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| {{Infobox cemetery | |||
| {{POV}} | |||
| | name = Quba mass grave | |||
| | native_name = Quba kütləvi məzarlığı | |||
| A ] of ], ] and ] civilians in ], allegedly, killed by ] (Armenian Revolutionary Federation) and ] during the ] of 1918, discovered in 2007 during the construction of a stadium in the town of ], in ].<ref>Nicholas Marquez Grant (ed.), Linda Fibiger (ed.), ''Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation'' p 36</ref> The Azerbaijani government last reported in 1996 to have conducted a ] of the burial ground uncovering an unspecified number of bodies.<ref>Gananath Obeyesekere, "Narratives of the self: Chevalier Peter Dillon's Fijian cannibal adventures", in Barbara Creed, Jeanette Hoorn, ''Body Trade: captivity, cannibalism and colonialism in the Pacific'', Routledge, 2001, p. 100. ISBN 0-415-93884-8. "The 'time of dread' was roughly 1985-89, when ethnic Sinhala youth took over vast areas of the country and practiced enormous atrocities; they were only eliminated by equally dreadful state terrorism."</ref> | |||
| | native_name_lang = Azerbaijani | |||
| | image = Guba Mass Grave bones.jpg | |||
| It's estimated by ] and Azerbaijani foreignsic scientists more than 3,000 ] were killed by ] during March Days events.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rovshan Mustafayev: "More than 3000 Mountain Jews were killed by Armenians during 1918-1919"|url=http://www.today.az/news/politics/25410.html|work=news.az|accessdate=1 June 2013}}</ref><ref>Richard Butler evidence to the Krstic trial 19 July 2000 ICTY transcript p 5431 . Retrieved 7 April 2010.</ref><ref>Witness PW-139 evidence to the Popovice et al., 7 November 2006, ICTY transcript p 3690 http://www.icty.org/x/cases/popovic/trans/en/061107ED.htm</ref> | |||
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| ⚫ | ], the director of the ], has |
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| ==Background== | |||
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| {{Main|March Days}} | |||
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| During ] an inter-ethnic strife and massacres of up to 12,000<ref name="smithmusavat">{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Michael |last2= |first2= |year=2001 |month=April |title=Anatomy of Rumor: Murder Scandal, the Musavat Party and Narrative of the Russian Revolution in Baku, 1917-1920 |journal=Journal of Contemporary History |publisher= |volume=36 |issue=2 |page=228 |url= |doi= |quote=''The results of the March events were immediate and total for the Musavat. Several hundreds of its members were killed in the fighting; up to 12,000 Muslim civilians perished; thousands of others fled Baku in a mass exodus''}}</ref><ref name="minahan">{{cite book |title=Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States |last=Minahan |first=James B. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |publisher= |location= |isbn=0-313-30610-9 |page=22 |pages= |url= |accessdate= |quote=''The tensions and fighting between the Azeris and the Armenians in the federation culminated in the massacre of some 12,000 Azeris in Baku by radical Armenians and Bolshevik troops in March 1918''}}</ref> ]s and other Muslims<ref name="York Times Current History 1920 p. 492">{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |year=1920 |month=March |title=New Republics in the Caucasus |journal=The New York Times Current History |publisher= |volume=11 |issue=2 |page=492 |url= |doi= }}</ref> that took place between March 30 and April 2, 1918 in the city of ] and adjacent areas of the ] of the ].<ref name="Smith">{{ru icon}}{{cite web |url=http://old.sakharov-center.ru/publications/azrus/az_004.htm |title=Pamiat' ob utratakh i Azerbaidzhanskoe obshchestvo/Traumatic Loss and Azerbaijani. National Memory |author=Michael Smith |date= |work=Azerbaidzhan i Rossiia: obshchestva i gosudarstva (Azerbaijan and Russia: Societies and States) |publisher=Sakharov Center |accessdate=21 August 2011}}</ref> | |||
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| | abandoned = <!-- or | closed = --> | |||
| Facilitated by a political power struggle between ]s with support of the ]<ref name="dewaal2010">{{cite book |title=The Caucasus: An Introduction |last=De Waal |first=Thomas |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location= |isbn=0-19-539976-5 |pages=62 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6X745rS5Ci8C&pg=PA62 |quote=''"In the so called March Days of 1918, Baku descended into a mini-civil war, after the Bolsheviks declared war on Musavat Party and then stood by as Dashnak militias rampaged through the city, killing Azerbaijanis indiscriminately"''}}</ref><ref name="suny41-42">{{cite book |title=The revenge of the past:nationalism, revolution, and the collapse of the Soviet Union |last=Suny |first=Ronald Grigor |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1993 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location= |isbn=0-8047-2247-1 |pages=41–42 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-4efW7SvG0YC&pg=PA41}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=In a collapsing empire:underdevelopment, ethnic conflicts and nationalisms in the Soviet Union Volume 28 |last=Buttino |first=Marco |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1993 |publisher=Feltrinelli Editor |location= |isbn=88-07-99048-2 |pages=176 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=t5HKjm6vs3YC&pg=PA176 |quote=''"Violence increased during the Civil War, with massacres of Azeri Turks - by the combined forced of Armenian Dashnaktsutiun party and the Bolsheviks"''}}</ref> on one side and Azerbaijani ] Party on another, the events led to a suppression of Muslim revolt<ref name="Cavendish">{{cite book |title=World and Its Peoples: The Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2006 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |location= |isbn=0-7614-7571-0 |page=786 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=j894miuOqc4C&pg=PA786 |accessdate= |quote=''Muslims in Baku revolted in March 1918, but their uprising was suppressed by the city's Armenians''}}</ref> by Bolshevik and Dashnak forces<ref name="blackgarden100">{{cite book |title=Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war |last=De Waal |first=Thomas |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2003 |publisher=NYU Press |location= |isbn=0-8147-1945-7 |page=100 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=pletup86PMQC&pg=PA100 |accessdate= |quote=''When in March 1918, Azerbaijanis revolted against the Baku Commune, Armenian Dashnaks and Bolshevik troops poured into the Azerbaijani quarters of the city and slaughtered thousands''}}</ref><ref name="suny42">{{cite book |title=The revenge of the past:nationalism, revolution, and the collapse of the Soviet Union |last=Suny |first=Ronald Grigor |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1993 |publisher=Stanford University Press |location= |isbn=0-8047-2247-1 |pages=42 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-4efW7SvG0YC&pg=PA42 |quote=''After crushing a Muslim revolt in the city, the Bolshevik-led government, with its small Red Guard, was forced to rely on Armenian troops led by Dashnak officers''}}</ref> and establishment of a short-lived ] in April 1918.<ref>{{cite book |title=Reformers and revolutionaries in modern Iran: new perspectives on the Iranian left |last=Cronin |first=Stephanie |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |location= |isbn=0-415-33128-5 |page=91 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=P2pGzBICVC4C&pg=PA91 |accessdate= |quote=''After the 'March Days', the Bolsheviks finally came to power and established their famous Baku Commune in April 1918''}}</ref> | |||
| | location = ] | |||
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| | type = ] | |||
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| }} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| The '''Quba mass grave''' is a ] site from 1918 in the town of ] in northeastern ]. | |||
| ==Investigation== | ==Investigation== | ||
| {{Bias-section|date=November 2020}} | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| Once the burial site was uncovered, |
Once the burial site was uncovered, the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the ] dispatched a forensic expedition to the location. The expedition released its first forensics report on April 13, 2007, stating that the preponderance of commingled skeletal remains suggests that the people were first executed and then thrown into wells, 2.5 to 5 meters deep.<ref name="echo">{{cite news | url=http://echo.az/index.php?aid=135 | title=Б. Сафаров. Установить всех жертв поименно не удастся | publisher=Эхо | access-date=June 9, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815104959/http://echo.az/index.php?aid=135 | archive-date=August 15, 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Gahraman Agayev, the leader of the forensic expedition, followed up on this by reporting the discovery of two main wells and two canals with human bones. | ||
| The research has discovered the remains of more than 400 people belonging to different age groups in the grave. Of these, 50 belong to children, more than 100 to women and others mainly to elderly men. The Azerbaijani government stated that the burial was from a massacre committed against the local population by Armenian gangs in 1918.<ref>{{Citation | title=Ilham Aliyev attended the opening of the Guba genocide memorial |website=Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic | url=https://president.az/en/articles/view/9346 | access-date=1 January 2023}}</ref> | |||
| Gahraman Agayev, the leader of the forensic expedition, reported that two main wells and two canals with human bones were uncovered. The finds indicate that 24 skulls were of children, 28 were of women of various ages. Besides ethnic Azerbaijanis, there were also Jews and ]s.<ref name="echo"/> The names of 81 massacred Jewish civilians were found and confirmed.<ref name="vision">{{cite news | url=http://www.visions.az/topical,138/ | title = Mass Grave Found in Northern Azerbaijan | publisher = Visions | date = Spring 2007 | accessdate = June 9, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| Members of the Diplomatic Academy of Germany<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.day.az/society/158458.html | title=Сотрудники и студенты Дипломатической академии Германии посетили массовое захоронение в Губе | publisher = Day.az | date= May 23, 2009 | accessdate = June 9, 2011}}</ref> and a Kuwaiti government delegation<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.oananews.org/view.php?id=109320&ch=AST | title= KUWAITI DELEGATION VISITS GUBA MASS GRAVE | publisher = Oananews | date = April 15, 2010 | accessdate= June 9, 2011}}</ref> have visited the site. | |||
| ==Reactions== | ==Reactions== | ||
| ⚫ | In response to the mass grave discovery, Levon Yepiskoposyan, supervisor of Human Genetics at the Institute of Molecular Biology in the Armenian National Academy of Sciences and president of the Armenian Anthropological Society, and Hayk Kotanjian, President of the Association of Political Science at the Ministry Doctor of Political Sciences, sent letters urging the President of the ], Mahmud Kerimov, to form a joint committee to examine the remains found. As of 2013, those letters have not received a response from Azerbaijani officials.<ref>{{cite news|script-title=ru:Армянские политологи против политики ксенофобии Ильхама Алиева: кто же захоронен в Губе?|url=http://regnum.ru/news/polit/1589098.html|access-date=1 June 2013|date=2 November 2012|agency=]|language=ru}}</ref> | ||
| ] groups such as Center for Human Rights Development (CHRD) along with other civilian groups initiated a campaign and demanded from ] to arrest the murderers.<ref name="Card">Card, Claudia (1996). "Rape as a Weapon of War." ''Women and Violence'', 11(4): 5–18</ref> CHRD lawyer Thomas Weiss was instrumental in participating in legal proceedings against the suspects and also met and interviewed the relatives of the victims to collect more information.<ref name=Daruvalla>{{cite news| url=http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901020429-232505,00.html|title=Anatomy of a Massacre|work=TIME Magazine |author=Daruvalla, Abi.|accessdate=20 July 2006|date=21 April 2002}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==Legacy== | |||
| Construction of a museum at the site of the mass grave is being planned. An initial amount of 1 million ] (AZN) will be allocated for the construction.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://en.trend.az/news/official/parliament/1578784.html | title= Genocide Museum to be built in Guba |publisher= Trend News | date= November 12, 2009 |accessdate= June 9, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.news.az/articles/2320 | title= Museum to be constructed in place of Guba mass grave | publisher= news.az | date= November 12, 2009 |accessdate= June 9, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ], the director of the ], has stated that no foreign experts have examined the human remains.<ref>{{cite news|last=Demoyan|first=Hayk|script-title=ru:Когда Губа не дура, или особенности национального геноцидостроения а Азербайджане|url=http://www.erbo.su/history/azerbaidjan/83_kogda_guba_ne_dura.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507030643/http://erbo.su/history/azerbaidjan/83_kogda_guba_ne_dura.html|archive-date=7 May 2016|access-date=1 June 2013|newspaper=Golos Armenii|date=14 September 2010|agency=Hayk Demoyan|language=ru}}</ref> | ||
| == See also == | |||
| {{Portalbox|Azerbaijan}} | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| == |
==References== | ||
| {{reflist |
{{reflist}} | ||
| == |
==External links== | ||
| {{Commons category}} | {{Commons category}} | ||
| * | * | ||
| * | * | ||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| {{Anti-Azerbaijanism}} | |||
| {{coord|41|21|40|N|48|29|30|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}} | {{coord|41|21|40|N|48|29|30|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-ruwiki|display=title}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:27, 7 January 2025
| Quba mass grave | |
|---|---|
| Quba kütləvi məzarlığı | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Location | Quba |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Type | Mass grave |
The Quba mass grave is a mass grave site from 1918 in the town of Quba in northeastern Azerbaijan.
Investigation
 | The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (November 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Once the burial site was uncovered, the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences dispatched a forensic expedition to the location. The expedition released its first forensics report on April 13, 2007, stating that the preponderance of commingled skeletal remains suggests that the people were first executed and then thrown into wells, 2.5 to 5 meters deep. Gahraman Agayev, the leader of the forensic expedition, followed up on this by reporting the discovery of two main wells and two canals with human bones. The research has discovered the remains of more than 400 people belonging to different age groups in the grave. Of these, 50 belong to children, more than 100 to women and others mainly to elderly men. The Azerbaijani government stated that the burial was from a massacre committed against the local population by Armenian gangs in 1918.
Reactions
In response to the mass grave discovery, Levon Yepiskoposyan, supervisor of Human Genetics at the Institute of Molecular Biology in the Armenian National Academy of Sciences and president of the Armenian Anthropological Society, and Hayk Kotanjian, President of the Association of Political Science at the Ministry Doctor of Political Sciences, sent letters urging the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Mahmud Kerimov, to form a joint committee to examine the remains found. As of 2013, those letters have not received a response from Azerbaijani officials.
Hayk Demoyan, the director of the Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute, has stated that no foreign experts have examined the human remains.
References
- "Б. Сафаров. Установить всех жертв поименно не удастся". Эхо. Archived from the original on August 15, 2011. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
- "Ilham Aliyev attended the opening of the Guba genocide memorial", Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic, retrieved 1 January 2023
- Армянские политологи против политики ксенофобии Ильхама Алиева: кто же захоронен в Губе? (in Russian). Regnum. 2 November 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
- Demoyan, Hayk (14 September 2010). Когда Губа не дура, или особенности национального геноцидостроения а Азербайджане. Golos Armenii (in Russian). Hayk Demoyan. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
External links
| Anti-Azerbaijanism | |
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| Events |
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| See also | |
41°21′40″N 48°29′30″E / 41.36111°N 48.49167°E / 41.36111; 48.49167
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