birth Rate (TFR)/2015 Birth Rate (TFR)/2014 Birth Rate (TFR)/2013 Birth Rate (TFR)/2012 Birth Rate (TFR)/2011 Birth Rate (TFR)/2010 Birth Rate (TFR)/2009
Turkey 85 372 377 11.2 (1.51) 12.2 (1.62) 12.9 (1.71) 13.4 (1.77) 14.4 (1.89) 15.4 (2.00) 16.2 (2.08) 16.6 (2.11) 17.1 (2.16) 17.5 (2.19) 17.0 (2.11) 17.2 (2.11) 16.9 (2.05) 17.2 (2.08) 17.6 (2.10)
İstanbul 15 655 924 9.9 (1.20) 10.7 (1.29) 11.5 (1.39) 12.4 (1.48) 13.6 (1.60) 14.8 (1.73) 15.6 (1.80) 16.3 (1.86) 16.7 (1.88) 17.0 (1.89) 16.4 (1.81) 16.5 (1.80) 15.9 (1.72) 16.3 (1.77) 16.4 (1.77)
West Marmara 3 808 146 8.9 (1.35) 9.4 (1.41) 9.6 (1.43) 10.1 (1.50) 10.6 (1.57) 11.5 (1.67) 11.8 (1.70) 11.9 (1.69) 12.0 (1.69) 12.1 (1.69) 11.9 (1.64) 11.9 (1.63) 11.6 (1.57) 11.5 (1.54) 11.7 (1.54)
Aegean 10 946 780 9.2 (1.34) 9.8 (1.41) 10.2 (1.45) 10.7 (1.50) 11.4 (1.58) 12.2 (1.68) 12.9 (1.75) 13.2 (1.76) 13.6 (1.80) 13.8 (1.80) 13.4 (1.73) 13.7 (1.74) 13.2 (1.66) 13.3 (1.66) 13.7 (1.69)
East Marmara 8 598 503 10.4 (1.41) 11.0 (1.48) 11.7 (1.56) 12.2 (1.61) 13.2 (1.72) 14.2 (1.83) 14.6 (1.87) 15.0 (1.89) 15.2 (1.90) 15.3 (1.88) 14.8 (1.80) 15.0 (1.80) 14.5 (1.71) 14.8 (1.74) 15.2 (1.77)
West Anatolia 8 387 683 10.2 (1.33) 10.9 (1.42) 11.4 (1.48) 12.0 (1.55) 13.0 (1.66) 14.1 (1.78) 14.7 (1.84) 15.1 (1.87) 15.5 (1.90) 15.8 (1.91) 15.4 (1.85) 15.4 (1.83) 15.2 (1.79) 15.4 (1.80) 15.8 (1.83)
Mediterranean 10 851 089 11.1 (1.57) 12.2 (1.71) 12.8 (1.77) 13.3 (1.83) 14.3 (1.96) 15.4 (2.08) 16.3 (2.18) 17.0 (2.24) 17.5 (2.29) 18.0 (2.32) 17.6 (2.24) 17.8 (2.23) 17.3 (2.14) 17.8 (2.18) 18.3 (2.20)
Central Anatolia 4 181 284 10.4 (1.45) 11.3 (1.56) 11.8 (1.62) 12.3 (1.68) 13.2 (1.79) 14.1 (1.89) 14.9 (1.99) 15.4 (2.05) 15.8 (2.09) 16.4 (2.14) 16.0 (2.06) 16.3 (2.07) 16.4 (2.06) 16.7 (2.08) 17.6 (2.16)
West Black Sea 4 730 539 8.4 (1.28) 9.0 (1.35) 9.4 (1.41) 9.8 (1.47) 10.6 (1.57) 11.2 (1.63) 11.6 (1.67) 11.9 (1.69) 12.2 (1.73) 12.7 (1.77) 12.8 (1.76) 13.0 (1.77) 13.0 (1.74) 13.6 (1.79) 14.2 (1.84)
East Black Sea 2 733 265 8.8 (1.34) 9.3 (1.39) 9.8 (1.45) 10.3 (1.52) 11.0 (1.61) 11.6 (1.69) 12.0 (1.73) 12.3 (1.77) 12.5 (1.78) 12.8 (1.81) 12.8 (1.77) 13.0 (1.78) 13.1 (1.77) 13.6 (1.81) 14.1 (1.86)
Northeast Anatolia 2 171 569 13.6 (1.75) 15.0 (1.92) 16.5 (2.11) 17.1 (2.18) 18.4 (2.36) 19.1 (2.45) 20.6 (2.64) 21.2 (2.72) 21.7 (2.79) 22.7 (2.90) 22.4 (2.85) 22.8 (2.90) 22.9 (2.90) 23.4 (2.97) 23.1 (2.91)
Central East Anatolia 3 896 971 14.3 (1.81) 16.0 (2.01) 16.8 (2.12) 17.8 (2.23) 19.3 (2.43) 20.0 (2.52) 21.1 (2.65) 21.2 (2.67) 21.9 (2.75) 23.0 (2.87) 22.6 (2.83) 22.5 (2.82) 22.9 (2.85) 23.6 (2.95) 23.9 (3.00)
Southeast Anatolia 9 410 624 19.3 (2.45) 21.3 (2.71) 22.7 (2.86) 22.5 (2.84) 23.8 (3.03) 25.5 (3.23) 26.6 (3.36) 26.7 (3.38) 27.8 (3.52) 28.7 (3.63) 27.6 (3.48) 28.0 (3.53) 27.7 (3.48) 28.2 (3.57) 28.3 (3.59)
Death Rate by Region and Year
Region Population (2023) Death Rate (2023) Death Rate (2022) Death Rate (2021) Death Rate (2020) Death Rate (2019) Death Rate (2018) Death Rate (2017) Death Rate (2016) Death Rate (2015) Death Rate (2014) Death Rate (2013) Death Rate (2012) Death Rate (2011) Death Rate (2010) Death Rate (2009)
Turkey 85 372 377 6.2 5.9 6.7 6.1 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.1
İstanbul 15 655 924 4.4 4.6 5.4 4.9 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2
West Marmara 3 808 146 8.3 9.0 9.8 8.1 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.5 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3
Aegean 10 946 780 7.1 7.7 8.2 7.5 6.7 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.9 6.2 6.2 5.9 6.0
East Marmara 8 598 503 5.9 6.3 7.3 6.3 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6
West Anatolia 8 387 683 5.3 5.5 6.2 6.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8
Mediterranean 10 851 089 8.5 5.7 6.5 5.8 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
Central Anatolia 4 181 284 6.3 6.7 7.8 7.1 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.7
West Black Sea 4 730 539 8.1 8.8 9.9 8.5 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.3 6.9 7.0 7.0 6.8 7.0
East Black Sea 2 733 265 7.6 8.7 9.6 8.0 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.0 6.9 6.8 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.2 6.4
Northeast Anatolia 2 171 569 4.9 5.2 6.1 5.7 4.9 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.0 5.4 5.0 5.1
Central East Anatolia 3 896 971 4.5 4.3 5.2 5.1 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.5
Southeast Anatolia 9 410 624 4.9 3.5 4.3 4.2 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

Regional births and deaths

Absolute Births and Deaths by Region and Year
Absolute Births by Region and Year
Region Population (2023) Births (2023) Births (2022) Births (2021) Births (2020) Births (2019) Births (2018) Births (2017) Births (2016) Births (2015) Births (2014) Births (2013) Births (2012) Births (2011) Births (2010) Births (2009)
Turkey 85 372 377 958,408 1,035,795 1,083,336 1,117,942 1,189,939 1,256,282 1,300,258 1,316,204 1,336,908 1,351,088 1,297,505 1,294,605 1,252,812 1,261,169 1,266,751
İstanbul 15 655 924 156,708 170,084 180,718 192,424 208,264 223,013 233,220 240,027 242,888 242,397 229,390 226,594 213,441 213,821 210,441
West Marmara 3 808 146 33,782 34,812 35,060 36,522 38,159 40,590 40,933 40,495 40,391 40,138 38,806 38,517 37,058 36,284 36,400
Aegean 10 946 780 100,371 106,284 109,564 113,538 120,023 127,579 132,868 134,176 137,187 137,438 132,299 133,419 127,833 128,112 129,927
East Marmara 8 598 503 89,106 93,238 97,590 99,942 106,064 112,164 113,462 113,585 112,635 111,115 105,761 105,203 99,704 100,386 100,928
West Anatolia 8 387 683 85,363 90,738 93,796 98,139 104,588 111,376 115,079 116,456 117,694 117,405 112,593 111,279 108,026 106,921 107,734
Mediterranean 10 851 089 121,168 134,115 138,127 142,483 150,950 159,689 166,815 171,561 174,874 177,272 170,686 169,985 163,817 166,123 167,506
Central Anatolia 4 181 284 43,099 46,628 48,257 50,332 53,825 56,527 58,933 60,381 61,569 63,446 61,669 62,634 62,989 64,216 67,174
West Black Sea 4 730 539 39,272 41,807 43,903 45,773 49,595 51,705 52,779 53,722 54,995 57,099 57,369 58,377 58,511 61,393 63,972
East Black Sea 2 733 265 23,931 25,073 26,202 27,682 29,627 31,002 31,556 32,092 32,144 32,817 32,558 32,774 32,836 34,272 35,565
Northeast Anatolia 2 171 569 29,457 32,640 36,004 37,557 40,613 41,915 45,262 46,609 47,720 49,996 49,605 50,781 50,779 51,578 50,778
Central East Anatolia 3 896 971 55,850 62,761 66,389 70,007 75,717 77,860 81,133 81,298 83,682 87,027 84,963 84,018 84,344 86,055 86,812
Southeast Anatolia 9 410 624 180,301 197,615 207,726 203,543 212,514 222,862 228,218 225,802 231,129 234,938 221,806 221,024 213,474 212,008 209,514
Absolute Deaths by Region and Year
Region Population (2023) Deaths (2023) Deaths (2022) Deaths (2021) Deaths (2020) Deaths (2019) Deaths (2018) Deaths (2017) Deaths (2016) Deaths (2015) Deaths (2014) Deaths (2013) Deaths (2012) Deaths (2011) Deaths (2010) Deaths (2009)
Turkey 85 372 377 525,814 504,839 566,485 509,048 436,624 426,785 426,662 422,964 405,528 391,091 373,041 376,520 376,162 366,471 369,703
İstanbul 15 655 924 69,937 73,751 84,243 76,407 63,486 62,594 63,372 62,572 60,093 58,009 54,770 54,696 53,165 52,812 53,761
West Marmara 3 808 146 31,176 33,315 35,752 29,385 27,589 27,456 27,219 26,416 26,145 24,864 23,229 23,496 23,167 23,007 22,687
Aegean 10 946 780 78,002 83,124 87,904 79,805 71,047 68,644 68,475 67,699 64,844 61,126 57,651 60,234 59,623 56,658 57,068
East Marmara 8 598 503 50,441 53,615 60,288 51,536 45,264 44,858 44,250 43,628 41,991 40,007 38,291 38,220 38,094 37,526 37,379
West Anatolia 8 387 683 44,744 45,783 51,273 50,005 39,814 39,382 38,910 37,765 35,814 34,589 33,219 33,369 33,097 32,270 32,976
Mediterranean 10 851 089 92,609 62,678 69,851 61,592 52,801 50,776 50,533 50,229 47,411 45,439 43,949 43,404 42,900 41,834 41,264
Central Anatolia 4 181 284 26,311 27,462 31,862 28,802 24,198 23,890 24,005 23,914 23,086 22,379 21,238 21,049 21,873 21,299 21,582
West Black Sea 4 730 539 38,210 40,926 46,100 39,595 35,366 34,984 34,748 34,359 33,355 32,772 31,011 31,476 31,651 30,541 31,279
East Black Sea 2 733 265 20,728 23,365 25,906 21,342 19,345 18,606 19,183 18,339 17,672 17,292 15,996 16,504 16,266 15,574 16,158
Northeast Anatolia 2 171 569 10,688 11,344 13,370 12,564 10,779 10,900 10,915 11,020 11,013 10,787 10,667 11,052 11,870 10,955 11,154
Central East Anatolia 3 896 971 17,528 16,953 20,460 19,979 15,969 15,530 16,086 16,132 15,685 15,441 15,430 15,419 16,551 16,114 16,491
Southeast Anatolia 9 410 624 45,440 32,523 39,476 38,036 30,966 29,165 28,966 30,891 28,419 28,386 27,590 27,601 27,905 27,881 27,904

Regional natural increase

Natural Increase by Region and Year
Natural Increase by Region and Year
Region Population (2023) Natural Increase (2022) Natural Increase (2021) Natural Increase (2020) Natural Increase (2019) Natural Increase (2018) Natural Increase (2017) Natural Increase (2016) Natural Increase (2015) Natural Increase (2014) Natural Increase (2013) Natural Increase (2012) Natural Increase (2011) Natural Increase (2010) Natural Increase (2009)
Turkey 85 372 377 530 956/6.3 516 851/6.2 608 894/7.3 753 315/9.1 829 497/10.2 873 596/10.9 893 240/11.3 931 380/11.9 959 997/12.4 924 464/12.1 918 085/12.2 876 650/11.8 894 698/12.2 897 048/12.5
İstanbul 15 655 924 96 333/6.1 96 475/6.1 116 017/7.5 144 778/9.4 160 419/10.6 169 848/11.4 177 455/12.0 182 795/12.6 184 388/12.9 174 620/12.5 171 898/12.5 160 276/11.9 161 009/12.3 156 680/12.2
West Marmara 3 808 146 1 497/0.4 -692/-0.2 7 137/2.0 10 570/2.9 13 134/3.7 13 714/3.9 14 079/4.1 14 246/4.2 15 274/4.6 15 577/4.8 15 021/4.7 13 891/4.4 13 277/4.2 13 713/4.4
Aegean 10 946 780 23 160/2.1 21 660/2.0 33 733/3.2 48 976/4.7 58 935/5.6 64 393/6.2 66 477/6.5 72 343/7.2 76 312/7.7 74 648/7.6 73 185/7.5 68 210/7.0 71 454/7.4 72 859/7.7
East Marmara 8 598 503 39 623/4.7 37 302/4.4 48 406/5.9 60 800/7.6 67 306/8.5 69 212/8.9 69 957/9.2 70 644/9.5 71 108/9.8 67 470/9.5 66 983/9.6 61 610/8.9 62 860/9.3 63 549/9.6
West Anatolia 8 387 683 44 955/5.4 42 523/5.2 48 134/5.9 64 774/8.0 71 994/9.1 76 169/9.7 78 691/10.2 81 880/10.8 82 816/11.1 79 374/10.9 77 910/10.8 74 929/10.6 74 651/10.7 74 758/11.0
Mediterranean 10 851 089 71 437/6.5 68 276/6.3 80 891/7.5 98 149/9.3 108 913/10.5 116 282/11.4 121 332/12.0 127 463/12.8 131 833/13.4 126 737/13.1 126 581/13.2 120 917/12.8 124 289/13.3 126 242/13.8
Central Anatolia 4 181 284 19 166/4.6 16 395/4.0 21 530/5.2 29 627/7.3 32 637/8.2 34 928/8.8 36 467/9.3 38 483/9.9 41 067/10.6 40 431/10.5 41 585/10.8 41 116/10.7 42 917/11.2 45 592/12.0
West Black Sea 4 730 539 881/0.2 -2 197/-0.5 6 178/1.3 14 229/3.0 16 721/3.6 18 031/4.0 19 363/4.3 21 640/4.8 24 327/5.4 26 358/5.9 26 901/6.0 26 860/6.0 30 852/6.8 32 693/7.3
East Black Sea 2 733 265 1 708/0.6 296/0.2 6 340/2.3 10 282/3.8 12 396/4.6 12 373/4.7 13 753/5.3 14 472/5.6 15 525/6.1 16 562/6.5 16 270/6.4 16 570/6.6 18 698/7.4 19 407/7.7
Northeast Anatolia 2 171 569 21 296/9.8 22 634/10.4 24 993/11.4 29 834/13.5 31 015/14.1 34 347/15.6 35 589/16.2 36 707/16.7 39 209/17.8 38 938/17.6 39 729/17.8 38 909/17.6 40 623/18.5 39 624/18.0
Central East Anatolia 3 896 971 45 808/11.7 45 929/11.6 50 028/12.7 59 748/15.2 62 330/16.0 65 047/16.9 65 166/17.0 67 997/17.8 71 586/18.9 69 533/18.5 68 599/18.4 67 793/18.4 69 941/19.2 70 321/19.4
Southeast Anatolia 9 410 624 165 092/17.8 168 250/18.4 165 507/18.3 181 548/20.3 193 697/22.2 199 252/23.2 194 911/23.1 202 710/24.4 206 552/25.3 194 216/24.2 193 423/24.5 185 569/24.1 184 127/24.5 181 610/24.5

Regional total fertility rate (TFR)

Total fertility rate (TFR) by province and year

Figures from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat):

Turkey total fertility rate by province (2023)   3–4   2–3   1.5 – 2   1 – 1.5
Total fertility rate by province 1980
  5–6   4–5   3–4   2–3   1.5 – 2   1 – 1.5
Total fertility rate by province (2013)
Total fertility rate by province (2014)
Total fertility rate by province (2015)
Total fertility rate by province (2019)
Total fertility rate by province (2020)
Total fertility rate by province (2021)
Total fertility rate by province (2022)
Total fertility rate by province (2023)
Total fertility rate development by province 2009–2015
  > 12%   8 to 12%   4 to 8%   0 to 4%   -4 to 0%   -8 to −4%   -12 to −8%   < -12%
Province Population (2023) TFR (1980) TFR (2000) TFR (2009) TFR (2010) TFR (2011) TFR (2012) TFR (2013) TFR (2014) TFR (2015) TFR (2016) TFR (2017) TFR (2018) TFR (2019) TFR (2020) TFR (2021) TFR (2022) TFR (2023)
Turkey 85 372 377 2.12 2.08 2.05 2.11 2.10 2.18 2.15 2.11 2.07 1.99 1.88 1.76 1.71 1.62 1.51
İstanbul 15 655 924 1.77 1.77 1.72 1.80 1.81 1.89 1.88 1.86 1.80 1.73 1.60 1.48 1.39 1.29 1.20
West Marmara 3 808 146 1.54 1.54 1.57 1.63 1.64 1.69 1.69 1.68 1.69 1.66 1.56 1.49 1.43 1.41 1.35
Tekirdağ 1 167 059 1.83 1.69 1.67 1.72 1.79 1.82 1.88 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.77 1.65 1.59 1.53 1.45
Edirne 419 913 2.41 1.66 1.43 1.39 1.45 1.51 1.49 1.46 1.54 1.48 1.46 1.43 1.34 1.34 1.31 1.31 1.23
Kırklareli 377 156 1.70 1.38 1.39 1.35 1.45 1.45 1.56 1.55 1.48 1.53 1.48 1.43 1.40 1.30 1.31 1.24
Balıkesir 1 273 519 1.95 1.53 1.56 1.58 1.62 1.65 1.71 1.65 1.67 1.66 1.63 1.54 1.48 1.41 1.42 1.36
Çanakkale 570 499 1.68 1.50 1.44 1.53 1.58 1.52 1.57 1.55 1.56 1.57 1.56 1.47 1.39 1.32 1.28 1.29
Aegean 10 946 780 1.69 1.66 1.66 1.74 1.73 1.80 1.80 1.76 1.74 1.67 1.57 1.49 1.45 1.41 1.34
İzmir 4 479 525 1.75 1.57 1.54 1.56 1.66 1.64 1.72 1.72 1.68 1.65 1.59 1.48 1.39 1.36 1.31 1.22
Aydın 1 161 702 2.12 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.82 1.79 1.84 1.85 1.82 1.87 1.78 1.67 1.57 1.54 1.49 1.42
Denizli 1 059 082 2.19 1.73 1.66 1.70 1.74 1.76 1.87 1.86 1.80 1.79 1.71 1.61 1.55 1.50 1.47 1.41
Muğla 1 066 736 1.94 1.71 1.70 1.67 1.76 1.73 1.76 1.77 1.73 1.69 1.64 1.55 1.50 1.43 1.35 1.29
Manisa 1 475 716 2.14 1.78 1.77 1.79 1.86 1.89 1.94 1.93 1.91 1.86 1.83 1.75 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.57
Afyonkarahisar 751 344 3.74 2.82 2.06 2.01 2.01 2.03 1.98 2.09 2.08 2.01 1.97 1.89 1.84 1.74 1.67 1.61 1.53
Kütahya 575 674 2.19 1.55 1.60 1.53 1.55 1.52 1.58 1.59 1.52 1.50 1.43 1.34 1.31 1.21 1.18 1.16
Uşak 377 001 2.18 1.64 1.67 1.64 1.74 1.76 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.69 1.59 1.50 1.44 1.37 1.38 1.32
East Marmara 8 598 503 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.80 1.80 1.88 1.89 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.71 1.61 1.56 1.48 1.41
Bursa 3 214 571 1.98 1.78 1.77 1.73 1.85 1.85 1.90 1.92 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.74 1.65 1.57 1.47 1.41
Eskişehir 915 418 1.74 1.40 1.38 1.38 1.46 1.48 1.57 1.56 1.54 1.54 1.49 1.40 1.35 1.35 1.29 1.20
Bilecik 228 058 1.98 1.71 1.67 1.63 1.75 1.77 1.78 1.72 1.74 1.70 1.69 1.62 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.38
Kocaeli 2 102 907 3.23 2.13 1.90 1.87 1.82 1.91 1.91 2.04 2.07 2.04 2.01 1.96 1.85 1.70 1.66 1.58 1.49
Sakarya 1 098 115 2,23 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.85 1.83 1.91 1.93 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.80 1.68 1.68 1.55 1.52
Düzce 409 865 2.18 1.87 1.83 1.82 1.81 1.87 1.90 1.86 1.90 1.83 1.77 1.71 1.60 1.49 1.48 1.43
Bolu 324 789 1.93 1.60 1.57 1.64 1.59 1.64 1.66 1.60 1.62 1.56 1.52 1.46 1.36 1.37 1.31 1.24
Yalova 304 780 1.93 1.78 1.64 1.62 1.72 1.69 1.81 1.78 1.88 1.82 1.75 1.65 1.49 1.48 1.39 1.31
West Anatolia 8 387 683 1.83 1.80 1.79 1.83 1.85 1.91 1.90 1.86 1.83 1.77 1.65 1.54 1.48 1.42 1.33
Ankara 5 803 482 1.90 1.68 1.66 1.65 1.68 1.71 1.77 1.77 1.73 1.71 1.65 1.53 1.42 1.34 1.28 1.20
Konya 2 320 241 3.00 2.14 2.12 2.13 2.18 2.18 2.25 2.20 2.18 2.11 2.06 1.93 1.84 1.80 1.75 1.65
Karaman 263 960 2.77 2.15 1.95 1.98 2.02 2.09 2.04 2.12 2.09 2.06 1.95 1.85 1.77 1.66 1.60 1.51
Mediterranean 10 851 089 2.20 2.18 2.14 2.23 2.24 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.16 2.07 1.94 1.83 1.77 1.71 1.57
Antalya 2 696 249 1.93 1.91 1.87 1.84 1.93 1.91 1.96 1.98 1.94 1.84 1.76 1.63 1.54 1.48 1.37 1.31
Isparta 449 777 2.04 1.76 1.66 1.66 1.72 1.70 1.75 1.72 1.72 1.76 1.62 1.54 1.45 1.43 1.39 1.34
Burdur 277 452 2.12 1.74 1.73 1.68 1.66 1.68 1.79 1.79 1.74 1.66 1.58 1.50 1.41 1.37 1.36 1.37
Adana 2 270 298 2.68 2.18 2.14 2.12 2.21 2.25 2.34 2.32 2.26 2.22 2.12 2.01 1.87 1.83 1.82 1.68
Mersin 1 938 389 2.38 2.03 2.04 2.00 2.12 2.11 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.07 2.02 1.86 1.77 1.72 1.68 1.55
Hatay 1 544 640 2.97 2.57 2.54 2.51 2.63 2.62 2.82 2.74 2.69 2.58 2.49 2.37 2.20 2.15 2.04 1.78
Kahramanmaraş 1 116 618 3.54 2.70 2.68 2.66 2.68 2.74 2.74 2.64 2.60 2.53 2.38 2.22 2.10 2.00 1.94 1.72
Osmaniye 557 666 2.95 2.55 2.57 2.40 2.51 2.51 2.59 2.50 2.43 2.39 2.26 2.21 2.03 1.92 1.98 1.81
Central Anatolia 4 181 284 2.16 2.08 2.06 2.07 2.06 2.13 2.08 2.03 1.96 1.87 1.78 1.67 1.62 1.56 1.45
Kırıkkale 285 744 2.39 1.77 1.70 1.60 1.59 1.65 1.69 1.72 1.69 1.68 1.59 1.53 1.43 1.39 1.33 1.24
Aksaray 438 504 2.85 2.42 2.35 2.34 2.30 2.29 2.35 2.30 2.24 2.19 2.13 1.99 1.92 1.86 1.83 1.70
Niğde 377 080 2.98 2.40 2.28 2.23 2.32 2.25 2.33 2.19 2.20 2.08 1.99 1.92 1.76 1.72 1.69 1.58
Nevşehir 315 994 2.55 2.10 1.98 1.97 1.98 1.94 2.10 1.98 1.93 1.85 1.78 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.51 1.40
Kırşehir 247 179 2.40 1.72 1.69 1.69 1.75 1.78 1.86 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.65 1.49 1.40 1.38 1.29
Kayseri 1 445 683 2.62 2.21 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.17 2.25 2.19 2.13 2.02 1.96 1.85 1.71 1.66 1.60 1.46
Sivas 650 401 2.76 2.07 2.02 1.99 1.99 1.94 1.99 1.98 1.96 1.94 1.78 1.73 1.63 1.55 1.46 1.38
Yozgat 420 699 2.84 2.25 2.07 2.04 2.03 1.97 2.06 2.06 2.01 1.99 1.83 1.71 1.63 1.53 1.47 1.37
West Black Sea 4 730 539 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.77 1.76 1.77 1.73 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.56 1.46 1.41 1.35 1.28
Zonguldak 591 492 1.93 1.71 1.65 1.58 1.62 1.59 1.60 1.56 1.50 1.48 1.43 1.38 1.31 1.26 1.18 1.14
Karabük 255 242 1.99 1.67 1.60 1.62 1.54 1.59 1.56 1.57 1.46 1.50 1.49 1.41 1.29 1.32 1.21 1.14
Bartın 207 238 2.11 1.68 1.67 1.61 1.50 1.57 1.69 1.58 1.55 1.45 1.48 1.42 1.38 1.25 1.26 1.13
Kastamonu 388 990 3.44 2.18 1.70 1.69 1.64 1.69 1.68 1.59 1.63 1.59 1.50 1.54 1.47 1.41 1.39 1.39 1.28
Çankırı 205 501 2.27 1.97 1.93 1.91 1.84 1.78 1.86 1.78 1.84 1.75 1.69 1.69 1.67 1.69 1.51 1.42
Sinop 229 716 4.35 2.48 1.91 1.81 1.77 1.84 1.75 1.79 1.72 1.70 1.70 1.61 1.60 1.56 1.47 1.41 1.31
Samsun 1 377 546 2.55 1.87 1.81 1.77 1.83 1.83 1.85 1.82 1.80 1.78 1.75 1.65 1.51 1.43 1.38 1.32
Tokat 606 934 3.06 1.95 1.92 1.83 1.79 1.82 1.82 1.74 1.70 1.67 1.63 1.61 1.47 1.42 1.39 1.34
Çorum 528 351 2.66 1.93 1.90 1.86 1.96 1.89 1.97 1.85 1.86 1.79 1.73 1.68 1.57 1.52 1.45 1.33
Amasya 339 529 2.34 1.80 1.75 1.71 1.75 1.78 1.75 1.80 1.70 1.72 1.66 1.60 1.48 1.46 1.38 1.31
East Black Sea 2 733 265 1.86 1.81 1.77 1.78 1.77 1.80 1.78 1.76 1.71 1.68 1.60 1.51 1.45 1.39 1.34
Trabzon 824 352 2.10 1.87 1.82 1.78 1.80 1.79 1.84 1.86 1.85 1.82 1.79 1.68 1.56 1.53 1.43 1.39
Ordu 775 800 2.81 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.86 1.85 1.89 1.83 1.84 1.81 1.72 1.67 1.56 1.44 1.44 1.35
Giresun 461 712 2.31 1.74 1.74 1.65 1.66 1.64 1.65 1.64 1.57 1.56 1.55 1.49 1.40 1.33 1.32 1.28
Rize 350 506 2.01 1.80 1.76 1.75 1.73 1.80 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.75 1.76 1.65 1.57 1.53 1.41 1.40
Artvin 172 356 2.24 1.73 1.72 1.67 1.78 1.73 1.78 1.74 1.77 1.72 1.64 1.60 1.57 1.40 1.39 1.29
Gümüşhane 148 539 2.92 2.09 1.88 1.89 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.72 1.62 1.37 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.35 1.30 1.23
Northeast Anatolia 2 171 569 2.91 2.97 2.90 2.90 2.85 2.90 2.79 2.72 2.64 2.44 2.36 2.18 2.11 1.92 1.75
Erzurum 749 993 3.51 2.51 2.49 2.50 2.50 2.49 2.60 2.51 2.45 2.40 2.24 2.15 2.02 1.95 1.80 1.68
Erzincan 243 399 2.54 1.82 1.82 1.91 1.88 1.89 1.82 1.82 1.89 1.73 1.63 1.65 1.53 1.58 1.39 1.34
Bayburt 86 047 3.29 2.38 2.31 2.16 2.30 2.13 2.18 2.09 1.96 1.83 1.84 1.71 1.61 1.60 1.42 1.35
Ağrı 511 238 5.49 4.22 4.38 4.13 4.11 4.01 4.04 3.84 3.73 3.63 3.28 3.18 2.89 2.73 2.51 2.20
Kars 278 335 3.76 2.90 3.05 2.88 2.92 2.74 2.75 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.35 2.25 2.10 1.98 1.86 1.67
Iğdır 209 738 4.17 3.06 3.16 3.12 3.10 3.21 3.19 3.05 2.98 2.81 2.70 2.56 2.27 2.22 1.99 1.78
Ardahan 92 819 2.95 2.35 2.25 2.25 2.21 2.11 2.24 2.17 2.01 2.05 1.91 1.88 1.74 1.82 1.63 1.46
Central East Anatolia 3 896 971 3.00 2.95 2.85 2.82 2.83 2.87 2.75 2.67 2.65 2.52 2.43 2.23 2.12 2.01 1.81
Malatya 742 725 3.66 2.56 2.08 2.06 1.99 1.99 1.96 2.05 2.01 1.99 1.99 1.90 1.80 1.66 1.64 1.59 1.38
Elazığ 604 411 2.52 2.02 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.93 2.04 1.99 1.96 1.95 1.86 1.79 1.71 1.60 1.51 1.42
Bingöl 285 655 3.56 2.56 2.55 2.52 2.49 2.49 2.63 2.42 2.44 2.39 2.37 2.26 2.10 1.99 1.80 1.67
Tunceli 89 317 4.87 1.90 1.56 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.55 1.62 1.69 1.58 1.56 1.64 1.69 1.57 1.49 1.40 1.30
Van 1 127 612 6.00 3.93 3.84 3.66 3.58 3.64 3.54 3.37 3.20 3.15 2.96 2.85 2.56 2.35 2.28 2.03
Muş 399 879 4.18 3.93 3.94 3.66 3.65 3.59 3.71 3.49 3.37 3.42 3.25 3.16 2.85 2.77 2.53 2.24
Bitlis 359 747 6.01 5.03 3.80 3.71 3.52 3.49 3.44 3.47 3.40 3.30 3.23 3.07 2.90 2.70 2.65 2.48 2.21
Hakkâri 287 625 6.69 3.35 3.18 3.14 2.99 3.01 3.03 2.76 2.60 2.56 2.42 2.35 2.16 2.05 1.99 1.88
Southeast Anatolia 9 410 624 3.59 3.57 3.48 3.53 3.48 3.63 3.52 3.38 3.36 3.23 3.02 2.84 2.86 2.71 2.45
Gaziantep 2 164 134 3.83 3.15 3.07 3.04 3.15 3.17 3.28 3.19 3.06 2.93 2.85 2.62 2.47 2.48 2.39 2.10
Adıyaman 604 978 3.66 2.76 2.79 2.77 2.79 2.75 2.90 2.87 2.78 2.79 2.69 2.56 2.36 2.36 2.24 1.93
Kilis 155 179 3.54 2.93 3.01 2.83 2.99 2.96 3.13 3.03 2.87 2.83 2.75 2.55 2.48 2.47 2.34 2.06
Şanlıurfa 2 213 964 4.83 4.57 4.58 4.46 4.47 4.41 4.57 4.42 4.35 4.33 4.15 3.90 3.71 3.82 3.59 3.27
Diyarbakır 1 818 133 4.51 3.23 3.24 3.19 3.23 3.16 3.30 3.22 3.13 3.13 2.97 2.79 2.54 2.54 2.42 2.22
Mardin 888 874 4.98 3.46 3.53 3.35 3.46 3.33 3.55 3.46 3.26 3.28 3.15 3.00 2.76 2.79 2.62 2.40
Batman 647 205 5.27 3.70 3.64 3.43 3.42 3.34 3.41 3.25 3.11 3.08 2.90 2.72 2.55 2.57 2.39 2.18
Şırnak 570 745 7.06 4.69 4.51 4.26 4.21 4.19 4.27 4.09 3.51 3.76 3.63 3.39 3.23 3.19 2.94 2.72
Siirt 347 412 6.05 4.23 4.12 3.96 3.85 3.70 3.89 3.56 3.47 3.33 3.18 2.93 2.88 2.71 2.47 2.23

Ethnicity

See also: Minorities in Turkey

Modern Turkey was founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as secular (Laiklik, Turkish adaptation of French Laïcité), i.e. without a state religion, or separate ethnic divisions/ identities. The concept of "minorities" has only been accepted by the Republic of Turkey as defined by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) and thence strictly limited to Greeks, Jews and Armenians, only based on religious affiliation, excluding from the scope of the concept the ethnic identities of these minorities as of others such as the Kurds who make up 15% of the country; others include Assyrians of various Christian denominations, Alevis and all the others. Provisions of the Lausanne Treaty were extended to Bulgarians in Turkey by the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve Bulgaristan Arasındaki Dostluk Antlaşması) of 18 October 1925. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey), as of 2008, there were 89,000 Turkish citizens belonging to one of the three recognized minorities, two thirds of Armenian descent. On 18 June 2013, the Ankara 13th Circuit Administrative Court unanimously ruled that the Assyrians were included as beneficiaries of the Lausanne Treaty, so that Assyrians were allowed to open the first school teaching in their mother tongue.

The word Turk or Turkish also has a wider meaning in a historical context because, at times, especially in the past, it has been used to refer to all Muslim inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire irrespective of their ethnicity.

According to the 2016 edition of the CIA World Factbook, 70–75% of Turkey's population consists of ethnic Turks, with Kurds accounting for 19% and other minorities between 6 and 11%. According to Milliyet, a 2008 report prepared for the National Security Council of Turkey by academics of three Turkish universities in eastern Anatolia suggested that there are approximately 55 million ethnic Turks, 9.6 million Kurds, 3 million Zazas, 2.5 million Circassians, 2 million Bosniaks, 500,000–1.3 million Albanians, 1,000,000 Georgians, 870,000 Arabs, 600,000 Pomaks, 80,000 Laz, 60,000 Armenians, 30,000 British, 25,000 Assyrians, 20,000 Jews, 15,000 Greeks, and 500 Yazidis living in Turkey.

According to a survey published in 2022 by Konda Research, Turks make up 77% of the population, while 19% self-identify as Kurd. Arabs (Syrian refugees excluded) make up 2%, and other ethnic groups are 2% of the population.

Since the immigration to the big cities in the west of Turkey, interethnic marriage has become more common. A recent study estimates that there are 2,708,000 marriages between Turks and Kurds.

According to a survey done in March 2020 by Area Araştırma, 20.4% of the total population of Turkey claim to be Kurdish (either Kurmanji speaking or Zazaki speaking).

Ethnolinguistic estimates in 2014 by Ethnologue and Jacques Leclerc:

People Population Percentage Language Status
Anatolian Turks 53,402,000 70.6% Turkish 1 (National)
Kurmanji Kurds 8,127,000 10.7% Kurmanji 3 (Wider communication)
Turcophones, Kurds 5,881,000 7.7% Turkish 1 (National)
Zaza 1,155,000 1.5% Zaza 5 (Developing)
Arabs 1,133,000 1.4% Levantine Arabic
Kabardians, Circassians 1,062,000 1.4 % Kabardian 5 (Developing)
Iraqi Arabs 722,000 0.9% Mesopotamian Arabic 6a (Vigorous)
Azerbaijani 540,000 0.7% Azerbaijani 5 (Developing)
Romani 500,000 (1985) 0.7% Romani, Domari
Gagauzes 418,000 0.5% Balkan Gagauz Turkish 7 (Shifting)
Pomaks 351,000 0.4% Bulgarian 5 (Dispersed)
Pontic Greeks 321,000 0.4% Pontic Greek 6a (Vigorous)
Adyghe, Circassians 316,000 0.4% Adyghe 5 (Developing)
Alevi Kurds 184,000 0.2% Zazaki
Georgians 151,000 0,1 % Georgian 6b (Threatened)
Bosniaks 101,000 0.1% Bosnian
Chechens 101,000 0.1% Chechen
Crimean Tatars 100,000 0.1% Crimean Tatar 5 (Developing)
Lazi 93,000 0.1% Laz language 6b (Threatened)
Karakalpaks 74,000 Karakalpak
Albanians 66,000 Tosk Albanian 6b (Threatened)
Armenians 61,000 Armenian 6b (Threatened)
Abkhazians 44,000 Abkhazian 6b (Threatened)
Han Chinese 38,000 Chinese
Ossetians 37,000 Ossetian
British 35,000 English
Bulgarians 32,000 Bulgarian
Jews 30,000 Turkish, Ladino 7 (Shifting)
Tatars 26,000 Tatar
Assyrians 25,000 Neo-Aramaic
Pakistanis 22,000 Urdu
Assyrians 15,000 Turoyo 6b (Threatened)
Turks other (Hemshin, Meskhetian Turks, Gajal) 57,000 Turkish
Kurds other (Herki and Shikaki) 62,000 Kurdish
Other 180,000
Total 75,566,800

Languages

Main article: Languages of Turkey See also: Turkic peoples, Iranic peoples, and Minorities in Turkey

No exact data are available concerning the different ethnic groups in Turkey. The last census data according to language date from 1965 and major changes may have occurred since then. However, it is clear that the Turkish are in the majority, while the largest minority groups are Kurds and Arabs. Smaller minorities are the Armenians, Greeks and others.

Language Census 1927 Census 1935 Census 1945 Census 1950 Census 1955 Census 1960 Census 1965
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Turkish 11,778,810 86.42 13,899,073 86.02 16,598,037 88.34 18,254,851 87.15 21,622,292 89.85 25,172,535 90.70 28,175,579 89.76
Kurdish 1,184,446 8.69 1,480,246 9.16 1,476,562 7.9 1,680,043 8.02 1,679,265 6.98 1,847,674 6.66 2,219,599 7.07
Zazaki 174,526 0.70 150,644 0.48
Arabic 134,273 0.98 153,687 0.95 247,294 1.3 269,038 1.28 300,583 1.25 347,690 1.25 365,340 1.16
Circassian 95,901 0.70 91,972 0.57 66,691 0.4 75,837 0.36 77,611 0.32 63,137 0.23 58,339 0.19
Greek 119,822 0.88 108,725 0.67 88,680 0.47 89,472 0.43 79,691 0.33 65,139 0.23 48,096 0.15
Armenian 64,745 0.48 57,599 0.36 47,728 0.3 52,776 0.25 56,235 0.23 52,756 0.19 33,094 0.11
Georgian - - 57,325 0.35 40,076 0.21 72,604 0.35 51,983 0.22 32,944 0.12 34,330 0.11
Laz - - 63,253 0.39 39,323 0.21 70,423 0.34 30,566 0.13 21,703 0.08 26,007 0.08
other 251,491 1.85 227,544 1.41 185,783 0.99 207,618 0.99 166,537 0.69 151,242 0.54 280,403 0.89
Total 13,629.488 100 16,157,450 100 18,790,174 100 20,947,188 100 24,064,763 100 27,754,820 100 31,391,421 100
Sources:

A possible list of ethnic groups living in Turkey could be as follows:

  1. Turkic-speaking peoples: Turks, Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Karachays, Uzbeks, Crimean Tatars and Uyghurs
  2. Indo-European-speaking peoples: Kurds, Zazas, Megleno-Romanians, Bosniaks, Albanians, Pomaks, Ossetians, Armenians, Hamshenis, Goranis and Greeks
  3. Semitic-speaking peoples: Arabs, Jews and Assyrians
  4. Caucasian-speaking peoples: Circassians, Georgians, Lazs and Chechens

Religion

Further information: Religion in Turkey See also: Freedom of religion in Turkey and Secularism in Turkey

Turkey has officially been a secular country since its 1924 constitution was amended in 1928. This was later strengthened and entrenched with the wider appliance of laicism by founder Atatürk during the mid-1930s, as part of the Republican reforms.

There are no official statistics of people's religious beliefs nor is it asked in the census. According to the United States Department of State's International Religious Freedom Report 2008, the Turkish government considers 99 percent of the population is Muslim, the majority of which is Hanafi Sunni. A similar figure can be found in the current US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) the World Factbook (99.8%). The remaining 0.2% is other - mostly Christians and Jews. However, these are based on the existing religion information written on every citizen's national id card, that is automatically passed on from the parents to every newborn, and do not necessarily represent individual choice. Religious records can be changed or even blanked on the request of citizen, by filing an e-government application since May 2020, using a valid electronic signature to sign the electronic application. Any change in religion records additionally results in a new ID card being issued. Any change in religion record also leaves a permanent trail in the census record, however, record of change of religion is not accessible except for the citizen in question, next-of-kins of the citizen in question, the citizenship administration and courts.

In 2023, according to Ipsos, 83% are Muslim, 12% have no religion, 2% prefer not to say, 2% are Christian and 2% are other religions. In a similar survey in 2016, Islam comprised 82% of the total population (65% Sunni and 4% Shi'a), followed by 7% no religion, 6% Spiritual but not religious, 4% Atheism, 3% Agnosticism, 2% Christian, 1% Protestantism, 1% Buddhism, 1% Mahayana and 1% other.

In 2018, a poll conducted by Eurobarometer and KONDA Research and Consultancy and some other research institutes showed that 3% of those interviewed had no religion. In 2013, the same institutions showed that around 0.5% of the population had no religion.

Between 8 million and 20 million Turks are Alevis.

In 2006, in a poll conducted by Sabancı University, 98.3% of Turks revealed they were Muslim. In 2005, a Eurobarometer poll on Europeans views on ethics in science and technology reported 95% of Turkish citizens answered that "they believe there is a God", while about 2% responded "I believe there is so me sort of spirit or life force", about 1% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force" and about 1% "DK" (that they don't know). Similar figures were found in some other European countries.

There is concern over the future of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, which suffers from a lack of trained clergy due to the closure of the Halki seminary. The state does not recognise the Ecumenical status of the Patriarch of Constantinople.

Muslim and non-Muslim population in Turkey, 1914–2005 (in thousands)
Year 1914 1927 1945 1965 1990 2005
Muslims 12,941 13,290 18,511 31,139 56,860 71,997
Greeks 1,549 110 104 76 8 3
Armenians 1,204 77 60 64 67 50
Jews 128 82 77 38 29 27
Others 176 71 38 74 50 45
Total 15,997 13,630 18,790 31,391 57,005 72,120
Percentage non-Muslim 19.1 2.5 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.2

The percentage of non-Muslims in Turkey fell from 19.1% in 1914 to 2.5% percent in 1927. The drop was the result of the late Ottoman genocides, the population exchange between Greece and Turkey and the emigration of Christians. The 1942 Wealth Tax on non-Muslims, the emigration of many of Turkish Jews to Israel after 1948, and the 1955 Istanbul pogrom further contributed to the decline of Turkey's non-Muslim population.

Religiosity

In 2018, according to a KONDA survey, the religiosity was the following:

  • 51% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
  • 34% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
  • 10% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
  • 2% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
  • 3% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

Among those aged between 15 and 29 years old:

  • 43% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
  • 45% defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
  • 5% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
  • 4% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
  • 4% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

According to the 2007 KONDA survey:

  • 52.8% defined themselves as "a religious person who strives to fulfill religious obligations" (Religious)
  • 34.3 % defined themselves as "a believer who does not fulfill religious obligations" (Not religious).
  • 9.7% defined themselves as "a fully devout person fulfilling all religious obligations" (Fully devout).
  • 2.3% defined themselves as "someone who does not believe in religious obligations" (Non-believer).
  • 0.9% defined themselves as "someone with no religious conviction" (Atheist).

In a 2006 Pew Research Center survey, 69% of Turkey's Muslims said that "religion is very important in their lives". Based on the Gallup Poll 2006–08, Turkey was defined as More religious, in which over 63 percent of people believe religion is important.

Around 2007, according to the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation, 62% of women wore the headscarf or hijab in Turkey.

Migration

Immigration

Main article: Immigration to Turkey

Immigration to Turkey is the process by which people migrate to Turkey to reside in the country. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and following Turkish War of Independence, an exodus by the large portion of Turkish (Turkic) and Muslim peoples from the Balkans (Balkan Turks, Albanians, Bosniaks, Pomaks), Caucasus (Abkhazians, Ajarians, Circassians, Chechens, Lezgins), Crimea (Crimean Tatar diaspora), and Crete (Cretan Turks) took refuge in present-day Turkey and moulded the country's fundamental features. Trends of immigration towards Turkey continue to this day, although the motives are more varied and are usually in line with the patterns of global immigration movements — Turkey, for example, receives many economic migrants from nearby countries such as Armenia, Moldova, Georgia, Iran, and Azerbaijan, but also from Central Asia, Ukraine and Russia. Turkey's migrant crisis during the 2010s saw high numbers of people arriving in Turkey, particularly those fleeing the Syrian civil war.

As of August 2024, the number of refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey was estimated to be 3,097,660 people. The number of Syrians had decreased by 321,118 people in 2023. In 2022, nearly 100,000 Russian citizens migrated to Turkey, becoming the first in the list of foreigners who moved to Turkey, meaning an increase of more than 218% from 2021.

In order to obtain Turkish citizenship there is a range of legal grounds, which can include: reunification with their family, marriage to a Turkish citizen, for the purchase of real estate worth $400,000 from a Turkish citizen or company. The minimum investment amount was increased in May 2022, previously it was enough to invest $250,000. Also the basis is to work in Turkey, training, business, medical treatment, refugee status.

In 2023 the foreign population of Türkiye decreased by 253,293 down to 1,570,543.

Population in Turkey by country of citizenship by the end of each years:

Country 2023 2022 2021 2020
Total people living in Turkey 85 372 377 85 279 553 84 680 273 83 614 362
 Turkey 83 801 834 (98.16%) 83 455 717 (97.86%) 82 888 237 (97.88%) 82 280 952 (98.41%)
Total foreign population 1 570 543 (1.84%) 1 823 836 (2.14%) 1 792 036 (2.12%) 1 333 410 (1.59%)
 Iraq 217 476 (0.25%) 275 305 (0.32%) 322 015 (0.38%) 281 074 (0.34%)
 Afghanistan 164 131 (0.19%) 186 160 (0.22%) 183 567 (0.22%) 158 252 (0.19%)
 Russian Federation 102 585 (0.12%) 151 049 (0.18%) 66 786 (0.08%) 43 679 (0.05%)
 Iran 101 164 (0.12%) 117 026 (0.14%) 128 883 (0.15%) 68 561 (0.08%)
 Turkmenistan 110 349 (0.13%) 116 447 (0.14%) 123 965 (0.15%) 91 218 (0.11%)
 Germany 114 293 (0.13%) 110 453 (0.13%) 102 592 (0.12%) 92 284 (0.11%)
 Syria 79 952 (0.09%) 99 360 (0.12%) 104 554 (0.12%) 88 907 (0.11%)
 Azerbaijan 70 971 (0.08%) 68 884 (0.08%) 68 562(0.08%) 48 495 (0.06%)
 Uzbekistan 54 594 (0.06%) 61 754 (0.07%) 71 145 (0.08%) 36 510 (0.04%)
 Ukraine 40 483 (0.05%) 50 357 (0.06%) 23 377 (0.03%) 17 505 (0.02%)
 Kazakhstan 44 133 (0.05%) 45 530 (0.05%) 39 454 (0.05%) 23 645 (0.03%)
 Egypt 28 451 (0.03%) 33 040 (0.04%) 34 162 (0.04%) 25 475 (0.03%)
 Palestine 21 612 (0.03%) 26 278 (0.03%) 28 027 (0.03%) 17 915 (0.02%)
 Kyrgyzstan 22 477 (0.03%) 24 485 (0.03%) 26 541 (0.03%) 18 019 (0.02%)
 Jordan 17 098 (0.02%) 22 733 (0.03%) 23 656 (0.03%) 14 260 (0.02%)
 Libya 15 621 (0.02%) 21 677 (0.03%) 24 188 (0.03%) 18 607 (0.02%)
 Austria 22 102 (0.03%) 21 311 (0.02%) 19 900 (0.02%) 18 047 (0.02%)
 Somalia 14 011 (0.02%) 20 906 (0.02%) 28 081 (0.03%) 17 245 (0.02%)
 Yemen 16 386 (0.02%) 19 099 (0.02%) 18 094 (0.02%) 14 927 (0.02%)
 Morocco 16 699 (0.02%) 18 482 (0.02%) 20 520 (0.02%) 12 122 (0.01%)
 United Kingdom 15 734 (0.02%) 17 193 (0.02%) 16 440 (0.02%) 13 985 (0.02%)
 China 14 030 (0.02%) 16 880 (0.02%) 20 486 (0.02%) 18 740 (0.02%)
 Bulgaria 16 899 (0.02%) 16 612 (0.02%) 15 426 (0.02%) 14 195 (0.02%)
 Pakistan 13 903 (0.02%) 16 505 (0.02%) 17 290 (0.02%) 7 248 (0.01%)
 Georgia 11 851 (0.01%) 14 680 (0.02%) 19 276 (0.02%) 15 661 (0.02%)
 Greece 14 164 (0.02%) 13 583 (0.02%) 12 569 (0.01%) 12 137 (0.01%)
 Nigeria 9 196 (0.01%) 12 928 (0.02%) 12 920 (0.02%) 7 120 (0.01%)
 United States 10 655 (0.01%) 12 793 (0.02%) 12 773 (0.02%) 9 032 (0.01%)
 Lebanon 8 864 (0.01%) 12 430 (0.01%) 13 242 (0.02%) 5 943 (0.01%)
 Algeria 10 145 (0.01%) 12 248 (0.01%) 10 698 (0.01%) 5 914 (0.01%)
 Sudan 10 371 (0.01%) 11 613 (0.01%) 9 538 (0.01%) 3 193 (<0.01%)
 Indonesia 12 301 (0.01%) 11 280 (0.01%) 10 219 (0.01%) 5 226 (0.01%)
 Netherlands 7 786 (0.01%) 8 104 (0.01%) 7 686 (0.01%) 6 550 (0.01%)
 Tajikistan 6 251 (0.01%) 7 153 (0.01%) 7 965 (0.01%) 3 626 (<0.01%)
 Moldova 5 842 (0.01%) 6 790 (0.01%) 7 546 (0.01%) 6 295 (0.01%)
 Kuwait 5 699 (0.01%) 6 190 (0.01%) 5 498 (0.01%) 3 559 (<0.01%)
 Ethiopia 3 724 (<0.01%) 6 165 (0.01%) 6 633 (0.01%) 2 936 (<0.01%)
 Tunisia 5 172 (0.01%) 6 075 (0.01%) 6 033 (0.01%) 2 961 (<0.01%)
 Belarus 4 440 (0.01%) 5 169 (0.01%) 3 873 (<0.01%)
 India 6 699 (0.01%) 4 669 (0.01%) 3 092 (<0.01%)
 France 4 102 (<0.01%) 4 526 (0.01%) 4 294 (0.01%) 3 181 (<0.01%)

Internal migration

Place of origin (rows) versus place of residence (columns) for Turkish citizens in 2014
Regions İstanbul West Marmara Aegean East Marmara West Anatolia Mediterranean Central Anatolia West Black Sea East Black Sea Northeast Anatolia Central East Anatolia Southeast Anatolia Total Population
İstanbul 2,162,588 79,009 72,123 84,689 38,802 38,673 4,858 11,976 9,147 3,533 3,667 4,754 2,513,819
West Marmara 523,725 2,378,938 187,256 135,364 44,409 27,376 5,140 10,238 4,513 5,273 7,110 8,861 3,338,203
Aegean 297,143 76,518 7,047,801 210,522 134,073 166,785 16,606 22,252 10,354 14,936 20,388 28,224 8,045,602
East Marmara 520,698 67,299 131,586 4,317,877 187,043 61,782 10,715 33.371 10,701 8,074 9,775 12,286 5,371,207
West Anatolia 272,835 35,919 259,387 127,794 3,721,634 192,934 49,942 29,545 8,468 10,360 13,727 20,850 4,743,395
Mediterranean 470,673 53,295 250,529 111,393 228,398 7,329,964 100,729 32,461 16,963 21,667 46,013 181,874 8,843,959
Central Anatolia 1,346,007 92,421 297,114 235,407 1,223,857 305,343 3,466,971 70,729 16,604 20,204 32,153 36,818 7,143,628
West Black Sea 2,637,016 186,103 252,628 458,730 956,151 133,053 54,578 3,982,185 42,935 18,878 21,757 27,735 8,771,749
East Black Sea 1,918,805 96,494 152,843 529,110 241,801 70,823 19,104 198,869 2,382,704 33,854 11,852 13,140 5,669,399
Northeast Anatolia 1,580,876 120,086 504,588 593,882 344,929 101,600 63,029 34,656 32,761 2,009,253 39,921 20,576 5,446,157
Central East Anatolia 1,293,157 86,315 359,161 299,390 167,451 393,102 31,612 22,064 11,070 31,709 3,438,577 133,862 6,267,470
Southeast Anatolia 1,197,959 65,538 445,279 174,765 156,489 1,002,771 33,876 23,666 11,689 22,036 150,028 7,738,941 11,023,037
Total population 14,221,482 3,337,935 9,960,295 7,278,923 7,445,037 9,824,206 3,857,160 4,472,012 2,557,909 2,199,777 3,794,968 8,227,921 77,177,625

See also

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Notes

  1. ^ All data taken from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). Data is for xxxx-12-31.

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