Misplaced Pages

Danishmend Gazi: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 00:16, 26 February 2013 editAddbot (talk | contribs)Bots2,838,809 editsm Bot: Migrating 11 interwiki links, now provided by Wikidata on d:q714771 (Report Errors)← Previous edit Latest revision as of 05:20, 30 November 2024 edit undoSmasongarrison (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers731,300 edits Moving from Category:11th-century military personnel to Category:11th-century generals Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot 
(116 intermediate revisions by 55 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Founder of the Anatolian beylik of Danishmends (11th century AD)}}
] in 1097, before the ]]]
{{Infobox royalty
| reign = 1071/1075 – 1085
| succession = ] of the ]
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| successor = ]
⚫ | image =
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| image_tugra =
| Military =
| title = ]<br>]<br>]
| father = Ali Taylu al-Türkmānī
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1085<ref name=tdv>{{TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/danismend-gazi|title =DÂNİŞMEND GAZİ (ö. 477/1085 ) Dânişmendli hânedanının kurucusu ve ilk hükümdarı (1071-1085).|author=ABDÜLKERİM ÖZAYDIN}}</ref>
| death_place = ]<br />(modern-day ])
| religion = ]
⚫ }}


'''Danishmend Gazi''', full name '''Gümüştekin Danishmend Ahmed Gazi''' or '''Danishmend Taylu''' (died 1104), was the founder of the ]lik of ]. After the ] advance into ] that followed the ], his dynasty controlled the north-central regions in Anatolia. '''Danishmend Gazi''' ({{langx|fa|دانشمند غازی}}), '''Danishmend Taylu''', or '''Dānishmend Aḥmed Gāzī''' (died 1085), was the ] general of the ] and later founder of the ] of ].<ref name=tdv /> After the ] advance into ] that followed the ], his dynasty controlled the north-central regions in Anatolia.


==Life== ==Life==
The defeat of the ] army at the ] allowed the Turks, including forces loyal to Danishmend Gazi, to occupy nearly all of ]. Danishmend Gazi and his forces took as their lands central Anatolia, conquering the cities of ], ], ], and ]. The defeat of the ] army at the ] and the subsequent civil war allowed the Turks, including forces loyal to Danishmend Gazi, to occupy nearly all of ]. Danishmend Gazi and his forces took as their lands central Anatolia, conquering the cities of ], ], ], and ] from the ].


According to ], he ruled ] in 1085, and most likely died the same year.<ref name="tdv" /> However, ] claims in '']'' that Danishmend Gazi answered the call of ] to defend ] from incursions by ] forces during the ] in 1097.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maalouf |first=Amin |url=http://archive.org/details/crusadesthrougha0000maal |title=The crusades through Arab eyes |date=1984 |publisher=New York : Schocken Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-8052-0898-6 |pages=14–15}}</ref> He was succeeded by his son ].
During the ], he was directly on the path of the advancing ]. On the losing side at the ] in 1097, he scored a success in capturing ] in 1100. He continued campaigning, extending southwards and capturing ] (Melitene) in 1103 (see ]).


==Legend==
He was succeeded by his son ].<ref>{{MLCC |warning=1 |url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/TURKS.htm History:| title = Medieval Lands Project: Turkish dynasties|date=August 2012}}</ref>
⚫ Danishmend Gazi is the central figure in the ''Danishmendnâme'' ("Tale of Danishmend"), a 13th-century ] epic ]. In this allegory, events from the life of Danishmend Gazi are blended with the legendary exploits of the 8th-century ] warrior ] and of the Persian hero ] of the early ] period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maalouf |first=Amin |url=http://archive.org/details/crusadesthrougha0000maal |title=The crusades through Arab eyes |date=1984 |publisher=New York : Schocken Books |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-8052-0898-6 |pages=10–11}}</ref>


⚫ The legends that comprise ''Danishmendnâme'' were compiled from Turkish ] for the first time by order of the ] Sultan ], a century after Danishmend's death. The final form that has reached our day is a ] that was put together under the instructions of the early 15th century ] sultan ].{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}
A tomb attributed to him is found in Niksar.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=11582 (fact sheet)| title = Traditional Tomb of Danishmend Melik Ahmed Gazi|author=|publisher=] | accessdate=}}
</ref>


==Name==
<!-- Deleted image removed: ]]] -->
⚫ There is also some confusion concerning his name and a measure of divergence among scholars regarding the names used for him. He had the same name as his son, ]. The father is often referred to shortly as Danishmend Gazi, while his son is called Gazi Gümüştekin. Furthermore, the Danishmend dynasty is also cited as having a family tie to the ]. He was the maternal uncle to the ] ].{{sfn|Yazici|1993|pages=654–655}}<ref name=tdv />

==The Danishmendname==
⚫ Danishmend Gazi is the central figure in the ''Danishmendnâme'', a ] epic ]. In this work, events from the life of Danishmend Gazi are blended with the legendary exploits of the 8th century ] warrior ] and of the Persian hero ].

⚫ The legends that compose ''Danishmendnâme'' were compiled from Turkish ] for the first time by order of the ] Sultan ], a century after Danishmend's death. The final form that reached our day is a ] that was put together under the instructions of the early 15th century ] sultan ].

==Dynasty and titles==

Danishmend Gazi is sometimes also referred to by the title '']'' meaning ''"King"'', which was actually bestowed upon his grandson in 1134 by the ] ] of ] and was sometimes used retrospectively by contemporaries and ] to refer also to Danishmend Gazi. The other title, '']'', denotes a warrior.

⚫ There is also some confusion on his name and divergence among names used by scholars. He had the same name as his son, Gümüştekin. The father is often referred to shortly as Danishmend Gazi, while his son is called Emir Gazi, without mentioning the name Gümüştekin common to both. Furthermore, the Danishmend dynasty is also cited as having a family tie to the ] although the explanations differ.


==Notes== ==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist}}


==References== ==References==
* {{cite book | title = The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual ISBN 0-7486-2137-7|author= ]|publisher=]| year= 2004}} * {{cite book | title = The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual |isbn=978-0-7486-2137-8 |author= Clifford Edmund Bosworth |author-link= Clifford Edmund Bosworth |publisher=]| year= 2004}}
*Irene Melikoff (1960): '''Danishmendname''' ''La Geste de Melik Danishmend'', translation and introduction to a Turkish ] of the 13th century *Irene Melikoff (1960): ''Danishmendname'' ''La Geste de Melik Danishmend'', translation and introduction to a Turkish ] of the 13th century
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=DĀNEŠMAND |last=Yazici |first=Tahsin |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/danesmand-amir-gazi-taylu-gms-tigin-ahmad-or-mohammad-danesmand-d |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 6 |pages=654–655 |year=1993 }}


{{s-start}} {{s-start}}
{{s-new}}
{{succession box|title=]|before=Founder|after=]|years=1071&ndash;1104}}
{{S-ttl|title=] of the ]|years=1071&ndash;1084}}
{{s-aft|after=]}}
{{s-end}} {{s-end}}


{{Anatolian Beys}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
{{Authority control}}
| NAME = Gazi, Danishmend

| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
⚫ ]
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
⚫ | DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1104
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫ }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gazi, Danishmend}}
⚫ ]
] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
] ]
]
]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 05:20, 30 November 2024

Founder of the Anatolian beylik of Danishmends (11th century AD)
Danishmend Gazi
Bey
Emir
Gazi
Melik of the Danishmends
Reign1071/1075 – 1085
PredecessorPosition established
SuccessorGazi Gümüshtigin
Died1085
Cappadocia
(modern-day Turkey)
FatherAli Taylu al-Türkmānī
ReligionIslam

Danishmend Gazi (Persian: دانشمند غازی), Danishmend Taylu, or Dānishmend Aḥmed Gāzī (died 1085), was the Turkoman general of the Seljuks and later founder of the beylik of Danishmends. After the Turkic advance into Anatolia that followed the Battle of Manzikert, his dynasty controlled the north-central regions in Anatolia.

Life

The defeat of the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and the subsequent civil war allowed the Turks, including forces loyal to Danishmend Gazi, to occupy nearly all of Anatolia. Danishmend Gazi and his forces took as their lands central Anatolia, conquering the cities of Neocaesarea, Tokat, Sivas, and Euchaita from the Byzantine Empire.

According to Michael the Syrian, he ruled Cappadocia in 1085, and most likely died the same year. However, Amin Maalouf claims in The Crusades Through Arab Eyes that Danishmend Gazi answered the call of Kilij Arslan to defend Asia Minor from incursions by Christian forces during the First Crusade in 1097. He was succeeded by his son Gazi Gümüshtigin.

Legend

Danishmend Gazi is the central figure in the Danishmendnâme ("Tale of Danishmend"), a 13th-century Turkish-language epic romance. In this allegory, events from the life of Danishmend Gazi are blended with the legendary exploits of the 8th-century Arab warrior Sayyid Battal Gazi and of the Persian hero Abu Muslim of the early Abbasid period.

The legends that comprise Danishmendnâme were compiled from Turkish oral tradition for the first time by order of the Seljuk Sultan Kayqubad I, a century after Danishmend's death. The final form that has reached our day is a compendium that was put together under the instructions of the early 15th century Ottoman sultan Murad II.

Name

There is also some confusion concerning his name and a measure of divergence among scholars regarding the names used for him. He had the same name as his son, Gümüştekin. The father is often referred to shortly as Danishmend Gazi, while his son is called Gazi Gümüştekin. Furthermore, the Danishmend dynasty is also cited as having a family tie to the Seljuk dynasty. He was the maternal uncle to the Seljuk ruler Suleiman ibn Qutulmish.

Notes

  1. ^ ABDÜLKERİM ÖZAYDIN (1988–2016). "DÂNİŞMEND GAZİ (ö. 477/1085 [?]) Dânişmendli hânedanının kurucusu ve ilk hükümdarı (1071-1085).". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
  2. Maalouf, Amin (1984). The crusades through Arab eyes. Internet Archive. New York : Schocken Books. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-8052-0898-6.
  3. Maalouf, Amin (1984). The crusades through Arab eyes. Internet Archive. New York : Schocken Books. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-8052-0898-6.
  4. Yazici 1993, pp. 654–655.

References

New title Melik of the Danishmends
1071–1084 		Succeeded byGazi Gümüshtigin
Anatolian Beys
First period
(11th–12th centuries)
Second period
(13th–15th centuries)
Seljuks of Anatolia, Ottoman Empire, Akkoyunlu and Karakoyunlu excluded
Categories: