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{{short description|American political family}}
{{Other uses|Kennedy)}}
{{about|the U.S. political family|the fictional family|Kennedy family (Neighbours){{!}}Kennedy family (''Neighbours'')}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{redirect|Kennedys|the law firm|Kennedys Law|other people named "Kennedy"|Kennedy (surname)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox family {{Infobox family
| name=The Kennedy family | name = Kennedy family
| native_name = ''Ó Cinnéide''
| image =
| native_name_lang = ]
| crest = ]
| type = ] ]
| caption = The Kennedy family at the ] in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts (September 4, 1931). Seated left to right: ], ], ], ] (on lap of) ], ] (behind) ], ], ] (behind) ]. ] had not been born yet. The dog in foreground is "Buddy".
| coat_of_arms = Coat of Arms of John F. Kennedy.svg
| ethnicity = ]
| coat_of_arms_caption = Between two olive branches a cubit sinister arm in armor erect, the hand holding a sheaf of four arrows, points upward, all proper
| region = ]
| image = {{multiple image
| early_forms =
|align=center
| religion = ]
|direction=horizontal
| origin = United States
|image1=PJ Kennedy (cropped)(b).jpg
| members = ]
|width1=79
| connectedmembers = {{plainlist |
* ] |caption1=]
|image2=Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. 1938 (cropped) (b).jpg
* ]
|width2=89
* ]
|caption2=]
* ]
|image3=John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait (3x4) (cropped).jpg
* ]
|width3=88
* ]
|caption3=]
* ]
}}
* ]
* ] | parent_family = ]
| country = Dunganstown, ], ], Ireland<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/27/newsid_4461000/4461115.stm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803125829/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/27/newsid_4461000/4461115.stm | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 3, 2016 | title=1963: Warm welcome for JFK in Ireland | date=June 27, 1963 | work=BBC News | access-date=January 4, 2021 }}</ref>
* ]
| region = ]
* ]
| founded = {{unbulleted list|Arrival in the United States<br/>1849, ]|{{Time ago|1849}}}}
* ]
| founder = Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858)
* ]
| current_head =
| titles = {{Collapsible list
| ]
| ]
| ] (to ], ], ], ], ], and ])
| ]
| ] (], ])
| ] (], ])
| ]
| ] ''(Presumptive)''
| ]
| ] (], ])
| ] (], ])
| ] (])
| ]
| ]
}}
| estate = {{Collapsible list
| ] (Brookline, Massachusetts)
| ] (Hyannis Port, Massachusetts)
| ] (McLean, Virginia)
| ] (Palm Beach, Florida)
| ] (Marshall, Virginia)
}} }}
| otherfamilies = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ],
| distinctions =
| traditions =
| religion = Roman Catholicism
| heirlooms =
| estate =]
| meaning =
| footnotes =
}} }}


The '''Kennedy family''' ({{langx|ga|Ó Cinnéide}}) is an American ] that has long been prominent in ], public service, entertainment, and business. In 1884, 35 years after the family's arrival from ], Ireland, ] became the first Kennedy elected to public office, serving in the ] until 1895. At least one Kennedy family member served in federal elective office from 1947, when P. J. Kennedy's grandson ] became a member of Congress from ], until 2011, when ] (John's nephew) retired as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from ].<ref name="bg021310">{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/rhode_island/articles/2010/02/13/pondering_a_congress_without_kennedys/|title=Pondering a Congress without Kennedys|last=Levenson|first=Michael|date=February 13, 2010|newspaper=]}}</ref>
In the United States, the '''Kennedy family''' commonly refers to the family descending from the marriage of the ] ] and ] that was prominent in ] and government. Their political involvement has revolved around the ]. ] educations have been common among them, and they have contributed heavily to that university's ]. The wealth, glamor, and photogenic quality of the family members, as well as their extensive and continuing involvement in public service, has elevated them to ] status over the past half-century, with the Kennedys sometimes referred to as 'America's Royal Family'.


P. J.'s son ] and his wife, ], had nine children, including John F. Kennedy, who served in both houses of the ] and as ]; ], who served as ] and as a ]; and ], who served more than 46 years in the U.S. Senate. Other descendants include members of the ], two U.S. ambassadors, one U.S. envoy, a ], three state legislators (one of whom also served in the U.S. House of Representatives), and one mayor.
] was the first born of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. On him, Joe, Sr. pinned his hopes that his son would enter politics and be elected president. After Joe, Jr. was killed in ], those hopes then fell on his second eldest son ], to become president. Soon after Jack was elected President in November 1960, he and his younger brothers, ] and ], all held prominent positions in the federal government. They received intense publicity, often emphasizing their relative youth, allure, education, and future in politics. From 1947, when Jack became a member of Congress, to 2011, when ] departed Congress, there were 64 years with a Kennedy in elective office in ] (excluding a short gap of less than a month in between Jack resigning his Senate seat prior to his inauguration as President).<ref name="bg021310">{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/rhode_island/articles/2010/02/13/pondering_a_congress_without_kennedys/ |title=Pondering a Congress without Kennedys |first=Michael |last=Levenson |newspaper=] |date=February 13, 2010 |accessdate=March 28, 2010}}</ref> This spans more than a quarter of the nation's existence.<ref name="bg021310"/> There was only a brief hiatus following ]'s retirement from Congress in 2011, and the 2013 swearing in of ].


Joseph and Rose's daughter ] played a vital role in establishing the ] (part of the ]) and the ]. Other descendants of Joseph and Rose Kennedy have been lawyers, authors, and activists on behalf of those with physical and intellectual disabilities.
The family has suffered numerous tragedies, contributing to the idea of "]". ] suffered a failed ], ] and ] were both assassinated, ] was involved in the ], and four family members were in airplane crashes: ], ], Ted, and ]. All of these plane crashes were fatal except for Ted's.


==Family members== ==History==
According to genealogist Brian Kennedy in his work ''JFK's Irish O'Kennedy Ancestors'', the Kennedys—who would go on to play a significant role in the United States of America—originated from an Irish clan called Ó Cinnéide Fionn (which, along with the Ó Cinnéide Donn and Ó Cinnéide Ruadh, were the three Irish Gaelic ] clans who ruled the ]). In 1546, their progenitor Diarmaid Ó Cinnéide Fionn became the owner of Knigh Castle, located close to what is today ], ]. In 1740, having lost out to the ] order in the ], they moved to Dunganstown, ], ]. Patrick Kennedy was born there.
===Irish ancestors===
* '''James Kennedy, Sr.''' (1770–1835) was born in Dunganstown<ref name=jfk-ancestors>{{cite web |url=http://www.pasthomes.com/info/jfk.php |title=John F. Kennedy's Ancestors |publisher=Irish Townland Maps |accessdate=Retrieved December 21, 2011}}</ref> (Whitechurch, ], ]) in south-eastern Ireland, to '''''John Kennedy I''''' (1738–1803) and '''''Bridget Shallow''''' (1744–1774).<ref name="touringireland.net">{{cite web |url=http://www.touringireland.net/kennedy_homestead.htm |title=Kennedy Homestead |publisher=Warren Farm Guest Cottages}}</ref> He inherited a small farm from his father during the ] times in Ireland. James, Sr. and his wife '''Maria''' (c. 1779 – February 16, 1835) had four children:
*# '''Mary Kennedy''', who married '''James Molloy'''<ref name="touringireland.net"/>
*# '''John Kennedy II''' (1804–1864), who married '''Mary K. Gunnip''' (1816–1881) and was a local farmer<ref name="touringireland.net"/>
*# '''James Kennedy, Jr.''' (1816–1881), who married '''Catherine Colfer''' and was also a local farmer<ref name="touringireland.net"/>
*# ''']''' (1823–1858), who married '''Bridget Murphy''' (1824–1888), daughter of Philip Murphy and Mary Barron.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=VNPnt9rL-0MC&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=philip+murphy+mary+barron&source=bl&ots=uoNCU_bWJg&sig=8FwzxpSOU9wvbi_xif83ki-kVTU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XLN1UefqOtj94AOi_IDIBA&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=philip%20murphy%20mary%20barron&f=false</ref> Patrick and Bridget and had five children.


Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) and Bridget Murphy (1824–1888) sailed from Ireland to ] in 1849. Patrick worked in East Boston as a barrel maker, or cooper,<ref name="Maier2003">{{cite book |title=The Kennedys: America's Emerald Kings |first=Thomas |last=Maier |publisher=Basic Books |year=2003 |page={{page needed|date=April 2015}} |isbn=978-0-465-04317-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/kennedysamericas00maie_0 }}</ref> and had five children with Bridget. Their youngest, ], went into business and served in the ] from 1884 to 1895.
===First generation===
*''']''' (1823 in Dunganstown – 1858 in ]) and '''Bridget Murphy''' (1824 in Dunganstown – 1888 in Boston) had five children:
*#'''Mary L. Kennedy''' (1851–1926), married '''Lawrence M. Kane''', son of Philip Kane and Margaret Murphy <ref>http://thepeerage.com/p6529.htm#i65281</ref>. Lawrence and Mary had five children.
*#'''Joanna L. Kennedy''' (1852–1926), married '''Humphrey Charles Mahoney''', had eight children. <ref>http://thepeerage.com/p6529.htm#i65289</ref>
*#'''John Kennedy III''' (1854–1855)
*#'''Margaret M. Kennedy''' (1855–1929), married '''John Thomas Caulfield''', had eight children. <ref>http://thepeerage.com/p6531.htm#i65301</ref>
*#''']''' (1858–1929), the first family patriarch, a first-generation Irish-American who married '''Mary Augusta Hickey''' (1857–1923), daughter of James Hickey and Margaret M. Field. <ref>http://ksjs1.sjsu.edu/ta141/spring2006/aguond/extra_credit1/Trenholm/storage/Reunion%208/Reunion%208%20Manual/Samples/FGSSample/FG01/FG01_025.HTM</ref> P. J. and Mary had four children. P. J. Kennedy was a politician involved in the local Democratic Party.


P. J. and his wife, Mary Augusta Hickey, had four children. Their oldest was ],<ref> The JFK Library, accessed February 10, 2016</ref> a businessman who amassed a private fortune in banking and securities trading, which he further expanded by investing in filmmaking and real estate. He also founded Somerset Importers and owned Chicago's ].
===Second generation===
*'''Mary L. Kennedy''' and '''Lawrence M. Kane''' had five children:
:# '''Joseph Lawrence Kane''' (November 29, 1883 — 19 March 19, 1967)
:# '''Mary Margaret Kane''' (August 25, 1885 — September 14, 1885)
:# '''George Philip Kane''' (September 8, 1888 — July 6, 1954)
:# '''Gertrude Margaret Kane''' (May 26, 1890 — Jan 14, 1969)
:# '''Frederick Kane''' (1892 — October 15, 1897)


In 1914, Joseph Sr. married ],<ref name="time.com">{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/3462557/kennedy-wedding/|title=The Wedding That Changed American History|magazine=Time|date=October 7, 2014 |last=Graham |first=James}}</ref> the eldest daughter of ], who served six years as ] and six years as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boston.com/news/history/2017/05/17/meet-honey-fitz-the-pixielike-mayor-of-boston-and-jfks-grandfather |title=Meet Honey Fitz: The 'pixie like' mayor of Boston (and JFK's grandfather) |date=May 17, 2017 |work=Boston.com |last=DeCosta-Klipa |first=Nik}}</ref> The couple had nine children: ] (1915–1944), ] (called Jack) (1917–1963), ] (called Rosemary) (1918–2005), ] (called Kick) (1920–1948), ] (1921–2009), ] (1924–2006), ] (called Bobby) (1925–1968), ] (1928–2020) and ] (called Ted) (1932–2009).
*'''Johanna L. Kennedy''' and '''Humphrey Charles Mahoney''' had eight children:
:# '''Daniel Mahoney''' (October 14, 1873 — November 20, 1875)
:# '''Mary E. Mahoney''' (October 18, 1875 — December 7, 1875)
:# '''William Henry Mahoney''' (May 17, 1878 — May 10, 1879)
:# '''Frances Josephine Mahoney''' (March 2, 1880 — April 13, 1963)
:# '''Annie Mahoney''' (February 13, 1883 — May 7, 1889)
:# '''Henry Joseph Mahoney''' (October 15, 1884 — February 3, 1961)
:# '''Gertrude Mahoney''' (October 7, 1886 — July 27, 1887)
:# '''Frederick Louis Mahoney''' (August 21, 1890 — October 26, 1965)


Joseph Sr. was appointed by President ] as the first chairman of the ] (SEC), chairman of the ], and ] from 1938 to 1940. He served from 1947 to 1949 on The Hoover Commission (the "Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government"), which was appointed by ] ] to recommend administrative changes in the federal government. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy was named ] by ] in 1951 in recognition of her "exemplary motherhood and many charitable works."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/The-Kennedy-Family/Rose-Fitzgerald-Kennedy.aspx |title = Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy &#124; JFK Library}}</ref>
*'''Margaret M. Kennedy''' and '''John Thomas Caulfield''' had eight children:
:# '''Mary Frances Caulfield''' (February 8, 1884 — June 14, 1938), married '''Alexander G. Crawford'''
:# '''Frederick Caulfield''' (June 20, 1886 — ?)
:# '''Edith M. Caulfield''' (April 8, 1888 — April 6, 1943)
:# '''Henry R. Caulfield''' (May 1889 — April 27, 1925)
:# '''Florence J. Caulfield''' (November 19, 1891 — August 10, 1892)
:# '''Elsie G. Caulfield''' (October 1894 — February 8, 1914)
:# '''Jeanette Dorothea Caulfield''' (Feb 1896 —June 1, 1953)
:# '''John Theodore Caulfield''' (June 3, 1899 — August 18 1966)


==Continued public service==
*''']''' (1858–1929) and '''Mary Augusta Hickey''' (1857–1923) had four children:
] and ] with their children at the ] in 1931.]]
:# ''']''' (1888–1969) married in 1914 ''']''' (1890–1995), daughter of ] and ]. Joe, Sr. served as the first chairman of the ] and as the ] in the years leading up to ].
Every Kennedy elected to public office has served as a ], while other members of the family have worked for the party or held ] posts in Democratic administrations. Many have attended ], and the family has contributed greatly to that university's ].
:# '''Francis Benedict Kennedy''' (1891–1892)
:# ''']''' (1892–1972) married '''George William Connelly''' (1898–1971), son of Michael John Connelly and Margaret Elizabeth Driscoll. <ref>http://www.thepeerage.com/p6532.htm</ref>
:# '''Margaret Louise Kennedy''' (1898–1974) married '''Charles Joseph Burke, Sr.''' (1899–1967), son of Thomas Francis Burke and Alicia Augusta Mann. <ref>http://www.thepeerage.com/p6534.htm</ref>


Joseph Sr. expected his eldest son, Joseph Jr., to go into politics and to ultimately be elected president. Joseph Jr. was elected as a Massachusetts ] to the ] and enlisted in the ] after the United States entered ]. He was killed in 1944 when the bomber he was piloting exploded in flight. Joseph Sr.'s desire to see the family involved in politics and government then focused on John, who had considered a career as a journalist, having authored a book ('']'') and done some reporting for ]. After returning from Navy service, John served in the ] representing ] from 1947 to 1953, and then as ] from 1953 to 1960. In the ], John narrowly defeated ] opponent ].
===Third generation===
*''']''' (1888–1969) and ''']''' (1890–1995) had nine children:
*# ''']''' (1915–1944). Known as "Joe, Jr." He had been expected to become the family's political standard-bearer. He was killed in action during World War II on August 12, 1944 when taking part in ] as a pilot of a modified ] drone bomber which accidentally exploded and crashed over ] in Suffolk, England. For this act, he was ] awarded the ]. His body was never recovered. Joe, Jr. never married or had any children, but was once engaged to ].
*# ] ''']''' (1917–1963). Known to his family as "Jack" and sometimes referred to as "JFK", he was a ] (1947–1953), a U.S. Senator (1953–1960) and the 35th U.S. President (1961–1963). In 1953, he married ''']''' (1929–1994), daughter of ] and ]. Jack and Jackie had four children. He was ] on November 22, 1963 while riding in a presidential motorcade in ].
*# ''']''' (1918–2005). Known as "Rosemary" or "Rosie", she was rendered incapable of intelligible speech or caring for herself after a failed lobotomy at age 23 – a new ] technique of the time and requested by her father – that was intended to cure her increasing ]s and make her more manageable. The operation instead reduced her to an infantile state. From 1949, she lived in a ] facility in ] until her death. Rosemary never married or had any children.
*# ''']''' (1920–1948). In 1944 she married a Protestant, ''']''' (1917–1944), son of ] and ]. Rose highly disapproved of Kick's marriage. After being widowed when Billy was killed in action during World War II, Kick was killed in an airplane crash in France on May 13, 1948 along with her alleged lover, ''']''' (1910–1948). Kick never had any children.
*# ''']''' (1921–2009). She was a co-founder of the ] in 1968, an organization she began in honor of her sister Rosemary. In 1953, she married ''']''' (1915–2011), son of Robert Sargent Shriver, Sr. and Hilda Shriver. Sarge was later the ] in the late 1960s-early 1970s and a ]; Eunice and Sarge had five children.
*# ''']''' (1924–2006). Married actor ''']''' (1923–1984), son of ] and May Sommerville Bunny, in 1954. Pat and Peter had four children before divorcing in 1966.
*# ], ] and ], July 1960.]] ''']''' (1925–1968). Known as "Bobby" or "RFK", he was ] (1961–1964) in his brother John's administration and later served as the junior U.S. Senator from New York (1965-his death). In 1950, he married ''']''' (born 1928), daughter of ] and Ann Brannack. Bobby and Ethel had 11 children. He was ] in Los Angeles, California during his ].
*# ''']''' (born 1928). In 1956, she married ''']''' (1927–1990) and they had two sons. She later served as the ] (1993–1998).
*# ''']''' (1932–2009). Known as "Teddy" or "Ted", he served as a U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1962–2009). In 1958, he married ''']''' (born 1936), daughter of Henry Wiggin Bennett, Jr. and Virginia Joan Stead. Ted and Joan had three children before they divorcing 1982. In 1992, Ted married ''']''' (born 1954), daughter of ] and Doris Ann Boustany. On May 20, 2008, it was announced that he had a malignant brain tumor. In the next year, brain cancer severely limited his U.S. Senate appearances. Ted died on August 25, 2009. Ted and Vicki had no children together.


During ], Robert served as ], their brother-in-law ] served as director of the new ], and Ted ] until his death in 2009. The Kennedy administration's accomplishments include the ] with Latin America, the establishment of the Peace Corps, a peaceful resolution to the ] in October 1962, the ] of 1963, the ] ending the ], the continuation of the ] with the goal of ], and the introduction of the ] to Congress (signed into law by Kennedy's successor ]).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/john-f-kennedy/| title = www.whitehouse.gov}}</ref> The family was the subject of intense media coverage during and after Kennedy's presidency.
*''']''' (1892–1972) and '''George William Connelly''' (1898–1971) had one daughter:
*# '''Mary Louise Connelly''' (born 1928). She married '''Matthew James McCarthy''' (born 1926).


Ted served in the Senate with his brother Robert (1965–1968), and was serving in the Senate when his nephew, ], and his son, ], served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing ] (1987–1999) and ] (1995–2011), respectively. In November 2012, ], son of former Rep. Joseph P. Kennedy II and grandson of the late Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from ]. In 2020, Joseph P. III lost the ] to incumbent ], the first Kennedy to ever lose an election in the state.<ref name="jkiii-loses-primary">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/01/us/politics/ed-markey-kennedy.html|title=Markey Holds Off Joseph Kennedy in Massachusetts Senate Race|quote=The result was the first loss by a Kennedy in a Massachusetts election…|date=September 1, 2020|first=Jonathan|last=Martin|newspaper=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fast Facts about Robert F. Kennedy|url=https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/the-kennedy-family/robert-f-kennedy/fast-facts-robert-f-kennedy|access-date=September 4, 2020|agency=John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum}} ] was not on the ballot in Massachusetts in the ] and finished second to ] as a write-in candidate.</ref>
*'''Margaret Louise Kennedy''' (1898–1974) and '''Charles Joseph Burke, Sr.''' (1899–1967) had three children:
*# '''Margaret Louise Burke''' (born April 2, 1926). She married '''John Bernard Devine''' (born 1920)
*# '''Charles Joseph Burke, Jr.''' (born May 5, 1928). He first married Ellen Therea Kelly, daughter of Oliver G. Kelley. Charles, Jr. and Ellen had one daughter, Terry. Charles, Jr. secondly married '''Claire Coliton''' (born November 11, 1935) on February 4, 1976 <ref>http://www.thepeerage.com/p6533.htm#i65325</ref>
*# '''Thomas Francis Burke II''' (born May 25, 1933). He married '''Gertrude Ann Miller''' (born October 10, 1936) on June 18, 1960


In the 2020s, three Kennedy family members were serving as U.S. ambassadors or envoys. ], second wife of Ted Kennedy, was named in 2021 by President ] as ].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Thanikachalam|first=Neya|title=Senate confirms Victoria Kennedy to be ambassador to Austria|newspaper=The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/10/27/nation/senate-confirms-victoria-kennedy-be-ambassador-austria/ |access-date=January 1, 2023 }}</ref> ], daughter of President Kennedy, was named in 2022 by President Biden as ]; she previously served as ] under President ]. In the same year, Joseph P. Kennedy III was named by President Biden as ].
===Fourth generation===
* ''']''' (1917–1963) and ''']''' had four children, including one stillborn daughter:
*# '''Arabella Kennedy''' (1956–1956) – ].<ref name="Spoto">{{cite book |title=Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis: A Life |first=Donald |last=Spoto |publisher=Macmillan |year=2000 |isbn=0-312-97707-7 |page=136}}</ref>
*# ''']''' (born 1957) – a lawyer, a co-founder of the ]<!--"Profile" is singular-->, the president of the ] and the chairwoman of the ]. Married ''']''', son of Alfred and Mae Schlossberg. Caroline and Edwin have three children.
*# ''']''' (1960–1999) – a lawyer, magazine publisher, and socialite. He married ''']''' (1966–1999) on September 21, 1996, daughter of William J. Bessette and Ann Messina Freeman. On July 16, 1999, ] along with Carolyn and her sister, Lauren Bessette (1964–1999). John-John and Carolyn never had any children.
*# ''']''' (1963–1963) – died from ] two days after his birth.


] ran for president in the ].<ref name="The Gavel">{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Sophia |title=Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Announces 2024 Presidential Candidacy Against Biden |url=https://bcgavel.com/2023/05/03/robert-f-kennedy-jr-announces-2024-presidential-candidacy-against-biden/ |website=the Gavel |date=May 3, 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref> He originally ran as a Democrat, but changed his party affiliation to Independent in October 2023. Robert Jr.'s campaign drew controversy among other family members, who publicly spoke out against him mainly due to his anti-vaccine views, instead endorsing President ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Kelly |last2=Lebowitz |first2=Megan |last3=Richards |first3=Zoë |date=2024-04-18 |title=Kennedy family members endorse Biden over RFK Jr. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/kennedy-family-members-endorse-biden-rfk-jr-rcna148303 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> In August 2024, two months before the election, Robert Jr. dropped out and endorsed ] ], who went on to win the election. On November 14, 2024, Trump nominated him to be ] for his ], pending Senate approval.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGraw |first=Meridith |last2=Cirruzzo |first2=Chelsea |date=November 14, 2024 |title=Trump expected to select Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to lead HHS |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2024/11/14/robert-f-kennedy-jr-trump-hhs-secretary-pick-00188617 |website=Politico}}</ref>
* ''']''' and ''']''' had five children:
*# ''']''' (born 1954) – an attorney and the president of RSS Inc., a ] music, film and philanthropic company; a ] city councilman and Mayor. Married '''Malissa Feruzzi'''; has one daughter.
*# ''']''' (born 1955) – a former ]; ex-wife of ] ] ''']''' (born 1946); Maria and Arnold had four children.
*# ''']''' (born 1959) – former ] educator, since 1997 the chairman of the ]. Married '''Linda Sophia Potter'''; has five children.
*# ''']''' (born 1964) – a former delegate in the ] currently Vice President and Managing Director of US Programs for the charity Save the Children. Married '''Jeanne Eileen "Jeannie" Ripp'''; has three children.
*# ''']''' (born 1965) – an activist for ] who founded ]. Married '''Alina Mojica'''; has four children.


==Family tree==
* ''']''' and ''']''' had four children:
{{Tree list}}
*# ''']''' (born 1955) – a professional actor. Divorced from '''Jean Edith "Jeannie" Olsson'''; has three children.
* {{Tree list/final branch}} ] (1858–1929), married Mary Augusta Hickey
*# '''Sydney Maleia Kennedy Lawford''' (born 1956) – married to '''James Peter McKelvy, Sr.'''; has four sons. Her godmother was ]
**] (1888-1969), married ]
*# '''Victoria Francis Lawford''' (born 1958) – married to '''Robert Beebe Pender, Jr.'''; has three daughters.
***] (1915-1944)
*# '''Robin Elizabeth Lawford''' (born 1961) – an environmentalist and ]. Robin has never married or had any children.
***] (1917-1963) married ]
****Arabella Kennedy (1956, stillborn)
**** ] (born 1957) married ]
***** ] (born 1988) married Rory McAuliffe
***** ] (born 1990) married George Moran
****** Edwin Garrett Moran (born 2022)
***** ] (born 1993)
**** ] (1960-1999) married ]
**** ] (1963, died in infancy)
***] (1918-2005)
***] (1920-1948) married ]
***] (1921-2009) married ]
**** ] (born 1954) married Malissa Feruzzi and had 1 daughter
**** ] (born 1955) married/divorced ]
***** ] (born 1989) married ] and had 3 children
***** Christina Schwarzenegger (born 1991)
***** ] (born 1993)
***** Christopher Schwarzenegger (born 1997)
**** ] (born 1959) married Linda Potter and had 5 children
**** ] (born 1964) married Jeanne Ripp and had 3 children
**** ] (born 1965) married/divorced Alina Mojica and had 5 children
***] (1924-2006) married/divorced ]
**** ] (1955-2018)
**** Sydney Maleia Lawford (born 1956)
**** Victoria Francis Lawford (born 1958)
**** Robin Elizabeth Lawford (born 1961)
***] (1925-1968) married ]
**** ] (born 1951) married David Townsend
***** Meaghan Anne Kennedy Townsend (born 1977)
***** ] (1979–2020) married David McKean
***** Rose Katherine "Kat" Kennedy Townsend (born 1983)
***** Kerry Sophia Kennedy Townsend (born 1991)
**** ] (born 1952) married/divorced Sheila Brewster Rauch, married Anne Elizabeth "Beth" Kelly
***** Matthew Rauch Kennedy (born 1980, of first marriage)
***** ] (born 1980, of first marriage) married Lauren Anne Birchfield
****** Eleanor Kennedy (born 2015)
****** James Kennedy (born 2017)
**** ] (born 1954) married/divorced Emily Black, married ], married ]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gurley |first1=Alex |title=All About Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s 6 Children |url=https://people.com/all-about-robert-f-kennedy-jr-kids-8576394 |website=People.com |access-date=15 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
***** Robert Francis Kennedy III (born 1984, of first marriage) married ]
****** Bobby Kennedy
****** Cassius Kennedy
***** Kathleen Alexandra “Kick” Kennedy (born 1988, of first marriage)
***** Conor Richardson Kennedy (born 1994, of second marriage)
***** Kyra LeMoyne Kennedy (born 1995, of second marriage)
***** William Finbar “Finn” Kennedy (born 1997, of second marriage)
***** Aidan Caohman Vieques Kennedy (born 2001, of second marriage)
**** David Anthony Kennedy (1955-1984)
**** Mary Courtney Kennedy (born 1956) married/divorced Robert Ruhe, married Paul Hill<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaloi |first1=Stephanie |title=Ethel Kennedy's 11 Children: All About the Late Kennedy Matriarch's Sons and Daughters |url=https://people.com/all-about-ethel-kennedy-robert-f-kennedy-children-7557923 |website=People.com |access-date=15 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*****Saoirse Roisin Hill (1997-2019, of second marriage)
**** ] (1958-1997) married Victoria Denise Gifford
***** Michael LeMoyne Kennedy Jr. (born 1983)
***** Kyle Francis Kennedy (born 1984)
***** Rory Gifford Kennedy (born 1987)
**** ] (born 1959) married/divorced ]
***** Cara Ethel Kennedy-Cuomo (born 1995)
***** Mariah Matilda Kennedy-Cuomo (born 1995)
***** Michaela Andrea Kennedy-Cuomo (born 1997)
**** ] (born 1963) married Sheila Sinclair Berner
*****Katherine Berner Kennedy (born 1990)
*****Christopher George Kennedy Jr. (born 1992) married Erin Daigle
*****Sarah Louise Kennedy (born 1994) married Jam Sulahry
*****Clare Elizabeth Kennedy (born 1998)
**** ] (born 1965) married Victoria Anne Strauss
***** ] (born 1993)
***** Caroline Summer Rose Kennedy (born 1994)
***** Noah Isabella Rose Kennedy (born 1998)
**** ] (born 1967) married Molly Stark<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tremaine |first1=Julie |title=All About Ethel Kennedy's 34 Grandchildren — and Why One Called the Late Activist His 'Hero' |url=https://people.com/all-about-ethel-kennedy-grandchildren-7558577 |website=People.com |access-date=15 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
***** Riley Elizabeth Kennedy (born 1999)
***** Mary McCauley Kennedy (born 2001)
***** Rowen Frances Kennedy (born 2004)
***** George Skakel Kennedy (born 2007)
***** Anthony Boru Kennedy (born 2012)
**** ] (born 1968) married ]
***** Georgia Elizabeth Kennedy-Bailey (born 2002)
***** Bridget Katherine Kennedy-Bailey (born 2004)
***** Zachary Corkland Kennedy-Bailey (born 2007)
***] (1928-2020) married ]
**** Stephen Edward Smith, Jr. (born 1957)
**** ] (born 1960)
**** Amanda Mary Smith (born 1967, adopted)
**** Kym Maria Smith (born 1972, adopted)
***] (1932-2009) married/divorced ], married ]
**** ] (1960-2011, of first marriage) married/divorced Michael Allen
*****Grace Elizabeth Allen (born 1994)
*****Max Greathouse Allen (born 1996)
**** ] (born 1961, of first marriage) married Katherine Anne "Kiki" Gershman
*****Kiley Elizabeth Kennedy (born 1994)
*****Edward Moore Kennedy III (born 1998)
**** ] (born 1967, of first marriage) married ]
*****Owen Patrick Kennedy (born 2012)
*****Nora Kara Kennedy (born 2013)
*****Nell Elizabeth Kennedy (born 2015)
*****Marshall Patrick Kennedy (born 2018)
**Francis Benedict Kennedy (1891-1892) (died in infancy)
**Mary Loretta Kennedy (1892-1972), married George William Connelly and had 1 daughter.
**{{Tree list/final branch}} Margaret Louise Kennedy (1898-1974), married Charles Joseph Burke and had 3 children.
{{tree list/end}}


==Businesses==
* ''']''' and ''']''' had 11 children:
*''Citizens Energy Corporation''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citizensenergy.com/|title=Non-Profit Energy Company &#124; Citizens Energy|date=January 30, 2023|website=Citizens Energy Corporation}}</ref>
*# ''']''' (born 1951) – former ], a candidate for ]. Married '''David Lee Townsend'''; has four daughters. Her second daughter Maeve Townsend had a son, Gideon McKean, on June 28, 2011, making him the first-born member of the "sixth generation" of Kennedys.
*''Columbia Trust Company'' <ref>{{cite book |last=Nasaw |first=David |author-link= |date=2012 |title=The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy |url= |location=New York City, New York |publisher=Penguin Press |page=10 |isbn=978-1-59420-376-3}}</ref>
*# ''']''' (born 1952) – former ] from Massachusetts. Runs the non-profit Citizens Energy Corp. in Boston. Joe first married in 1979 '''Sheila Brewster Rauch''' (born 1949), daughter of Rudolph Stewart Rauch and Frances Stuart Brewster. Joe and Sheila had twin sons before divorcing in 1991. Joe secondly married '''Anne Elizabeth "Beth" Kelley''' (born 1957) in 1993, and has no children with her.
*]
*# ''']''' (born 1954) – an environmentalist and political commentator, attorney and law professor at ]; best known for his many successful lawsuits to prevent water pollution, primarily in the New York area. First married '''Emily Ruth Black''' (born 1957) in 1982, daughter of Thomas Black and Helen Armstrong. Robert, Jr. and Emily had two children before divorcing in March 1994. Three weeks later in April 1994, Robert Jr. wed '''Mary Nancy Richardson''' (1959-2012). Robert, Jr. and Mary had four children before separating in 2010, though they remained legally married until Mary's death in May 2012.
*]
*# ''']''' (1955–1984) – died of a drug overdose in a ] hotel room on April 25, 1984. David never married or had any children.
*]
*# ''']''' (born 1956) – divorced from '''Jeffrey Robert Ruhe''' and legally separated from '''Paul Michael Hill'''; has one daughter with Paul.
*''Intercontinental Rubber Company''<ref>{{cite news |last=Brean |first=Henry |date=May 9, 2023 |title=U of A teams with Bridgestone to give desert rubber source a bounce |url=https://tucson.com/news/local/u-of-a-teams-with-bridgestone-to-give-desert-rubber-source-a-bounce/article_cfead634-eb87-11ed-9e30-c72e8a63ed24.html |newspaper=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=June 22, 2023}}</ref>
*# ''']''' (1958–1997) – died in an ] skiing accident on December 31, 1997. Married '''Victoria Denise Gifford''', daughter of ] and Maxine Avis Ewart. Michael and Victoria had three children.
*] (law firm)
*# ''']''' (born 1959) – human rights activist with the ''Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights''. Divorced from New York Governor ''']''', son of ] and Matilda Raffa. Kerry and Andrew had three daughters.
*''Kenoil Corporation''<ref name="auto">{{cite news |last=Jensen |first=Michael C. |date=June 12, 1977 |title=Managing the Kennedy Millions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/12/archives/managing-the-kennedy-millions-managing-the-kennedy-millions.html |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=June 22, 2023}}</ref>
*# ''']''' (born 1963) – the president of ] commercial properties based in Chicago. Married '''Sheila Sinclair Berner'''; has four children. Godmother was aunt ].
*''Marwood Group'' (healthcare-focused consulting firm) <ref>{{cite news |date=October 30, 2014 |title=Kennedy's former firm investigated by SEC|url=https://www.nhregister.com/connecticut/article/Kennedy-s-former-firm-investigated-by-SEC-11373445.php |newspaper=New Haven Register|access-date=June 22, 2023}}</ref>
*# ''']''' (born 1965) – an author and lawyer. Married '''Victoria Anne Stauss'''; has three children.
*''Mokeen Oil Company''<ref name="auto"/>
*# ''']''' (born 1967) – a journalist, news reporter for FOX News. Married '''Mary Elizabeth Stark'''; has four children.
*''Old Colony Realty Associates''<ref>{{cite news |last=Samuels |first=Regina |date=August 2, 2021 |title=How Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. Became a Billionaire And Founded a Political Dynasty That Defined The 20th Century! |url=https://politic-ed.com/2021/08/02/joseph-p-kennedy-sr-political-dynasty/ |work=Politic-Ed |access-date=June 22, 2023}}
*# ''']''' (born 1968) – an award-winning documentary filmmaker and producer. Married '''Mark Bailey'''; has three children.
</ref>
*]
*]
*''Sumner Savings Bank''<ref>{{cite book |last=Kessler |first=Ronald |author-link= |date=1996 |title=The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty he Founded|publisher=Warner Books, Inc. |page=10 |isbn=0-446-60384-8}}</ref>
*]<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=What Chris Kennedy Is Doing With the New Wolf Point Project |url=https://www.chicagomag.com/chicago-magazine/june-2013/chris-kennedys-new-wolf-point-project/ |access-date=September 30, 2024 |magazine=]}}</ref>
*]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wolf Point developers land $200 million loan for 60-story tower |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20170628/CRED03/170629845/hines-kennedys-land-200-million-loan-for-wolf-point-project |access-date=2024-11-15}}</ref>
*]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Salesforce plan completes Kennedy family's Wolf Point puzzle |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/commercial-real-estate/salesforce-plan-completes-kennedy-familys-wolf-point-puzzle |access-date=2024-11-15}}</ref>


==Philanthropy and policy institutes==
*''']''' and ''']''' had two sons:
*]
*# '''Stephen Edward Smith, Jr.''' (born 1957) – attorney, crisis counselor and real estate developer. Stephen, Jr. has never married or had children.
*]
*# ''']''' (born 1960) – a physician and activist against ]s. Married '''Anne Henry'''; has one daughter. Acquitted in 1991 of rape charges.
*]
*''Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Center for Community of Caring''<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=2011-03-25 |title=Community of Caring Names University of Utah Its New National Headquarters |url=https://archive.unews.utah.edu/news_releases/community-of-caring-names-university-of-utah-its-new-national-headquarters/ |work=UNews Archive |location=Salt Lake City, UT |access-date=2023-06-23}}</ref>
*]
*''Global Recovery Initiative''<ref>{{cite news |last1=Murray |first1=Kelly |title=Christopher Lawford, actor, author and nephew of John F. Kennedy, dies at 63 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/09/06/us/christopher-lawford-death-jfk-nephew-actor/index.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |work=CNN.com |date=6 September 2018}}</ref>
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]


==Government offices held==
*''']''' (1932–2009) and ''']''' had three children:
* ]: ], 1884–1889; ], 1889–1895.
*# ''']''' (1960–2011) – board member, television producer. Married and later divorced from '''Michael Dale Allen'''; had two children.
*# ''']''' (born 1961) – a co-founder and the president of the Marwood Group, a Wall Street investment firm. Married '''Katherine Anne "Kiki" Gershman'''; has two children. **]: Chairman of the ], 1934–1935; chairman of the ], 1936–1938; ], 1938–1940.
*# ''']''' (born 1967) – former ] from ]. Married '''Amy Savell Petitgout'''; has one son. ***]: ] from Massachusetts, 1947–1953; ] from Massachusetts, 1953–1960; ], 1961–1963.
****]: ], 2013–2017; ], 2022–present.
***]
****]: ] City Council member, 2004–2012; Mayor of Santa Monica, 2010.
****]: ], 1995–2003.
***]: ], 1961–1964; United States Senator from New York, 1965–1968.
****]: ], 1995–2003.
****]: United States Representative from Massachusetts, 1987–1999.
*****]: United States Representative from Massachusetts, 2013–2021; U.S. envoy to Northern Ireland, 2022–present
***]: ], 1993 1998
****]: Commissioner of the District of Columbia from district 2A04 , 2015-2020
***]: United States Senator from Massachusetts, 1962–2009.
****]: ], 2015–2019.
****]: ], 1989–1993; United States Representative from Rhode Island, 1995–2011.


In addition, some Kennedy spouses have served in government:
*'''Charles Joseph Burke, Jr.''' (born May 5, 1928) and '''Ellen Therea Kelley''' had one daughter:
*] (then-husband of ]): ], 1997–2001. After their divorce, he served as New York state attorney general (2007–2010) and New York governor (2011–2021).
*# '''Terry Burke'''
*] (widow of ]): ], 2022–present
*] (then-husband of ]): ], 2003–2011
*] (husband of ]): ], 1955–1960; director of the ], 1961–1966; director of the ], 1964–1968; ], 1968–1970


There was a member of the Kennedy family in public office nearly continuously from 1946, when John F. Kennedy was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, until early 2011, when Patrick J. Kennedy left the House. The only exception was the period between John F. Kennedy's resignation from the Senate on December 22, 1960, and his assumption of the office of President on January 20, 1961. In 2013, two years after Patrick Kennedy left the House, Joseph P. Kennedy III was elected U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and served until 2021. Below is a timeline of the Kennedys' tenure in the U.S. Congress.
===Fifth generation===
*''']''' (born 1957) and ''']''' (born 1945) have three children:
*# '''Rose Kennedy Schlossberg''' (born 1988)
*# '''Tatiana Celia Kennedy Schlossberg''' (born 1990)
*# '''John Bouvier Kennedy "Jack" Schlossberg''' (born 1993)
*''']''' (born 1954) and '''Malissa Feruzzi''' (born 1963) have one daughter
*# '''Rosemary Scarlett Shriver''' (born 2009)
*''']''' (born 1955) and ''']''' (born 1947) have four children:
*# ''']''' (born 1989)
*# '''Christina Maria Aurelia Schwarzenegger''' (born 1991)
*# ''']''' (born 1993)
*# '''Christopher Sargent Shriver Schwarzenegger''' (born 1997)
*''']''' (born 1959) and '''Linda Sophia Potter''' (born 1956) have five children:
*# '''Sophia Rose Potter Shriver''' (born 1987)
*# '''Timothy Potter Shriver''' (born 1988)
*# '''Samuel Kennedy Potter Shriver''' (born 1992)
*# '''Kathleen Potter Shriver''' (born 1994)
*# '''Caroline Potter Shriver''' (born 1997)
*''']''' (born 1964) and '''Jeanne Eileen "Jeannie" Ripp''' (born 1965) have three children:
*# '''Mary Elizabeth "Molly" Shriver''' (born 1998)
*# '''Thomas Kennedy "Tommy" Shriver''' (born 1999)
*# '''Emma Rose Shriver''' (born 2005)
*''']''' (born 1965) and '''Alina Mojica''' (born 1965) have four children:
*# '''Eunice Julia Shriver''' (born 1994)
*# '''Francesca Maria Shriver''' (born 1994)
*# '''Carolina Fitzgerald Shriver''' (born 2001)
*# '''John Joseph Sargent "Joey" Shriver''' (born 2009)
*''']''' (born 1955) and '''Jean Edith "Jeannie" Olsson''' (born 1955) had three children:
*# '''David Christopher Kennedy Lawford''' (born 1987)
*# '''Savannah Rose Lawford''' (born 1990)
*# '''Matthew Peter Valentine Lawford''' (born 1995)
*'''Sydney Maleia Kennedy Lawford''' (born 1956) and '''James Peter McKelvy, Sr.''' (born 1954) have four sons:
*# '''James Peter McKelvy, Jr.''' (born 1985)
*# '''Christopher Kennedy McKelvy''' (born 1987)
*# '''Patrick Ryon McKelvy''' (born 1989)
*# '''Anthony Lawford McKelvy''' (born 1992)
*'''Victoria Francis Lawford''' (born 1958) and '''Robert Beebe Pender, Jr.''' (born 1953) have three daughters:
*# '''Alexandra Lawford "Alex" Pender''' (born 1988)
*# '''Caroline Patricia Pender''' (born 1990)
*# '''Victoria Rose Pender''' (born 1993)
*''']''' (born 1951) and '''David Lee Townsend''' (born 1947) have four daughters:
*# '''Meaghan Ann Kennedy Townsend''' (born 1977)
*# '''Maeve Fahey Kennedy Townsend''' (born 1979). Married '''David John McKean''' (born 1982), has one son.
*# '''Rose Katherine "Kat" Kennedy Townsend''' (born 1983)
*# '''Kerry Sophia Kennedy Townsend''' (born 1991)
*''']''' (born 1952) had twin sons with his first wife, '''Sheila Brewster Rauch''' (born 1949):
*# ''']''' (born 1980) – on November 7, 2012, elected to congress for ] married '''Lauren Anne Birchfield''' (born 1985), daughter of James and Marta Birchfield
*# '''Matthew Rauch Kennedy''' (born 1980) married '''Katherine Lee Manning''' (born 1982), daughter of Michael B. Manning and Diana Lee
*''']''' (born 1954) had two children with his first wife, '''Emily Ruth Black''' (born 1957):
*# '''Robert Francis Kennedy III''' (born 1984)
*# '''Kathleen Alexandra "Kick" Kennedy''' (born 1988)
*''']''' (born 1954) had four children with his second wife, '''Mary Nancy Richardson''' (1959–2012):
*# '''Conor Richardson Kennedy''' (born 1994)
*# '''Kyra LeMoyne Kennedy''' (born 1995)
*# '''William Finbar "Finn" Kennedy''' (born 1997)
*# '''Aidan Caohman Vieques Kennedy''' (born 2001)
*''']''' (born 1956) had one daughter with her second husband, '''Paul Michael Hill''' (born 1954):
*# '''Saoirse Roisin Hill''' (born 1997)
*''']''' (1958–1997) and '''Victoria Denise Gifford''' (born 1957) had three children:
*# '''Michael LeMoyne Kennedy, Jr.''' (born 1983) Married '''Mary Campbell'''
*# '''Kyle Frances Kennedy''' (born 1984) Married '''Liam Nash Kerr''' (born 1983)
*# '''Rory Gifford Kennedy''' (born 1987)
*''']''' (born 1959) and ''']''' (born 1958) had three children:
*# '''Mariah Matilda Kennedy Cuomo''' (born 1995)
*# '''Cara Ethel Kennedy Cuomo''' (born 1995)
*# '''Michaela Andrea Kennedy Cuomo''' (born 1997)
*''']''' (born 1963) and '''Sheila Sinclair Berner''' (born 1962) had four children:
*# '''Katherine Berner "Kate" Kennedy''' (born 1990)
*# '''Christopher George Kennedy, Jr.''' (born 1992)
*# '''Sarah Louise Kennedy''' (born 1994)
*# '''Clare Rose Kennedy''' (born 1998)
*''']''' (born 1965) and '''Victoria Anne Strauss''' (born 1964) had three children:
*# '''Matthew Maxwell Taylor Kennedy, Jr.''' (born 1993)
*# '''Caroline Summer Rose Kennedy''' (born 1994)
*# '''Noah Isabella Rose Kennedy''' (born 1998)
*''']''' (born 1967) and '''Mary Elizabeth "Molly" Stark''' (born 1967) had four children:
*# '''Riley Elizabeth Kennedy''' (born 1999)
*# '''Mary McCauley Kennedy''' (born 2001)
*# '''Rowen Francis Kennedy''' (born 2004)
*# '''Anthony Boru Kennedy''' (born 2012)
*''']''' (born 1968) and '''Mark Bailey''' (born 1968) had three children:
*# '''Georgia Elizabeth Kennedy-Bailey''' (born 2002)
*# '''Bridget Katherine Kennedy-Bailey''' (born 2004)
*# '''Zachary Corkland Kennedy-Bailey''' (born 2007)
*''']''' (born 1960) and '''Anne Henry''' (born 1978) have one daughter:
*# '''India Rose Smith''' (born 2012)
*''']''' (1960–2011) and '''Michael Dale Allen''' (born 1958) had two children:
*# '''Grace Kennedy Allen''' (born 1994)
*# '''Max Greathouse Allen''' (born 1996)
*''']''' (born 1961) and '''Katherine Anne "Kiki" Gershman''' (born 1959) had two children:
*# '''Kiley Elizabeth Kennedy''' (born 1994)
*# '''Edward Moore Kennedy III''' (born 1998)
*''']''' (born 1967) and '''Amy Savell Petitgout''' (born 1975) have one son:
*# '''Owen Patrick Kennedy''' (born 2012)


===Sixth generation=== ===Timeline===
{{#tag:timeline|
*'''Maeve Fahey Kennedy Townsend''' (born 1979) and '''David John McKean''' have one son:
ImageSize = width:1250 height:auto barincrement:12
*# '''Gideon Joseph Kennedy McKean''' (born 2011).
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:50 right:130 left:20
AlignBars = late


Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}
==Family tree==
<div align="center">
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%"
! Kennedy family tree
|-
|
'''John KENNEDY I''' (1738–1803)
x '''Bridget SHALLOW''' (1744–1774)
│
└──> '''James KENNEDY, Sr.''' (1770 in Dunganstown – 1835)
x '''Maria (maiden name unknown)''' (1779 – February 16, 1835)
│
├──> '''Mary KENNEDY'''
│ x '''James MOLLOY'''
│
├──> '''John KENNEDY II''' (1804–1864), farmer
│ x '''Mary K. GUNNIP''' (1816–1881)
│
├──> '''James KENNEDY, Jr.''' (1816–1881), farmer
│ x '''Catherine COLFER'''
│
└──> '''Patrick KENNEDY''' (1823 in Dunganstown – November 22, 1858 in Boston), farmer
x (September 26, 1849 in Boston) '''Bridget MURPHY''' (1824 in Dunganstown – December 20, 1888 in Boston)
│
├──> '''Mary L. KENNEDY''' (August 6, 1851 – March 7, 1926)
│ x (January 1, 1883) '''Lawrence M. KANE'''
│ │
│ ├──> '''Joseph Lawrence Kane''' (November 29, 1883 — March 19, 1967)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Mary Margaret Kane''' (August 25, 1885 — September 14, 1885)
│ │
│ ├──> '''George Philip Kane''' (September 8, 1888 — July 6, 1954)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Gertrude Margaret Kane''' (May 26, 1890 — January 14, 1969)
│ │
│ └──> '''Frederick Kane''' (1892 — October 15, 1897)
│
├──> '''Joanna L. KENNEDY''' (November 27, 1852 – February 23, 1926)
│ x (September 22, 1872) '''Humphrey Charles MAHONEY'''
│ │
│ ├──> '''Daniel Mahoney''' (October 14, 1873 — November 20, 1875)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Mary E. Mahoney''' (October 18, 1875 — December 7, 1875)
│ │
│ ├──> '''William Henry Mahoney''' (May 17, 1878 — May 10, 1879)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Frances Josephine Mahoney''' (March 2, 1880 — April 13, 1963)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Annie Mahoney''' (February 13, 1883 — May 7, 1889)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Henry Joseph Mahoney''' (October 15, 1884 — February 3, 1961)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Gertrude Mahoney''' (October 7, 1886 — July 27, 1887)
│ │
│ └──> '''Frederick Louis Mahoney''' (August 21, 1890 — October 26, 1965)
│
├──> '''John KENNEDY III''' (January 4, 1854 – September 24, 1855)
│
├──> '''Margaret M. KENNEDY''' (July 18, 1855 – April 2, 1929)
│ x (February 21, 1882) '''John Thomas CAULFIELD'''
│ │
│ ├──> '''Mary Frances Caulfield''' (February 8, 1884 — June 14, 1938), married '''Alexander G. Crawford'''
│ │
│ ├──> '''Frederick Caulfield''' (June 20, 1886 — ?)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Edith M. Caulfield''' (April 8, 1888 — April 6, 1943)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Henry R. Caulfield''' (May 1889 — April 27, 1925)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Florence J. Caulfield''' (November 19, 1891 — August 10, 1892)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Elsie G. Caulfield''' (October 1894 — February 8, 1914)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Jeanette Dorothea Caulfield''' (Feb 1896 —June 1, 1953)
│ │
│ └──> '''John Theodore Caulfield''' (June 3, 1899 — August 18 1966)
│
└──> '''Patrick Joseph "P. J." KENNEDY''' (January 14, 1858 in Boston – May 18, 1929 in Boston), businessman, politician
x (November 23, 1887 in Boston) '''Mary Augusta HICKEY''' (December 6, 1857 in Winthrop, Massachusetts – May 20, 1923 in Boston)
│
├──> '''Joseph Patrick "Joe" KENNEDY''', Sr. (September 6, 1888 in Boston – November 18, 1969 in Hyannis, Massachusetts), politician, diplomat
│ x (October 7, 1914 in Boston) '''Rose Elizabeth FITZGERALD''' (July 22, 1890 in Boston – January 22, 1995), philanthropist
│ │
│ ├──> '''Joseph Patrick "Joe" KENNEDY, Jr.''' (July 25, 1915 in Brookline, Massachusetts – August 12, 1944), World War II Casualty
│ │
│ ├──> '''John Fitzgerald "Jack" KENNEDY, Sr.''' (May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts – November 22, 1963 in Dallas), President of the United States
│ │ x (September 12, 1953 in Newport) '''Jacqueline Lee "Jackie" BOUVIER''' (July 28, 1929 in Southampton, New York – May 19, 1994 in New York City), journalist, editor
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Arabella KENNEDY''' (August 23, 1956 – August 23, 1956) (''stillborn'')
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Caroline Bouvier KENNEDY''' (November 27, 1957 in New York City), author, editor, attorney
│ │ │ x (July 19, 1986) '''Edwin Arthur SCHLOSSBERG''' (July 19, 1945), architect, designer
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Rose Kennedy SCHLOSSBERG''' (June 25, 1988 in New York City)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Tatiana Celia Kennedy SCHLOSSBERG''' (May 5, 1990 in New York City)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''John Bouvier Kennedy "Jack" SCHLOSSBERG''' (January 19, 1993 in New York City)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''John Fitzgerald "John-John" KENNEDY, Jr.''' (November 25, 1960 in Washington, D.C. – July 16, 1999 in Martha's Vineyard), attorney
│ │ │ x (September 21, 1996) '''Carolyn Jeanne BESSETTE''' (January 7, 1966 in White Plains, New York – July 16, 1999 in Martha's Vineyard)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''Patrick Bouvier KENNEDY''' (August 7, 1963 in Bourne, Massachusetts – August 9, 1963 in Boston)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Rose Marie "Rosemary" KENNEDY''' (September 13, 1918 in Brookline, Massachusetts – January 7, 2005 in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Kathleen Agnes "Kick" KENNEDY''' (February 20, 1920 in Brookline, Massachusetts – May 13, 1948 in Saint-Bauzile, Ardèche), ]
│ │ x (May 6, 1944 in London) '''William John Robert CAVENDISH''' (December 10, 1917 – September 10, 1944), Marquess of Hartington
│ │
│ ├──> '''Eunice Mary KENNEDY''' (July 10, 1921 in Brookline, Massachusetts – August 11, 2009 in Hyannis, Massachusetts), founder of Special Olympics
│ │ x (May 23, 1953 in New York City) '''Robert Sargent "Sarge" SHRIVER, Jr.''' (November 9, 1915 in Westminster, Maryland – January 18, 2011 in Bethesda, Maryland), jurist, politician
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Robert Sargent "Bobby" SHRIVER III''' (April 28, 1954 in Chicago), attorney, journalist, producer
│ │ │ x (May 7, 2005) '''Malissa FERUZZI''', actress
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Rosemary Scarlett SHRIVER''' (2009)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Maria Owings SHRIVER''' (November 6, 1955 in Chicago), journalist
│ │ │ x (April 26, 1986 in Hyannis, Massachusetts – 2011) '''Arnold Alois SCHWARZENEGGER''' (July 30, 1947 in Thal, Styria), actor, politician
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Katherine Eunice SCHWARZENEGGER''' (December 13, 1989 in Los Angeles), writer
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Christina Maria Aurelia SCHWARZENEGGER''' (July 23, 1991 in Los Angeles)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Patrick Arnold Shriver SCHWARZENEGGER''' (September 18, 1993 in Los Angeles), model, entrepreneur, actor
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Christopher Sargent Shriver SCHWARZENEGGER''' (September 27, 1997 in Los Angeles)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Timothy Perry SHRIVER''' (August 29, 1959 in Boston), Chairman of Special Olympics
│ │ │ x (May 31, 1986) '''Linda Sophia POTTER''' (June 13, 1956)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Sophia Rose Potter SHRIVER''' (1987)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Timothy Potter SHRIVER''' (1988)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Samuel Kennedy Potter SHRIVER''' (1992)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Kathleen Potter SHRIVER''' (1994)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Caroline Potter SHRIVER''' (1998)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Mark Kennedy SHRIVER''' (February 17, 1964 in Washington, D.C.), politician
│ │ │ x (June 26, 1992) '''Jeanne Eileen "Jeannie" RIPP''' (November 30, 1965)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Mary Elizabeth "Molly" '''SHRIVER''' (1998)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Thomas Kennedy SHRIVER''' (1999)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Emma Rose SHRIVER''' (2005)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''Anthony Paul Kennedy SHRIVER''' (July 20, 1965 in Boston)
│ │ x (July 2, 1993 in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts) '''Alina MOJICA''' (January 5, 1965 in Havana)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Eunice Julia SHRIVER''' (1994)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Francesca Maria SHRIVER''' (1994)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Carolina Fitzgerald SHRIVER''' (2001)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''John Joseph Sargent "Joey" SHRIVER''' (2009)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Patricia Helen "Pat" KENNEDY''' (May 6, 1924 in Brookline, Massachusetts – September 17, 2006 in New York City)
│ │ x (April 24, 1954 in New York City – 1966) '''Peter Sydney Ernest LAWFORD''' (September 7, 1923 in London – December 24, 1984 in Los Angeles), actor
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Christopher Kennedy LAWFORD''' (March 29, 1955 in Santa Monica, California), author, actor
│ │ │ x (November 17, 1984) '''Jean Edith "Jeannie" OLSSON''' (1955)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''David Christopher Kennedy LAWFORD''' (1987)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Savannah Rose LAWFORD''' (1990)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Matthew Peter Valentine LAWFORD''' (1995)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Sydney Maleia Kennedy LAWFORD''' (August 25, 1956 in Santa Monica, California)
│ │ │ x '''James Peter McKELVY, Sr.''' (1955)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''James Peter McKELVY, Jr.''' (1985)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Christopher Kennedy McKELVY''' (1987)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Patrick Ryon McKELVY''' (1989)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Anthony Lawford McKELVY''' (1992)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Victoria Francis LAWFORD''' (November 4, 1958 in Santa Monica, California)
│ │ │ x '''Robert Beebee PENDER, Jr.''' (1953)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Alexandra Lawford PENDER''' (1988)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Caroline Patricia PENDER''' (1990)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Victoria Rose PENDER''' (1993)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''Robin Elizabeth LAWFORD''' (July 2, 1961 in San Francisco), environmentalist, marine biologist
│ │
│ ├──> '''Robert Francis "Bobby" KENNEDY, Sr.''' (November 20, 1925 in Brookline, Massachusetts – June 6, 1968 in Los Angeles), lawyer, senator
│ │ x (June 17, 1950) '''Ethel SKAKEL''' (April 11, 1928 in Chicago)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Kathleen Hartington KENNEDY''' (July 4, 1951 in Greenwich, Connecticut), politician, lieutenant governor of Maryland
│ │ │ x (November 17, 1973) '''David Lee TOWNSEND''' (1947)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Meaghan Ann Kennedy TOWNSEND''' (November 7, 1977 in Santa Fe, New Mexico)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Maeve Fahey Kennedy TOWNSEND''' (November 1, 1979 in New Haven)
│ │ │ │ x '''David John McKEAN''' (1982)
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ └──> '''Gideon Joseph Kennedy McKEAN''' (June 27, 2011)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Rose Katherine Kennedy TOWNSEND''' (December 17, 1983 in Boston)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Kerry Sophia Kennedy TOWNSEND''' (November 30, 1991 in Washington, D.C.)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Joseph Patrick "Joe" KENNEDY III''' (September 24, 1952 in Boston), businessman, politician
│ │ │ x (February 3, 1979 in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania]] – 1991) '''Sheila Brewster RAUCH''' (March 22, 1949)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Joseph Patrick "Joe" KENNEDY IV''' (October 4, 1980 in Boston), attorney
│ │ │ │ x (December 1, 2012) '''Lauren Anne BIRCHFIELD'''
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Matthew Rauch KENNEDY''' (October 4, 1980 in Boston)
│ │ │ │ x (July 7, 2012) '''Katherine Lee MANNING'''
│ │ │ x (October 23, 1993) '''Anne Elizabeth "Beth" KELLEY''' (April 3, 1957)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Robert Francis KENNEDY, Jr.''' (January 17, 1954 in Washington, D.C.), politician, attorney specializing in environmental law
│ │ │ x (April 3, 1982 in Bloomington, Indiana – 1994) '''Emily Ruth BLACK''' (October 15, 1957)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Robert Francis KENNEDY III''' (September 2, 1984)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Kathleen Alexandra KENNEDY''' (April 13, 1988)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ x (April 15, 1994 – May 16, 2012) '''Mary Nancy RICHARDSON''' (October 4, 1959 – May 16, 2012 in Bedford), architect
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Conor Richardson KENNEDY''' (July 24, 1994)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Kyra LeMoyne KENNEDY''' (August 27, 1995)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''William Finbar KENNEDY''' (November 8, 1997)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Aidan Caohman Vieques KENNEDY''' (2001)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''David Anthony KENNEDY''' (June 15, 1955 in Washington, D.C. – April 25, 1984 in Palm Beach, Florida)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Mary Courtney KENNEDY''' (September 9, 1956 in Boston)
│ │ │ x (June 14, 1980 – 1990) '''Jeffrey Robert RUHE''' (1952)
│ │ │ x (June 26, 1993 - present, separated February 2006) '''Paul Michael HILL''' (August 13, 1954)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Saoirse Roisin HILL''' (May 22, 1997 in Washington, D.C.)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Michael LeMoyne KENNEDY, Sr.''' (February 27, 1958 in Washington, D.C. – December 31, 1997 in Aspen)
│ │ │ x (March 14, 1981 in New York City) '''Victoria Denise GIFFORD''' (February 20, 1957)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Michael LeMoyne KENNEDY, Jr.''' (January 9, 1983 in Charlottesville)
│ │ │ │ x (September 22, 2012) '''Mary CAMPBELL'''
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Kyle Francis KENNEDY''' (July 6, 1984, Washington, D.C.)
│ │ │ │ x (August 18, 2012) '''Liam Nash KERR'''
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Rory Gifford KENNEDY''' (November 14, 1987 in Boston)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Mary Kerry KENNEDY''' (September 8, 1959 in Washington, D.C.), human rights activist
│ │ │ x (1991–2005) '''Andrew Mark CUOMO''' (December 6, 1957 in New York City), politician, governor of New York
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Mariah Matilda Kennedy CUOMO''' (1995)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Cara Ethel Kennedy CUOMO''' (1995)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Michaela Andrea Kennedy CUOMO''' (1997)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Christopher George KENNEDY, Sr.''' (July 4, 1963 in Boston), businessman
│ │ │ x (August 15, 1987) '''Sheila Sinclair BERNER''' (December 4, 1962)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Katherine Berner KENNEDY''' (October 4, 1990)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Christopher George KENNEDY, Jr.''' (June 15, 1992)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Sarah Louise KENNEDY''' (September 26, 1994)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Clare Rose KENNEDY''' (November 3, 1998)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Matthew Maxwell Taylor "Max" KENNEDY, Sr.''' (January 11, 1965 New York City), author, attorney
│ │ │ x (July 13, 1991 in Philadelphia) '''Victoria Anne STRAUSS''' (February 10, 1964)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Matthew Maxwell Taylor KENNEDY, Jr.''' (September 18, 1993)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Caroline Summer Rose KENNEDY''' (December 29, 1994)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ └──> '''Noah Isabella Rose KENNEDY''' (July 9, 1998)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Douglas Harriman KENNEDY''' (March 24, 1967 in Washington, D.C.), journalist
│ │ │ x (August 22, 1998) '''Mary Elizabeth "Molly" STARK''' (1969)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Riley Elizabeth KENNEDY''' (August 26, 1999 in Nantucket)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Mary McCauley KENNEDY''' (August 22, 2001)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Rowen Francis KENNEDY''' (June 2004)
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ├──> '''Anthony Boru KENNEDY''' (January 2012)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''Rory Elizabeth Katherine KENNEDY''' (December 12, 1968 in Washington, D.C.), documentary filmmaker and producer
│ │ x (August 2, 1999) '''Mark BAILEY''' (1968)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Georgia Elizabeth KENNEDY-BAILEY''' (September 30, 2002)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Bridget Katherine KENNEDY-BAILEY''' (July 2004)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''Zachary Corkland KENNEDY-BAILEY''' (July 16, 2007)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Jean Ann KENNEDY''' (February 20, 1928 in Brookline, Massachusetts), United States Ambassador to Ireland
│ │ x (May 19, 1956) '''Stephen Edward SMITH, Sr.''' (September 24, 1927 in Bayport, New York – August 19, 1990 in New York City), businessman, political strategist
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Stephen Edward SMITH, Jr.''' (1957), attorney
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''William Kennedy SMITH''' (September 4, 1960 in Brighton, Massachusetts), physician
│ │ x '''Anne HENRY'''
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''India Rose Smith''' (2012)
│ │
│ └──> '''Edward Moore "Ted" KENNEDY, Sr.''' (February 22, 1932 in Boston – August 25, 2009 in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts), journalist, politician
│ x (November 29, 1958 – 1982) '''Virginia Joan BENNETT''' (September 9, 1936 in New York City), model
│ │
│ ├──> '''Kara Anne KENNEDY''' (February 27, 1960 in Eastchester, New York – September 16, 2011 in Washington, D.C.), television producer, film producer
│ │ x (September 1990 – 2011) '''Michael Dale ALLEN''' (1958)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Grace Kennedy ALLEN''' (September 19, 1994 in Washington, D.C.)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''Max Greathouse ALLEN''' (December 20, 1996 in Rockville, Maryland)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Edward Moore "Ted" KENNEDY, Jr.''' (September 26, 1961 in Boston), entrepreneur, investment banker and lawyer
│ │ x (November 9, 1993) '''Katherine Anne "Kiki" GERSHMAN''' (June 9, 1959)
│ │ │
│ │ ├──> '''Kiley Elizabeth KENNEDY''' (August 7, 1994 in New Haven, Connecticut)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''Edward Moore KENNEDY III''' (February 25, 1998 in New Haven, Connecticut)
│ │
│ ├──> '''Patrick Joseph KENNEDY II''' (July 14, 1967 in Brighton, Massachusetts), politician
│ │ x (July 15, 2011) '''Amy Savell PETITGOUT''' (1975)
│ │ │
│ │ └──> '''Owen Patrick KENNEDY''' (April 15, 2012)
│ │
│ x (July 3, 1992 in McLean, Virginia) '''Victoria Anne "Vicki" REGGIE''' (February 26, 1954 in Crowley, Louisiana), attorney
│
├──> '''Francis Benedict KENNEDY''' (March 11, 1891 – June 14, 1892)
│
├──> '''Mary Loretta KENNEDY''' (August 6, 1892 – November 18, 1972)
│ x (October 12, 1927 in Winthrop, Massachusetts) '''George William CONNELLY''' (June 10, 1898 – August 29, 1971)
│ │
│ └──> '''Mary Louise CONNELLY''' (1928)
│ x '''Matthew James McCARTHY''' (1926)
│
└──> '''Margaret Louise KENNEDY''' (October 22, 1898 – November 14, 1974)
x (June 14, 1924) '''Charles Joseph BURKE, Sr.''' (August 23, 1899 – April 5, 1967)
│
├──> '''Margaret Louise BURKE''' (1926)
│ x '''John Bernard DEVINE''' (1920)
│
├──> '''Charles Joseph BURKE, Jr.''' (1928)
│ x '''Ellen Therea KELLEY'''
│ │
│ └──> '''Terry BURKE'''
│ x (February 4, 1976 in Newton, Massachusetts) '''Claire COLITON''' (1935)
│
└──> '''Thomas Francis BURKE II''' (1933)
x '''Gertrude Ann MILLER''' (1936)
|}
</div>


DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
==Photos==
Period = from:01/01/1930 till:$today
], September 4, 1931. From left to right: ], ], ], ] on lap of ], ] behind ], ], ] behind ]. ] was not born yet. The dog in the foreground is Buddy.]]
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1930
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1930


Colors =
], August 3, 1963. ] standing with his children and his numerous nephews and nieces: from left to right, ] holding baby ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] holding ], ], Stephen Edward Smith, Jr., ], ], Victoria Lawford, Sydney Lawford, Robin Lawford, and, in the foreground, ]]]
id:fedcongress value:rgb(0,0,0.6)
id:fedgovernment value:rgb(0.6,0,0)
id:ambassador value:rgb(0.84,0.62,0.21)


BarData =
<gallery>
bar:JPKSr
File:PJ Kennedy.jpg|''']''' (January 14, 1858 in Boston – May 18, 1929 in Boston), businessman, politician
bar:JFK
File:Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. 1940.jpg|''']''' (September 6, 1888 in Boston – November 18, 1969 in ]), politician, diplomat
bar:EMK
File:Rose Kennedy 1967.JPG|''']''' (July 22, 1890 in Boston – January 22, 1995), philanthropist
bar:RFK
File:Lt. Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. Navy.JPG|''']''' (July 25, 1915 in ] – August 12, 1944)
bar:JPKII
File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|''']''' (May 29, 1917 in ] – November 22, 1963 in ]), President of the United States
bar:JKS
File:Whitehouseportraitjackie curvecorrected.jpg|''']''' (July 28, 1929 in ] – May 19, 1994 in New York City), journalist, editor
bar:PJK
File:Caroline Kennedy.PNG|''']''' (November 27, 1957 in New York City), author, editor, ]
bar:JPKIII
File:JFKJr2.jpg|''']''' (November 25, 1960 in Washington, D.C. – July 16, 1999 in ]), ]
bar:CK
File:Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy.jpg|''']''' (January 7, 1966 in ] – July 16, 1999 in ])
File:Eunice-zurab.jpg|''']''' (July 10, 1921 in ] – August 11, 2009 in ]), founder of ]
File:Sargent Shriver 1961.jpg|''']''' (November 9, 1915 in ] – January 18, 2011 in ]), ], politician
File:Bobbyshriverheadshot.jpg|''']''' (born April 28, 1954 in Chicago), ], journalist, producer
File:Maria Shriver at Womens Conference book signing October 2010.jpg|''']''' (born November 6, 1955 in Chicago), journalist
File:SchwarzeneggerJan2010.jpg|''']''' (July 30, 1947 in ]), actor, politician, ]
File:Patrick Schwarzenegger and Katherine Schwarzenegger.jpg|''']''' (born September 18, 1993 in Los Angeles) and his sister ''']''' (born December 13, 1989 in Los Angeles)
File:Timothy Shriver by Slawek.jpg|''']''' (born August 29, 1959 in Boston), Chairman of ]
File: Patricia Kennedy Lawford - circa 1948.jpg|''']''' (May 6, 1924 in ] – September 17, 2006 in New York City)
File:Peter Lawford in Royal Wedding (2).jpg|''']''' (September 7, 1923 in London – December 24, 1984 in Los Angeles), actor
File:Robert F Kennedy crop.jpg|''']''' (November 20, 1925 in ] – June 6, 1968 in Los Angeles), lawyer, ]
File:EthelKennedySmile1968.jpg|''']''' (born April 11, 1928 in Chicago)
File:Kathleen Kennedy Townsend giving out awards, 2001, cropped.jpg|''']''' (born July 4, 1951 in ]), politician, ] of ]
File:Joe Kennedy II.jpg|''']''' (born September 24, 1952 in Boston), businessman, politician
File:Joseph P. Kennedy III 2011.jpg|''']''' (born October 4, 1980 in Boston), attorney, politician
File:Robert Kennedy Jr. 1.jpg|''']''' (born January 17, 1954 in Washington, D.C.), politician, ] specializing in ]
File:2011-03-05 Pilgrimage-765.jpg|''']''' (born September 8, 1959 in Washington, D.C.), ]
File:Andrew Cuomo by Pat Arnow cropped.jpeg|''']''' (born December 6, 1957 in New York City), politician, ]
File:Rory Kennedy 2011.jpg|''']''' (born December 12, 1968 in Washington, D.C.), documentary filmmaker and producer
File:Jean Kennedy c1953.jpg|''']''' (born February 20, 1928 in ]), ]
File:WKSmith.jpg|''']''' (September 4, 1960 in ]), physician
File:Ted Kennedy, official photo portrait crop.jpg|''']''' (February 22, 1932 in Boston – August 25, 2009 in ]), journalist, politician
File:Vicki Kennedy 2010 crop.jpg|''']''' (born February 26, 1954 in ]), ]
File:Kara-Kennedy.gif|''']''' (born February 27, 1960 in ] – September 16, 2011 in Washington, D.C.), television producer, film producer
File:Patrick J. Kennedy, official Congressional photo.JPG|''']''' (born July 14, 1967 in ]), politician
</gallery>


PlotData =
==See also==
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
], Senator ], and President ] outside the ] in 1963]]
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bar:JPKSr
* ]
from: 30/06/1934 till: 23/09/1935 color:fedgovernment
* ]
from: 14/04/1937 till: 19/02/1938 color:fedgovernment
from: 08/03/1938 till: 22/10/1940 color:ambassador text:"Joseph P. Kennedy Sr."
bar:JFK
from: 03/01/1947 till: 22/12/1960 color:fedcongress
from: 20/01/1961 till: 22/11/1963 color:fedgovernment text:"John F. Kennedy"
bar:EMK
from: 07/11/1962 till: 25/08/2009 color:fedcongress text:"Edward M. Kennedy"
bar:RFK
from: 21/01/1961 till: 03/09/1964 color:fedgovernment
from: 03/01/1965 till: 06/06/1968 color:fedcongress text:"Robert F. Kennedy"
bar:JPKII
from: 03/01/1987 till: 03/01/1999 color:fedcongress text:"Joseph P. Kennedy II"
bar:JKS
from: 24/06/1993 till: 17/09/1998 color:ambassador text:"Jean Kennedy Smith"
bar:PJK
from: 03/01/1995 till: 03/01/2011 color:fedcongress text:"Patrick J. Kennedy"
bar:JPKIII
from: 03/01/2013 till: 03/01/2021 color:fedcongress
from: 19/12/2022 till: $today color:ambassador text:"Joe Kennedy III"

bar:CK
from: 19/11/2013 till: 18/01/2017 color:ambassador
from: 25/07/2022 till:$today color:ambassador text:"Caroline Kennedy"
}}
{| style="float:right; background:#fff;"
|-
| {{ubl|
{{legend0|#000066|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}|{{legend0|#660000|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}|{{legend0|#d69d36|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
}}
|}
{{clear}}

==Heraldry==
On March 17, 1961, John F. Kennedy was presented with a ] for all the descendants of Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) from the ]. The design of the arms (three gold closed helmets on a black field)<ref>The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, Bernard Burke, Harrison & Sons, 1884, pp. 558-9</ref> strongly alludes to symbols in the coats of arms of the ] of Ormonde and the ] of ], from whom the family is descended. The crest is an armored hand holding four arrows between two olive branches, elements taken from the coat of arms of the United States of America and also symbolic of Kennedy and his brothers.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.americanheraldry.org/heraldry-in-the-united-states/arms-of-famous-americans/presidents-of-the-united-states/john-fitzgerald-kennedy-35th-president-of-the-united-states/ | title = John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States | publisher = American Heraldry Society | access-date =October 27, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803191207/http://www.americanheraldry.org/pages/index.php?n=President.Kennedy | archive-date=August 3, 2016 }}</ref>{{Infobox COA wide
|image=File:Coat of Arms of John F. Kennedy.svg
|escutcheon=Sable three helmets in profile Or within a bordure per saltire Gules and Ermine.
|crest=Between two olive branches a cubit sinister arm in armor erect, the hand holding a sheaf of four arrows, points upward, all proper
|year_granted=1961
|name=the Kennedy family
|armiger=All the descendants of Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858)
|symbolism=}}

== See also ==
* ] * ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist}}

=== Book sources ===
* {{cite book | author = Gibson, Barbara | author2 = Ted Schwartz | title = The Kennedys : the Third Generation | location = New York | publisher = Kensington Publishing | year = 1993 | oclc = 670288617 | isbn =9780786010264 | page = 458}}
* Haas, Lawrence J. ''The Kennedys in the World: How Jack, Bobby, and Ted Remade America's Empire'' (2021)
* Hunt, Amber, and David Batcher. ''Kennedy Wives: Triumph and Tragedy in America's Most Public Family'' (2014)
* Kessler, Ronald. ''The sins of the father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the dynasty he founded'' (St. Martin's Press, 1996).
* Klein, Edward. ''The Kennedy Curse: Why tragedy has haunted America's first family for 150 years'' (Macmillan, 2003).
* Leamer, Laurence. ''The Kennedy women: The saga of an American family'' (Ballantine Books, 1996).
* Leamer, Laurence. ''The Kennedy Men: 1901-1963'' (2001)
* Leamer, Laurence. ''Sons of Camelot: The Fate of an American Dynasty'' (2005)
* Nasaw, David. ''The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy'' (2012); scholarly biography.


==External links== ==External links==
{{Commons category|Kennedy family}} {{Commons category|Kennedy family}}
* , '']'' Online * , '']''
* , ], a project from GiGaSoft Software GmbH * , '']''
* ,
* , '']'', ]
* , ] * , ]
* , ]


{{Kennedy family}} {{Kennedy family}}
{{John F. Kennedy}} {{John F. Kennedy}}
{{Robert F. Kennedy}}
{{United States Presidential Family Political Lines}}
{{Ted Kennedy}}
{{Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis}}
{{Robert F. Kennedy Jr.}}
{{United States presidential family political lines}}
{{Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century}}
{{Portal bar|Politics|United States}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kennedy Family}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kennedy family}}
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Latest revision as of 23:39, 2 January 2025

American political family This article is about the U.S. political family. For the fictional family, see Kennedy family (Neighbours). "Kennedys" redirects here. For the law firm, see Kennedys Law. For other people named "Kennedy", see Kennedy (surname).

Kennedy family
Ó Cinnéide
American Political family
Between two olive branches a cubit sinister arm in armor erect, the hand holding a sheaf of four arrows, points upward, all proper
Patrick Joseph KennedyJoseph Patrick Kennedy Sr.John F. Kennedy
Parent familyO'Kennedy
CountryDunganstown, New Ross, County Wexford, Ireland
Current regionUnited States
Founded
  • Arrival in the United States
    1849, Boston
  • 176 years ago
FounderPatrick Kennedy (1823–1858)
Titles List
Estate(s) List

The Kennedy family (Irish: Ó Cinnéide) is an American political family that has long been prominent in American politics, public service, entertainment, and business. In 1884, 35 years after the family's arrival from County Wexford, Ireland, Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy became the first Kennedy elected to public office, serving in the Massachusetts state legislature until 1895. At least one Kennedy family member served in federal elective office from 1947, when P. J. Kennedy's grandson John F. Kennedy became a member of Congress from Massachusetts, until 2011, when Patrick J. Kennedy II (John's nephew) retired as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Rhode Island.

P. J.'s son Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and his wife, Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, had nine children, including John F. Kennedy, who served in both houses of the United States Congress and as U.S. President; Robert F. Kennedy, who served as U.S. Attorney General and as a U.S. Senator; and Ted Kennedy, who served more than 46 years in the U.S. Senate. Other descendants include members of the U.S. House of Representatives, two U.S. ambassadors, one U.S. envoy, a lieutenant governor, three state legislators (one of whom also served in the U.S. House of Representatives), and one mayor.

Joseph and Rose's daughter Eunice played a vital role in establishing the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (part of the National Institutes of Health) and the Special Olympics. Other descendants of Joseph and Rose Kennedy have been lawyers, authors, and activists on behalf of those with physical and intellectual disabilities.

History

According to genealogist Brian Kennedy in his work JFK's Irish O'Kennedy Ancestors, the Kennedys—who would go on to play a significant role in the United States of America—originated from an Irish clan called Ó Cinnéide Fionn (which, along with the Ó Cinnéide Donn and Ó Cinnéide Ruadh, were the three Irish Gaelic Ó Cinnéide clans who ruled the Kingdom of Ormond). In 1546, their progenitor Diarmaid Ó Cinnéide Fionn became the owner of Knigh Castle, located close to what is today Puckane, County Tipperary. In 1740, having lost out to the New English order in the Kingdom of Ireland, they moved to Dunganstown, New Ross, County Wexford. Patrick Kennedy was born there.

Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) and Bridget Murphy (1824–1888) sailed from Ireland to East Boston in 1849. Patrick worked in East Boston as a barrel maker, or cooper, and had five children with Bridget. Their youngest, Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy, went into business and served in the Massachusetts state legislature from 1884 to 1895.

P. J. and his wife, Mary Augusta Hickey, had four children. Their oldest was Joseph Patrick "Joe" Kennedy Sr., a businessman who amassed a private fortune in banking and securities trading, which he further expanded by investing in filmmaking and real estate. He also founded Somerset Importers and owned Chicago's Merchandise Mart.

In 1914, Joseph Sr. married Rose Fitzgerald, the eldest daughter of John F. "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald, who served six years as mayor of Boston and six years as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. The couple had nine children: Joseph Jr. (1915–1944), John (called Jack) (1917–1963), Rose Marie (called Rosemary) (1918–2005), Kathleen (called Kick) (1920–1948), Eunice (1921–2009), Patricia (1924–2006), Robert (called Bobby) (1925–1968), Jean (1928–2020) and Edward (called Ted) (1932–2009).

Joseph Sr. was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), chairman of the Maritime Commission, and U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 to 1940. He served from 1947 to 1949 on The Hoover Commission (the "Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government"), which was appointed by President Harry Truman to recommend administrative changes in the federal government. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy was named Papal Countess of the Holy Roman Church by Pope Pius XII in 1951 in recognition of her "exemplary motherhood and many charitable works."

Continued public service

Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Kennedy with their children at the Kennedy Compound in 1931.

Every Kennedy elected to public office has served as a Democrat, while other members of the family have worked for the party or held Cabinet posts in Democratic administrations. Many have attended Harvard University, and the family has contributed greatly to that university's John F. Kennedy School of Government.

Joseph Sr. expected his eldest son, Joseph Jr., to go into politics and to ultimately be elected president. Joseph Jr. was elected as a Massachusetts delegate to the 1940 Democratic National Convention and enlisted in the U.S. Navy after the United States entered World War II. He was killed in 1944 when the bomber he was piloting exploded in flight. Joseph Sr.'s desire to see the family involved in politics and government then focused on John, who had considered a career as a journalist, having authored a book (Why England Slept) and done some reporting for Hearst Newspapers. After returning from Navy service, John served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Massachusetts's 11th congressional district from 1947 to 1953, and then as U.S. Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. In the 1960 presidential election, John narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon.

During John's administration, Robert served as attorney general, their brother-in-law Sargent Shriver served as director of the new Peace Corps, and Ted became the U.S. Senator from Massachusetts until his death in 2009. The Kennedy administration's accomplishments include the Alliance for Progress with Latin America, the establishment of the Peace Corps, a peaceful resolution to the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963, the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution ending the poll tax, the continuation of the Apollo spaceflight program with the goal of landing a man on the Moon, and the introduction of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to Congress (signed into law by Kennedy's successor Lyndon B. Johnson). The family was the subject of intense media coverage during and after Kennedy's presidency.

Ted served in the Senate with his brother Robert (1965–1968), and was serving in the Senate when his nephew, Joseph P. II, and his son, Patrick J., served in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Massachusetts's 8th congressional district (1987–1999) and Rhode Island's 1st congressional district (1995–2011), respectively. In November 2012, Joseph P. Kennedy III, son of former Rep. Joseph P. Kennedy II and grandson of the late Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. In 2020, Joseph P. III lost the U.S. Senate primary election in Massachusetts to incumbent Ed Markey, the first Kennedy to ever lose an election in the state.

In the 2020s, three Kennedy family members were serving as U.S. ambassadors or envoys. Victoria Reggie Kennedy, second wife of Ted Kennedy, was named in 2021 by President Biden as U.S. ambassador to Austria. Caroline Kennedy, daughter of President Kennedy, was named in 2022 by President Biden as U.S. ambassador to Australia; she previously served as U.S. ambassador to Japan under President Barack Obama. In the same year, Joseph P. Kennedy III was named by President Biden as U.S. special envoy to Northern Ireland.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. ran for president in the 2024 United States presidential election. He originally ran as a Democrat, but changed his party affiliation to Independent in October 2023. Robert Jr.'s campaign drew controversy among other family members, who publicly spoke out against him mainly due to his anti-vaccine views, instead endorsing President Joe Biden. In August 2024, two months before the election, Robert Jr. dropped out and endorsed Republican candidate Donald Trump, who went on to win the election. On November 14, 2024, Trump nominated him to be United States Secretary of Health and Human Services for his cabinet, pending Senate approval.

Family tree

Businesses

Philanthropy and policy institutes

Government offices held

In addition, some Kennedy spouses have served in government:

There was a member of the Kennedy family in public office nearly continuously from 1946, when John F. Kennedy was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, until early 2011, when Patrick J. Kennedy left the House. The only exception was the period between John F. Kennedy's resignation from the Senate on December 22, 1960, and his assumption of the office of President on January 20, 1961. In 2013, two years after Patrick Kennedy left the House, Joseph P. Kennedy III was elected U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and served until 2021. Below is a timeline of the Kennedys' tenure in the U.S. Congress.

Timeline

Heraldry

On March 17, 1961, John F. Kennedy was presented with a grant of arms for all the descendants of Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) from the Chief Herald of Ireland. The design of the arms (three gold closed helmets on a black field) strongly alludes to symbols in the coats of arms of the O'Kennedys of Ormonde and the FitzGeralds of Desmond, from whom the family is descended. The crest is an armored hand holding four arrows between two olive branches, elements taken from the coat of arms of the United States of America and also symbolic of Kennedy and his brothers.

Coat of arms of the Kennedy family
Granted
1961
Armiger
All the descendants of Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858)
Crest
Between two olive branches a cubit sinister arm in armor erect, the hand holding a sheaf of four arrows, points upward, all proper
Escutcheon
Sable three helmets in profile Or within a bordure per saltire Gules and Ermine.

See also

References

Citations

  1. "1963: Warm welcome for JFK in Ireland". BBC News. June 27, 1963. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  2. Levenson, Michael (February 13, 2010). "Pondering a Congress without Kennedys". The Boston Globe.
  3. Maier, Thomas (2003). The Kennedys: America's Emerald Kings. Basic Books. p. . ISBN 978-0-465-04317-0.
  4. The Kennedy Family The JFK Library, accessed February 10, 2016
  5. Graham, James (October 7, 2014). "The Wedding That Changed American History". Time.
  6. DeCosta-Klipa, Nik (May 17, 2017). "Meet Honey Fitz: The 'pixie like' mayor of Boston (and JFK's grandfather)". Boston.com.
  7. "Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy | JFK Library".
  8. "www.whitehouse.gov".
  9. Martin, Jonathan (September 1, 2020). "Markey Holds Off Joseph Kennedy in Massachusetts Senate Race". The New York Times. The result was the first loss by a Kennedy in a Massachusetts election…
  10. "Fast Facts about Robert F. Kennedy". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved September 4, 2020. Robert F. Kennedy was not on the ballot in Massachusetts in the 1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries and finished second to Eugene McCarthy as a write-in candidate.
  11. Thanikachalam, Neya. "Senate confirms Victoria Kennedy to be ambassador to Austria". The Boston Globe. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  12. Anderson, Sophia (May 3, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Announces 2024 Presidential Candidacy Against Biden". the Gavel. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  13. O'Donnell, Kelly; Lebowitz, Megan; Richards, Zoë (April 18, 2024). "Kennedy family members endorse Biden over RFK Jr". NBC News. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
  14. McGraw, Meridith; Cirruzzo, Chelsea (November 14, 2024). "Trump expected to select Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to lead HHS". Politico.
  15. Gurley, Alex. "All About Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s 6 Children". People.com. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  16. Kaloi, Stephanie. "Ethel Kennedy's 11 Children: All About the Late Kennedy Matriarch's Sons and Daughters". People.com. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  17. Tremaine, Julie. "All About Ethel Kennedy's 34 Grandchildren — and Why One Called the Late Activist His 'Hero'". People.com. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  18. "Non-Profit Energy Company | Citizens Energy". Citizens Energy Corporation. January 30, 2023.
  19. Nasaw, David (2012). The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy. New York City, New York: Penguin Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-59420-376-3.
  20. Brean, Henry (May 9, 2023). "U of A teams with Bridgestone to give desert rubber source a bounce". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
  21. ^ Jensen, Michael C. (June 12, 1977). "Managing the Kennedy Millions". The New York Times. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
  22. "Kennedy's former firm investigated by SEC". New Haven Register. October 30, 2014. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
  23. Samuels, Regina (August 2, 2021). "How Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. Became a Billionaire And Founded a Political Dynasty That Defined The 20th Century!". Politic-Ed. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
  24. Kessler, Ronald (1996). The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty he Founded. Warner Books, Inc. p. 10. ISBN 0-446-60384-8.
  25. "What Chris Kennedy Is Doing With the New Wolf Point Project". Chicago. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  26. "Wolf Point developers land $200 million loan for 60-story tower". Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  27. "Salesforce plan completes Kennedy family's Wolf Point puzzle". Retrieved November 15, 2024.
  28. "Community of Caring Names University of Utah Its New National Headquarters". UNews Archive. Salt Lake City, UT. March 25, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2023.
  29. Murray, Kelly (September 6, 2018). "Christopher Lawford, actor, author and nephew of John F. Kennedy, dies at 63". CNN.com. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  30. The General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales, Bernard Burke, Harrison & Sons, 1884, pp. 558-9
  31. "John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States". American Heraldry Society. Archived from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved October 27, 2009.

Book sources

  • Gibson, Barbara; Ted Schwartz (1993). The Kennedys : the Third Generation. New York: Kensington Publishing. p. 458. ISBN 9780786010264. OCLC 670288617.
  • Haas, Lawrence J. The Kennedys in the World: How Jack, Bobby, and Ted Remade America's Empire (2021) excerpt
  • Hunt, Amber, and David Batcher. Kennedy Wives: Triumph and Tragedy in America's Most Public Family (2014) excerpt
  • Kessler, Ronald. The sins of the father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the dynasty he founded (St. Martin's Press, 1996).
  • Klein, Edward. The Kennedy Curse: Why tragedy has haunted America's first family for 150 years (Macmillan, 2003).
  • Leamer, Laurence. The Kennedy women: The saga of an American family (Ballantine Books, 1996). excerpt
  • Leamer, Laurence. The Kennedy Men: 1901-1963 (2001) excerpt
  • Leamer, Laurence. Sons of Camelot: The Fate of an American Dynasty (2005) excerpt
  • Nasaw, David. The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy (2012); scholarly biography.

External links

Kennedy family
I.
P. J. Kennedy
(1858–1929)
II.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
(1888–1969)
III.
John F. Kennedy
(1917–1963)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver
(1921–2009)
Patricia Kennedy Lawford
(1924–2006)
Robert F. Kennedy
(1925–1968)
Jean Kennedy Smith
(1928–2020)
Ted Kennedy
(1932–2009)
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