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| ] is a classical dance form of India which has its origin in ], but is immensely popular in Karnataka as well]] | |||
| === History === | |||
| ],Bangalore.10th century AD.] temple, called the Chokkanathaswamy temple which is the oldest in the City<ref name=DeccanHerald>{{cite news|title=History Of the Temple|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp}}</ref> ]] | |||
| ] period structure, making it one among Bangalore’s oldest. The earliest record dates to 1247 AD.<ref>{{cite news|title=DeccanHerald|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/14855/tv-talk.html|newspaper=DeccanHerald}}</ref> ]] | |||
| ] | |||
| During the eleventh century AD, the areas in and around Bangalore were a bone of contention between the Tamil-speaking ] and the Kannada-speaking ]<ref>{{cite book|title=Landscapes of Urban Memeory: The Sacred and the Civic in India's High-tech City|isbn=8125022546|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=-JXDD0gcHgoC&pg=PA100#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> . | |||
| ===The Chokkanathaswamy temple Tamil Inscription === | |||
| ] | |||
| === Illaipakka Nadu (present day Yelahanka) === | |||
| Yelahanka is referred to as Illaipakka Nadu of Rajendra Solavala Nadu (Gangaikondachola) in the inscriptions<ref name=DeccanHerald>{{cite news|title=History Of the Temple|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp}}</ref>. | |||
| === Tombalur or Desimanikkapattanam(present day Domlur) === | |||
| Domlur itself is referred to as Tombalur and as Desimanikkapattanam in the inscriptions<ref name=DeccanHerald>{{cite news|title=History Of the Temple|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp}}</ref>. | |||
| The Chokkanathaswamy temple which is the oldest in the City. The temple stands on a high base and probably was in the centre of the locality and once a prominent structure.The Tamil inscriptions of Chakravarthi Posalaviraramanatha Deva are addressed to the authorities of all temples in his kingdom. One epigraphy says that all kinds of taxes, tributes and tolls of Sondekoppa village have been granted by Devaraya II of Vijayanagar to the temple. The wet and dry lands in Tombalur together with wells, trees, houses are granted to God Sokkapperumal<ref name=DeccanHerald>{{cite news|title=History Of the Temple|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp}}</ref>. | |||
| On the door frame dated about 1270 AD, it is written in Tamil that one Alagiyar donated the two door posts. Another Tamil inscription says, one Talaikkattu (maybe a general) and his wife donated as tax-free the temple property, for the God Tripurantaka Perumal, as also the dry and wet lands in the village of Jalapalli, the tank at Vinnamangalam and other lands below the big tank of Tombalur. The charge of the temple was given to Talai Sankurappachariyan<ref name=DeccanHerald>{{cite news|title=History Of the Temple|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp}}</ref>. | |||
| === The Chokkanathaswamy temple === | |||
| The Chokkanathaswamy temple is the oldest in the City and the inscriptions on the temple suggest it belongs to the Chola period. | |||
| Tucked in a bylane, not very far from the main Domlur Road is a quaint west-facing 10th century Chola temple, called the Chokkanathaswamy temple which is the oldest in the City. The temple stands on a high base and probably was in the centre of the locality and once a prominent structure. | |||
| === Saligrama stone === | |||
| The images of Vishnu or Sokka Perumal, his consorts Sri and Bhu in the garbhagriha, are carved from the saligrama stone from Gantikinadi (Nepal), the only place where the sacred stone is found. It was found that one of his consorts Bhudevi had a small chip off her nose. To correct this, the entire figure was scraped and the same was done to the other consort Sridevi too<ref name=DeccanHerald>{{cite news|title=History Of the Temple|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp}}</ref>. | |||
| === Tiruppavai === | |||
| Dhanur masa Tiruppavai are sung throughout the month<ref name=DeccanHerald>{{cite news|title=History Of the Temple|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/apr192004/metro9.asp}}</ref>. | |||
| === Old Madivala Someswhara temple Tamil inscriptions === | |||
| === ‘Veppur’ (modern-day Begur) === | |||
| The earliest record dates to 1247 AD and refers to lands donated “below the big tank of Vengalur” by a resident of ‘Veppur’ (modern-day Begur)<ref>{{cite news|title=DeccanHerald|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/14855/tv-talk.html|newspaper=DeccanHerald}}</ref>. | |||
| === Tamaraikkirai (present day Tavarekere) === | |||
| Tamaraikkirai (meaning ‘the banks of the lotus pond’ in Tamil). Epigraphy expert H S Gopala Rao, Secretary of the Karnataka Itihasa Academy, points out that this is the old name for what we today know as Tavarekere<ref>{{cite news|title=DeccanHerald|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/14855/tv-talk.html|newspaper=DeccanHerald}}</ref>. | |||
| === Old Madivala Someswhara temple === | |||
| ] | |||
| The stone temple is said to be a Chola period temple, making it one among Bangalore’s oldest. And there is ample proof of its antiquity. Large portions of its outer walls are covered with inscriptions in Tamil and Grantha (an old script used to write Sanskrit) characters, attesting to the temple’s age. The earliest record dates to 1247 AD.The temple underwent extensive renovations five years ago,the inscriptions were largely unharmed. The temple’s outer walls that carry the inscriptions and also idols of various gods including Ganesha, Durga and Vishnu, remain unaltered.Inside, apart from shiny new flooring, the garba griha and artha mantapa were untouched. These inner chambers still remain small and darkened spaces that encourage a personal and intimate communion with the Lord<ref>{{cite news|title=DeccanHerald|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/14855/tv-talk.html|newspaper=DeccanHerald}}</ref>. | |||
| Apart from four carved pillars, the artha mantapa has a large and elegantly proportioned granite Nandi facing the linga. Behind the Nandi, the eastern wall of the temple has a small opening that is directly in line with the linga<ref>{{cite news|title=DeccanHerald|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/14855/tv-talk.html|newspaper=DeccanHerald}}</ref>. | |||
| === Twin cities === | |||
| In the 19th century, Bangalore essentially became a ], with the "pētē", whose residents were predominantly ]s, and the "cantonment" created by the British, whose residents were predominantly ].<ref>{{cite book|page=50|url=http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf}}</ref> | |||
| === At Present days === | |||
| Today, the erstwhile Cantonment area of Bangalore comprising Ulsoor, Shivajinagar, Benson Town, Richard’s Town, Frazer Town, Austin Town, Richmond Town, Cox Town, Murphy Town and others still boast a large Tamil populace.Tamil-speaking people are largely found in the districts of ], ] | |||
| === Largest ethnolinguistic minority in Bangalore city === | |||
| In 1991, Tamils constituted the largest ethnolinguistic minority in Bangalore city making up 21.38% of the total population. | |||
| Today, Tamil speakers form an estimated 25-30 percent of the population of Bangalore city. | |||
| <ref>{{cite news|title=REUTERS|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/02/05/idUSDEL133372|newspaper=REUTERS|date=Mon Feb 5, 2007}}</ref> As of 1971, Tamil formed the second-largest mother tongue in ] .<ref name="indiacensus1971p669">{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1971|pages=668–669|author=P. Padmanabha|publisher=Manager of Publications|year=}}</ref> | |||
| === Hebbar Iyengar === | |||
| ] (which later became ]).]] | |||
| Hebbar ]s were formerly an endogamous group and constitute a part of the ] sub-caste of the ] Brahmins. They are traditionally followers of ] and ]. They hail primarily from ], ], ], ], and surrounding areas in southern ]. | |||
| The characteristic dialect of the Hebbar Iyengars is called ] and is a mixture of ], ] and ]. The group's primary mother tongue is Hebbar Tamil which is spoken in most Hebbar Iyengar households, though Kannada and English are increasingly taking its place. A peculiar characteristic of Iyengar Tamil (including Hebbar Tamil) is its retention of divine or holy food terminology. For example, Iyengar Tamil makes distinctions between potable ( and non-potable water (), the former considered sacred but both borrowed from Sanskrit. Standard Tamil exhibits only the generic term for 'water'. | |||
| === The Vaishnavite Brahmins === | |||
| ] | |||
| The Vaishnavite Brahmins of Southern Karnataka use the Tamil surname "Iyengar" and are believed to have migrated during the time of the 11th century Vaishnavite saint ]. Most Iyengars in Karnataka use sub-dialects of ]. | |||
| === Southern Karnataka === | |||
| Tamil-speaking people are largely found in the districts of ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] in southern Karnataka.In Karnataka, ] form 3.46% of the total population of the state<ref>{{cite web|url=]|year=2004|id=ISBN 8125022546, ISBN 9788125022541}}</ref> | |||
| === Kempe Gowda === | |||
| Some believe that ], the founder of Bangalore city, was a ] from ]. | |||
Latest revision as of 15:19, 29 September 2016
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