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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see ] -->
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{{Infobox political system
| name = Politics of Hungary
| native_name = {{lang|hu|Magyarország politikája}}
| image = Coat of arms of Hungary.svg
| image_size = 101
| caption = ]
| type = ] ] ]
]
| constitution = ] (2011)
| formation = 23 October 1989 (]){{-}}1 January 2012 (current constitution entered into force)
| legislature = ]
| legislature_type = ]
| legislature_place = ]
| legislature_speaker = ]
| legislature_speaker_title = ]
| upperhouse =
| upperhouse_speaker =
| upperhouse_speaker_title =
| upperhouse_appointer =
| lowerhouse =
| lowerhouse_speaker =
| lowerhouse_speaker_title =
| lowerhouse_appointer = ]: 106 ] seats, 93 ] seats with 5% ] (])
| title_hos = ]
| current_hos = ]
| appointer_hos = National Assembly
| title_hog = ]
| current_hog = ]
| appointer_hog = National Assembly
| title_hosag =
| current_hosag =
| appointer_hosag =
| cabinet = ]
| current_cabinet = ]
| cabinet_leader = Prime Minister
| cabinet_deputyleader = ], Deputy Prime Minister
| cabinet_appointer = National Assembly
| cabinet_hq = ]
| cabinet_ministries = ]
| judiciary =
| judiciary_head =
| courts =
| court =
| chief_judge =
| court_seat =
| court1 = ]
| chief_judge1 = Barnabás Lenkovics
| court_seat1 = 1015 Budapest, Donáti utca, 35-45.
| court2 = ]
| chief_judge2 = András Baka
| court_seat2 = 1055 Budapest, Markó utca 16.
| civil_service =
| leader_cs =
| chief_cs =
| membership_cs =
| auditory =
| leader_auditory =
| chief_auditory =
| membership_auditory =
}}
{{Politics of Hungary}} {{Politics of Hungary}}
{{out of date|date=November 2010}}
'''Politics of Hungary''' takes place in a framework of a ] ] ]. The ] is the ] of a ] ], while the ] is the ] and holds a largely ceremonial position.


The '''politics of Hungary''' takes place in a framework of a ] ] ]. The ] is the ] of a ] ], while the ] is the ] and holds a largely ceremonial position. As of 2024, The country is considered "]" by the ], and is generally said to have ] since 2010 when the ] led by ] won a two-third parliamentary ] and adopted a new ] that have both remained in place since.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bakke |first1=Elisabeth |last2=Sitter |first2=Nick |date=March 2022 |title=The EU's Enfants Terribles: Democratic Backsliding in Central Europe since 2010 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/eus-enfants-terribles-democratic-backsliding-in-central-europe-since-2010/10CE615BAD56E79125E828D321641C0A |journal=Perspectives on Politics |language=en |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=22–37 |doi=10.1017/S1537592720001292 |issn=1537-5927|hdl=20.500.14018/13797 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
] is exercised by the ]. ] is vested in both the ] and the parliament. The party system since the last elections is dominated by the conservative ]. The two larger oppositions are ] (MSZP) and ]. The ] is independent of the executive and the legislature.


] is exercised by the ]. ] is vested in both the ] and the parliament. The party system since the last elections has been dominated by the conservative ]. The three larger oppositions are ] (DK), ] and ]; there are also opposition parties with a small fraction in parliament (e.g. ]). The ] is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The ] is an independent, ] and ] state, which has been a member of the ] since 2004. Since the ] of 23 October 1989, Hungary is a parliamentary republic.
Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral ] that consists of 386 members. Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years.


] is an independent state, which has been a member of the ] since 2004. Since 1989 Hungary has been a parliamentary republic. Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral ] that consists of 199 members. Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years.

In the April 2022 ], Prime Minister ] won a fourth consecutive term in office. His party, Fidesz, secured another two-thirds majority in parliament.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Dougall |first1=David Mac |last2=Palfi |first2=Rita |date=3 April 2022 |title=Key Takeaways as Viktor Orbán Wins Fourth Consecutive Term |language=en |work=Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-live-voting-closes-as-viktor-orban-seeks-fifth-term-in-office |access-date=7 May 2022}}</ref>


==Executive branch== ==Executive branch==
{{office-table}} {{office-table}}
{{multiple image
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Sulyok Tamás hivatalos portréja (cropped).jpg
| width1 = 166
| caption1 = ],<br /><small>] since 2024</small>
| image2 = Viktor Orban 2021 crop.jpg
| width2 = 156
| caption2 = ],<br /><small>] since 2010</small>
}}
|] |]
|] |]
|Independent
|]
|10 May 2012 |5 March 2024
|- |-
|] |]
Line 22: Line 98:
|29 May 2010 |29 May 2010
|} |}
The ], elected by the ] every five years, has a largely ceremonial role, but he is nominally the ] of the armed forces and his powers include the nomination of the ] who is to be elected by a majority of the votes of the Members of Parliament, based on the recommendation made by the President of the Republic. If the President dies, resigns or is otherwise unable to carry out his duties, the ] becomes acting President. The ], elected by the ] every five years, has a largely ceremonial role, but they are nominally the ] of the armed forces and their powers include the nomination of the ], who is to be elected by a majority of the votes of the members of Parliament, based on the recommendation made by the president of the republic. If the president dies, resigns or is otherwise unable to carry out his duties, the ] becomes acting president.


Due to the ], based on the post-] ], the Prime Minister has a leading role in the executive branch as he selects ] ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them (similarly to the competences of the German federal chancellor). Each cabinet nominee appears before one or more parliamentary ]s in consultative open hearings, survive a vote by the Parliament and must be formally approved by the president. Due to the ], based on the post-] ], the prime minister has a leading role in the executive branch as he selects ] ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them (similarly to the competences of the German federal chancellor). Each cabinet nominee appears before one or more parliamentary ]s in consultative open hearings, survive a vote by the Parliament and must be formally approved by the president.


In Communist Hungary, the executive branch of the ] was represented by the ]. The laws are decided by the ] and later by the ].

In Communist Hungary, the executive branch of the ] was represented by the ].


==Legislative branch== ==Legislative branch==
{{office-table}}
|]
|]
|]
|6 August 2010
|}
{{main|Elections in Hungary}} {{main|Elections in Hungary}}
].]]
The ], 386-member ] (''Országgyűlés'') is the highest organ of state authority and initiates and approves legislation sponsored by the prime minister. Its members are elected for a four year term. 176 members are elected in single-seat ], 152 by ] in multi-seat ], and 58 so-called compensation seats are distributed based on the number of votes "lost" (i.e., the votes that did not produce a seat) in either the single-seat or the multi-seat constituencies. The ] is 5%, but it only applies to the multi-seat constituencies and the compensation seats, not the single-seat constituencies.
The ], 199-member ] (''Országgyűlés'') is the highest organ of state authority and initiates and approves legislation sponsored by the prime minister. Its members are elected for a four-year term. The ] is 5%, but it only applies to the multi-seat constituencies and the compensation seats, not the single-seat constituencies.


==Political parties and elections== ==Political parties and elections==
{{elect|List of political parties in Hungary|Elections in Hungary|}} {{elect|List of political parties in Hungary|Elections in Hungary|}}
{{Hungarian parliamentary election, 2006}} {{#section-h:2022 Hungarian parliamentary election|Results}}
There are basically two main factions in the Hungarian political system, the right-wing ] coalition, and the center-right to left-wing ] which consists of the following parties: DK, MSZP, Jobbik, Dialogue, LMP-Greens, Momentum. There are also associate parties and movements such as ÚVNP, Liberals, New Start, MMM movement, 99M movement. There are also some minor parties which are not part of these two coalitions such as the far-right ], and the joke party called ].


==Judicial branches== ==Judicial branches==
A fifteen member ] has power to challenge legislation on grounds of ]. This body was last filled on July 2010. Members are elected for a term of twelve years.


].]]
The President of the ] and the Hungarian civil and penal legal system he leads is fully independent of the Executive Branch.
A fifteen-member ] has power to challenge legislation on grounds of ]. This body was last filled in July 2010. Members are elected for a term of twelve years. Critics of the ruling coalition contend that since the ] filled the Constitutional Court with loyal judges, the institution mostly serves to legitimize government interests and has lost its original purpose as democratic defender of the ] and of ] - as several reports of independent human rights NGOs, such as the ] emphasize.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://helsinki.hu/en/hungarys-government-has-taken-control-of-the-constitutional-court/ | title=Hungary's Government Has Taken Control of the Constitutional Court | date=25 March 2015 }}</ref>


The president of the ] (]) and the Hungarian civil and penal legal system he leads is fully independent of the Executive Branch.
The ] or Chief ] of Hungary is currently fully independent of the Executive Branch, but his status is actively debated


The ] or chief ] of Hungary is currently fully independent of the executive branch, but his status is actively debated.
Several ] offices exist in Hungary to protect civil, minority, educational and ecological rights in non-judicial matters. They have held the authority to issue legally binding decisions since late 2003

Several ] offices exist in Hungary to protect civil, minority, educational and ecological rights in non-judicial matters. They have held the authority to issue legally binding decisions since late 2003.


==Financial branch== ==Financial branch==
The central bank, the ] has been fully independent between 1990–2004, but new legislation gave certain appointment rights to the Executive Branch in November 2004 which is disputed before the ]. The central bank, the ] was fully self-governing between 1990 and 2004, but new legislation gave certain appointment rights to the executive branch in November 2004 which is disputed before the ].


==Administrative divisions== ==Administrative divisions==
Hungary is divided in 19 ] (''megyék'', singular - ''megye''), 23 urban counties* (''megyei jogú városok'', singular - ''megyei jogú város''), and 1 capital city** (''főváros''); ], ], ], ]*, ], ]**, ], ]*, ]*, ]*, ]*, ], ]*, ], ], ], ]*, ], ]*, ]*, ], ]*, ]*, ], ]*, ]*, ], ]*, ], ]*, ], ]*, ]*, ]*, ]*, ]*, ]*, ], ], ], ]*, ], ]* Hungary is divided in 19 ] (''megyék'', singular – ''megye''), 23 urban counties* (''megyei jogú városok'', singular – ''megyei jogú város''), and 1 capital city** (''főváros''); ], ], ], ]*, ], ]**, ], ]*, ]*, ]*, ]*, ], ]*, ], ], ], ]*, ], ]*, ]*, ], ]*, ]*, ], ]*, ]*, ], ]*, ], ]*, ], ]*, ]*, ]*, ]*, ]*, ]*, ], ], ], ]*, ], ]*
<!-- it doesn't make much sense to mix cities and countries together --> <!-- it doesn't make much sense to mix cities and countries together -->
<!-- I still maintain it makes no sense, especially that we have this list included in a zillion other articles... --> <!-- I still maintain it makes no sense, especially that we have this list included in a zillion other articles... -->


==Involvement in International Organisations== ==Involvement in international organisations==
Hungary is member of ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (member, as by 1 May 2004), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (guest), ], ], ], ] (observer), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (associate), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] Hungary is a member of the ], ], ], ], ], ], ] ], ], ], ] (member, as by 1 May 2004), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (guest), ], ], ], ] (observer), ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and the ].


==Ministries== ==Ministries==
''Note: with restructruring and reorganization, this information may change even within a governmental period.'' ''Note: with restructuring and reorganisation, this information may change even within a governmental period.''


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|+Ministries of Hungary<ref>. Retrieved 31 January 2010.</ref> |+Ministries of Hungary<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government Members |url=http://www.meh.hu/english/government/members |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040205054538/http://www.meh.hu/english/government/members |archive-date=5 February 2004 |access-date=31 January 2010 |website=The Hungarian Prime Minister's Office}}</ref>
|- |-
! English name !! Hungarian name !! Minister ! English name !! Hungarian name !! Minister
|- |-
| Ministry of Home Affairs || Belügyminisztérium || ] | The Prime Minister's Office || Miniszterelnökség || ]
|- |-
| The Prime Minister's Cabinet Office || A Miniszterelnöki Kabinetiroda || ]
| Ministry of Rural Development || Vidékfejlesztési Minisztérium || ]
|- |-
| ] || Honvédelmi Minisztérium || ] | ]|| Belügyminisztérium || ]
|- |-
| Ministry of National Development || Nemzeti Fejlesztési Minisztérium || ] | ] || Honvédelmi Minisztérium || ]
|- |-
| Ministry of Human Resources || Emberi Erőforrás Minisztérium || ] | Ministry of Human Resources || Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma || ]
|- |-
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs || Külügyminisztérium || ] | ]|| Külgazdasági és Külügyminisztérium || ]
|- |-
| Ministry of Administration and Justice || Közigazgatási és Igazságügyi Minisztérium || ] | Ministry of Justice || Igazságügyi Minisztérium || ]
|- |-
| Ministry of National Economic Affairs || Nemzetgazdasági Minisztérium || ] | ]|| Pénzügyminisztérium || ]
|-
| ]|| Agrárminisztérium || ]
|-
| Ministry of Innovation and Technology || Innovációs és Technológiai Minisztérium || ]
|} |}


===Ministers without portfolio=== ===Ministers without portfolio===


* ]: ], ] * ]: ], ], ]

(Sources differ on the English names.)

===International controversy about new ] and amendments
{{POV-section|Fidesz|date=January 2012}}

On 1 January 2012, a new constitution came into force, which impedes any successor government from changing policies enacted by Fidesz. For instance, Fidesz loyalists occupy councils in charge of the media, judiciary, and budget for nine-year terms. <ref>{{cite news | last=Buckley and Eddy|title=Hungary risks isolation over new constitution | newspaper=] | date=5 January 2011 | url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8452caf6-3784-11e1-897b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1ikX6m8lw | accessdate=7 January 2011}}</ref> Furthermore, the borders of electoral districts have been changed to deeply favour Fidesz and virtually guarantee that they either remain in power or retain a share of parliamentary seats that is sufficient to block any meaningful change to policies enacted by Fidesz.

The EU and other international organisations have expressed deep concern with respect to these developments in Hungary. On 17 January 2012, the European Commission launched legal action against Hungary over the new central-bank law, judicial reforms, and the independence of the new data ombudsman.<ref>{{cite news | title = Hungary's travails: Budapest vs Brussels | newspaper = The Economist | date = 17 January 2012 | url = http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2012/01/hungarys-travails}}</ref>

On the 1st of March 2013, Princeton University international ] scholar and Hungary specialist Kim Lane Scheppele wrote<ref>Kim Lane Scheppele, New York Times, March 1, 2013 http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/01/guest-post-constitutional-revenge/ ''Constitutional Revenge''</ref>:

:''"the government is… introducing... many constitutional… amendments which were introduced before and nullified by the ] or changed at the insistence of European bodies. The new constitutional amendment (again) kills off the independence of the judiciary, brings universities under (even more) governmental control, opens the door to political prosecutions, criminalizes homelessness, makes the recognition of religious groups dependent on their cooperation with the government and weakens human rights guarantees across the board. Moreover, the constitution will now buffer the government from further financial sanctions by permitting it to take all fines for noncompliance with the constitution or with European law and pass them on to the Hungarian population as special taxes, not payable by the normal state budget…. It annuls all of the decisions made by the Court before 1 January 2012 so that they have no legal effect. Now, no one in the country – not the Constitutional Court, not the ordinary courts, not human rights groups or ordinary citizens – can rely any longer on the Court’s proud string of rights-protecting decisions."''

On the 5th of March 2013, Michael Link, undersecretary in the ], in ''"Hungary must remain a country of the law,''" <ref>http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Infoservice/Presse/Interviews/2013/130305-StM_L_FAZ.html</ref>called on Hungary ''"to demonstrate that the country has an effective separation of power between the legislative and the judicial."''

On the 6th of March 2013, Europe’s main human rights watchdog, ] President ], said that the amendments set to be voted on next week by Hungarian lawmakers may be incompatible with European legal principles and asked Hungary to postpone the approval of a series of constitutional amendments so legal experts can review the changes. <ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/european-rights-watchdog-urges-hungary-to-postpone-vote-on-disputed-amendments-to-constitution/2013/03/06/87ac1526-867b-11e2-a80b-3edc779b676f_story.html</ref>

On the 8th of March, 2013. the government of the USA raised its concerns both about the content of the proposed amendments ''"as they could threaten the principles of institutional independence and checks and balances that are the hallmark of democratic governance"'' and about the process by which they were to be accepted: ''" "urges the Government of Hungary and the Parliament to ensure that the process of considering amendments to the constitution demonstrates respect for the rule of law and judicial review, openness to the views of other stakeholders across Hungarian society, and continuing receptiveness to the expertise of the ]’s ]."'' <ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/03/205838.htm</ref>


==External links== ==Notes==
{{notelist}}
*


==References== == References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


{{Hungary topics}} {{Hungary topics}}
{{Politics of Europe}} {{Politics of Europe}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Politics Of Hungary}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Politics of Hungary}}
] ]

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Politics of Hungary
Magyarország politikája
Coat of arms of Hungary
Polity typeUnitary parliamentary republic Hybrid regime
ConstitutionConstitution of Hungary (2011)
Formation23 October 1989 (Third Hungarian Republic)1 January 2012 (current constitution entered into force)
Legislative branch
NameNational Assembly
TypeUnicameral
Meeting placeHungarian Parliament Building
Presiding officerLászló Kövér, President of the National Assembly of Hungary
AppointerPartially parallel, partially compensatory voting: 106 FPTP seats, 93 PR seats with 5% electoral threshold (D'Hondt method)
Executive branch
Head of state
TitlePresident
CurrentlyTamás Sulyok
AppointerNational Assembly
Head of government
TitlePrime Minister
CurrentlyViktor Orbán
AppointerNational Assembly
Cabinet
NameGovernment of Hungary
Current cabinetFifth Orbán Government
LeaderPrime Minister
Deputy leaderZsolt Semjén, Deputy Prime Minister
AppointerNational Assembly
HeadquartersCarmelite Monastery of Buda
Ministries15
Judicial branch
Constitutional Court of Hungary
Chief judgeBarnabás Lenkovics
Seat1015 Budapest, Donáti utca, 35-45.
Curia of Hungary
Chief judgeAndrás Baka
Seat1055 Budapest, Markó utca 16.
Politics of Hungary
Constitution
Executive
Parliament
Recent elections
Budapest
Mayor of Budapest
Gergely Karácsony
Mayoral elections
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2019
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The politics of Hungary takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The prime minister is the head of government of a pluriform multi-party system, while the president is the head of state and holds a largely ceremonial position. As of 2024, The country is considered "no longer a full democracy" by the EU, and is generally said to have democratically backslid since 2010 when the Fidesz–KDNP Party Alliance led by Viktor Orbán won a two-third parliamentary supermajority and adopted a new constitution of Hungary that have both remained in place since.

Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the parliament. The party system since the last elections has been dominated by the conservative Fidesz. The three larger oppositions are Democratic Coalition (DK), Momentum and Jobbik; there are also opposition parties with a small fraction in parliament (e.g. Politics Can Be Different). The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

Hungary is an independent state, which has been a member of the European Union since 2004. Since 1989 Hungary has been a parliamentary republic. Legislative power is exercised by the unicameral National Assembly that consists of 199 members. Members of the National Assembly are elected for four years.

In the April 2022 election, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán won a fourth consecutive term in office. His party, Fidesz, secured another two-thirds majority in parliament.

Executive branch

Tamás Sulyok,
President since 2024Viktor Orbán,
Prime Minister since 2010
Main office-holders
Office Name Party Since
President Tamás Sulyok Independent 5 March 2024
Prime Minister Viktor Orbán Fidesz 29 May 2010

The president of the republic, elected by the National Assembly every five years, has a largely ceremonial role, but they are nominally the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and their powers include the nomination of the prime minister, who is to be elected by a majority of the votes of the members of Parliament, based on the recommendation made by the president of the republic. If the president dies, resigns or is otherwise unable to carry out his duties, the speaker of the National Assembly becomes acting president.

Due to the Hungarian Constitution, based on the post-World War II Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the prime minister has a leading role in the executive branch as he selects Cabinet ministers and has the exclusive right to dismiss them (similarly to the competences of the German federal chancellor). Each cabinet nominee appears before one or more parliamentary committees in consultative open hearings, survive a vote by the Parliament and must be formally approved by the president.

The laws are decided by the Diet of Hungary and later by the National Assembly.

In Communist Hungary, the executive branch of the Hungarian People's Republic was represented by the Council of Ministers.

Legislative branch

Main office-holders
Office Name Party Since
Speaker of the National Assembly László Kövér Fidesz 6 August 2010
Main article: Elections in Hungary
Parliament of Hungary.

The unicameral, 199-member National Assembly (Országgyűlés) is the highest organ of state authority and initiates and approves legislation sponsored by the prime minister. Its members are elected for a four-year term. The election threshold is 5%, but it only applies to the multi-seat constituencies and the compensation seats, not the single-seat constituencies.

Political parties and elections

For other political parties, see List of political parties in Hungary. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Hungary.
Turnout (within Hungary only, excluding eligible voters abroad)
7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 18:30 Overall
1.82% 10.31% 25.77% 40.01% 52.75% 62.92% 67.80% 70.21%
PartyParty-listConstituencyTotal
seats		+/–
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Fidesz-KDNP3,060,70654.13482,823,41952.5287135+2
United for Hungary1,947,33134.44381,983,70836.901957–8
Our Homeland Movement332,4875.886307,0645.7106New
Hungarian Two-Tailed Dog Party185,0523.270126,6482.36000
Solution Movement58,9291.04064,3411.2000New
Party of Normal Life39,7200.70031,4950.5900New
National Self-Government of Germans24,6300.44110
National Self-Government of Croats1,7600.03000
National Self-Government of Slovaks1,2080.02000
National Self-Government of Rusyns6450.01000
National Self-Government of Romanians5260.01000
National Self-Government of Serbs4180.01000
National Self-Government of Ukrainians3960.01000
National Self-Government of Poles2810.00000
National Self-Government of Greeks2320.00000
National Self-Government of Slovenes2190.00000
National Self-Government of Armenians1630.00000
National Self-Government of Bulgarians1570.00000
Leftist Alliance8,6780.1600New
True Democratic Party9890.0200New
Civic Response5210.0100New
Our Party – IMA3260.0100New
Party of Greens2080.0000New
Democratic Organisation of the Hungarian Poor and Workers1770.0000New
Hungarian Liberal Party1520.00000
Independents28,4160.5300-1
Total5,654,860100.00935,376,142100.001061990
Valid votes5,654,86099.005,376,14298.80
Invalid/blank votes57,0651.0065,2391.20
Total votes5,711,925100.005,441,381100.00
Registered voters/turnout8,215,30469.537,703,19170.64
Source: National Electoral Commission, National Electoral Commission

Result by constituency

See also: 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election results by constituency

Party list results by county and in the diaspora

County Fidesz-KDNP United for Hungary Our Homeland MKKP MM NÉP Turnout
Bács-Kiskun 57.25 29.66 7.58 3.08 1.01 0.81 67.5%
Baranya 49.67 36.08 5.93 3.54 0.93 0.86 67.5%
Békés 52.81 34.36 7.64 2.62 0.92 0.89 66.4%
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 54.38 34.29 6.89 2.31 0.99 0.78 64.7%
Budapest 40.84 47.84 4.11 5.19 1.26 0.53 75.5%
Csongrád-Csanád 47.44 39.69 7.34 3.61 1.10 0.72 70.5%
Fejér 53.55 33.80 6.62 3.52 1.15 0.76 71.5%
Győr-Moson-Sopron 57.07 30.83 6.21 3.28 1.33 0.72 73.7%
Hajdú-Bihar 57.88 30.87 6.60 2.69 1.02 0.83 66.1%
Heves 54.98 33.37 7.31 2.50 0.97 0.74 69.0%
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 55.58 33.02 7.15 2.45 0.95 0.82 65.9%
Komárom-Esztergom 50.53 36.32 6.72 3.39 1.11 0.95 69.3%
Nógrád 59.00 29.27 7.66 2.15 0.80 0.68 66.9%
Pest 50.88 36.44 5.81 4.05 1.25 0.66 72.9%
Somogy 56.33 33.48 5.97 2.22 1.02 0.66 68.2%
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg 61.66 29.04 5.59 1.64 0.91 0.80 65.4%
Tolna 58.95 28.49 6.67 2.46 0.90 0.81 68.8%
Vas 59.94 29.55 5.59 2.89 0.89 0.72 74.8%
Veszprém 52.57 34.44 6.88 3.39 1.00 0.76 71.8%
Zala 56.72 31.98 6.63 2.68 0.95 0.94 71.6%
Total in Hungary 52.45 36.15 6.15 3.42 1.10 0.73 70.21%
Diaspora 93.89 4.12 1.06 0.61 0.10 0.22
Total 54.13 34.44 5.88 3.27 1.04 0.70 69.59%

There are basically two main factions in the Hungarian political system, the right-wing FIDESZ-KDNP coalition, and the center-right to left-wing United for Hungary which consists of the following parties: DK, MSZP, Jobbik, Dialogue, LMP-Greens, Momentum. There are also associate parties and movements such as ÚVNP, Liberals, New Start, MMM movement, 99M movement. There are also some minor parties which are not part of these two coalitions such as the far-right Our Homeland Movement, and the joke party called Hungarian Two Tailed Dog Party.

Judicial branches

Constitutional Court of Hungary.

A fifteen-member Constitutional Court has power to challenge legislation on grounds of unconstitutionality. This body was last filled in July 2010. Members are elected for a term of twelve years. Critics of the ruling coalition contend that since the Hungarian government filled the Constitutional Court with loyal judges, the institution mostly serves to legitimize government interests and has lost its original purpose as democratic defender of the rule of law and of human rights - as several reports of independent human rights NGOs, such as the Hungarian Helsinki Committee emphasize.

The president of the Supreme Court of Hungary (Curia) and the Hungarian civil and penal legal system he leads is fully independent of the Executive Branch.

The attorney general or chief prosecutor of Hungary is currently fully independent of the executive branch, but his status is actively debated.

Several ombudsman offices exist in Hungary to protect civil, minority, educational and ecological rights in non-judicial matters. They have held the authority to issue legally binding decisions since late 2003.

Financial branch

The central bank, the Hungarian National Bank was fully self-governing between 1990 and 2004, but new legislation gave certain appointment rights to the executive branch in November 2004 which is disputed before the Constitutional Court.

Administrative divisions

Hungary is divided in 19 counties (megyék, singular – megye), 23 urban counties* (megyei jogú városok, singular – megyei jogú város), and 1 capital city** (főváros); Bács-Kiskun, Baranya, Békés, Békéscsaba*, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Budapest**, Csongrád, Debrecen*, Dunaújváros*, Eger*, Érd*, Fejér, Győr*, Győr-Moson-Sopron, Hajdú-Bihar, Heves, Hódmezővásárhely*, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvár*, Kecskemét*, Komárom-Esztergom, Miskolc*, Nagykanizsa*, Nógrád, Nyíregyháza*, Pécs*, Pest, Salgótarján*, Somogy, Sopron*, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Szeged*, Szekszárd*, Székesfehérvár*, Szolnok*, Szombathely*, Tatabánya*, Tolna, Vas, Veszprém, Veszprém*, Zala, Zalaegerszeg*

Involvement in international organisations

Hungary is a member of the ABEDA, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CEI, CERN, CEPI EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU (member, as by 1 May 2004), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WCO, WFTU, Visegrád Group, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, and the Zangger Committee.

Ministries

Note: with restructuring and reorganisation, this information may change even within a governmental period.

Ministries of Hungary
English name Hungarian name Minister
The Prime Minister's Office Miniszterelnökség Gergely Gulyás
The Prime Minister's Cabinet Office A Miniszterelnöki Kabinetiroda Antal Rogán
Ministry of Home Affairs Belügyminisztérium Sándor Pintér
Ministry of Defence Honvédelmi Minisztérium Tibor Benkő
Ministry of Human Resources Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma Miklós Kásler
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Külgazdasági és Külügyminisztérium Péter Szijjártó
Ministry of Justice Igazságügyi Minisztérium Judit Varga
Ministry of Finance Pénzügyminisztérium Mihály Varga
Ministry of Agriculture Agrárminisztérium István Nagy
Ministry of Innovation and Technology Innovációs és Technológiai Minisztérium László Palkovics

Ministers without portfolio

Notes

References

  1. Bakke, Elisabeth; Sitter, Nick (March 2022). "The EU's Enfants Terribles: Democratic Backsliding in Central Europe since 2010". Perspectives on Politics. 20 (1): 22–37. doi:10.1017/S1537592720001292. hdl:20.500.14018/13797. ISSN 1537-5927.
  2. Dougall, David Mac; Palfi, Rita (3 April 2022). "Key Takeaways as Viktor Orbán Wins Fourth Consecutive Term". Euronews. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
  3. ^ "Nemzeti Választási Iroda - Országgyűlési Választás 2022" [National Electoral Commission - Election of National Assembly Representatives 2022] (in Hungarian). 16 April 2022. Archived from the original on 22 April 2022.
  4. "Részvételi arány az országgyűlési választásokon". ksh.hu.
  5. "Országgyűlési képviselők választása 2022 - országos listás szavazás eredménye". valasztas.hu.
  6. "Hungary's Government Has Taken Control of the Constitutional Court". 25 March 2015.
  7. "Government Members". The Hungarian Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 5 February 2004. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
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