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			{{Short description\|Fort in India}}
	{{cleanup\|reason=where to begin?\|date=April 2013}}'''Prabalgad''' is a fort located between ] and ], visible from the Mumbai Pune expressway. The fort is located at an elevation of 2300 feet in the ]. It is located on a plateau very close to Matheran, but unlike Matheran Prabalgad fort does not have a good source of water supply. It was known as '''Muranjan''' until it was taken over and renamed by the Maratha forces under Shivaji's rule.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji\|author=Kamal Shrikrishna Gokhale\|publisher=Navakamal Publications\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=43gBAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref> The fort has a sister fort, ].
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2017}}
			{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2017}}
			{{Infobox military installation
			\| name = Prabalgad
			\| native_name = प्रबळगड
			\| partof = maharastra
			\| location = ], ]
			\| image = Prabal machi.jpg
			\| image_size = 300px
			\| caption = ] and Prabalgad
			\| pushpin_map =India Maharashtra#India
			\| pushpin_mapsize =300
			\| pushpin_map_caption =Shown within ]
			\| coordinates = {{coord\|18.9734\|73.2243\|type:landmark_region:IN-MH\|format=dms\|display=inline}}
			\| type = Hill fort
			\| code =
			\| height =
			\| ownership = Government of India
			\| controlledby = ] ] (1657) <br />{{flagicon\|India}} ] (1947-)
			}}

			'''Prabalgad''' (also known as '''Muranjan''', '''Pradhangad''' or '''Prabalmachi''') is a fort located between ] and ] and comes under the ] in the state of ], ].
	== History ==

			The Prabalgad Fort stands at an elevation of {{Convert\|2300\|feet}} in the ]. The fort was previously known as ''Muranjan'' until it was taken over and renamed by the ] forces under ]'s rule.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji\|author=Kamal Shrikrishna Gokhale\|year=1978\|publisher=Navakamal Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43gBAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Its sister fort is ].<ref name=Offbeat>{{cite book \| title=Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra \| publisher=Popular Prakashan \| author=Gunaji, Milind \| year=2010 \| pages=50–52 \| isbn=9788179915783}}</ref> Right next to Prabalgad, to its north, lies the steep ].
	Around 1458 Malik Ahmad, prime minister of the kingdom of Ahmednagar, took over the fort during his conquest of Konkan.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar\|author=Radhey Shyam\|isbn=978-81-208-2651-9\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC&source=gbs_navlinks_s\|page=28}}</ref> The fort was conquered by ] from ] in the year 1658.<ref name=mumbaimirror>{{cite web\|title=Prabalgad – Glory at its best\| author=Ambika Sharma\|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/127/200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0/Prabalgad-%E2%80%93-Glory-at-its-best.html}}</ref> After establishing himself in ]-] area, Shivaji's forces attacked the fort then governed by ], a Mughal sardar.<ref>{{cite book\| title= About this book Shivaji and the Maratha art of war\|author=Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari\|publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal\|page=61\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iF8MAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref> On seeing the signs of defeat Kesar Singh along with all the ladies in the fort committed suicide to save themselves from being dishonoured in the hands of enemy. In spite of Kesar Singh's orders, his mother hid herself and her grandchild. Shivaji in an act of kindness made sure the lady and the child were allowed a safe passage out.<ref name=mumbaimirror/>

	In the year 1826 ], a freedom fighter, and his associates are believed to have made this as their home for a brief period of time.

	==Geographical Location of Fort==

	{{Multiple issues\|section=yes\|
	{{manual\|section\|date=March 2013}}
	{{Underlinked\|section\|date=March 2013}}
	}}

	Fort Muranjan or Prabalgad, as well as Kalavantin Durg, can be seen from the Mumbai-Pune Expressway. On the east side of the fort you will find the Ulahas River, and Matheran, on the west side the Gadhi River, Chanderi and Peb forts, and the city of Mumbai; on the south side the Patalganga river, and Manikgad and on the north side, the Karnala fort. You can experience the twinkling lights of Mumbai city, Rasayani, Panvel and nearby areas from the height.

	== History ==		== History ==

			The Prabalgad Fort was built by the ] to keep an eye on the ] and the ] in the North Konkan area.{{citation needed\|date=September 2019}} Around 1458 A.D, "Malik Ahmad" the prime minister of the kingdom of Ahmednagar, took over the fort during his conquest of Konkan.<ref>{{cite book\|title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar\|author=Radhey Shyam\|year=1966\|isbn=978-81-208-2651-9\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC\|page=28}}</ref>{{failed verification\|date=September 2019}} After disintegration of the ], the fort remained with the ].
	{{Multiple issues\|section=yes\|

			During the collapse of the ], ] led a helping hand against the separate forces of the ] and the ]. After the collapse of the Sultanate, he moved to Muranjan along with his wife ] and son ] for a brief period of time.
	{{manual\|section\|date=March 2013}}
	{{Underlinked\|section\|date=March 2013}}
	}}

			However, following ]'s defeat and the agreement of ], North Konkan along with the fort, was ceded to Mughals who granted ruling authority of the area to Adilshah of ].<ref>{{cite book \| title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies, Volumes 7-9 \| publisher=Institute of Historical Studies \| year=1968 \| pages=187}}</ref> Shivaji conquered the fort from the Mughals in 1657 A.D, after which he established himself in the ]-] area.<ref name="new history">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXEfAAAAIAAJ&q=Prabalgad \| title=New History of the Marathas: Shivaji and his line (1600-1707) \| publisher=Phoenix Publications \| author=Govind Sakharam Sardesai \| year=1957 \| pages=115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2um1AAAAIAAJ&q=Prabalgad \| title=Life of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire, Volume 1 \| publisher=Sunita Publications \| author=Nilkant Sadashiv Takakhav, Kr̥shṇarāva Arjuna Keḷūsakara \| year=1985 \| pages=226–227}}</ref>
	PrabalGad (fort):

			During the attack by Shivaji, the fort was governed by "Kesar Singh", a Mughal sardar, and was the only fort to put up a strong resistance. Singh died during the battle in October 1657.<ref name="new history"/><ref>{{cite book\| title= Shivaji and the Maratha art of war\|author=Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari\|year=1973\|publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal\|page=61\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF8MAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Kesar Singh's mother hid herself and her grandchild during the attack. Shivaji, in an act of kindness made sure the lady and the child were allowed a safe passage out.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot \| publisher=Orient Longmans \| author=V. B. Kulkarni \| year=1963 \| pages=46}}</ref><ref name=mumbaimirror>{{cite web\|title=Prabalgad – Glory at its best\|author=Ambika Sharma\|url=http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip&sectid=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130924144107/http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip&sectid=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0\|archive-date=24 September 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

			In the year 1826, ], a freedom fighter and his associates were believed to have made the fort as their home for a brief period of time. {{citation needed\|date=July 2017}}
	This fort was built to keep an eye on the ancient ports of Panvel and Kalyan situated in North Konkan. From the study of the caves in this fort it is estimated that it belongs to the time of Buddha. The Shilahar and Yadav dynasties made it an army camp (because of the strong man-made caves carved into this fort) and named it ‘Muranjan’. It was built at the time of the Bahamani Empire. Afterwards it came under the Nizam Shahi dynasty of Ahmednagar. When the Nizam Shahi dynasty was on the verge of collapse, Shahaji Raje came to their support. However, the Mughal emperor Shahajehan and Adil Shah of Bijapur both sent their armies separately to defeat Shahaji. When Shahaji came to know this, he moved his army to Fort Kondhana and Fort Murumbdev. He then requested help against the Mughal and Adilshahi forces from Siddhis of Janjira, but was refused. So Shahaji tried to get help from the Portuguese in the city of Chaul, but failed again. Finally Shahaji, with his wife Jijabai and son young Shivaji moved on Muranjan fort along with the army. Later in 1636 Shivaji left Muranjan fort. In the same year the Agreement of Mahuli was made according to which the North Konkan came under the Mughal Empire, which granted authority to Adilshaha of Vijapur to rule the area in return for tribute. Shivaji used this opportunity to defeat More of Javli and capture the Javli area. At the same time a brave Sardar of Shivaji, Abaji Mahadev won the area of Kalyan, Bhiwandi and Rayri. At that time Fort Muranjan came under Swarajya of Shivaji. Shivaji changed the name of this fort from “Muranjan" to "Prabalgad" (Prabal means "strong"). In 1665, according to the Treaty of Purandar, Prabalgad was one of the twenty-three forts which were handed over to the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Sardar Jaysingh placed a Rajput named Kesarsingh Hada in charge of the Fort Prabalgad. In 1658, the Marathas under Shivaji re-took the fort once again. The Mughal Sardar Kesar Singh committed suicide realising that defeat was imminent. The Rajput ladies in the fort committed Jauhar (self-immolation) to escape dishonour. The mother and son of Kesar Singh who had hidden themselves in the fort were granted freedom by the order of Shivaji. In the search of the fort a great amount of wealth was found.

			== Geography ==
	'''Prabalgad Bhatkanti:'''

			Prabalgad lies on the Prabal plateau between Matheran and Panvel and can be easily spotted from the Mumbai-Pune expressway. The ] runs to the east of the fort while the "Gadhi River" runs to the west. The ] is to the south.
	The flat top area of the fort is covered by dense forest. There is a Ganesh Temple at the top. There are also some scenic ruins of old buildings and a few water tanks. In order to explore them you will need a local guide. The British Government wanted to develop Prabalgad as a hill station like Matheran but were thwarted in this plan because of the lack of water which, though sufficient for the existing residents, would not have met the requirements of the British. Because of the dense forest it is not always easy to find the paths, but if you persevere and reach the top of the fort you will be rewarded with a panoramic view of the of different points of Matheran, the neighbouring hill-station.

			The forts of Chanderi and Peb are to the west. The Manikgad Fort is to the south while the ] is located towards the north.
	'''Kalavantin Durg (Fort):'''

			] is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.<ref name="Kapadia2004">{{cite book\|author=Harish Kapadia\|title=Trek the Sahyadris\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&pg=PA58\|date=1 March 2004\|publisher=Indus Publishing\|isbn=978-81-7387-151-1\|pages=57–58}}</ref>
	This fort is just opposite to Prabalgad. It is also visible from Mumbai-Pune Expressway. According to stories, the fort was built for a queen named Kalavantin. Steps leading up to the fort have been cut into the rock face of the hill. From the peak of this hill you can see Matheran, Chanderi, Peb, Ershal, and Karnala forts, and also the Mumbai city. The Adivasi People of Machi-Prabal village observe the custom of dancing on every Holi (Shimga) Festival at the top of Kalavantin Fort. These people have a long-standing relationship with this fort and it has become a part of their heritage.

			===Climate===
	'''How to Reach the Fort:'''
			Prabalgad has a ] (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September with moderately heavy showers in October.
			{{Weather box
			\|width = auto
			\| location = Prabalgad
			\| metric first = Yes
			\| single line = Yes
			\| Jan high C = 27.9
			\| Feb high C = 28.9
			\| Mar high C = 31.2
			\| Apr high C = 32.8
			\| May high C = 32.9
			\| Jun high C = 30.0
			\| Jul high C = 27.1
			\| Aug high C = 26.9
			\| Sep high C = 27.7
			\| Oct high C = 30.2
			\| Nov high C = 29.8
			\| Dec high C = 28.8

			\| Jan mean C = 21.5
	This fort is visible from Mumbai-Pune Expressway. There is a path to the fort from Shedung village which is at the point where the Kalamboli-Mumbai bypass road meets the Mumbai-Pune highway. Six-seater Minidor auto-rickshaws are available from Gandhi Hospital and Old Panvel to Thakurwadi. Another choice is to catch the hourly State-Transport bus at the Panvel Bus Depot. The bus fare from Panvel to Thakurwadi is Rs. 14 per person. Thakurwadi is the terminal stop of this bus, and from Thakurwadi onwards you can complete your journey to the fort on foot.
			\| Feb mean C = 22.3
			\| Mar mean C = 25.0
			\| Apr mean C = 27.3
			\| May mean C = 28.3
			\| Jun mean C = 26.7
			\| Jul mean C = 24.8
			\| Aug mean C = 24.4
			\| Sep mean C = 24.6
			\| Oct mean C = 25.5
			\| Nov mean C = 23.9
			\| Dec mean C = 22.3
			\| year mean C =
			\| Jan low C = 15.1
			\| Feb low C = 15.8
			\| Mar low C = 18.9
			\| Apr low C = 21.8
			\| May low C = 23.7
			\| Jun low C = 23.4
			\| Jul low C = 22.5
			\| Aug low C = 22.0
			\| Sep low C = 21.6
			\| Oct low C = 20.9
			\| Nov low C = 18.1
			\| Dec low C = 15.8
			\|precipitation colour= green
			\|Jan precipitation mm=0
			\|Feb precipitation mm=0
			\|Mar precipitation mm=0
			\|Apr precipitation mm=5
			\|May precipitation mm=23
			\|Jun precipitation mm=694
			\|Jul precipitation mm=1983
			\|Aug precipitation mm=1357
			\|Sep precipitation mm=584
			\|Oct precipitation mm=119
			\|Nov precipitation mm=14
			\|Dec precipitation mm=3
			\|source 1 = <ref>{{Cite web\|title=Prabalgad Machi climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Prabalgad Machi weather averages - Climate-Data.org\|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/maharashtra/prabalgad-machi-527203/\|access-date=2021-12-25\|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref>
			}}

	== References ==		== References ==
Line 47:		Line 112:

	{{Forts in Maharashtra}}		{{Forts in Maharashtra}}

	]
			]

Latest revision as of 14:57, 13 December 2024

Fort in India

Prabalgad
प्रबळगड
Part of maharastra
Raigad District, Maharashtra
Kalavantin Durg and Prabalgad
PrabalgadShown within MaharashtraShow map of MaharashtraPrabalgadPrabalgad (India)Show map of India
Coordinates	18°58′24″N 73°13′27″E / 18.9734°N 73.2243°E / 18.9734; 73.2243
Type	Hill fort
Site information
Owner	Government of India
Controlled by	Maratha Empire (1657) Government of India (1947-)

Prabalgad (also known as Muranjan, Pradhangad or Prabalmachi) is a fort located between Matheran and Panvel and comes under the Raigad District in the state of Maharashtra, India.

The Prabalgad Fort stands at an elevation of 2,300 feet (700 m) in the Western Ghats. The fort was previously known as Muranjan until it was taken over and renamed by the Maratha forces under Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj's rule. Its sister fort is Irshalgad. Right next to Prabalgad, to its north, lies the steep Kalavantin pinnacle.

History

The Prabalgad Fort was built by the Bahmani Sultanate to keep an eye on the Panvel Fort and the Kalyan Fort in the North Konkan area. Around 1458 A.D, "Malik Ahmad" the prime minister of the kingdom of Ahmednagar, took over the fort during his conquest of Konkan. After disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate, the fort remained with the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.

During the collapse of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, Shahaji led a helping hand against the separate forces of the Mughal Empire and the Adil Shahi dynasty. After the collapse of the Sultanate, he moved to Muranjan along with his wife Jijabai and son Shivaji for a brief period of time.

However, following Shahaji's defeat and the agreement of Mahuli, North Konkan along with the fort, was ceded to Mughals who granted ruling authority of the area to Adilshah of Bijapur. Shivaji conquered the fort from the Mughals in 1657 A.D, after which he established himself in the Kalyan-Bhivandi area.

During the attack by Shivaji, the fort was governed by "Kesar Singh", a Mughal sardar, and was the only fort to put up a strong resistance. Singh died during the battle in October 1657. Kesar Singh's mother hid herself and her grandchild during the attack. Shivaji, in an act of kindness made sure the lady and the child were allowed a safe passage out.

In the year 1826, Umaji Naik, a freedom fighter and his associates were believed to have made the fort as their home for a brief period of time.

Geography

Prabalgad lies on the Prabal plateau between Matheran and Panvel and can be easily spotted from the Mumbai-Pune expressway. The Ulhas River runs to the east of the fort while the "Gadhi River" runs to the west. The Patalganga River is to the south.

The forts of Chanderi and Peb are to the west. The Manikgad Fort is to the south while the Karnala fort is located towards the north.

Kalavantin Durg is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.

Climate

Prabalgad has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September with moderately heavy showers in October.

Climate data for Prabalgad
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	27.9 (82.2)	28.9 (84.0)	31.2 (88.2)	32.8 (91.0)	32.9 (91.2)	30.0 (86.0)	27.1 (80.8)	26.9 (80.4)	27.7 (81.9)	30.2 (86.4)	29.8 (85.6)	28.8 (83.8)	29.5 (85.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)	21.5 (70.7)	22.3 (72.1)	25.0 (77.0)	27.3 (81.1)	28.3 (82.9)	26.7 (80.1)	24.8 (76.6)	24.4 (75.9)	24.6 (76.3)	25.5 (77.9)	23.9 (75.0)	22.3 (72.1)	24.7 (76.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	15.1 (59.2)	15.8 (60.4)	18.9 (66.0)	21.8 (71.2)	23.7 (74.7)	23.4 (74.1)	22.5 (72.5)	22.0 (71.6)	21.6 (70.9)	20.9 (69.6)	18.1 (64.6)	15.8 (60.4)	20.0 (67.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	5 (0.2)	23 (0.9)	694 (27.3)	1,983 (78.1)	1,357 (53.4)	584 (23.0)	119 (4.7)	14 (0.6)	3 (0.1)	4,782 (188.3)
Source:

References

Kamal Shrikrishna Gokhale (1978). Chhatrapati Sambhaji. Navakamal Publications.
Gunaji, Milind (2010). Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra. Popular Prakashan. pp. 50–52. ISBN 9788179915783.
Radhey Shyam (1966). The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. p. 28. ISBN 978-81-208-2651-9.
The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies, Volumes 7-9. Institute of Historical Studies. 1968. p. 187.
^ Govind Sakharam Sardesai (1957). New History of the Marathas: Shivaji and his line (1600-1707). Phoenix Publications. p. 115.
Nilkant Sadashiv Takakhav, Kr̥shṇarāva Arjuna Keḷūsakara (1985). Life of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire, Volume 1. Sunita Publications. pp. 226–227.
Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari (1973). Shivaji and the Maratha art of war. Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal. p. 61.
V. B. Kulkarni (1963). Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot. Orient Longmans. p. 46.
Ambika Sharma. "Prabalgad – Glory at its best". Archived from the original on 24 September 2013.
Harish Kapadia (1 March 2004). Trek the Sahyadris. Indus Publishing. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-81-7387-151-1.
"Prabalgad Machi climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Prabalgad Machi weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 25 December 2021.

18°58′16″N 73°13′31″E / 18.971193°N 73.225293°E / 18.971193; 73.225293

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Category:

Forts in Raigad district