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{{short description|American collector and skeptic (1958–2015)}} | |||
{{wikify-date|April 2006}} | |||
{{POV|date=July 2015}} | |||
'''Al Seckel''' (born 1958) is an authority on visual and other types of sensory ]s and how they relate to ]. Seckel collects, researches, and experiments with illusions to understand what conditions are necessary for them to work, with particular focus on how they can be explained in terms of the electrophysiology and neuroanatomy of the retinal and cortical networks that mediate visual perception. In addition to his research on visual perception, Seckel has served as a consultant to illusionists such as ], ], Keith Barry, and many other prominent names in the magic community.{{fact}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2022}} | |||
{{Infobox person | |||
| name = Al Seckel | |||
| image = Al Seckel in 2009.jpg | |||
| image_size = | |||
| caption = Seckel in 2009 | |||
| birth_name = Alfred Paul Seckel | |||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1958|09|03}} | |||
| birth_place = ], U.S. | |||
| death_date = 2015 (aged 56) | |||
| death_place = France | |||
| known_for = Popularizer of optical illusions | |||
| education = ], no degree | |||
| occupation = Writer, ] | |||
| years_active = | |||
| spouses = {{plainlist| | |||
* {{marriage|Laura Mullen|1980||end=divorced}} | |||
* {{marriage|]|2004||end=separated}} | |||
* {{marriage|Alice Klarke<br />||2007|end=}} | |||
}} | |||
| partners = ]<br />(2007–2015; his death) | |||
| parents = {{unbulleted list|]|Paul Bernard Seckel}} | |||
}} | |||
'''Alfred Paul''' "'''Al'''" '''Seckel''' (September 3, 1958 – 2015) was an American collector and popularizer of ] and other types of sensory ]s, who wrote books about them. Active in the ] movement as a ] in the 1980s, he was the co-founder<ref name="bridgetread" /> and executive director of the Southern California Skeptics.<ref name="Stewart_1986" /> News coverage arising from his connection to ] has stressed Seckel's misrepresentation of his education and credentials.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Armstrong |first=Stephen |date=December 30, 2021 |title=The stranger-than-fiction history of the Maxwell madhouse |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/entertainment/tv/the-stranger-than-fiction-history-of-the-maxwell-madhouse/ar-AAShVaF |access-date=April 16, 2022 |quote=. . . Epstein's Mindshift conference – a TED Talk rival co-founded with Al Seckel. As befits a suitor for arguably the strangest family in the world, Seckel socialised with the likes of Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman, Elon Musk and Dudley Moore, and convinced many people that he was a cognitive neuroscientist with ties to Cal Tech. In fact, he was a top-notch charlatan who had failed to graduate from college – but he delighted in delivering TED Talks and publishing books on the science of visual illusions.}}</ref> | |||
== Visual Illusions == | |||
Seckel specializes in visual and other types of sensory illusions, because they serve as a nice window into how the brain perceives, since they can reveal the hidden constraints of the perceptual system in a way that normal perceptual processes do not. In this capacity, he has discovered and lectured about many of the hidden rules that mediate human perception. Seckel has written many books on visual illusions. Seckel also has a monthly column on illusions in National Geographics KIDS magazine. | |||
== Early life == | |||
In 1994, Seckel designed and put up for free display the first{{fact}} interactive web site on illusions. The visitor could freely interact with illusions. He has lectured on this topic at many of the world's most prestigious institutions, and has designed and built many interactive galleries on science and perception for science museums around the world. | |||
Seckel was born September 3, 1958, in ], New York to Paul Bernard Seckel, a German-born painter and graphic artist, and ], a German-born pianist and classical composer. His mother was a refugee from the ]. Seckel was raised in a ] household. He grew up in ] with his two brothers. Seckel graduated from ] in 1976. He attended ] from 1976 to 1978 but left without receiving a degree.<ref name="Tablet2015" /> | |||
In 2005, Seckel was one of the judges in the first "Best Visual Illusion of the Year" contest held in A Corona, Spain at the European Conference on Visual Perception, and has been sponsoring the contest since then. | |||
In 1981, Seckel moved to the ], where he lived for nearly thirty years.<ref name="Tablet2015" /> | |||
== Freethought movement == | |||
== Career == | |||
Throughout the 1980s, Seckel was very active in the ]. In this capacity he authored many freethought and skeptical articles, which are still popular today. He also edited two books on the English rationalist philosopher ]. In 1983, Seckel and John Edward co-created the ], which was first sold as a bumper sticker and on T-shirts in 1983-84 by Atheists United. By 1990, the design had been appropriated by Evolution Design of Austin, Texas, and turned into a million-dollar business. When Evolution Design began threatening to sue distributors of look-alike and derivative products (like a Jewish "gefilte" fish), Seckel in turn sued Evolution Design for copyright infringement. Seckel did not seek royalties, but wanted Evolution Design to allow free use of the design by anyone authorized by him.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fish fight looms over bumper ornament|author=Sarah Lubman|publisher=Albany, NY Times-Union (via Knight-Ridder News Service)|date=December 26, 1995}}</ref> | |||
=== Freethought movement === | |||
The suit was settled after it became apparent that Seckel and Edwards lost copyright when they allowed the design to fall into public domain. | |||
Throughout the 1980s, Seckel was active in the ] movement and generated a number of articles and pamphlets. He also edited two books on the English rationalist philosopher ]. In 1983, Seckel and John Edwards co-created the ] design, which was first sold as a bumper sticker and on T-shirts in 1983–84 by a ] group called Atheists United.<ref name="Fish fight">{{cite news|author=Lubman|first=Sarah|date=December 21, 1995|title=Which came first? Copyright battle brewing over evolution of Darwin fish|work=]|publisher=Knight-Ridder News Service|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19951221&id=jukyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yAcGAAAAIBAJ&pg=3452%2c4280945&hl=en|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref> Chris Gilman, a Hollywood ] maker, began to manufacture plastic car ornaments with the Darwin fish in 1990, and licensed the design to Evolution Design of Austin, Texas.<ref>{{cite news |title=Filleting their foes through a fish |author=Berta Delgado |publisher=The Record (Bergen County, NJ) |date=March 15, 1998 |page=L05}} (originally published in the Dallas Morning News)</ref> When the emblem evolved into a million-dollar business, Evolution Design threatened to sue distributors of look-alike and derivative products. Seckel in turn sued Evolution Design for copyright infringement. Although Seckel produced examples of the design that predated Gilman's 1990 copyright date, the suit was settled when it was determined that Seckel and Edwards had allowed the design to fall into ].<ref name="Fish fight" /> | |||
In 1984, Seckel started the Southern California Skeptics at the California Institute of Technology, where he became a leading investigator and spokesperson for science and its relationship to the paranormal. During this time, he worked closely with prominent scientists and magicians, investigating various supernatural claims from the scientific perspective. The Los Angeles Times discussed the organization in an editorial entitled "Go Skeptics!"<ref>{{cite news|title=Go, Skeptics!|author=Op Ed|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=May 5, 1985}}</ref> One such investigation (utilizing the help of many skeptical organizations and magicians, including James "Amazing" Randi) involved the well-known faith healer Peter Popoff, who used a hearing transmitter to give the impression that he was psychic and hearing private information from God. This became the foundation of a popular movie titled "Leap of Faith," staring Steve Martin. Between 1987-1989, Seckel had his own personal column in the Los Angeles Times and the Santa Monica Monthly News. | |||
In 1984, Seckel started the Southern California Skeptics (SCS) and became a spokesperson for science and its relationship to the ].<ref name="Nostradamus">{{cite news|author=Rheinhold|first=Robert|date=April 8, 1988|title=Winning the West from Nostradamus|page=A14|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/08/us/los-angeles-journal-winning-the-west-from-nostradamus.html|access-date=July 3, 2020}} Note: This article inaccurately states that Seckel was a physicist.</ref> SCS co-sponsored and produced a monthly series of lectures, primarily held at the California Institute of Technology, with other meetings occasionally held on the campus of Cal State Fullerton, that explained alleged paranormal phenomena such as ] and ].<ref>'', The Skeptical Inquirer'', vol. 12 no. 4, Summer, 1988; p. 346.</ref><ref name="Baker_1985">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-21-mn-13148-story.html|title=A Skeptical View: Doubting Academics Waging a Flamboyant Battle to Debunk Society's Fascination With Popular Theories|author=Baker|first=Bob|date=April 21, 1985|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=August 6, 2019|page=A3}}</ref><ref name="Good show">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-01-04-ga-1716-story.html|title=No Doubt About It--The Skeptics Put On Good Show|author=Newton|first=Edmund|date=January 4, 1987|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=August 6, 2019|page=1}}</ref> Seckel was the founder and executive director of SCS.<ref name="Stewart_1986">{{Cite journal|last=Stewart|first=Doug|date=November 1986|title=Wheels go round and round, but always run down|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A4538950/ITOF?u=spl_main&sid=ITOF&xid=cca4b010|journal=Smithsonian|volume=17|pages=193+|via=Gale General OneFile}}</ref> An article published in '']'' in 1985 states that the Southern California Skeptics were "the fastest growing chapter of the ] (CSICOP)".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5WQaw-Vf6AC&q=al+seckel+and+csicop&pg=PA28|title=Feedback in Los Angeles|date=June 6, 1985|work=New Scientist|access-date=August 11, 2019|publisher=Reed Business Information|issue=1459|volume=106|page=28|issn=0262-4079}}</ref> Author George P. Hansen, in an article published in 1992, stated that incidents involving Seckel had embarrassed CSICOP because "he did not hold the academic credentials he claimed."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hansen|first=George P.|date=January 1992|title=CSICOP and the Skeptics: An Overview|url=http://www.tricksterbook.com/ArticlesOnline/CSICOPoverview.htm|journal=The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research|volume=86|page= 39|access-date=August 5, 2019|quote="Incidents involving Al Seckel have also proved embarrassing for CSICOP. Seckel was an official and active member of the Committee and a founder of the Southern California Skeptics. After years of high profile activity, it was discovered that he did not hold the academic credentials he claimed. Ironically, the Committee had previously prided itself on exposing hoaxers and con artists, but CSICOP has made no public comment on the Seckel affair."}}</ref> | |||
In 1987, Seckel helped sponsor an amicus brief, with the support of the physicist and Nobel Laureate ], to counter the arguments that "]" was truly scientific. This issue came before the U.S. Supreme Court. Seckel organized a brief, written with Jeffrey Lehmann (later president of Cornell University), and signed by 72 American Nobel laureates, that stated a definition of science, as well as the facts that "creation science" was counter not only to the study of evolution, but to ALL sciences. All of the opinions cited the brief, including the dissents. This led to a 7-2 decision that upheld the notion that so-called "creation-science" was in fact, religion disguised as science, delliberate construed as such in order to circumvent the consititutional prohibitions of keeping Church and State separate, especially in the public science classroom. | |||
The Southern California Skeptics dissolved after the late 1980s. In 1991, ] and Pat Linse co-founded a new ]-area skeptical group called ]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ibold|first=Hans|date=November 13, 2000|title=L.A.'s Own Ghostbuster|url=https://labusinessjournal.com/news/2000/nov/13/paranormal-las-own-ghostbuster/|journal=Los Angeles Business Journal|volume=22|issue=46|quote=Pat Linse, co-founder of the Skeptic Society in Pasadena.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Loxton|first=Daniel|date=November 2009|title=The Paradoxical Future of Skepticism|url=https://skepticalinquirer.org/2009/11/the-paradoxical-future-of-skepticism/|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|publisher=Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal|volume=33|issue=6}}</ref> after the Southern California Skeptics had disbanded.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shermer|first=Michael|date=June 22, 2021|title=All Our Yesterdays: A Remembrance of Pat Linse.|url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=10639330&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA681541786&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs|journal=Skeptic (Altadena, CA)|language=English|volume=26|issue=3|pages=64–71}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Smith|first=Scott S.|date=April 2000|title=Schism in the Church of the Left Brain|url=https://www.discord.org/~lippard/skeptic/Fate-Apr-Jun-2000.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=November 7, 2021|publisher=]|pages=36–37|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108001425/https://www.discord.org/~lippard/skeptic/Fate-Apr-Jun-2000.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2021 }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|last=Shermer|first=Michael|date=June 2000|title=Letter in response to Schism in the Church of the Left Brain|url=https://www.discord.org/~lippard/skeptic/Fate-Apr-Jun-2000.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=November 7, 2021|website=]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108001425/https://www.discord.org/~lippard/skeptic/Fate-Apr-Jun-2000.pdf |archive-date=November 8, 2021 }}</ref> | |||
In late 1989, due to a sudden onset of leukemia, Seckel was forced to abandon the Skeptics, and had to immediately enter the hospital, where his health quickly deteriorated; the Southern California Skeptics folded, resurrected a couple of years later by ] and renamed ]. Seckel started to recover from his illness in 1992, turning his full attention to studying the human brain, specifically vision and how it relates to perception. | |||
=== Visual illusions === | |||
==Affiliations== | |||
Seckel was "a leading collector and popularizer" of ].<ref name="Tablet2015"/> | |||
In 1994, he created an interactive website on illusions.<ref name="Seeing">Voss, David. "Seeing is believing." ''Science.'' (1997) Vol. 275, p. 792.</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=O'Connell|first=Pamela Licalzi|date=April 16, 1998|title=Screen Grab; See the Spiral Spin, See Your Skin Crawl!|page=G10|work=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/16/technology/screen-grab-see-the-spiral-spin-see-your-skin-crawl.html|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref> He also developed visual illusion installations for museums.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaiser|first=Jocelyn|date=1998|title=Eye twisters|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A20813399/AONE?u=spl_main&sid=AONE&xid=57708618|journal=Science|volume=280|pages=1163|doi=10.1126/science.280.5367.1163c|s2cid=220089708|quote=Al Seckel, vice president of a company called IllusionWorks LLC that produces exhibits for museums|via=Gale Academic OneFile}}</ref> | |||
Seckel's books about optical illusions include several picture books for children such as ''Ambiguous Illusions'' (2005), ''Action Optical Illusions'' (2005) and ''Stereo Optical Illusions'' (2006). | |||
In 1976 Seckel attended ] and came under the influence of L. Pearce Williams, a ] professor. Williams spent an enormous amount of time with Seckel. Intially, Seckel wanted to pursue a career in astronomy, and had a brief stint as the famous astronomer ]'s teaching assistant. After leaving Cornell University, and between the period of 1982 and 1988, Seckel started a close relationship with the Caltech professor, physicist, and Nobel Prize winner ]. Seckel and Feynman would spend many hours together, and many of their adventures together can be found on line at the Feynman on-line web site.{{fact}} Seckel also developed a close relationship with Feynman's close collegue and rival the Nobel prize winning physicist ]. During the late 1990s, Seckel together with book publisher Jeremy Norman, collected, organized, and preserved the original papers of many of the pioneers in the history of the development of molecular biology, so that these historically important papers would be preserved for scholarly use.<ref>{{cite news|title=The History Man|author=Rex Dalton|publisher=Nature|date=June 14, 2001}}</ref> The collection now resides at the Craig Ventor Institute.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ventor Institute Buys Documents of Biotech History|author=Neil Adler|publisher=Washington Business Journal|date=August 10, 2005}}</ref> | |||
His book, ''Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali, and the Artists of Optical Illusion'' (2004), collects the work of many visual illusion artists, including among others ] (1527–1593), ] (1904–1989), ] (1898–1972), and ] (1905–1944). His book ''The Art of Optical Illusions'' placed first on the American Library Association's "Top 10 Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers" list for 2001.<ref>"YALSA announces Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers" (January 2001). American Library Association </ref> | |||
*Seckel is a member of the Edge.org, which is an international think tank of some of the world's most prominent scientists, writers, achievers, and intellectuals. | |||
*Seckel is on the nominating board for the ] ("Genius") awards. | |||
*Seckel has been a member of the American Academy of Achievement. | |||
*He is a principle organizer of the Conference for ]. | |||
*He has been a consultant for TED (Technology, Entertainment, and Design Conference). | |||
*Until 2005, Seckel was a Research Fellow at the ]. | |||
*Seckel is a non-paid consultant to many well-known philanthrophic organizations. | |||
He gave many lectures about such illusions, including an early ] (2004) and a talk at the ], Davos in 2011.<ref name="Tablet2015"/> | |||
==Family== | |||
==Other activities== | |||
Seckel has one daughter Elizabeth, born in 1987. His father is an artist and his mother (Ruth Schonthal) is a classical composer. He has two older brothers. He was born in New Rochelle, NY. and now resides in Malibu, CA. | |||
=== Rare book investment and sales === | |||
During the late 1990s, Seckel collected the papers of a number of early molecular biologists (including ], ], ], ], and ]) for rare-book dealer Jeremy Norman.<ref name="Preserving_2005">{{Cite journal|last1=Zinder|first1=Norton|last2=Roberts|first2=Richard J.|date=January 28, 2005|title=Preserving an important collection|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A128605638/AONE?u=spl_main&sid=AONE&xid=d4b1ec3a|journal=Science|volume=307|issue=5709|pages=519|doi=10.1126/science.307.5709.519a|pmid=15681368|s2cid=30534232|via=Gale Academic OneFile}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Dalton|first=Rex|date=June 14, 2001|title=The History Man|work=Nature|publisher=Nature Publishing Group|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A187996469/AONE?u=spl_main&sid=AONE&xid=a4d0c240}}</ref> At the time they were collected, the market value of the archive was unknown as many institutions did not have an interest in keeping the archives of scientists.<ref name=":5" /> After the ] purchased the papers of ] in 2001 for $2.4 million, Norman pursued individual sale of the items in his collection through ].<ref name=":5" /> A lawsuit prevented the individual sale of the items by Norman.<ref name="Preserving_2005" /> Seckel and Norman had a falling out.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pincock|first=Stephen|date=2005|title=Venter buys history|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A136208225/AONE?u=spl_main&sid=AONE&xid=af6ee4c4|journal=The Scientist|volume=19|pages=12|via=Gale Academic OneFile}}</ref> According to Seckel, the sale was canceled due to his extensive documentation that was brought to the attention of Christie's.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dalton|first=Rex|date=March 13, 2003|title=Auction of DNA archive cancelled|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A187661524/AONE?u=spl_main&sid=AONE&xid=d781a3cb|journal=Nature|volume=422|issue=6928|pages=102|doi=10.1038/422102b|pmid=12634743|bibcode=2003Natur.422..102D|s2cid=52817212|via=Gale Academic OneFile|doi-access=free}}</ref> Although former colleagues and associates of ] and Crick attempted to raise the asking price of $3.2 million in an effort to have the collection donated to the ], the collection was eventually acquired by molecular biologist J. ], with the stated aim of keeping the critical resource available to scholars by housing it at the ].<ref name=":5">{{cite news|author=Nicholas Wade|date=August 10, 2005|title=Picassos? Warhols? No, This Multimillion-Dollar Collection Stars the Science of DNA|page=A1|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/10/science/picassos-warhols-no-this-multimilliondollar-collection-stars-the.html|quote=After the Crick papers passed out of reach, Mr. Norman decided to put the collection up for auction at Christie's. According to an article in Nature in 2003, Mr. Seckel objected to the sale, saying he had promised the sellers that their collections of papers would not be broken up, and said he would go to court if necessary to block the proceedings.}}</ref> | |||
== |
=== Lawsuits and disputes === | ||
Seckel was sued on several occasions after disputes over rare-book investment and sales.<ref name="Tablet2015">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/191806/the-illusionist-al-seckel|title=The Illusionist |last=Oppenheimer |first=Mark |work=Tablet (magazine)|date=July 20, 2015 |access-date=March 11, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Filthy Rich|last1=Patterson|first1=James|last2=Connolly|first2=John|last3=Malloy|first3=Tim|publisher=Little Brown and Company|year=2016|isbn=9780316274050|location=New York|pages=233–236}}</ref> | |||
In a '']'' article from 1994, Tom McIver (author of ''Anti-Evolution: An Annotated Bibliography'') accused Seckel of failing to disclose financial information as leader of the Southern California Skeptics and misrepresenting his academic credentials.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1994/nov/03/cover-a-little-bit-east-of-eden/#|title=Evolution debate on full display – Creation Museum in Santee, A little bit east of Eden|last=McIver|first=Tom|date=November 3, 1994|work=San Diego Reader|access-date=July 29, 2019}}</ref> Seckel later sued McIver for libel over edits to his Misplaced Pages page. The suit was settled in 2007 under undisclosed terms.<ref name="Tablet2015" /> | |||
*''Bertrand Rusell on God and Religion'', (Seckel, editor), Prometheus Books, 1988 | |||
*''Science and the Paranormal'', SCS Publishing, 2987 | |||
A 2015 profile of Seckel in ] by Mark Oppenheimer detailed several first-person accounts from individuals who reported that Seckel still owed them money including the widow of one of his mentors, his lawyer, a graduate student, and those who had engaged in rare book deals. The article stated that there were at least 25 cases involving Seckel from 1992 to 2015 in the ] database.<ref name="Tablet2015" /> Oppenheimer reported that Seckel cultivated a false image, both with personal contacts and within the media, of himself as a graduate from Cornell with degrees in physics and math, as an affiliate of and candidate for doctoral degrees at Caltech, and as a scientist conducting research in conjunction with colleagues at Harvard University. Some of these inaccuracies were published in media coverage of Seckel, including in the ''Los Angeles Times'' in 1985<ref name="Baker_1985" /> and 1987.<ref name="Tablet2015" /><ref name="Good show" /> | |||
*''Bertrand Russell on Sex, Marriage, and Morals'', (Seckel, editor), Prometheus Books, 1988 | |||
Seckel was later accused of absconding with over $500,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cawthorne |first=Nigel |date=2021-12-10 |title=Ghislaine Maxwell's former famous friends are conspicuously absent - but her family has rallied |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/world/ghislaine-maxwells-former-famous-friends-are-conspicuously-absent-but-her-family-has-rallied-around-1346935 |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=inews.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> | |||
*''The Art of Optical Illusions'', Carlton Books, 2002 | |||
=== Collaboration with Jeffrey Epstein === | |||
*''More Optical Illusions'', Carlton Books, 2003 | |||
In 2009, Seckel was involved in organizing a science conference with financier and convicted sex offender ]. The Mindshift conference took place in early 2011 on Epstein's private island ].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/strange-saga-jeffrey-epstein-s-link-brock-pierce-1240462|title=The Strange Saga of Jeffrey Epstein's Link to a Child Star Turned Cryptocurrency Mogul|last=Masters|first=Kim|date=September 18, 2019|website=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en|access-date=April 10, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Edwards|first=Bradley J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S-vIDwAAQBAJ&q=Al+Seckel+Epstein&pg=PA160|title=Relentless Pursuit: My Fight for the Victims of Jeffrey Epstein|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2020|isbn=9781982148133|pages=160–163}}</ref> In attendance were scientists ], ], ],<ref name=":0" /> and ],<ref name=":2" /> in addition to the actor and cryptocurrency proponent ].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> | |||
An interview between Jeffrey Epstein and Al Seckel discussing perception appeared on Epstein's science website on October 17, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jeffreyepsteinscience.com/2010/10/jeffrey-epstein-talks-perception-with-al-seckel/|title=Jeffrey Epstein Talks Perception with Al Seckel|date=October 17, 2010|website=Jeffrey Epstein Science|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112051416/http://www.jeffreyepsteinscience.com/2010/10/jeffrey-epstein-talks-perception-with-al-seckel/|archive-date=November 12, 2010|access-date=July 29, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | |||
*''Great Book of Optical Illusions'', Firefly Books, 2004 | |||
==Personal life== | |||
*''Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali, and the Artists of Optical Illusion,'' Sterling Books, 2004 | |||
Seckel married Laura Mullen in 1980; their daughter Elizabeth was born in 1987. Mullen and Seckel later divorced. His second marriage was to ] in 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada: it was never annulled.<ref name="Tablet2015" /> Seckel married for a third time to Alice Klarke; the union was dissolved in 2007. Seckel became involved with ] from 2007 until his death in France in 2015.<ref name="Tablet2015" /> | |||
From approximately 2010 until 2015, Seckel lived in France.<ref name="Tablet2015" /><ref name=":3" /> Seckel's body was reportedly found at the bottom of a cliff in July 2015 in France.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Kennedy|first=Dana|date=August 18, 2019|title=Jeffrey Epstein 'Friend' Ghislaine Maxwell Has More Skeletons in Her Family Closet Than a House of Horrors|language=en|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/jeffrey-epstein-friend-ghislaine-maxwell-has-more-skeletons-in-her-family-closet-than-a-house-of-horrors|access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref> As of September 2021,<ref name=":3" /> his death remained unconfirmed by French authorities.<ref name=bridgetread>{{citation|access-date=November 5, 2020|url=https://www.thecut.com/2019/08/ghislaine-maxwell-family-twin-sisters.html|title=The Epstein Case: Ghislaine Maxwell's Twin Sisters Have Their Own Wild Stories|first=Bridget|last=Read|date=August 21, 2019|work=]|archive-date=July 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709072727/https://www.thecut.com/2019/08/ghislaine-maxwell-family-twin-sisters.html}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":3" /> | |||
*''Incredible Visual Illusions'', Arcturus Books, 2005 | |||
== Bibliography == | |||
*''Ambiguous Optical Illusions'', Sterling Books, 2005 | |||
* ''Science and the Paranormal.'' SCS Publishing (1987) | |||
* ''Bertrand Russell on God and Religion.'' (Seckel, editor), Prometheus Books (1986) {{ISBN|0-87975-323-4}} | |||
* ''Bertrand Russell on Sex, Marriage, and Morals.'' (Seckel, editor), Prometheus Books (1987) {{ISBN|0-87975-400-1}} | |||
* ''The Art of Optical Illusions.'' Carlton Books (2000) {{ISBN|1-84222-054-3}} | |||
* ''Great Book of Optical Illusions.'' Firefly Books (2004) {{ISBN|1-55297-650-5}} | |||
* ''Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali, and the Artists of Optical Illusion.'' Sterling Books (2004) {{ISBN|1-4027-0577-8}} | |||
* ''Incredible Visual Illusions.'' (with Rebecca Panayiotou and Tessa Rose, editors), Arcturus Books (2005) {{ISBN|1-84193-197-7}} | |||
* ''Action Optical Illusions.'' Sterling Books (2005) {{ISBN|1-4027-1828-4}} | |||
* ''Impossible Optical Illusions.'' Sterling Books (2005) {{ISBN|1-4027-1830-6}} | |||
* ''Stereo Optical Illusions.'' Sterling Books (2006) {{ISBN|1-4027-1833-0}} | |||
* ''Optical Illusions: The Science of Visual Perception.'' Firefly Books (2006) {{ISBN|1-55407-172-0}} | |||
== References == | |||
*''Action Optical Illusions'', Sterling Books, 2005 | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | |||
*''Geometrical Optical Illusions'', Sterling Books, 2005 | |||
*''Impossible Optical Illusions'', Sterling Books, 2005 | |||
*''Stereo Optical Illusions'', Sterling Books, 2006 | |||
*''Topsy-Turvy Illusions'', Sterling Books, 2006 | |||
*''Composite Illusions'', Sterling Books, 2006 | |||
*''Hidden Images'', Sterling Books, 2006 | |||
*''Wacky Pictures'', Sterling Books, 2006 | |||
*''Optical Illusions: The Science of Perception'', Firefly Books, 2006 | |||
== Popular Published Articles (partial list)== | |||
*"What I Admire About Albert Einstein," ''Discover Magazine'', Dec 2004 | |||
*"Rather than Just Debunking, Encourage People to Think," ''The Skeptical Inquirer'', vol. 13, Spring, 1989 | |||
*"Couch Potato Dog Convinces Hard-Core Skeptics," Skeptical Eye, ''Los Angeles Times'', 1989 | |||
*"Dalmation's Counting Goes to the Dogs," Skeptical Eye, ''Los Angeles Times'', 1989 | |||
*"An Interview with the Amazing Randi," ''Laser'', Vol 4, no. 4, Jan - April, 1989 | |||
*"Spontaneous Human Combustion: No Longer a Burning Issue," ''Santa Monica Times'', 1988 | |||
*"Skeptic's File's Revealed," ''Santa Monica News'', September 9, 1988 | |||
*"Extraterrestrial Hijacking," ''Santa Monica News'', 1988 | |||
*"Nancy Reagan's Astro-Logic," ''Santa Monica News'', July 29, 1988 | |||
*"Quacks: Health Criminals," ''Santa Monica News'', May 20, 1988 | |||
*"Psychic Hot Air," ''Santa Monica News'', May 6, 1988 | |||
*"Recognizing Destructive and Manipulative Groups," ''Santa Monica News'', April 22, 1988 | |||
*"Surgery as Magic," ''Santa Monica News'', February 26, 1988 | |||
*"Remembering Richard Feynman," ''Santa Monica News'', February 2, 1988 | |||
*"Pinocchio Science: The Truth about Lie Detectors," ''Santa Monica News'', Jan 17, 1988 | |||
*"Tabloid Psychics Failed to Predic '87 Would be a Bad Year for Them," The Skeptical Eye, ''Los Angeles Times'', January 11, 1988 | |||
*"The Man Who Could Read Record Groves," The Skeptical Eye, ''Los Angeles Times'', Oct 19, 1987 | |||
*"Sensing Just Hot to Help the Police," The Skeptical Eye, Los Angeles Times, 1987 | |||
*"Science, Creationism, and the U.S. Supreme Court," ''The Skeptical Inquirer'', Vol. 11, Winter, 1986-87 | |||
*"God's Frequency is 39.17Megahertz! The Investigation of Peter Popoff," ''Science and the Paranormal'', 1987 | |||
*"Not in the Right Spirit: SCS's Investigation of Eye on LA's Ghost," ''Science and the Paranormal'', 1987 | |||
*"Fraud in Fortune-telling: An Interview with Detective Pat Riley," ''Science and the Paranormal'', 1987 | |||
*"Near-Death Experiences: An Interview with Dr. Ronald Siegel," ''Science and the Paranormal'', 1987 | |||
*"Firewalking Cults: Nothing But Hot Air," ''Science and the Paranormal'', 1987 | |||
*"The New Age Marketplace" (authored with Pat Linse), ''Science and the Paranormal'', 1987 | |||
*"GobbledyGook in the New Age," ''Science and the Paranormal'', 1987 | |||
*"UFOs: An Interview with Dr. Albert Hibbs," ''Science and the Paranormal'', 1987 | |||
*"Keep Creationism out of Public Schools!," ''Freethought Today'', Vol. 3, no. 8, 1986 | |||
*"Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Folklore," ''Laser'', Vol. 2, no. 2, Feb - April, 1986 | |||
*"The Revolt Against the Lightning Rod," (co-authored with John Edwards), ''Free Inquiry'', Winter, 1986 | |||
*"Robert Ingersoll's Views on Religion," (co-authored with Gordon Stein), Atheists United, Freethought Leaflet, 1985 | |||
*"Russell and the Cuban Missile Crisis," ''Journal of the Bertrand Russell Studies'', Vol. 4, no. 2, Winter 1984 | |||
*"The Shroud of Turin," (co-authored with John Edwards), Atheists United, Freethought Leaflet, 1984 | |||
*"History's Judgment on Religion," Atheists United, Freethought Leaflet, 1984 | |||
*"Equal Time for Creationism?" (co-authored with John Edwards), Atheists United, Freethought Leaflet, 1983 | |||
*"Thomas Paines' Views on Religion," Atheists United, Freethought Leaflet, 1982 | |||
*"Albert Einstein's Views on Religion," Atheists United, Freethought Leaflet, 1982 | |||
*"Charles Darwin's Views on Religion," (co-authored with John Edwards), Atheists United, Freethought Leaflet, 1982 | |||
*"Bertrand Russell's Views on Religion," Atheists United, Freethought Leaflet, 1982 | |||
*"Scientists Crucified: Hypatia," ''The Humanist'', May 1981 | |||
== References == | |||
<references/> | |||
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Latest revision as of 22:47, 14 November 2024
American collector and skeptic (1958–2015)The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Al Seckel | |
---|---|
Seckel in 2009 | |
Born | Alfred Paul Seckel (1958-09-03)September 3, 1958 New York City, U.S. |
Died | 2015 (aged 56) France |
Education | Cornell University, no degree |
Occupation(s) | Writer, scientific skeptic |
Known for | Popularizer of optical illusions |
Spouses |
(until 2007) |
Partners | Isabel Maxwell (2007–2015; his death) |
Parents |
|
Alfred Paul "Al" Seckel (September 3, 1958 – 2015) was an American collector and popularizer of visual and other types of sensory illusions, who wrote books about them. Active in the Freethought movement as a skeptic in the 1980s, he was the co-founder and executive director of the Southern California Skeptics. News coverage arising from his connection to Jeffrey Epstein has stressed Seckel's misrepresentation of his education and credentials.
Early life
Seckel was born September 3, 1958, in New York City, New York to Paul Bernard Seckel, a German-born painter and graphic artist, and Ruth Schonthal, a German-born pianist and classical composer. His mother was a refugee from the Nazis. Seckel was raised in a Jewish household. He grew up in New Rochelle, NY with his two brothers. Seckel graduated from New Rochelle High School in 1976. He attended Cornell University from 1976 to 1978 but left without receiving a degree.
In 1981, Seckel moved to the Los Angeles metropolitan area, where he lived for nearly thirty years.
Career
Freethought movement
Throughout the 1980s, Seckel was active in the Freethought movement and generated a number of articles and pamphlets. He also edited two books on the English rationalist philosopher Bertrand Russell. In 1983, Seckel and John Edwards co-created the Darwin fish design, which was first sold as a bumper sticker and on T-shirts in 1983–84 by a southern California group called Atheists United. Chris Gilman, a Hollywood prop maker, began to manufacture plastic car ornaments with the Darwin fish in 1990, and licensed the design to Evolution Design of Austin, Texas. When the emblem evolved into a million-dollar business, Evolution Design threatened to sue distributors of look-alike and derivative products. Seckel in turn sued Evolution Design for copyright infringement. Although Seckel produced examples of the design that predated Gilman's 1990 copyright date, the suit was settled when it was determined that Seckel and Edwards had allowed the design to fall into public domain.
In 1984, Seckel started the Southern California Skeptics (SCS) and became a spokesperson for science and its relationship to the paranormal. SCS co-sponsored and produced a monthly series of lectures, primarily held at the California Institute of Technology, with other meetings occasionally held on the campus of Cal State Fullerton, that explained alleged paranormal phenomena such as extra-sensory perception and firewalking. Seckel was the founder and executive director of SCS. An article published in New Scientist in 1985 states that the Southern California Skeptics were "the fastest growing chapter of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP)". Author George P. Hansen, in an article published in 1992, stated that incidents involving Seckel had embarrassed CSICOP because "he did not hold the academic credentials he claimed."
The Southern California Skeptics dissolved after the late 1980s. In 1991, Michael Shermer and Pat Linse co-founded a new Los Angeles-area skeptical group called The Skeptics Society after the Southern California Skeptics had disbanded.
Visual illusions
Seckel was "a leading collector and popularizer" of optical illusions.
In 1994, he created an interactive website on illusions. He also developed visual illusion installations for museums.
Seckel's books about optical illusions include several picture books for children such as Ambiguous Illusions (2005), Action Optical Illusions (2005) and Stereo Optical Illusions (2006).
His book, Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali, and the Artists of Optical Illusion (2004), collects the work of many visual illusion artists, including among others Giuseppe Arcimboldo (1527–1593), Salvador Dalí (1904–1989), M. C. Escher (1898–1972), and Rex Whistler (1905–1944). His book The Art of Optical Illusions placed first on the American Library Association's "Top 10 Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers" list for 2001.
He gave many lectures about such illusions, including an early TED talk (2004) and a talk at the World Economic Forum, Davos in 2011.
Other activities
Rare book investment and sales
During the late 1990s, Seckel collected the papers of a number of early molecular biologists (including Rosalind Franklin, Aaron Klug, Max Perutz, Rollin Hotchkiss, and Sven Furberg) for rare-book dealer Jeremy Norman. At the time they were collected, the market value of the archive was unknown as many institutions did not have an interest in keeping the archives of scientists. After the Wellcome Trust purchased the papers of Francis Crick in 2001 for $2.4 million, Norman pursued individual sale of the items in his collection through Christie's. A lawsuit prevented the individual sale of the items by Norman. Seckel and Norman had a falling out. According to Seckel, the sale was canceled due to his extensive documentation that was brought to the attention of Christie's. Although former colleagues and associates of James Watson and Crick attempted to raise the asking price of $3.2 million in an effort to have the collection donated to the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, the collection was eventually acquired by molecular biologist J. Craig Venter, with the stated aim of keeping the critical resource available to scholars by housing it at the J. Craig Venter Institute.
Lawsuits and disputes
Seckel was sued on several occasions after disputes over rare-book investment and sales.
In a San Diego Reader article from 1994, Tom McIver (author of Anti-Evolution: An Annotated Bibliography) accused Seckel of failing to disclose financial information as leader of the Southern California Skeptics and misrepresenting his academic credentials. Seckel later sued McIver for libel over edits to his Misplaced Pages page. The suit was settled in 2007 under undisclosed terms.
A 2015 profile of Seckel in Tablet Magazine by Mark Oppenheimer detailed several first-person accounts from individuals who reported that Seckel still owed them money including the widow of one of his mentors, his lawyer, a graduate student, and those who had engaged in rare book deals. The article stated that there were at least 25 cases involving Seckel from 1992 to 2015 in the Los Angeles Superior Court database. Oppenheimer reported that Seckel cultivated a false image, both with personal contacts and within the media, of himself as a graduate from Cornell with degrees in physics and math, as an affiliate of and candidate for doctoral degrees at Caltech, and as a scientist conducting research in conjunction with colleagues at Harvard University. Some of these inaccuracies were published in media coverage of Seckel, including in the Los Angeles Times in 1985 and 1987.
Seckel was later accused of absconding with over $500,000.
Collaboration with Jeffrey Epstein
In 2009, Seckel was involved in organizing a science conference with financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. The Mindshift conference took place in early 2011 on Epstein's private island Little Saint James. In attendance were scientists Murray Gell-Mann, Leonard Mlodinow, Gerald Sussman, and Frances Arnold, in addition to the actor and cryptocurrency proponent Brock Pierce.
An interview between Jeffrey Epstein and Al Seckel discussing perception appeared on Epstein's science website on October 17, 2010.
Personal life
Seckel married Laura Mullen in 1980; their daughter Elizabeth was born in 1987. Mullen and Seckel later divorced. His second marriage was to Denice D. Lewis in 2004 in Las Vegas, Nevada: it was never annulled. Seckel married for a third time to Alice Klarke; the union was dissolved in 2007. Seckel became involved with Isabel Maxwell from 2007 until his death in France in 2015.
From approximately 2010 until 2015, Seckel lived in France. Seckel's body was reportedly found at the bottom of a cliff in July 2015 in France. As of September 2021, his death remained unconfirmed by French authorities.
Bibliography
- Science and the Paranormal. SCS Publishing (1987)
- Bertrand Russell on God and Religion. (Seckel, editor), Prometheus Books (1986) ISBN 0-87975-323-4
- Bertrand Russell on Sex, Marriage, and Morals. (Seckel, editor), Prometheus Books (1987) ISBN 0-87975-400-1
- The Art of Optical Illusions. Carlton Books (2000) ISBN 1-84222-054-3
- Great Book of Optical Illusions. Firefly Books (2004) ISBN 1-55297-650-5
- Masters of Deception: Escher, Dali, and the Artists of Optical Illusion. Sterling Books (2004) ISBN 1-4027-0577-8
- Incredible Visual Illusions. (with Rebecca Panayiotou and Tessa Rose, editors), Arcturus Books (2005) ISBN 1-84193-197-7
- Action Optical Illusions. Sterling Books (2005) ISBN 1-4027-1828-4
- Impossible Optical Illusions. Sterling Books (2005) ISBN 1-4027-1830-6
- Stereo Optical Illusions. Sterling Books (2006) ISBN 1-4027-1833-0
- Optical Illusions: The Science of Visual Perception. Firefly Books (2006) ISBN 1-55407-172-0
References
- ^ Read, Bridget (August 21, 2019), "The Epstein Case: Ghislaine Maxwell's Twin Sisters Have Their Own Wild Stories", New York Magazine: The Cut, archived from the original on July 9, 2020, retrieved November 5, 2020
- ^ Stewart, Doug (November 1986). "Wheels go round and round, but always run down". Smithsonian. 17: 193+ – via Gale General OneFile.
- Armstrong, Stephen (December 30, 2021). "The stranger-than-fiction history of the Maxwell madhouse". The Telegraph. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
. . . Epstein's Mindshift conference – a TED Talk rival co-founded with Al Seckel. As befits a suitor for arguably the strangest family in the world, Seckel socialised with the likes of Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman, Elon Musk and Dudley Moore, and convinced many people that he was a cognitive neuroscientist with ties to Cal Tech. In fact, he was a top-notch charlatan who had failed to graduate from college – but he delighted in delivering TED Talks and publishing books on the science of visual illusions.
- ^ Oppenheimer, Mark (July 20, 2015). "The Illusionist". Tablet (magazine). Retrieved March 11, 2019.
- ^ Lubman, Sarah (December 21, 1995). "Which came first? Copyright battle brewing over evolution of Darwin fish". The Free Lance-Star. Knight-Ridder News Service. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
- Berta Delgado (March 15, 1998). "Filleting their foes through a fish". The Record (Bergen County, NJ). p. L05. (originally published in the Dallas Morning News)
- Rheinhold, Robert (April 8, 1988). "Winning the West from Nostradamus". The New York Times. p. A14. Retrieved July 3, 2020. Note: This article inaccurately states that Seckel was a physicist.
- CSICOP in China, The Skeptical Inquirer, vol. 12 no. 4, Summer, 1988; p. 346.
- ^ Baker, Bob (April 21, 1985). "A Skeptical View: Doubting Academics Waging a Flamboyant Battle to Debunk Society's Fascination With Popular Theories". Los Angeles Times. p. A3. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- ^ Newton, Edmund (January 4, 1987). "No Doubt About It--The Skeptics Put On Good Show". Los Angeles Times. p. 1. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- "Feedback in Los Angeles". New Scientist. Vol. 106, no. 1459. Reed Business Information. June 6, 1985. p. 28. ISSN 0262-4079. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
- Hansen, George P. (January 1992). "CSICOP and the Skeptics: An Overview". The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research. 86: 39. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
Incidents involving Al Seckel have also proved embarrassing for CSICOP. Seckel was an official and active member of the Committee and a founder of the Southern California Skeptics. After years of high profile activity, it was discovered that he did not hold the academic credentials he claimed. Ironically, the Committee had previously prided itself on exposing hoaxers and con artists, but CSICOP has made no public comment on the Seckel affair.
- Ibold, Hans (November 13, 2000). "L.A.'s Own Ghostbuster". Los Angeles Business Journal. 22 (46).
Pat Linse, co-founder of the Skeptic Society in Pasadena.
- Loxton, Daniel (November 2009). "The Paradoxical Future of Skepticism". Skeptical Inquirer. 33 (6). Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal.
- Shermer, Michael (June 22, 2021). "All Our Yesterdays: A Remembrance of Pat Linse". Skeptic (Altadena, CA). 26 (3): 64–71.
- Smith, Scott S. (April 2000). "Schism in the Church of the Left Brain" (PDF). Fate. pp. 36–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
- Shermer, Michael (June 2000). "Letter in response to Schism in the Church of the Left Brain" (PDF). Fate. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
- Voss, David. "Seeing is believing." Science. (1997) Vol. 275, p. 792.
- O'Connell, Pamela Licalzi (April 16, 1998). "Screen Grab; See the Spiral Spin, See Your Skin Crawl!". New York Times. p. G10. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
- Kaiser, Jocelyn (1998). "Eye twisters". Science. 280: 1163. doi:10.1126/science.280.5367.1163c. S2CID 220089708 – via Gale Academic OneFile.
Al Seckel, vice president of a company called IllusionWorks LLC that produces exhibits for museums
- "YALSA announces Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers" (January 2001). American Library Association Press Release.
- ^ Zinder, Norton; Roberts, Richard J. (January 28, 2005). "Preserving an important collection". Science. 307 (5709): 519. doi:10.1126/science.307.5709.519a. PMID 15681368. S2CID 30534232 – via Gale Academic OneFile.
- Dalton, Rex (June 14, 2001). "The History Man". Nature. Nature Publishing Group.
- ^ Nicholas Wade (August 10, 2005). "Picassos? Warhols? No, This Multimillion-Dollar Collection Stars the Science of DNA". The New York Times. p. A1.
After the Crick papers passed out of reach, Mr. Norman decided to put the collection up for auction at Christie's. According to an article in Nature in 2003, Mr. Seckel objected to the sale, saying he had promised the sellers that their collections of papers would not be broken up, and said he would go to court if necessary to block the proceedings.
- Pincock, Stephen (2005). "Venter buys history". The Scientist. 19: 12 – via Gale Academic OneFile.
- Dalton, Rex (March 13, 2003). "Auction of DNA archive cancelled". Nature. 422 (6928): 102. Bibcode:2003Natur.422..102D. doi:10.1038/422102b. PMID 12634743. S2CID 52817212 – via Gale Academic OneFile.
- ^ Patterson, James; Connolly, John; Malloy, Tim (2016). Filthy Rich. New York: Little Brown and Company. pp. 233–236. ISBN 9780316274050.
- McIver, Tom (November 3, 1994). "Evolution debate on full display – Creation Museum in Santee, A little bit east of Eden". San Diego Reader. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
- Cawthorne, Nigel (December 10, 2021). "Ghislaine Maxwell's former famous friends are conspicuously absent - but her family has rallied". inews.co.uk. Retrieved April 17, 2022.
- ^ Masters, Kim (September 18, 2019). "The Strange Saga of Jeffrey Epstein's Link to a Child Star Turned Cryptocurrency Mogul". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 10, 2020.
- ^ Edwards, Bradley J. (2020). Relentless Pursuit: My Fight for the Victims of Jeffrey Epstein. Simon and Schuster. pp. 160–163. ISBN 9781982148133.
- "Jeffrey Epstein Talks Perception with Al Seckel". Jeffrey Epstein Science. October 17, 2010. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
- ^ Kennedy, Dana (August 18, 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein 'Friend' Ghislaine Maxwell Has More Skeletons in Her Family Closet Than a House of Horrors". The Daily Beast. Retrieved May 27, 2021.