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			{{Short description|1994 multi-role combat aircraft family by Eurofighter}}
	: ''"EF2000" redirects here. For the computer game named EF2000, see ]. For the computer game named Eurofighter Typhoon, see ].''
			{{redirect2|EF2000|Eurofighter||Eurofighter (disambiguation)}}
	{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
			{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
	|name= Eurofighter Typhoon
			{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
	|image= RSAF Typhoon at Malta - Gordon Zammit.jpg
			{{Infobox aircraft
	|caption= A Eurofighter Typhoon of the ] over ] in 2010
			| name = Eurofighter Typhoon
	}}{{Infobox aircraft type
			| image = File:RAF Eurofighter EF-2000 Typhoon F2 Lofting-1.jpg
	|type= ]
			| logo =
	|manufacturer= ]
			| image_caption = ] Typhoon F2 flying through the ] in ], ].
	|designer=
			| aircraft_type = ], ]
	|first flight= 27 March 1994<ref name="maiden"/>
			| national_origin = Multinational<!-- Use the main nation (e.g. UK), not constituent country (England); don't use "EU". List collaborative programs of only 2 or 3 nations; for more than 3, use "Multi-national" per ] and ] guidelines. -->
	|introduced= 4 August 2003
			| manufacturer = ]
	|produced= 1994–present
			| designer =
	|retired=
			| first_flight = 27 March 1994<ref name="maiden" />
	|number built= 355 as of March 2013<ref> ''eurofighter.com,'' 26 March 2013. Retrieved: 3 April 2013.</ref> <br>571 ordered (as of January 2013)
			| introduction = 4 August 2003
	|primary user= ]<!--on basis UK has ordered most-->
			| produced = 1994–present
	|more users= ]<br>] <br>]<!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br>.--> <br>See '']'' below for others
			| retired =
	|status= In service
			| number_built = 592 as of November 2023<ref name="orders&deliveries">{{cite web |title=Orders, Deliveries, In Operation Military aircraft by Country - Worldwide |url=https://www.airbus.com/sites/g/files/jlcbta136/files/2023-12/2023-11_MRS_GEN_Ord-Deliv%20by%20country.pdf |website=Airbus |access-date=4 February 2024}}</ref>
	|unit cost= £64.8 million (] 1 & 2)<ref>. Armed Forces (2006-01-13). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref>€90&nbsp;million (system cost Tranche 3A)<ref name="kunden" /><br>£125m (including development + production costs)<ref> ''National Audit Office, United Kingdom,'' March 2011.</ref>
			| primary_user = ]<!-- The UK has the most in service -->
	|developed from= ]
			| more_users = ] <br />] <br />]<!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br />. --> <br />See '']'' below for others
	|variants with their own articles= ]
			| status = In service
			| developed_from = ]
			| variants = ]
	}}		}}
	|}
	The '''Eurofighter Typhoon''' is a ], ]-], ].<ref> ''eurofighter.com.'' Retrieved: 31 January 2012.</ref><ref></ref> The Typhoon was designed and is manufactured by a ] of three companies; ], ] and ], who conduct the majority of affairs dealing with the project through a joint holding company, ], which was formed in 1986. The ] is managed by the ], which also acts as the prime customer.<ref> ''Jane's Information Group'', 2007. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>		The '''Eurofighter Typhoon''' is a European multinational ], ], ] ], ].<ref name="firstline" /><ref name="first2" /> The Typhoon was designed originally as an ]<ref name="first3" /> and is manufactured by a ] of ], ] and ] that conducts the majority of the project through a joint ], ]. The ], representing the UK, Germany, Italy and Spain, manages the project and is the prime customer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-31 |title=Eurofighter partners sign nine billion euro deal |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20090731-eurofighter-partners-sign-nine-billion-euro-deal- |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>
	Development of the aircraft effectively began in 1983 with the ''Future European Fighter Aircraft'' programme, a multinational collaborative effort between Germany, France, UK, Italy and Spain. Due to disagreements over design authority and operational requirements, France left the consortium to independently develop the ] instead. A technology demonstration aircraft, the ], first took flight on 6 August 1986; the first prototype of the finalised Eurofighter made its first flight on 27 March 1994. The name of the aircraft, Typhoon, was formally adopted in September 1998; the first production contracts were signed that same year.		The aircraft's development effectively began in 1983 with the Future European Fighter Aircraft programme, a multinational collaboration among the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Previously, Germany, Italy and the UK had jointly developed and deployed the ] combat aircraft and desired to collaborate on a new project, with additional participating EU nations. However disagreements over design authority and operational requirements led France to leave the consortium to develop the ] independently. A technology demonstration aircraft, the ], first flew on 6 August 1986; a Eurofighter prototype made its maiden flight on 27 March 1994. The aircraft's name, Typhoon, was adopted in September 1998 and the first production contracts were also signed that year.
	Political issues in the partner nations significantly protracted the Typhoon's development; the sudden end of the ] reduced European demand for fighter aircraft, and there was debate over the cost and work share of the Eurofighter. The Typhoon was introduced into operational service in 2003. Currently, the type has entered service with the ], the ], the ], the ], the ], and the ]. The ] has also been confirmed as an export customer, bringing the procurement total to 571 aircraft {{as of|2013|lc=yes}}.		The sudden end of the ] reduced European demand for fighter aircraft and led to debate over the aircraft's cost and work share{{what?|date=August 2024}} and protracted the Typhoon's development: the Typhoon entered operational service in 2003 and is now in service with the air forces of ], ], ], the ], ], ] and ]. ] and ] have also ordered the aircraft, bringing the procurement total to 680 aircraft {{as of|2023|11|lc=yes}}.<ref name="orders&deliveries" />
	The Eurofighter Typhoon is a highly agile aircraft, designed to be an effective ]er when in combat with other aircraft; later production aircraft have been increasingly more well-equipped to undertake air-to-surface strike missions and to be compatible with an increasing number of different armaments and equipment. The Typhoon saw its combat debut during the ] with the Royal Air Force and the Italian Air Force, performing ] and ] missions. The type has also taken primary responsibility for air defense duties for the majority of customer nations.		The Eurofighter Typhoon is a highly agile aircraft, designed to be an effective ]er in combat.<ref name="JDW" /> Later production aircraft have been increasingly better equipped to undertake air-to-surface strike missions and to be compatible with an increasing number of different armaments and equipment, including ], ] and ] missiles. The Typhoon had its combat debut during the ] with the UK's Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Italian Air Force, performing ] and ] missions. The type has also taken primary responsibility for air-defence duties for the majority of customer nations.
	{{TOC limit|limit=2}}		{{TOC limit|limit=3}}
	==Development==		==Development==
			{{For timeline|Timeline of the Eurofighter Typhoon}}
	===Origins===		===Origins===
	{{Further|British Aerospace EAP}}		{{Further|British Aerospace EAP}}
			In the UK, as early as 1971, work commenced on the development of a manoeuvrable, tactical aircraft to replace the ] (that was then about to enter service with the RAF). This work soon expanded to include an ] capability. A specification titled ''Air Staff Target 403'' (AST 403), in 1972, led to the ], an unbuilt design with a relatively conventional ], including a separate tail structure, in the late 1970s.
	]
			Simultaneously, in ], the requirement for a new fighter had resulted in competition between ], ] and ] (MBB) for a future ''Luftwaffe'' contract known as ''Taktisches Kampfflugzeug 90'' ("Tactical Combat Aircraft 90"; TKF-90).<ref>Buttler 2000, pp. 131–34.</ref> Dornier collaborated with Northrop in the US on an acclaimed, but unsuccessful design, known as the {{ill|Northrop-Dornier ND-102|de|vertical-align=sup}}. MBB was successful, with a design including a ], close-coupled-], and artificial stability.
	The UK had identified a requirement for a new fighter as early as 1971. The AST 403 specification, issued by the ] in 1972, resulted in the P.96 conventional "tailed" design, which was presented in the late 1970s. While the design would have met the Air Staff's requirements, the UK air industry had reservations as it appeared to be very similar to the ], which was then well advanced in its development. The P.96 design had little potential for future growth, and when it entered production it would secure few exports in a market in which the Hornet would be well established.<ref name="Boot">Boot 1990, pp. 229–233.</ref> However, the simultaneous West German requirement for a new fighter had led by 1979 to the development of the TKF-90 concept.<ref name="butler">Buttler 2000, pp. 131–134.</ref><ref name="efcuk"/> This was a ] design with forward ] and artificial stability. Although the British Aerospace designers rejected some of its advanced features such as vectoring engine nozzles and vented trailing-edge controls<ref>. Dailymail.co.uk (2010-10-07). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref> (a form of ]), they agreed with the overall configuration.
	In 1979, ] (MBB) and ] (BAe) presented a formal proposal to their respective governments for the ECF, the European Collaborative Fighter<ref name="butl2">Buttler 1990, p. 134.</ref> or ''European Combat Fighter''.<ref name="efcuk"> ''militaryfactory.com''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> In October 1979 ] joined the ECF team for a tri-national study, which became known as the ''European Combat Aircraft''.<ref name="butl2"/> It was at this stage of development that the Eurofighter name was first attached to the aircraft.<ref name="butler3">Butler 2000, p. 135.</ref> The development of different national prototypes continued. France produced the ACX. The UK produced two designs; the P.106{{#tag:ref|The P.106 was in actuality, the P.106B. The P.106A was a single-engined version of the original P.96.<ref>Boot 1990, pp. 79–82.</ref> |group=N}}was a single-engined "lightweight" fighter, superficially resembling the ], the P.110 was a twin-engined fighter. The P.106 concept was rejected by the RAF, on the grounds that it had "half the effectiveness of the two-engined aircraft at two thirds of the cost".<ref name="Boot"/> West Germany continued to refine the TKF-90 concept.<ref name="efcuk"/> The ECA project collapsed in 1981 for several reasons including differing requirements, Dassault's insistence on "design leadership" and the British preference for a new version of the ] to power the aircraft versus the French preference for the new ].<ref name="butler3"/>		In 1979, MBB and ] (BAe) presented a formal proposal to their respective governments for a collaboration, to be known as the European Collaborative Fighter,<ref name="butl2" /> or ''European Combat Fighter'' (ECF). In October 1979, French firm ] joined the ECF project.<ref name="butl2" /> It was at this stage of development the Eurofighter name was first attached to the aircraft.<ref name="butler3" /> However, the development of three separate prototypes continued: MBB continued to refine its TKF-90 concept, and Dassault produced a design known as the ACX.
			In the meantime, while the P.96 would have met the original UK specification, it had been cancelled because it was considered to offer little potential for future upgrades and redevelopment. In addition, there was a feeling within the UK aircraft industry that the P.96 would have been too similar to the ], which was then known to be at an advanced stage of development. The P.96 would not have been available until long after the Hornet, which would therefore likely have met and closed off most potential export markets for the P.96.<ref name="Boot" /> BAe then produced two new proposals: the P.106B,{{refn|The P.106A was a single-engine version of the original P.96.<ref>Boot 1990, pp. 79–82.</ref> |group=N}} a single-engined ], superficially resembling the ], and the twin-engine P.110. The RAF rejected the P.106 concept on the grounds it had "half the effectiveness of the two-engined aircraft at two-thirds of the cost".<ref name="Boot" />
	Consequently the ] partners (MBB, BAe and ]) launched the ''Agile Combat Aircraft'' (ACA) programme in April 1982.<ref name="butler4">Buttler 2000, p. 137.</ref> The ACA was very similar to the BAe P.110, having a cranked delta wing, canards and a twin tail. One major external difference was the replacement of the side mounted engine intakes with a chin intake. The ACA was to be powered by a modified version of the RB199. The German and Italian governments withdrew funding, and the UK ] agreed to fund 50% of the cost with the remaining 50% to be provided by industry. MBB and Aeritalia signed up with the aim of producing two aircraft, one at ] and one by MBB. In May 1983, BAe announced a contract with the ] for the development and production of an ACA demonstrator, the ].<ref name="butler4"/><ref>Nicholls, Mark et al. ''Eurofighter''. Key Publishing "on behalf of Eurofighter GmbH", 2003. Retrieved: 23 May 2008.</ref>
			The ECF project collapsed in 1981 for several reasons, including differing requirements, Dassault's insistence on "design leadership" and the British preference for a new version of the ] to power the aircraft versus the French preference for the new ].<ref name="butler3" />
	In 1983, Germany, France, UK, Italy and Spain launched the "Future European Fighter Aircraft" (FEFA) programme. The aircraft was to have ] (STOL) and beyond visual range (BVR) capabilities. In 1984 France reiterated its requirement for a ] version and demanded a leading role. West Germany, UK and Italy opted out and established a new EFA programme.<ref name="efcuk"/> In ] on 2 August 1985, West Germany, UK and Italy agreed to go ahead with the Eurofighter; and confirmed that France, along with Spain, had chosen not to proceed as a member of the project.<ref>Lewis, Paul. "3 European Countries Plan Jet Fighter Project." '']'', 3 August 1985, p. 31.</ref> Despite pressure from France, Spain rejoined the Eurofighter project in early September 1985.<ref>"Eurofighter: Spain joins the club." ''The Economist'', 17 September 1985, p. 68.</ref> France officially withdrew from the project to pursue its own ACX project, which was to become the ].
			] ''ZF534'' (for "Experimental Aircraft Programme") at the ], 1986]]
	By 1986, the cost of the programme had reached ]180&nbsp;million.<ref name=FI> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 28 April 1986, p. 10.</ref> When the EAP programme had started, the cost was supposed to be equally shared by both government and industry, but the West German and Italian governments wavered on the agreement and the three main industrial partners had to provide £100&nbsp;million to keep the programme from ending. In April 1986, the BAe EAP was rolled out at BAe Warton, by this time also partially funded by MBB, BAe and Aeritalia.<ref name="FI"/> The EAP first flew on 6 August 1986.<ref>Fairhill, David. "Euro-fighter goes supersonic on maiden flight: First test flight of EAP aircraft in Lancashire." ''The Guardian'', 7 August 1986.</ref> The Eurofighter bears a strong resemblance to the EAP. Design work continued over the next five years using data from the EAP. Initial requirements were: UK: 250 aircraft, Germany: 250, Italy: 165 and Spain: 100. The share of the production work was divided among the countries in proportion to their projected procurement – ] (33%), ] (33%), ] (21%), and ] (CASA) (13%).
			Consequently, the ] partners (MBB, BAe and ]) launched the ''Agile Combat Aircraft'' (ACA) programme in April 1982.<ref name="butler4" /> BAe designers agreed with the overall configuration of the proposed MBB TKF-90, although they rejected some of its more ambitious features such as engine ]s and vented ] controls – a form of ].<ref name="Boot" /> The ACA, like the BAe P.110, had a cranked delta wing, canards and a twin tail. One major external difference was the replacement of the side-mounted engine intakes with a chin intake. The ACA was to be powered by a modified version of the RB199. The German and Italian governments withdrew funding, and the UK ] (MoD) agreed to fund 50% of the cost with the remaining 50% to be provided by industry. MBB and Aeritalia signed up and it was agreed that the aircraft would be produced at two sites: ] and an MBB factory in Germany. In May 1983, BAe announced a contract with the MoD for the development and production of an ACA demonstrator, the ].<ref name="butler4" /><ref name="KEY1" />
			In 1983, Italy, Germany, France, the UK and Spain launched the "Future European Fighter Aircraft" (FEFA) programme. The aircraft was to have ] (STOL) and beyond visual range (BVR) capabilities. In 1984, France reiterated its requirement for a ] version and demanded a leading role. Italy, West Germany and the UK opted out and established a new EFA programme. In ] on 2 August 1985, West Germany, the UK and Italy agreed to go ahead with the Eurofighter; and confirmed France, along with Spain, had chosen not to proceed as a member of the project.<ref name="LEWIS" /> Despite pressure from France, Spain rejoined the Eurofighter project in early September 1985.<ref name="SPAININ" /> France officially withdrew from the project to pursue its own ACX project, which was to become the ].
	] 2013.]]
	The Munich based ] was established in 1986 in order to manage development of the project<ref>Cowton, Rodney. "Eurofighter partners: West Germany, Britain, Italy and Spain." ''The Times'', 7 June 1986.</ref> and ], the alliance of ], ], FiatAvio (now ]) and ] for development of the ]. The aircraft was known as Eurofighter EFA from the late 1980s until it was renamed EF 2000 in 1992.<ref>Spick 2000, p. 438.</ref>
			By 1986, the programme's cost had reached ]180&nbsp;million.<ref name="FI" /> When the EAP programme had started, the cost was supposed to be equally shared by government and industry, but the West German and Italian governments wavered on the agreement and the British government and private finance had to provide £100&nbsp;million to keep the programme from ending. In April 1986, the ] was rolled out at BAe Warton. The EAP first flew on 6 August 1986.<ref name="FAIRH" /> The Eurofighter bears a strong resemblance to the EAP. Design work continued over the next five years using data from the EAP. Initial requirements were: UK: 250 aircraft, Germany: 250, Italy: 165 and Spain: 100.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nao.org.uk/pubsarchive/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2018/11/Ministry-of-Defence-Eurofighter-2000.pdf |title=NAO report (HC 724 1994/95): Ministry of Defence: Eurofighter 2000 |date= |website=] |access-date=2022-02-15}}</ref> The share of the production work was divided among the countries in proportion to their projected procurement – BAe (33%), ] (33%), Aeritalia (21%), and ] (CASA) (13%).
	By 1990, the selection of the aircraft's radar had become a major stumbling block. The UK, Italy and Spain supported the ]-led ], while Germany preferred the ] based MSD2000 (a collaboration between ], ] and ]). An agreement was reached after UK Defence Secretary ] assured his West German counterpart ] that the British government would approve the project and allow GEC to acquire Ferranti Defence Systems from its troubled parent. GEC thus withdrew its support for the MSD2000.<ref>Miller, Charles. "Radar Deal Keeps Britain in Forefront of Airborne Technology." ''The Press Association Ltd.'', May 1990.</ref>
			The Munich-based Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH was established in 1986 to manage development of the project<ref name="COWTON" /> and ], the alliance of ], ], FiatAvio (now ]) and ] for development of the ]. The aircraft was known as Eurofighter EFA from the late 1980s until it was renamed EF 2000 in 1992.<ref>Spick 2000, p. 438.</ref>
	===Testing===
	] Typhoon F2, showing the deflected ] control surface immediately below the pilot.]]
			By 1990, the selection of the aircraft's radar had become a major stumbling-block. The UK, Italy and Spain supported the ] Defence Systems-led ], while Germany preferred the ]-based MSD2000 (a collaboration between ], ] and ]). An agreement was reached after UK Defence Secretary ] assured his West German counterpart ] that the British government would approve the project and allow the GEC subsidiary ] to acquire Ferranti Defence Systems from its parent, the ] Group, which was in financial and legal difficulties. GEC thus withdrew its support for the MSD2000.<ref name="RADAR1" />
	The ] of the Eurofighter prototype took place in ] on 27 March 1994, flown by DASA Chief Test Pilot Peter Weger.<ref name="maiden"> ''BBC News'', 27 February 1994. Retrieved: 19 March 2008.</ref> On 9 December 2004, Eurofighter Typhoon IPA4 began three months of Cold Environmental Trials (CET) at the ] Air Base in Sweden, the purpose of which was to verify the operational behaviour of the aircraft and its systems in temperatures between −25 and 31&nbsp;°C.<ref>Hastings, David. ''targetlock.org'', 6 October 2009. Retrieved: 12 October 2009.</ref> The maiden flight of Instrumented Production Aircraft 7 (IPA7), the first fully equipped Tranche 2 aircraft, took place from EADS' ] airfield on 16 January 2008.<ref>Hoeveler, Wolfdietrich and Phillip Lee. ''eurofighter.com'', 2009. Retrieved: 12 October 2009.</ref>
			===Delays===
	In May 2007, Eurofighter Development Aircraft 5 made the first flight with the CAESAR demonstrator system,<ref> ''flug-revue.rotor.com'', 12 May 2007. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> a development of the ] incorporating ] (AESA) technology. The production version of the CAPTOR-E radar was being proposed as part of Tranche 3 of the Typhoon from 2012. Tranche 2 aircraft use the non AESA, mechanically scanned Captor-M which incorporates weight and space provisions for possible upgrade to CAESAR (AESA) standard in the future.<ref> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 6 June 2006. Retrieved: 12 October 2009.</ref> The Italian Air Force doubted that the AESA radar would be ready in time for Tranche 3 production.<ref>Kington, Tom and Andrew Chuter. ''defensenews.com'', 20 November 2009. Retrieved: 29 November 2009.</ref> In July 2010, Eurofighter announced that the AESA radar would enter service in 2015.<ref> ''www.defencetalk.com'', 21 July 2010.</ref><ref> ''www.asdnews.com'', 21 July 2010.</ref> In June 2013, Finmeccanica Selex's Chris Bushell warned that the failure of European nations to invest in an AESA radar was putting export orders at risk.<ref></ref>
			The financial burdens placed on Germany by ] caused ] to make an ] promise to cancel the Eurofighter. In early to mid-1991 German Defence Minister ] sought to withdraw Germany from the project in favour of using Eurofighter technology in a cheaper, lighter plane. Because of the amount of money already spent on development, the number of jobs dependent on the project, and the binding commitments on each partner government, Kohl was unable to withdraw; "Rühe's predecessors had locked themselves into the project by a punitive penalty system of their own devising."<ref name="BBCwomc" />
			]
			In 1995 concerns over workshare appeared. Since the formation of Eurofighter the workshare split had been agreed at 33/33/21/13 (United Kingdom/Germany/Italy/Spain) based on the number of units being ordered by each contributing nation, all the nations then reduced their orders. The UK cut its orders from 250 to 232, Germany from 250 to 140, Italy from 165 to 121 and Spain from 100 to 87.<ref name="BBCwomc" /> According to these order levels the workshare split should have been 39/24/22/15 UK/Germany/Italy/Spain, however Germany was unwilling to give up such a large amount of work.<ref name="BBCwomc" /> In January 1996, after much negotiation between German and UK partners, a compromise was reached whereby Germany would purchase another 40 aircraft.<ref name="BBCwomc" /> The workshare split was therefore UK 37.42%, Germany 29.03%, Italy 19.52% and Spain 14.03%.
	===Procurement, production and costs===
	The first production contract was signed on 30 January 1998 between Eurofighter GmbH, Eurojet and NETMA.<ref name="BBC"> ''BBC News'', 30 January 1998. Retrieved: 18 September 2007.</ref> The procurement totals were as follows: UK 232, Germany 180, Italy 121, and Spain 87. Production was again allotted according to procurement: British Aerospace (37.42%), DASA (29.03%), Aeritalia (19.52%), and CASA (14.03%).
			At the 1996 ] the UK announced funding for the construction phase of the project.<ref name="Farn96" /> On 22 December 1997 the defence ministers of the four partner nations signed the contract for production of the Eurofighter.<ref name="CON97" />
	On 2 September 1998, a naming ceremony was held at ], United Kingdom. This saw the Typhoon name formally adopted, initially for export aircraft only. This was reportedly resisted by Germany, perhaps because the ] was a fighter-bomber aircraft which was used by the RAF during the ] to attack German targets.<ref> ''BBC News'', 2 September 1998. Retrieved: 18 September 2007.</ref> The name "Spitfire II" (after the famous British Second World War fighter, the ]) had also been considered and rejected for the same reason early in the development programme. In September 1998 contracts were signed for production of 148 Tranche 1 aircraft and procurement of long lead-time items for Tranche 2 aircraft.<ref>Chuter, Andy. "EF2000 deal firms up first batch order." ''Flight International'', 23 September 1998.</ref> In March 2008 the final aircraft out of Tranche 1 was delivered to the German Air Force, with all successive deliveries being at the Tranche 2 standard.<ref>Holm, Kathryn and Martina Schmidmeir. ''Eurofighter.com'', 16 March 2009. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> On 21 October 2008, the first two of 91 Tranche 2 aircraft, ordered four years before, were delivered to RAF Coningsby.<ref> '' Mod.uk'' via ''Defence News'', 20 February 2007. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			===Testing===
	] Eurofighter Typhoon during takeoff]]
			] Typhoon F2 ''ZJ910'', showing the deflected ] control surface immediately below the pilot]]
	In October 2008, the Eurofighter nations were considering splitting the 236-fighter Tranche 3 into two parts.<ref>Hoyle, Craig. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 7 October 2008. Retrieved: 30 November 2009.</ref> In June 2009, RAF Air Chief Marshal Sir ] suggested that the RAF fleet might only be 123 jets, instead of the 232 previously planned.<ref>Rayment, Sean. ''Telegraph'', 7 June 2009. Retrieved: 30 November 2009.</ref> In spite of this reduction in the number of required aircraft, on 14 May 2009, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown confirmed that the UK would move ahead with the third batch purchase. A contract for the first part, Tranche 3A, was signed at the end of July 2009 for 112 aircraft split across the four partner nations, including 40 aircraft for the UK, 31 for Germany, 21 for Italy and 20 for Spain.<ref>Miatt, Rob and John Neilson. ''BAE Systems'', 31 July 2009. Retrieved: 30 November 2009.</ref><ref name="FI partners sign 3A deal"/> These 40 aircraft were said to have fully covered the UK's obligations in the project by Air Commodore Chris Bushell, due to cost overruns in the project.<ref>Doyle, Andrew. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 19 September 2009. Retrieved: 21 July 2010.</ref>
			The ] of the Eurofighter prototype took place in ] on 27 March 1994, flown by DASA chief test pilot Peter Weger.<ref name="maiden" /> In December 2004, Eurofighter Typhoon IPA4 began three months of Cold Environmental Trials (CET) at the ] in Sweden, the purpose of which was to verify the operational behaviour of the aircraft and its systems in temperatures between −25 and 31&nbsp;°C.<ref name="hastings" /> The maiden flight of Instrumented Production Aircraft{{nbsp}}7 (IPA7), the first fully equipped Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft, took place from EADS' ] airfield on 16 January 2008.<ref name="T2MAIDEN" />
	The Eurofighter Typhoon is unique in modern combat aircraft in that there are four separate assembly lines. Each partner company assembles its own national aircraft, but builds the same parts for all 683 aircraft (including exports); ] (Main centre fuselage<ref>Sanchez, Miguel and Serena Di Martino. ''eads.com,'' 26 July 2001. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>), ] (Right wing, leading edge slats), ] (Front fuselage (including foreplanes), canopy, dorsal spine, tail fin, inboard flaperons, rear fuselage section) and ] (Left wing, outboard ]s, rear fuselage sections)
			===Procurement, production and costs===
	Production is divided into three tranches (see table below). Tranches are a production/funding distinction, and do not necessarily imply an incremental increase in capability with each tranche. Tranche 3 will most likely be based on late Tranche 2 aircraft with improvements added. Tranche 3 has been split into A and B parts.<ref name="FI partners sign 3A deal">Hoyle, Craig. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 31 July 2009. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> Tranches are further divided up into production standard/capability blocks and funding/procurement batches, though these do not coincide, and are not the same thing; e.g., the Eurofighter designated '']'' by the RAF is a Tranche 1, block 5. Batch 1 covered block 1, but batch 2 covered blocks 2, 2B and 5. On 25 May 2011 the 100th production aircraft, ZK315, rolled off the production line at Warton.<ref></ref>
			The first production contract was signed on 30 January 1998 between Eurofighter GmbH, Eurojet and NETMA.<ref name="BBC" /> The procurement totals were as follows: the UK 232, Germany 180, Italy 121, and Spain 87. Production was again allotted according to procurement: BAe (37.42%), DASA (29.03%), Aeritalia (19.52%), and CASA (14.03%).
			On 2 September 1998, a naming ceremony was held at ], United Kingdom. This saw the Typhoon name formally adopted, initially for export aircraft only. The name continues the storm theme started by the ]. This was reportedly resisted by Germany; the ] was a fighter-bomber aircraft used by the RAF during the ] to attack German targets.<ref name="NAMING" /> The name "Spitfire II" (after the famous British Second World War fighter, the ]) had also been considered and rejected for the same reason early in the development programme.<ref name="SPITFIRE" /> In September 1998, contracts were signed for production of 148 Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft and procurement of long lead-time items for Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft.<ref name="CON98" /> In March 2008, the final Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft was delivered to the German Air Force.<ref name="holm" /> On 21 October 2008, the RAF's first two of 91 Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft, were delivered to ].<ref name="RAFt1" />
	<center>
	{| class="wikitable"
	|+'''Expected production summary'''
	!Tranche
	!{{AUT}}
	!{{DEU}}
	!{{ITA}}
	!{{OMN}}
	!{{SAU}}
	!{{ESP}}
	!{{GBR}}
	!Total
	|-
	|Tranche 1
	|15{{#tag:ref|The change in Austria's order from 6 Tranche 1 and 12 Tranche 2 aircraft to 15 Tranche 1 jets led to a reduction in Tranche 1 quantities for the four partner nations, with a commensurate increase in Tranche 2 numbers.|group=N}}
	|33
	|28
	|0
	|0
	|19
	|53
	|148
	|-
	|Tranche 2<ref>Hoyle, Craig. ''Flightglobal.com, '' 21 October 2008. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref>
	|0
	|79
	|47
	|0
	|24
	|34
	|67{{#tag:ref|24 Saudi aircraft were taken from UK Tranche 2 production, and were to have been replaced at the end of Tranche 2, but will now be accounted against the UK's Tranche 3A total. This marks an effective reduction of 24 aircraft in the UK order total.<ref> ''Airpower.at'', 2 April 2007. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>|group=N}}
	|251
	|-
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | Tranche 3A<ref name="FI partners sign 3A deal"/>
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | 0
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | 31
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | 21
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | 12
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | 48
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | 20
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | 40
	| style="border-bottom: 1px solid black" | 172
	|-
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''Total'''
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''15'''
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''143'''
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''96'''
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''12'''
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''72'''
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''73'''
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''160'''
	| style="border-top: 1px solid black" | '''571'''
	|}</center>
			In July 2009, after almost 2 years of negotiations, the planned Tranche 3 purchase was split into 2 parts and the Tranche 3A contract was signed by the partner nations.<ref name="CON09" /> The "Tranche 3B" order did not go ahead.<ref name="NOT3" />
	]
			The Eurofighter Typhoon is unique in modern combat aircraft in that there are four separate assembly lines. Each partner company assembles its own national aircraft, but builds the same parts for all aircraft (including exports); ] (main centre fuselage),<ref name="BUILD" /> ] (right wing, leading edge slats), ] (BAE) (front fuselage (including foreplanes), canopy, dorsal spine, tail fin, inboard flaperons, rear fuselage section) and ] (left wing, outboard ]s, rear fuselage sections).
	In 1988, the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Armed Forces told the UK House of Commons that the European Fighter Aircraft would "be a major project, costing the United Kingdom about £7&nbsp;billion".<ref> ''Hansard'', 9 March 2009. Retrieved: 30 November 2009.</ref> It was soon apparent that a more realistic estimate was £13&nbsp;billion,<ref>Lomax, David. ''Telegraph.co.uk'', 4 January 2004. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> made up of £3.3&nbsp;billion development costs<ref> ''The New York Times'', 25 November 1988. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> plus £30&nbsp;million per aircraft.<ref>Greenhouse, Steven. ''The New York Times'' Special , 21 February 1989. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> By 1997 the estimated cost was £17&nbsp;billion; by 2003, £20&nbsp;billion, and the in-service date (2003; defined as the date of delivery of the first aircraft to the RAF) was 54 months late.<ref> ''House of Commons''.</ref><ref> ''House of Commons'', 24 June 2004. Retrieved: 19 December 2006.</ref> After 2003 the Ministry of Defence have refused to release updated cost estimates on the grounds of 'commercial sensitivity',<ref> ''Ministry of Defence'': Major Projects Report 2007. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> however in 2011 the National Audit Office estimated the UK's "total programme cost eventually hit £37&nbsp;billion".<ref> ''Eurofighter.com.'' Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			Production is divided into three tranches (see table below). Tranches are a production/funding distinction, and do not imply an incremental increase in capability with each tranche. Tranche{{nbsp}}3 are based on late Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft with improvements added. Tranche{{nbsp}}3 was split into A and B parts.<ref name="FI3A" /> Tranches were further divided up into production standard/capability blocks and funding/procurement batches, though these did not coincide, and are not the same thing; e.g., the Eurofighter designated '']'' by the RAF is a Tranche 1, block 5. Batch{{nbsp}}1 covered block 1, but batch{{nbsp}}2 covered blocks 2, 2B and 5. On 25 May 2011 the 100th production aircraft, ZK315, rolled off the production line at Warton.<ref name="ZK315" />
	By 2007, Germany estimated the system cost (aircraft and training, plus spare parts) at €120m{{clarify|is this _per year_?|date=April 2012}} and said it was in perpetual increase.<ref> ''tagesspiegel,de,'' 12 October 2007. Retrieved: 20 February 2011.</ref> On 17 June 2009, Germany ordered 31 aircraft of Tranche 3A for €2,800m, leading to a system cost of €90m per aircraft.<ref name="kunden"> ''bmvg.de,'' 17 June 2009. Retrieved: 20 February 2011.</ref> The ] reported that the mismanagement of the project had helped increase the cost of each aircraft by 75 percent. ] ] responded that "I am determined that in the future such projects are properly run from the outset, and I have announced reforms to reduce equipment delays and cost overruns."<ref>Abbas, Mohammed. ''Reuters'', 15 April 2011.</ref> The Spanish MoD has put the cost of their Typhoon project at €11,718m as of December 2010, up from an original €9,255m and implying a system cost for their 73 aircraft of €160m.<ref name=PEAs>{{cite web | url=http://www.revistatenea.es/revistaatenea/revista/PDF/documentos/Documento_1026.pdf | title=Evaluación de los Programas Especiales de Armamento (PEAs) | author =Ministerio de Defensa | location=Madrid | date=September 2011 | publisher=Grupo Atenea| language=Spanish | accessdate=30 September 2012}}</ref>
			In 1985 the estimated cost of 250 UK aircraft was £7&nbsp;billion. By 1997 the estimated cost was £17&nbsp;billion; by 2003, £20&nbsp;billion, and the in-service date (2003, defined as the date of delivery of the first aircraft to the RAF) was 54 months late.<ref name="LATE54" /> After 2003, the MoD refused to release updated cost-estimates on the grounds of commercial sensitivity.<ref name="COMM" /> However, in 2011, the ] estimated the UK's "assessment, development, production and upgrade costs eventually hit £22.9&nbsp;billion" and total programme costs would reach £37{{nbsp}}billion.<ref name="NAO" />
	===Delays===
	{{Main|Timeline of the Eurofighter Typhoon}}
			By 2007, Germany estimated the system cost (aircraft and training, plus spare parts) at €120{{nbsp}}million{{clarify|is this _per year_?|date=April 2012}} and said it was in perpetual increase.<ref name="DEUCOST" /> On 17 June 2009, Germany ordered 31 aircraft of Tranche 3A for €2.8{{nbsp}}billion, leading to a system cost of €90{{nbsp}}million per aircraft.<ref name="kunden" /> The UK's ] reported that mismanagement of the project had helped increase the cost of each aircraft by seventy-five percent.<ref name="PACCOST" /> The Spanish MoD put the cost of their Typhoon project up to December 2010 at €11.718{{nbsp}}billion, up from an original €9.255{{nbsp}}billion and implying a system cost for their 73 aircraft of €160{{nbsp}}million.<ref name="PEAs" />
	The financial burdens placed on Germany by ] caused ] to make an ] promise to cancel the Eurofighter. In early to mid-1991 German Defence Minister ] sought to withdraw Germany from the project in favour of using Eurofighter technology in a cheaper, lighter plane. Due to the amount of money already spent on development, the number of jobs dependent on the project, and the binding commitments on each partner government, ] was unable to withdraw; "Rühe's predecessors had locked themselves into the project by a punitive penalty system of their own devising."<ref name="BBCwomc">''Eurofighter: Weapon of Mass Construction'' (TV broadcast). ''BBC'', 6 July 2003 airdate.</ref>
			On 31 March 2009, a Eurofighter Typhoon fired an ] whilst having its radar in passive mode for the first time; the necessary target data for the missile was acquired by the radar of a second Eurofighter Typhoon and transmitted using the ] (MIDS).<ref name="MIDSF" /> The entire Typhoon fleet passed the 500,000 flying hours milestone in 2018.<ref name="HOURS" /> As of August 2019, a total of 623 orders had been received.<ref name="airbus" />
	In 1995 concerns over workshare appeared. Since the formation of Eurofighter the workshare split had been agreed at 33/33/21/13 (United Kingdom/Germany/Italy/Spain) based on the number of units being ordered by each contributing nation. All the nations then reduced their orders. The UK cut its orders from 250 to 232, Germany from 250 to 140, Italy from 165 to 121 and Spain from 100 to 87.<ref name="BBCwomc"/> According to these order levels the workshare split should have been 39/24/22/15 UK/Germany/Italy/Spain, Germany was unwilling to give up such a large amount of work.<ref name="BBCwomc"/> In January 1996, after much negotiation between German and UK partners, a compromise was reached whereby Germany would purchase another 40 aircraft.<ref name="BBCwomc"/> The workshare split is now 43% for EADS MAS in Germany and Spain; 37.5% BAE Systems in the UK; and 19.5% for Alenia in Italy.<ref>Haertl, Ronald. ''European Security and Defence''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			In July 2016, the ten-year Typhoon Total Availability Enterprise (TyTAN) support deal between the RAF and industry partners BAE and Leonardo was announced that aims to reduce the Typhoon's per-hour operating cost by 30 to 40 percent.<ref name="TYTAN" /> This should equate to a saving of at least £550{{nbsp}}million ($712{{nbsp}}million), which "will be recycled into the programme" and, according to BAE, will result in the Typhoon having a per-hour operating cost "equivalent to a ]".<ref name="OPCOST" /> By 2022 it was estimated that savings would be "over £500{{nbsp}}million."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.leonardocompany.com/en/innovation/tytan |title=Typhoon Total Availability eNterprise – TyTAN |publisher=Leonardo |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref>
	The next major milestone came at the ] in September 1996.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} The UK announced the funding for the construction phase of the project. In November 1996 Spain confirmed its order but Germany delayed its decision. After much diplomatic activity between Germany and UK, an interim funding arrangement of ]100&nbsp;million (€51&nbsp;million) was contributed by the German government in July 1997 to continue flight trials. Further negotiation finally resulted in German approval to purchase the Eurofighter in October 1997.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}
	===Upgrades===		===Upgrades===
	In 2000, the UK selected the ] as the long range air-to-air missile armament for her Typhoons with an in-service date (ISD) of December 2011.<ref name="Meteorcontract"> ''Defense Daily,'' 6 January 2003. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> In December 2002, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden joined the British in a $1.9bn contract for Meteor on Typhoon, the Dassault ] and the Saab ].<ref name="Meteorcontract" /> The protracted contract negotiations pushed the ISD to August 2012,<ref name="Meteorcontract"/> and it was further put back by Eurofighter's failure to make trials aircraft available to the Meteor partners.<ref> ''National Audit Office,'' 18 December 2008, p. 22. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> Meteor is now in production and first deliveries to the RAF are scheduled for Q4 2012<ref>Hoyle, Craig. ''Flight International,'' 26 June 2012. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> but full clearance on Typhoon is not planned until mid-2016.<ref name=EFW0712 />		In 2000, the UK selected the ] from ] as the long range air-to-air missile armament for its Typhoons with an in-service date (ISD) of December 2011.<ref name="Meteorcontract" /> In December 2002, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden joined the British in a $1.9bn contract for Meteor on Typhoon, the Dassault Rafale and the Saab Gripen.<ref name="Meteorcontract" /> The protracted contract negotiations pushed the ISD to August 2012,<ref name="Meteorcontract" /> and it was further put back by Eurofighter's failure to make trials aircraft available to the Meteor partners.<ref name="METTRIAL" /> In 2014 the "second element of the Phase{{nbsp}}1 Enhancements package known as 'P1Eb'" was announced, allowing "Typhoon to realise both its air-to-air and air-to-ground capability to full effect".<ref name="P1Eb" />
			In 2011 ''Flight International'' reported that budgetary pressures being encountered by the four original partner nations were limiting upgrades.<ref name="FILIMIT" /> For example, the four original partner nations were reluctant at that stage to fund enhancements that extend the aircraft's air-to-ground capability, such as integration of the ] cruise missile.<ref name="MEU" />
	An ] radar first flew in a Typhoon on 8 May 2007.<ref> ''Eurofighter Gmbh.'' Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> On 22 June 2011, it was announced that the partner nations had agreed to fund development of the next generation of "E-Scan" Captor-E radar, with entry into service planned for 2015.<ref> ''eurofighter.com,'' 22 June 2011.</ref> The British are pursuing an independent Technology Demonstrator Programme called Bright Adder, which will give the Typhoon an Electronic Attack mode among other things.<ref name=CAA1011> ''Combat Aircraft Monthly,'' October 2011, p. 51. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> Bright Adder is based on ]'s ARTS radar demonstrator for the Tornado GR4 and could evolve into an alternative to the main E-Scan project should E-Scan falter.<ref name=CAA1011 /> In the meantime, a succession of radar software upgrades have enhanced the air-to-air capability of the Captor-M radar.<ref name=EFW0712 /> These upgrades have included the R2P programme (initially UK only, and known as T2P when 'ported' to the Tranche 2 aircraft)<ref> ''onetoone The RAF Conningsby Journal'' (Royal Air Force), 2012, p. 10. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> which is being followed by R2Q/T2Q. R2P was applied to eight German Typhoons deployed on Red Flag Alaska in 2012.
			Tranche 3 aircraft ESM/ECM enhancements have focused on improving radiating jamming power with antenna modifications, while EuroDASS is reported to offer a range of new capabilities, including the addition of a digital receiver, extending band coverage to low frequencies (]/]) and introducing an interferometric receiver with extremely precise geolocation functionalities. On the jamming side, EuroDASS is looking to low-band<ref name="DASS0" /> (VHF/UHF) jamming, more capable antennae, new ECM techniques, while protection against missile is to be enhanced through a new passive MWS in addition to the active devices already on board the aircraft. The latest support for self-protection will however originate from the new ] radar which is to replace the Captor system, providing in a spiralled programme with passive, active and cyberwarfare RF capabilities. ] has developed a self-contained expendable ] (DRFM) ] for fast jet aircraft known as ] which is being studied for integration on the Typhoon.<ref name="centurion" />
	Eurojet is attempting to find funding to test a thrust vectoring nozzle (TVN) on a flight demonstrator.<ref>Doye, Andrew. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 18 October 2009. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> Additionally, the RAF has sought to develop ]s (CFT) for their Typhoons to free up underwing space for weapons.<ref>Wall, George. ''Aviationweek.com,'' 18 August 2009. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>{{#tag:ref| Quote: "The RAF Tranche 3 aircraft also are being prepared to use conformal fuel tanks, which are viewed as attractive once new weapons are fielded that would bar the use of external fuel tanks."|group=N}}
			]
	Funding for recent upgrades have come from export customers with the four original partner nations reluctant to further invest in the program.<ref></ref>
			Eurojet is attempting to find funding to test ] control (TVC) nozzles on a flight demonstrator.<ref name="FITV" /> In April 2014, BAE announced new wind tunnel tests to assess the aerodynamic characteristics of ]s (CFTs). The CFTs, which can be fitted to any Tranche 3 aircraft, could carry 1,500 litres each to increase the Typhoon's ] by a factor of 25% to 1,500 n miles (2,778&nbsp;km).<ref name="CFT" />
			BAE has completed development of its Striker II Helmet-Mounted Display that builds on the capabilities of the original Striker Helmet-Mounted Display, which is already in service on the Typhoon.<ref name="STRIKER" /> Striker II features a new display with more colour and can transition between day and night seamlessly eliminating the need for separate night vision goggles. In addition, the helmet can monitor the pilot's exact head position so it always knows exactly what information to display.<ref name="STRIKER2" /> The system is compatible with ], a ] threats system and 3-D communications; these are available as customer options.<ref name="STRIKER3" /> In 2015, BAE was awarded a £1.7{{nbsp}}million contract to study the feasibility of a common weapon launcher that could be capable of carrying multiple weapons and weapon types on a single pylon.<ref name="CL" />
	==Design==
			]
	===Airframe and avionics===
			Also in 2015, Airbus flight tested a package of aerodynamic upgrades for the Eurofighter known as the Aerodynamic Modification Kit (AMK) consisting of reshaped (delta) ], extended trailing-edge ]s and ]. This increases wing lift by 25% resulting in an increased turn rate, tighter turning radius, and improved nose-pointing ability at low speed with angle of attack values around 45% greater and roll rates up to 100% higher.<ref name="AMK" /><ref name="AMK4" /><ref name="AMK5" /> Eurofighter's Laurie Hilditch said these improvements should increase subsonic turn rate by 15% and give the Eurofighter the sort of "knife-fight in a phone box" turning capability enjoyed by rivals such as Boeing's F/A-18E/F or the Lockheed Martin F-16, without sacrificing the transonic and supersonic high-energy agility inherent to its delta wing-canard configuration.<ref name="AMK2" /> Eurofighter Project Pilot Germany Raffaele Beltrame said: "The handling qualities appeared to be markedly improved, providing more manoeuvrability, agility and precision while performing tasks representative of in-service operations. And it is extremely interesting to consider the potential benefits in the air-to-surface configuration thanks to the increased variety and flexibility of stores that can be carried."<ref name="AMK3" />
			In April 2016, Finmeccanica (now Leonardo) demonstrated the air-to-ground capabilities of its Mode{{nbsp}}5 Reverse-] (IFF) system which showed that it is possible to give pilots the ability to distinguish between friendly and enemy platforms in a simple fashion using the aircraft's existing transponder.<ref name="RIFF" /> Finmeccanica said ] is considering the system as a short- to mid-term solution for air-to-surface identification of friendly forces and thus avoid collateral damages due to friendly fire during close air support operations.<ref name="RIFF" />
			====UK Project Centurion upgrades====
			With the confirmed retirement date of March 2019 for RAF Tornado GR4s, in 2014 the UK commenced an upgrade programme that would eventually become the £425 million Project Centurion to ensure the Typhoon was able to assume the precision strike duties of the ageing Tornado. The upgrade was delivered under different phases:<ref name="centurion" />
			*Phase 0 – initial multirole upgrades.
			*Phase 1/P2EA – MBDA Meteor integration and initial Storm Shadow Capability.
			*Phase 2/P3EA – Full Storm Shadow capability as well as Brimstone integration.
			Phase 1 standard aircraft were used operationally for the first time as part of ] over Iraq and Syria in 2018. On 18 December 2018 the RAF approved release to service for the full Project Centurion package.<ref name="centurion" />
			====Proposed upgrade for German Tornado replacement====
			On 24 April 2018, Airbus announced its offer to replace Germany's Panavia Tornado fleet, proposing the integration of new weaponry, performance enhancements and additional capabilities to the Eurofighter Typhoon.<ref name="FG.COM" /> This is similar to that being performed as part of the UK's Project Centurion. Integration of air-to-ground weapons already has begun on German Typhoons as part of Project Odin. Among the weapons being offered are the Kongsberg Joint Strike Missile for the anti-ship mission and the Taurus cruise missile.
			The consortium is keen to make use of the engine's growth potential to boost thrust by around 15% as well as improve fuel efficiency and range. This will be combined with a new design and enlarged 1,800-litre fuel tank. The aircraft currently is fitted with 1,000-litre fuel tanks. Other modifications will include the Aerodynamic Modification Kit, test flown in 2014, to improve maneuverability and handling, particularly with heavy weapon loads. Eurofighter says it is comfortable with delivering integration of the U.S. ] onto the aircraft, a process that requires U.S. certification. Paltzo said he was confident the U.S. government would not use the certification requirements of the weapon as "leverage" to force Germany towards a U.S. platform.{{citation needed |reason=Previous 3–4 sentences are all unsourced!|date=July 2019}} A next-generation electronic warfare suite has been planned by the four-country consortium.<ref name="NEWEW" />
			In November 2019, Airbus proposed a ] capability for the aircraft, a role which is currently performed by the Tornado ECR in German service. The Typhoon ECR would be configured with two Escort Jammer pods under the wings and two Emitter Location Systems at the wing tips. Armament configuration would include four MBDA Meteor, two ] and six ] in addition to three ]s.<ref name="SEAD" />
			On 5 November 2020, the German government approved an order for 38 Tranche 4 with ground attack capabilities for the replacement of Tranche 1 units in German service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Germany approves billion-euro purchase of 38 Eurofighter jets |website=DW.com|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-approves-billion-euro-purchase-of-38-eurofighter-jets/a-55513389|access-date=2021-03-19|language=en-GB}}</ref>
			The Luftwaffe ordered 15 ECR electronic warfare aircraft for the ''Luftgestützte Wirkung im Elektromagnetischen Spektrum'' (luWES) requirement in March 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/germany-opts-for-f-35-eurofighter-to-fulfil-future-fighter-requirements |title=Germany opts for F-35, Eurofighter to fulfil future fighter requirements |work=Janes |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |date=15 March 2022 |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref> The 15 ECR EW aircraft will be transformed from existing German Typhoons and will be equipped with ] ]s. The aircraft are expected to be NATO-certified by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Trevithick |first1=Joe |title=Electronic Warfare Typhoon EK Fighter To Join German Air Force |date=30 November 2023 |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/electronic-warfare-typhoon-ek-fighter-to-join-german-air-force |publisher=The Drive |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dörr |first1=Christian |title=Airbus to make Eurofighter fit for electronic combat |url=http://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2023-11-airbus-to-make-eurofighter-fit-for-electronic-combat |publisher=Airbus |access-date=3 December 2023}}</ref>
			The Tranche 4PE is a further development package aiming at integrating improved missiles (Meteor, Taurus, AMRAAM, GBU, JDAM).<ref>{{Cite web |last=ES&T Redaktion |date=2024-04-29 |title=Fast eine halbe Milliarde Euro für NH90, Eurofighter und Nebelhandgranaten |url=https://esut.de/2024/04/meldungen/49173/fast-eine-halbe-milliarde-euro-fuer-nh90-eurofighter-und-nebelhandgranaten/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=esut.de |language=de-DE}}</ref>
			===Replacement===
			Germany is to replace the Eurofighter with the ] (NGF), co-developed with France and Spain.<ref name="NGFTEMPEST" /> The ] is a ‘6th Generation’ fighter envisioned as a replacement for the RAF and ] (AM), part of the UK's wider ].<ref name="NGFTEMPEST" />
			==Design==
			===Airframe overview===
	]		]
	The Typhoon is a highly agile aircraft at both supersonic and low speeds, achieved through having an intentionally ] design. It has a quadruplex digital ] control system providing artificial stability, manual operation alone could not compensate for the inherent instability. The fly-by-wire system is described as "carefree", and prevents the pilot from exceeding the permitted manoeuvre envelope. Roll control is primarily achieved by use of the wing ]s. Pitch control is by operation of the foreplanes and flaperons, the yaw control is by rudder.<ref> ''starstreak.net''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> Control surfaces are moved through two independent hydraulic systems, which also supply various other items, such as the canopy, brakes and undercarriage; powered by a 4000 psi engine-driven gearbox.<ref> ''Eurofighter GmbH''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>		The Typhoon is a highly agile aircraft both at supersonic and at low speeds, achieved through having an intentionally ] design. It has a quadruplex digital ] control system providing artificial stability, as manual operation alone could not compensate for the inherent instability. The fly-by-wire system is described as "carefree", and prevents the pilot from exceeding the permitted manoeuvre envelope. Roll control is primarily achieved by use of the ailerons. Pitch control is by operation of the canards and ailerons, because the canards disturb airflow to inner elevons (flaps). The yaw control is done by a large, single rudder.<ref name="AERPERF" /> Engines are fed by a chin double ] situated below a ].
			The Typhoon features lightweight construction (82% composites consisting of 70% ] ]s and 12% ] reinforced composites) with an estimated lifespan of 6,000 flying hours.<ref name="MATER" /><ref name="HRS" />
			====Radar signature reduction features====
	Navigation is via both ] and an ]. The Typhoon can use ] (ILS) for landing in poor weather. The aircraft also features an ] based on the ] Terrain Referenced Navigation (TRN) system used by the ].<ref> ''Eurofighter GmbH''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> The Multifunctional Information Distribution System (MIDS) provides a ] data link.<ref>{{dead link|date=June 2011}} ''Ipunwired.com'', 23 April 2002. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			]-like air intake partially conceals engine fans, a major source of radar wave reflection]]
			Although it was not designated a ], measures were taken to reduce the Typhoon's ] (RCS), especially from the frontal aspect; An example of these measures is that the Typhoon has jet inlets that conceal the front of the engines (a strong radar target) from radar. Many important potential radar targets, such as the wing, canard and fin leading edges, are highly swept so they will reflect radar energy well away from the front.<ref>Richardson 2001, p. 113.</ref> Some external weapons are mounted semi-recessed into the aircraft, partially shielding these missiles from incoming radar waves.<ref name="structure" /> In addition ]s (RAM), developed primarily by ]/DASA, coat many of the most significant reflectors, such as the wing leading edges, the intake edges and interior, the rudder surrounds, and strakes.<ref name="structure" />
	The aircraft employs a sophisticated and highly integrated Defensive Aids Sub-System named Praetorian<ref> ''Eurofighter GmbH''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> (formerly called EuroDASS).<ref> ''Janes.com'', 9 April 2009. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> Praetorian monitors and responds automatically to air and surface threats, provides an all-round prioritized assessment, and can respond to multiple threats simultaneously. Threat detection methods include a ] (RWR) and a ] (LWR, only on UK Typhoons). Protective countermeasures consist of ], jaff and ]s, an ] (ECM) suite and a towed radar decoy (TRD).<ref> ''Eurofighter.airpower.at'', 31 March 2007. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			The manufacturers carried out tests on the early Eurofighter prototypes to optimise the low observability characteristics of the aircraft from the early 1990s. Testing at Warton on the DA4 prototype measured the RCS of the aircraft and investigated the effects of a variety of RAM coatings and composites.<ref name="iarpdf" />{{failed verification|date=June 2022}} Another measure to reduce the likelihood of discovery is the use of passive sensors (PIRATE IRST), which minimises the radiation of treacherous electronic emissions. While canards generally have poor stealth characteristics from side because of corner to hull,<ref name="STECAN" /> the flight control system is designed to maintain the elevon trim and canards at an angle at which they have the smallest RCS.<ref name="STECAN2" />
	The Typhoon features lightweight construction (82% composites consisting of 70% carbon fibre composites and 12% glass reinforced composites)<ref> ''Eurofighter GmbH.'' Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> with an estimated lifespan of 6000 flying hours.<ref>Doyle, Andrew. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 26 August 2009. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
	===Cockpit===		===Cockpit===
	]		]
	The Eurofighter Typhoon features a ] without any conventional instruments. It incorporates three full colour multi-function head-down displays (MHDDs) (the formats on which are manipulated by means of softkeys, XY cursor, and voice (] or DVI) command), a wide angle ] (HUD) with forward-looking infrared (]), a voice and hands-on throttle and stick (Voice+]), a Helmet Mounted Symbology System (]), a ] (MIDS), a manual data-entry facility (MDEF) located on the left glareshield and a fully integrated aircraft warning system with a dedicated warnings panel (DWP). Reversionary flying instruments, lit by ]s, are located under a hinged right glareshield.<ref>Owen, Paul S. {{dead link|date=June 2011}} ''Eurofighter-typhoon.co.uk'' 7 December 1997. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			The Typhoon features a ] without any conventional instruments. It incorporates three full colour multi-function head-down displays (MHDDs) (the formats on which are manipulated by means of softkeys, XY cursor, and voice (] or DVI) command), a wide angle ] (HUD) with forward-looking infrared (]), a voice and hands-on throttle and stick (Voice+]), a Helmet Mounted Symbology System (]), a MIDS, a manual data-entry facility (MDEF) located on the left glareshield and a fully integrated aircraft warning system with a dedicated warnings panel (DWP). Reversionary flying instruments, lit by ]s, are located under a hinged right glareshield.<ref name="INST" /> Access to the cockpit is normally via either a telescopic integral ladder or an external version. The integral ladder is stowed in the port side of the fuselage, below the cockpit.<ref name="LAD" />
	Needs of the user were given very high priority in the design of the cockpit: the layout and functionality was created through feedback and assessments from military pilots and a specialist testing facility.<ref>. eurofighter.com</ref> The pilot controls the aircraft by means of a ] (or control stick) and left hand ]s, designed on a Hand on Throttle and Stick (HOTAS) principle to lower pilot workloads.<ref> ''eurofighter.com.'' Retrieved: 17 December 2011.</ref> Emergency escape is provided by a ] Mk.16A ], with the canopy being jettisoned by two rocket motors.<ref> ''Eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> The HMSS has been delayed for many years but should be operational by the end of 2011.<ref>De Clercq, Geert. ''Reuters'', 24 June 2011.</ref> The aircraft's standard ''g''-force protection is provided by the ''full-cover anti-''g'' trousers'' (FCAGTs).<ref> ''Eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> This specially developed ] provides sustained protection up to 9 ''g''. The Typhoon pilots of the ] and Austrian Air Force wear a hydrostatic ''g''-suit called ''Libelle'' (''dragonfly'') Multi G Plus instead,<ref> ''Lssag.ch''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref><ref> German ''airpower.at''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref><ref> ''DLGR Info'', March 2005, p. 3. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> which also provides protection to the arms, theoretically allowing for more complete ''g'' tolerance.
			]
			User needs were given a high priority in the cockpit's design; both layout and functionality was developed with feedback and assessments from military pilots and a specialist testing facility.<ref name="COCKP" /> The aircraft is controlled by means of a ] (or control stick) and left hand ]s, designed on a Hand on Throttle and Stick (HOTAS) principle to lower pilot ].<ref name="CONTROL" /> Emergency escape is provided by a ] Mk.16A ], with the canopy being jettisoned by two rocket motors.<ref name="EJSEAT" /> The HMSS was delayed by years but should have been operational by late 2011.<ref name="HMSS" /> Standard ''g''-force protection is provided by the ''full-cover anti-''g'' trousers'' (FCAGTs),<ref name="LIFES" /> a specially developed ] providing sustained protection up to nine ''g''. German and Austrian Air Force pilots wear a hydrostatic ''g''-suit called ''Libelle'' (''dragonfly'') Multi G Plus instead,<ref name="suit" /> which also provides protection to the arms, theoretically giving more complete ''g'' tolerance.
	In the event of pilot ], the ] allows for rapid and automatic recovery by the simple press of a button. On selection of this cockpit control the FCS takes full control of the engines and flying controls, and automatically stabilises the aircraft in a wings level, gentle climbing attitude at 300 knots, until the pilot is ready to retake control.<ref> ''eurofighter.com.'' Retrieved: 3 February 2012.</ref> The aircraft also has an Automatic Low-Speed Recovery system (ALSR) which prevents it from departing from controlled flight at very low speeds and high ]. The FCS system is able to detect a developing low-speed situation and to raise an audible and visual low-speed cockpit warning. This gives the pilot sufficient time to react and to recover the aircraft manually. If the pilot does not react, however, or if the warning is ignored, the ALSR takes control of the aircraft, selects maximum dry power for the engines and returns the aircraft to a safe flight condition. Depending on the attitude, the FCS employs an ALSR "push", "pull" or "knife-over" manoeuvre.<ref> ''targetlock.org.uk.'' Retrieved: 3 February 2012.</ref>
			]
	The Typhoon Direct Voice Input (DVI) system utilises a speech recognition module (SRM), developed by ] (now ]) and Computing Devices (now ] UK). It was the first production DVI system utilised in a military cockpit. DVI provides the pilot with an additional natural mode of command and control over approximately 26 non-critical cockpit functions, to reduce pilot workload, improve aircraft safety, and expand mission capabilities. An important step in the development of the DVI occurred in 1987 when ] completed the TMS-320-C30, a digital signal processor, enabling reductions in the size and system complexity required. The project was given the go ahead in July 1997, with development and pilot assessment carried out on the Eurofighter Active Cockpit Simulator at BAE Systems Warton.<ref> (archive version) Jane's Information Group, 2008.</ref>
			In the event of pilot ], the ] allows for rapid and automatic recovery by the simple press of a button. On selection of this cockpit control the FCS takes full control of the engines and flying controls, and automatically stabilises the aircraft in a wings level, gentle climbing attitude at 300 knots, until the pilot is ready to retake control.<ref name="AUTOR" /> The aircraft also has an Automatic Low-Speed Recovery system (ALSR) which prevents it from departing from controlled flight at very low speeds and high ]. The FCS system is able to detect a developing low-speed situation and to raise an audible and visual low-speed cockpit warning. This gives the pilot sufficient time to react and to recover the aircraft manually. If the pilot does not react, however, or if the warning is ignored, the ALSR takes control of the aircraft, selects maximum dry power for the engines and returns the aircraft to a safe flight condition. Depending on the attitude, the FCS employs an ALSR "push", "pull" or "knife-over" manoeuvre.<ref name="FCS" />
			] (MAW). Down left: System online (hourglass-shaped symbol) and dispenser numbers (C = chaff, F = Flares). Down right decoy status. Right side the elevation bar from ±60°, with marks at +5°, 0° and -5°. The coloured arrows may indicate rate of climb (green) or sink (red) by their thickness.]]
	The DVI system is speaker-dependent; i.e., requires each pilot to create a template. It is not used for any safety-critical or weapon-critical tasks, such as weapon release or lowering of the undercarriage, but is used for a wide range of other cockpit functions.<ref> ''aph.gov.au''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref><ref> ''mil.no''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> Voice commands are confirmed by visual or aural feedback. The system is seen as a major design feature in the reduction of pilot ]. All functions are also achievable by means of a conventional button-press or soft-key selections. The functions include display management, communications, and management of various systems.<ref name=EF_DVI> ''Eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 30 March 2012.</ref> ] in Spain has worked on a new non-template DVI module to allow for continuous speech recognition, speaker voice recognition with common databases (e.g. ], ], etc.) and other improvements.<ref name=EF_DVI/>		The Typhoon Direct Voice Input (DVI) system uses a speech recognition module (SRM), developed by ] and Computing Devices. It was the first production DVI system used in a military cockpit. DVI provides the pilot with an additional natural mode of command and control over approximately 26 non-critical cockpit functions, to reduce pilot workload, improve aircraft safety, and expand mission capabilities. An important step in the development of the DVI occurred in 1987 when ] completed the TMS-320-C30, a digital signal-processor, enabling reductions in the size and system complexity required. The project was given the go-ahead in July 1997, with development carried out on the Eurofighter Active Cockpit Simulator at Warton.<ref name="DVI1" /> The DVI system is speaker-dependent, requiring each pilot to create a template. It is not used for safety-critical or weapon-critical tasks, such as weapon release or lowering of the undercarriage.<ref name="DVI2" /> Voice commands are confirmed by visual or aural feedback, and serves to reduce pilot workload. All functions are also achievable by means of a conventional button-press or soft-key selections; functions include display management, communications, and management of various systems.<ref name="EF_DVI" /> ] in Spain has worked on a new non-template DVI module to allow for continuous speech recognition, speaker voice recognition with common databases (e.g. ], ], etc.) and other improvements.<ref name="EF_DVI" />
			BAE Systems has been awarded a contract to develop new touch screen displays in the cockpit and enhance data processing capability for Eurofighter Typhoon.<ref>{{cite web|last=GDC|date=2021-08-08|title=BAE Systems Awarded £135 Million For Eurofighter Typhoon's Capability Enhancement|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/08/09/bae-systems-awarded-135-million-for-eurofighter-typhoons-capability-enhancement/|access-date=2021-08-09|website=Global Defense Corp|language=en-US}}</ref>
	===Search and track system===
	The Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system is an ] system (IRST) mounted on the port side of the fuselage, forward of the windscreen. ] is the lead contractor which, along with ] (system technical authority) and Tecnobit of Spain, make up the EUROFIRST consortium responsible for the system's design and development. Eurofighters starting with Tranche 1 block 5 have the PIRATE. The first Eurofighter Typhoon with PIRATE-IRST was delivered to the Italian ] in August 2007.<ref> ''Air-attack.com''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> More advanced targeting capabilities can be provided with the addition of a targeting pod such as the ] pod.<ref> ''google.de''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			===Avionics===
	PIRATE operates in two IR bands, 3–5 and 8–11 micrometres. When used with the radar in an air-to-air role, it functions as an infrared search and track system, providing passive target detection and tracking. In an air-to-surface role, it performs target identification and acquisition. It also provides a navigation and landing aid. PIRATE is linked to the pilot’s ].<ref> ''Air Force technology''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			[[File:DASS by numbers.png|thumb|Praetorian DASS <br />
			1. Laser warners<br />
			2. Flare launchers (IR decoys)<br />
			3. Chaff dispensers<br />
			4. Missile warners<br />
			5. Wingtip pods for ESCM<br />
			6. Towed decoy ]]
			Navigation is via both ] and an ]. The Typhoon can use ] (ILS) for landing in poor weather. The aircraft also features an ] (GPWS) based on the ] Terrain Referenced Navigation (TRN) system used by the Panavia Tornado.<ref name="gpws" /> MIDS provides a ] data link.<ref name="MIDS" />
	===Performance===
	] Eurofighter Typhoon T1]]
			The aircraft employs a sophisticated and highly integrated ] named ] (formerly Euro-DASS)<ref name="DASS" /> Praetorian monitors and responds automatically to air and surface threats, provides an all-round prioritised assessment, and can respond to multiple threats simultaneously. Threat detection methods include a ] (RWR), a ] (MWS) and a ] (LWR, only on UK Typhoons). Protective countermeasures consist of ], ]s, an ] (ECM) suite and a towed radar decoy (TRD).<ref name="DASS2" /> The ESM-ECM and MWS consists of 16 antenna array assemblies and 10 radomes.<ref name="EWITEMS" />
	The Typhoon's combat performance, compared to the ] and the upcoming ] fighters and the French ], has been the subject of much discussion.<ref>Sweetman, Bill. ''Aviationweek.com'', 11 August 2008. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> In March 2005, ] Chief of Staff General ], then the only person to have flown both the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Raptor, talked to Air Force Print News about these two aircraft. He said,
			Traditionally each sensor in an aircraft is treated as a discrete source of information; however this can result in conflicting data and limits the scope for the automation of systems, hence increasing pilot workload. To overcome this, the Typhoon employs ] techniques. In the Typhoon, fusion of all data sources is achieved through the Attack and Identification System, or AIS. This combines data from the major on-board sensors along with any information obtained from off-board platforms such as ] and MIDS. Additionally the AIS integrates all the other major offensive and defensive systems (e.g. DASS & communications). The AIS physically comprises two essentially separate units: the Attack Computer (AC) and the Navigation Computer (NC).<ref name="AVI" />
	{{quote|The Eurofighter is both agile and sophisticated, but is still difficult to compare to the ]. They are different kinds of airplanes to start with; it's like asking us to compare a ] car with a ] car. They are both exciting in different ways, but they are designed for different levels of performance. …The Eurofighter is certainly, as far as smoothness of controls and the ability to pull (and sustain high g forces), very impressive. That is what it was designed to do, especially the version I flew, with the avionics, the color moving map displays, etc.&nbsp;— all absolutely top notch. The maneuverability of the airplane in close-in combat was also very impressive.|<ref name="Rapt_Eurof">Lopez, Staff Sgt. C. Todd. ''Air Force Print News'', 22 March 2005.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jsw.newpacificinstitute.org/?p=4315|title=Britain pushes the Eurofighter in Japan|publisher=Japan Security Watch|date=4 February 2011|first=James|last=Simpson|accessdate=31 August 2013}}</ref>}}
			By having a single source of information, pilot workload should be reduced by removing the possibility of conflicting data and the need for cross-checking, improving ] and increasing systems automation. In practice the AIS should allow the Eurofighter to identify targets at distances in excess of {{cvt|150|nmi}} and acquire and auto-prioritise them at over {{cvt|100|nmi}}. In addition the AIS offers the ability to automatically control emissions from the aircraft, so called EMCON (from EMissions CONtrol). This should aid in limiting the detectability of the Typhoon by opposing aircraft further reducing pilot workload.<ref name="Paul S. Owen" />
	In July 2007, Indian Air Force ] fighters participated in the ''Indra-Dhanush'' exercise with Royal Air Force's Typhoon. This was the first time that the two jets had taken part in such an exercise.<ref> ''raf.mod.uk.'' Retrieved: 10 August 2010.</ref><ref> ''raf.mod.uk.'' Retrieved: 10 August 2010.</ref> The IAF did not allow their pilots to use the MKI's radar during the exercise to protect the highly classified ].<ref> ''expressindia.com.'' Retrieved: 10 August 2010.</ref> RAF ] pilots stated the Su-30MKI had superior manoeuvrability, but the IAF pilots were also impressed by the Typhoon's agility.<ref name="AirSceneUK">Parsons, Gary. ''AirSceneUK.'' Retrieved: 21 August 2011.</ref>
			In 2017 a RAF Eurofighter Typhoon demonstrated interoperability with the F-35B using its ] (MADL) in a two-week trial known as Babel Fish III, in the ]. This was achieved by translating the MADL messages into Link 16 format, thus allowing an F-35 in stealth mode to communicate directly with the Typhoon.<ref name="MADL" />
	]]]
			===Radar and sensors===
	The Typhoon is capable of supersonic cruise without using ]s (referred to as '']''). ''Air Forces Monthly'' gives a maximum supercruise speed of Mach 1.1 for the RAF ] multirole version.<ref name="Swing">Ayton, Mark. "Kings of Swing". ''Air Forces Monthly'', Key Publishing, September 2008, pp. 58–67. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> EADS describes an average supercruise speed capability of about Mach 1.5 in an 'air policing' role.<ref> ''Eurofighter.com,'' Retrieved: 18 November 2012.</ref><!---needs a new source---According to the official German Air Force and Austrian Eurofighter website, the maximum speed possible without reheat is between Mach 1.2 and Mach 1.5.<ref> ''Translate.google.com''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>--->{{#tag:ref|Note: Mach 1.21 with center drop tank 2 AIM-9 and 4 AIM-120 missiles.<ref>AFM 198 2005, pp. 39–45.</ref>|group=N}}<ref> </ref> As with the F-22, the Eurofighter can launch weapons while under supercruise in order to extend their ranges via this "running start".<ref></ref>
			====Captor radar====
			{{main|Euroradar CAPTOR}}
			]
			The Euroradar Captor is a mechanical multi-mode pulse Doppler radar designed for the Eurofighter Typhoon. The Eurofighter operates automatic Emission Controls (EMCON) to reduce the electro-magnetic emissions of the current CAPTOR mechanically scanned radar.<ref name="structure" /> The Captor-M has three working channels, one intended for classification of jammer and for jamming suppression.<ref name="CAPCHA" /> A succession of radar software upgrades have enhanced the air-to-air capability of the radar.<ref name="EFW0712" /> These upgrades have included the R2P programme (initially UK only, and known as T2P when 'ported' to the Tranche{{nbsp}}2 aircraft) which is being followed by R2Q/T2Q.<ref name="R2P" /> R2P was applied to eight German Typhoons deployed on Red Flag Alaska in 2012.
	The Eurofighter consortium states their fighter has a higher sustained subsonic turn rate, sustained supersonic turn rate, and faster acceleration at Mach 0.9 at {{convert|20000|ft|m|disp=flip}} than the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref> ''Eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref><ref> ''Eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			;Captor-E AESA variant
	In the 2005 Singapore evaluation, the Typhoon won all three combat tests, including one in which a single Typhoon defeated three RSAF F-16s, and reliably completed all planned flight tests.<ref>Defence Analysis August 2004</ref> In July 2009, Former Chief of Air Staff for the Royal Air Force, Air Chief Marshal Sir ], said that "The Eurofighter Typhoon is an excellent aircraft. It will be the backbone of the Royal Air Force along with the JSF".<ref> ''Defpro.com'', 9 August 2009. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			The ] is an ] derivative of the original Captor radar, also known as CAESAR (from Captor Active Electronically Scanned Array Radar) being developed by the Euroradar Consortium, led by Selex ES.
			] is expected to be fielded as part of the AESA radar upgrade which will give the Eurofighter an all-weather ground attack capability.<ref name="SAR" /> The conversion to AESA will also give the Eurofighter a ] with improved jam resistance.<ref name="AESA1" /> These include an innovative design with a gimbal to meet RAF requirements for a wider scan field than a fixed AESA.<ref name="AESA2" /> The coverage of a fixed AESA is limited to 120° in azimuth and elevation.<ref name="AESA3" /> A senior EADS radar expert has claimed that Captor-E is capable of detecting an ] from roughly {{convert|59|km}} away.<ref name="AESA4" />
	===Radar signature reduction features===
	]
			The first flight of a Eurofighter equipped with a "mass model" of the Captor-E occurred in late February 2014, with flight tests of the actual radar beginning in July of that year.<ref name="AESA5" /> On 19 November 2014 the contract to upgrade to the Captor-E was signed at the offices of EuroRadar lead Selex ES in Edinburgh, in a deal worth €1bn.<ref name="AESA6" /> Kuwait became the launch customer for the Captor-E active electronically scanned array radar in April 2016.<ref name="AESA7" /> Germany has announced the intention to integrate the AESA Captor-E into their Typhoons, beginning in 2022.<ref name="AESA8" />
	Although not designated a ], measures were taken to reduce the Typhoon's ] (RCS), especially from the frontal aspect.<ref name="structure"> ''eurofighter-typhoon.co.uk''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref><ref>Bonelli, Marco Valerio. ''Eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> An example of these measures is that the Typhoon has jet inlets that conceal the front of the jet engine (a strong radar target) from radar. Many important potential radar targets, such as the wing, canard and fin leading edges, are highly swept, so will reflect radar energy well away from the front sector.<ref name="Richardson p113">Richardson 2001, p. 113.</ref> Some external weapons are mounted semi-recessed into the aircraft, partially shielding these missiles from incoming radar waves.<ref name="structure"/> In addition ]s (RAM), developed primarily by ]/], coat many of the most significant reflectors, e.g., the wing leading edges, the intake edges and interior, the rudder surrounds, and strakes.<ref name="structure"/><ref> ''google.com''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> The Typhoon does not use internal storage of weapons. External mounting points are used instead, which increases its radar cross section but allows for more and larger stores.<ref>Pike, John. ''Globalsecurity.org''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			In January 2024, it was announced that the first European Common Radar System (ECRS) MK2 had been fitted to an RAF operated test and evaluation Typhoon ZK355 (BS116), at BAE Systems' site ]. Leonardo and DE&S announced that the initial flight was scheduled to take place later in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |date=2024-01-17 |title=Cutting-edge Typhoon Radar embodied for first flight |url=https://des.mod.uk/cutting-edge-typhoon-radar-embodied-for-first-flight/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Defence Equipment & Support |language=en-GB}}</ref>
	The Eurofighter operates automatic Emission Controls (EMCON) to reduce the Electro-Magnetic emissions of the current mechanically scanned Radar.<ref name="structure"/> The Captor-M was the first NATO-Radar with three rather than two working channels, one intended for classification of jammer and for jamming suppression.<ref> ''google.de''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> The German BW-Plan 2009 indicates that Germany will equip/retrofit their Eurofighters with the AESA Captor-E from 2012.<ref> ''geopowers.com.'' Retrieved: 28 October 2010.</ref> The conversion to AESA will give the Eurofighter a ] with much better jam resistance.<ref>Parker, Ian. ''Aviationtoday.com'', 1 August 2006. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref><ref> ''eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> These include an innovative design with a gimbal to meet RAF requirements for a wider scan field than a fixed AESA.<ref> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 29 May 2008. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> The coverage of a fixed AESA is limited to 120° in azimuth and elevation.<ref> ''Radartutorial.eu''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			The AESA radar program for the Eurofighter is now split into three European Common Radar System (ECRS) variants:
	According to the RAF, the Eurofighter's RCS is better than RAF requirements. Comments from BAE Systems suggest the radar return is around one quarter of that of the ] it replaces.<ref name="structure"/> The Eurofighter is thought to have an RCS of less than one square metre in a clean configuration by author Doug Richardson, although no official value is available.<ref name="Richardson p113"/>
			*ECRS Mk0: also called Radar One Plus, this is the baseline Captor-E model which was developed by Leonardo. Hardware development is complete and it is fitted to aircraft delivered to Kuwait and Qatar.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-01-17 |title=Leonardo to deliver R&D and core parts for ECRS Mk1 E-scan radar |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/leonardo-ecrs-mk1-e-scan-radar/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Airforce Technology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Smith |title=Electrifying Typhoon |url=https://www.baesystems.com/en-uk/feature/electrifying-typhoon |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=]}}</ref>
			*ECRS Mk1: an upgrade of the Mk0 being developed by ]/], for Germany and Spain.<ref name="AESA9" /><ref name="AESA10" /> It will be retrofitted to their Tranche 2 and 3 aircraft, and also fitted to both countries' new Tranche 4 models.<ref name="AESA14" /><ref name="AESA17" /><ref name="20T4" />
			*ECRS Mk2: also known as Radar Two, a different version developed from the ARTS and Bright Adder demonstrators, and from the ] E's ES-05 Raven radar.<ref name="AESA12"/> With ]/attack capabilities, it is being developed by Leonardo for the RAF, and integrated by BAE Systems. It will initially be applied to Tranche 3 aircraft, but the RAF may upgrade Tranche 2 later.<ref name="AESA11" /> Italy has joined development of the ECRS Mk2,<ref name="AESA15" /><ref name="AESA16" /> which was part of the Typhoon offer to Finland for its ].<ref name="AESA14" />
			====IRST{{Anchor|IRST}}====
	The manufacturers have carried out tests on the early Eurofighter prototypes to optimize the low observability characteristics of the aircraft from the early 1990s. Testing at BAE's Warton facility on the DA4 prototype measured the RCS of the aircraft and investigated the effects of a variety of RAM coatings. Another measure to reduce the likelihood of discovery is the use of passive sensors, which minimises the radiation of treacherous electronic emissions. While canards generally have poor stealth characteristics,<ref>Neblett, Evan et al. ''AOE 4124: Configuration Aerodynamics''. Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech., 17 March 2003. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> the flight control system is designed to minimise the RCS in flight, maintaining the elevon trim and canards at an angle to minimise RCS.<ref> ''google.com''. Retrieved: 29 November 2009.</ref><ref>] Dipl.Ing.Knoll about Eurofighter and Stealth, pp. 76–77. (English translation)"] ''google.com''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			{{main|EuroFIRST PIRATE}}
			{{Anchor|PIRATE}}The Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system is an ] (IRST) system mounted on the port side of the fuselage, forward of the windscreen. Selex ES is the lead contractor which, along with ] (system technical authority) and Tecnobit of Spain, make up the EUROFIRST consortium responsible for the system's design and development. Eurofighters starting with Tranche{{nbsp}}1 block{{nbsp}}5 have the PIRATE. The first Eurofighter Typhoon with PIRATE-IRST was delivered to the Italian ] in August 2007.<ref name="PIRATE" /> More advanced targeting capabilities can be provided with the addition of a targeting pod such as the ] pod.<ref name="AUSTERE2" />
			]
			When used with the radar in an air-to-air role, it functions as an infrared search and track system, providing passive target detection and tracking. The system can detect variations in temperature at a long range.<ref name="PIRATE2" /> It also provides a navigation and landing aid. PIRATE is linked to the pilot's ].<ref name="Airforce-TechEF2000" /> It allows the detection of both hot exhaust plumes of jet engines and surface heating caused by friction; processing techniques further enhance the output, giving a near-high resolution image of targets. The output can be directed to any of the Multi-function Head Down Displays, and can also be overlaid on both the Helmet Mounted Sight and the Head Up Display.
			Up to 200 targets can be simultaneously tracked using one of several different modes; Multiple Target Track (MTT), Single Target Track (STT), Single Target Track Ident (STTI), Sector Acquisition and Slaved Acquisition. In MTT mode the system will scan a designated volume space looking for potential targets. In STT mode PIRATE will provide tracking of a single designated target. An addition to this mode, STT Ident allows for visual identification of the target, the resolution being superior to CAPTOR's. When in Sector Acquisition mode PIRATE will scan a volume of space under direction of another onboard sensor such as CAPTOR. In Slave Acquisition, off-board sensors are used with PIRATE being commanded by data obtained from an AWACS or other source. When a target is found in either of these modes, PIRATE will automatically designate it and switch to STT.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
			Once a target has been tracked and identified, PIRATE can be used to cue an appropriately equipped short range missile, i.e. a missile with a high off-boresight tracking capability such as ASRAAM. Additionally the data can be used to augment that of Captor or off-board sensor information via the AIS. This should enable the Typhoon to overcome severe ECM environments and still engage its targets.<ref name="Paul S. Owen" /> PIRATE also has a passive ranging capability<ref name="PIRATE3" /> although the system remains limited when providing passive firing solutions, as it does not have a ].
			===Engines===
			{{main|Eurojet EJ200}}
			The Eurofighter Typhoon is fitted with two Eurojet EJ200 engines, each capable of providing up to 60&nbsp;kN (13,500&nbsp;lbf) of dry thrust and >90&nbsp;kN (20,230&nbsp;lbf) with afterburners. Using the "war" setting, dry thrust increases by 15% to 69&nbsp;kN per engine and afterburners by 5% to 95&nbsp;kN per engine and for a few seconds, up to 102&nbsp;kN thrust without damaging the engine.<ref name="ENGINESPECS" /> The EJ200 engine combines the leading technologies from each of the four European companies, using advanced ]; ] aerofoils and ] turbine blades; and a ] to give high thrust-to-weight ratio, multimission capability, supercruise performance, low fuel consumption, low cost of ownership, modular construction and growth potential.<ref name="ENGINESPECSMTU" />
			] 2013]]
			The Typhoon is capable of supersonic cruise without using ]s (referred to as ]). ''Air Forces Monthly'' gives a maximum supercruise speed of Mach&nbsp;1.1 for the RAF FGR4 multirole version,<ref name="Swing" /> however in a Singaporean evaluation, a Typhoon managed to supercruise at Mach&nbsp;1.21 on a hot day with a combat load.<ref name="SUPERC" /> Eurofighter states that the Typhoon can supercruise at Mach&nbsp;1.5.<ref name="web.archive.org" /> As with the F-22, the Eurofighter can launch weapons while under supercruise to extend their ranges via this "running start".<ref name="RUNNING" /> In 2007, the EJ200 engine had accumulated 50,000 Engine Flying Hours in service with the four Nation Air Forces (Germany, UK, Spain and Italy).<ref name="EJHOURS" />
			]
			The EJ200 engine has the potential to be fitted with a thrust vectoring control (TVC) nozzle, which the Eurofighter and Eurojet consortium have been actively developing and testing, primarily for export but also for future upgrades of the fleet. TVC could reduce fuel burn on a typical Typhoon mission by up to 5%, as well as increase available thrust in supercruise by up to 7% and take-off thrust by 2%.<ref name="THRUSTV" /> Clemens Linden, Eurojet TURBO GmbH CEO, speaking at the 2018 Farnborough International Air Show, said "15 per cent more thrust would allow pilots to operate with a heavily loaded aircraft in the battlespace with the same performance levels as they have today. The technology insertion also provides more persistence – giving aircraft longer range or longer loitering time. To achieve more thrust we would increase the airflow and pressure ratios of the high and low pressure compressors and run higher temperatures in the turbines by using the latest generation single crystal turbine blade materials. And with higher aerodynamic efficiencies we can achieve a lower fuel burn. A third area of improvement would be the engine exhaust nozzle which would be upgraded with the installation of a 2-parametric version allowing independent and optimized adjustment of the throat and exit area at all flight conditions, providing fuel burn advantages. The technologies for the different components are at a ] of between 7 and 9. The nozzle has been at ] in Spain on a test bed for 400 hours."<ref name="EJHRS" />
			===Performance===
			The Typhoon's combat performance, compared to the ] and F-35 Lightning II fighters and the French Dassault Rafale, has been the subject of much discussion.<ref name="COMPARE1" /> In March 2005, ] Chief of Staff General ], then the only person to have flown both the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Raptor, said:
			{{blockquote|The Eurofighter is both agile and sophisticated, but is still difficult to compare to the F/A-22 Raptor. They are different kinds of airplanes to start with; it's like asking us to compare a ] car with a ] car. They are both exciting in different ways, but they are designed for different levels of performance.{{nbsp}}... The Eurofighter is certainly, as far as smoothness of controls and the ability to pull (and sustain high G forces), very impressive. That is what it was designed to do, especially the version I flew, with the avionics, the color moving map displays, etc. — all absolutely top notch. The maneuverability of the airplane in close-in combat was also very impressive. The F/A-22 performs in much the same way as the Eurofighter. But it has additional capabilities that allow it to perform the Air Force's unique missions.<ref name="Rapt_Eurof" />}}
			]
			In the 2005 Singapore evaluation, the Typhoon won all three combat tests, including one in which a single Typhoon defeated three RSAF F-16s, and reliably completed all planned flight tests.<ref>Defence Analysis August 2004</ref> In July 2009, Former Chief of Air Staff for the RAF, Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy, said that "The Eurofighter Typhoon is an excellent aircraft. It will be the backbone of the Royal Air Force along with the JSF."<ref name="TORPY" />
			In July 2007, Indian Air Force ] fighters participated in the ''Indra-Dhanush'' exercise with the RAF's Typhoon. This was the first time the two fighters had taken part in such an exercise.<ref name="INDIA1" /> The IAF did not allow their pilots to use the MKI's radar during the exercise to protect the highly classified Russian ].<ref name="INDIA2" /> The IAF pilots were impressed by the Typhoon's agility.<ref name="AirSceneUK" /> In 2015, Indian Air Force Su-30MKIs again participated in a ''Indra-Dhanush'' exercise with RAF Typhoons.<ref name="INDIA3" />
	===Armament===		===Armament===
	]		]
			==== Air to ground ====
	The Typhoon is a multi-role fighter with maturing air-to-ground capabilities. The initial absence of air-to-ground capability is believed to have been a factor in the type's rejection from ]'s fighter competition in 2005. At the time it was claimed that Singapore was concerned about the delivery timescale and the ability of the Eurofighter partner nations to fund the required capability packages.<ref> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'', 21 February 2006.</ref> Tranche 1 aircraft could drop laser-guided bombs in conjunction with third-party designators but the anticipated deployment of Typhoon to Afghanistan meant that the UK required self-contained bombing capabilities before the other partners.{{#tag:ref|This report has a lot of detail on the RAF austere air-to-ground programme CP193. Typhoon didn't deploy to Afghanistan in the end because the aircraft intended for Britain's first squadrons of multirole Typhoons were diverted to the Saudi order, but CP193 capabilities were used in Libya in 2011.<ref> ''Flight International,'' 14 July 2008. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref>|group=N}} On 20 July 2006 a £73m deal was signed for Change Proposal 193 (CP193) to give an "austere" air-to-surface capability using ] II<ref name=PAC20110404> ''UK Parliament,'' 4 April 2011. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> and ]/] ] ].<ref>Lake, Jon. ''Flight International,'' 21 February 2006. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> just for the RAF Tranche 1 Block 5 aircraft.<ref> ''Eurofighter GmbH,''20 July 2006. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> Aircraft with this upgrade were designated Typhoon FGR4 by the RAF.
			The Typhoon is a multi-role fighter with maturing air-to-ground capabilities. The initial absence of air-to-ground capability is believed to have been a factor in the type's rejection from Singapore's fighter competition in 2005. At the time it was claimed that Singapore was concerned about the delivery timescale and the ability of the Eurofighter partner nations to fund the required capability packages.<ref name="A2G" /> Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft could drop laser-guided bombs in conjunction with third-party designators but the anticipated deployment of Typhoon to Afghanistan meant that the UK required self-contained bombing capabilities before the other partners.<ref name="AUSTERE1" /> In 2006 the UK embarked on the £73m Change Proposal 193 (CP193) to give an "austere" air-to-surface capability using ] and ]/] ] ] for Tranche{{nbsp}}1 Block{{nbsp}}5 aircraft.<ref name="AUSTERE2" /> Aircraft with this upgrade were designated Typhoon FGR4 by the RAF.
			]
	Similar capability will be added to Tranche 2 aircraft on the main development pathway as part of the Phase 1 Enhancements. P1Ea (SRP10) will enter service in 2013 Q1 and adds the use of Paveway IV, EGBU16 and the cannon against surface targets.<ref name=EFW0712>Lake, Jon. ''Eurofighter World (Eurofighter Gmbh)'', July 2012, pp. 8–12. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> P1Eb (SRP12) adds full integration with GPS bombs such as ], ], ] and a new realtime operating system that allows multiple targets to be attacked in a single run.<ref name=EFW0712 /> This new system will form the basis for future weapons integration by individual countries under the Phase 2 Enhancements. A definite schedule has not yet been agreed, but will likely see the ] and ] (Taurus) cruise missiles integrated in 2015, followed by ] anti-tank missiles.<ref name=EFW0712 /> An anti-shipping capability is required by 2017, and such a capability is also important for potential export customers such as India.<ref name=Wall>Wall, Robert. ''Aviation Week,''14 November 2011. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref> The Typhoon can accommodate two ] or three ] under each wing but neither has been integrated yet.<ref name=Wall /> Synthetic Aperture Radar is expected to be fielded as part of the AESA radar upgrade which will give the Eurofighter an all-weather ground attack capability.<ref> ''Defense Industry Daily'', 27 April 2011.</ref>
			Similar capability was added to Tranche 2 aircraft on the main development pathway as part of the Phase{{nbsp}}1 Enhancements. P1Ea (SRP10) entered service in 2013 Q1 and added the use of Paveway IV, EGBU16 and the cannon against surface targets.<ref name="EFW0712" /> P1Eb (SRP12) added full integration with GPS bombs such as ], GBU-16 Paveway II, ] and a new real-time operating system that allows multiple targets to be attacked in a single run.<ref name="EFW0712" /> This new system will form the basis for future weapons integration by individual countries under the Phase{{nbsp}}2 Enhancements. The Storm Shadow and ] (Taurus) cruise missiles, together with the Meteor Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air missile flight trials had been successfully completed by January 2016.<ref name="CRTRIAL" /> The ] and Meteor firings are part of the Phase{{nbsp}}2 Enhancement (P2E) programme which introduced a range of new and improved long range attack capabilities to Typhoon. In addition to Meteor and Storm Shadow, the first live firing of MBDA's Brimstone air-to-surface missile, part of the Phase{{nbsp}}3 Enhancements (P3E) programme, was successfully completed in July 2017.<ref name="P3E" />
			]
	In addition to the missile armament options, the Typhoon also carries a specially developed variant of the ] 27mm cannon armament that was developed originally for the ]. This is a single-barrel, electrically-fired, gas-operated revolver cannon with a new linkless feed system, capable of firing up to 1700 rounds per minute. There was a proposal on cost grounds in 1999 to limit this gun-armament fit to the first 53 batch-1 aircraft destined for the RAF, only on the basis that the guns would be used as ballast and not used operationally,<ref>. Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref> but eventually common-sense prevailed and this decision was reversed in 2006. <ref>Tweedie, Neil. (2006-10-03) . Telegraph. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref>
			German aircraft can carry four ] 1000&nbsp;lb bombs.<ref name="GERGBU" />
			An anti-ship capability has been studied but has not yet been contracted. Weapon options for this role could include ], ], "Sea Brimstone", and ].<ref name="shipping2" /><ref name="Wall" /><ref name="shipping3" />
	The table below gives an overview of weapons, which are compatible with the Typhoon and the hardpoints on which they can be employed. Not all weapons are fully integrated yet and more systems might be added in future production tranches.
			==== Air to air ====
	{| class="wikitable center" style="width:100%;"
			{{expand section|1=details related to its air-to-air armaments|date=January 2020}}
	|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
			The Typhoon also carries a specially developed variant of the ] 27&nbsp;mm cannon that was developed originally for the Panavia Tornado. This is a single-barrel, electrically fired, gas-operated revolver cannon with a new linkless feed system which is located in the starboard wing root, and is capable of firing up to 1700 rounds per minute. There was a proposal on cost grounds in 1999 to limit UK gun-armament fit to the first 53 batch-1 aircraft and not used operationally, but this decision was reversed in 2006.<ref name="CANNON" /> The aircraft carries 150 rounds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Typhoon uses cannon in combat |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/typhoon-uses-cannon-combat |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=ukdefencejournal.org.uk |language=en}}</ref>
	! colspan="17" |]
			] to a Eurofighter]]
			In his 2022 book ''Typhoon'', former RAF pilot Mike Sutton reported that his 27 mm cannon had jammed during a strafing run in ], against ] targets, while supporting Allied ground units. According to his book, the Typhoon was originally intended to be built without an internal gun, like the ] and the ]. A decision to install an internal gun had led to "manufacturing issues". Sutton claimed that, during his staffing run, the gun jammed after 26 rounds, with the HUD showing a "GUN FAIL" warning legend. During the debrief it transpired that the problem was well known to both the pilots and ground crews.<ref>{{cite book |title=Typhoon |last1=Sutton |first1=Mike Sutton |last2=Thurlow |first2=Clifford |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2022 |isbn=978-1405-9503-81 |pages=324–326, 330}}</ref>
			In addition to its air to ground armament; the Typhoon can carry a mixture of air to air weaponry to fulfill its role as an ]. This includes the ], ], and the ] heat seeking missiles; and the ] and the ] ] radar guided missiles. Under Tranche 2, Block 15 EOC (Enhanced Operational Capability) 2; the ] was integrated into the Typhoon's arsenal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luftwaffe Eurofighters get Meteor BVRAAM |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/luftwaffe-eurofighters-get-meteor-bvraam |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=Janes.com |date=19 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> This similar capability was achieved in the RAF under "Project Centurion"; with 107 Tranche 2 and 3 Typhoons modified to be capable to use the Meteor along with ] and ] air to ground missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Defence Secretary announces £539 million investment in new missiles systems |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/defence-secretary-announces-539-million-investment-in-new-missiles-systems |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref>
			{| class="wikitable"
			|+
	|-		|-
			! Weapon
	! Hardpoints:
	! 1		! Users
	! 2
	! 3
	! 4
	! 5 & 6
	! 7 & 8
	! 9
	! 10
	! 11
	! 12
	! Austria
	! Germany
	! Italy
	! Saudi Arabia
	! Spain
	! UK
	|-		|-
			!Guns
	| ] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
			!
	|
	| {{y}}
	| {{y}}
	| {{y}}
	|
	| {{y}}
	|-		|-
			|] autocannon (27mm)
	| ] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
			|Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Austria, Saudi Arabia, Oman
	|
	|
	|
	|
	|
	| {{y}}
	|-		|-
			! colspan="2" |Air-to-air missiles{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
	| ] || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1
	| {{y}}
	| {{y}}
	| {{y}}
	| {{y}}
	| {{y}}
	|
	|-		|-
			|]
	| ] || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || -
			|UK
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|-		|-
			|]
	| ] || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || -
			|Germany, Spain, Italy, Austria, Saudi Arabia
	|
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
	! colspan="17" | ]
	|-		|-
			|]
	| ] || - || - || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || - || -
			|Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Austria, Saudi Arabia, Oman
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ] || - || - || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || - || -
			|Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Saudi Arabia, Oman
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|-		|-
			|]
	| ] || - || 3 || 3 || 3 || - || - || 3 || 3 || 3 || -
			|UK, Germany, Spain, Italy
	|
	|
	|
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|-		|-
			! colspan="2" |Air-to-surface missiles
	| ] || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || -
	|
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|{{y}}
	|-		|-
			| Taurus ]
	| ] || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || -
			|Germany, Spain
	|
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
	! colspan="17" | ]
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ] || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || -
			|UK, Italy, Saudi Arabia
	|
	|
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|- class="hintergrundfarbe5"
	! colspan="17" | ]
	|-		|-
			| ]
	| ] (2000&nbsp;lb) || - || - || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || - || -
			|UK, Germany, Saudi Arabia
	|
	|
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|-		|-
			! colspan="2" |Air-to-surface guided bombs
	| ] (1000&nbsp;lb) || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || -
	|
	|
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|-		|-
	| ] (2000&nbsp;lb) || - || - || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || - || -		| ] (GBU-10) 2,000 lb bomb
			|Spain
	|
	|
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|-		|-
			| Paveway II (GBU-16) 1,000 lb bomb
	| ] (1000&nbsp;lb) || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || -
			|UK, Spain, Oman
	|
	|{{y}}
	|
	|
	|{{y}}
	|{{y}}
	|-		|-
			| Paveway II (GBU-48) 1,000 lb bomb
	| ] (500&nbsp;lb) || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || -
			|UK, Germany, Spain, Saudi Arabia
	|
	|		|-
			| ]
	|
			|UK, Saudi Arabia
	|
	|		|-
			|] (GBU-54)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flugrevue.de/laser-jdam-fuer-den-eurofighter-diehl-und-boeing-kooperieren-bei-gbu-54/ |title=Laser JDAM für den Eurofighter: Diehl und Boeing kooperieren bei GBU-54 |date=2018-05-02 |access-date=2019-04-27 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025232101/https://www.flugrevue.de/laser-jdam-fuer-den-eurofighter-diehl-und-boeing-kooperieren-bei-gbu-54/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://esut.de/2020/09/meldungen/featured/22893/lenkbomben-gbu-54-fuer-eurofighter/ |title=Lenkbomben GBU-54 für Eurofighter |date=2020-09-24 |access-date=2020-09-24}}</ref>
	|{{y}}
			|Germany
	|}		|}
	==Operational history==		==Operational history==
			{{main|Eurofighter Typhoon procurement}}
			===Austrian Air Force (''Luftstreitkräfte'')===
	===Entry into service===
			] Eurofighter ''7L-WA'' in flight to ], July 2007]]
	On 4 August 2003, Germany accepted the first series production Eurofighter (GT003).<ref>Hoeveler, Wolfdietrich. ''Eurofighter GmbH'', 4 August 2003. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> Also that year, Spain took delivery of its first series production aircraft.<ref>Hoeveler, Wolfdietrich. ''Eurofighter GmbH'', 5 September 2003. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			In 2002, Austria selected the Typhoon as its new air defence aircraft, it having beaten the F-16 and the Saab Gripen in competition.<ref name="AUSTRIANOS" /> The purchase of 18 Typhoons was agreed on 1 July 2003, however this was reduced to 15 in June 2007.<ref name="AUSTRIANOS" /> The first aircraft (''7L-WA'') was delivered on 12 July 2007 to ] and formally entered service with the ].<ref name="AUDEL" /> A 2008 report by the Austrian ] calculated, that instead of getting 18 Tranche{{nbsp}}2 jets at a price of €109{{nbsp}}million each, as stipulated by the original contract, the revised deal, agreed to by Minister Norbert Darabos, meant that Austria was paying an increased unit price of €114{{nbsp}}million for 15 partially used, Tranche{{nbsp}}1 jets.<ref name="AUT1" /> In July 2008, the Luftstreitkräfte assigned the Eurofighter to ] (QRA) duties, by the end of the year they had been scrambled 73 times.<ref name="QRA73" />
	On 16 December 2005, the Typhoon reached initial operational capability (IOC) with the Italian Air Force. Its Typhoons were put into service as air defence fighters at ] Air Base, and immediately assigned to Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) at the same base.<ref> ''aeronautica.difesa.it.'' Retrieved: 20 February 2011.</ref>
			Austrian prosecutors are investigating allegations that up to €100{{nbsp}}million was made available to lobbyists to influence the original purchase decision in favour of the Eurofighter.<ref name="AUP" /> By October 2013, all Typhoons in service with Austria had been upgraded to the latest ''Tranche{{nbsp}}1'' standard.<ref name="austrias" /> In 2014, due to defence budget restrictions, there were only 12 pilots available to fly the 15 aircraft in Austria's Air Force.<ref name="AUF" /> In February 2017, Austrian defence minister ] accused Airbus of fraudulent intent following a probe that allegedly unveiled corruption linked to the order of Typhoon jets.<ref name="AUSS" />
	On 9 August 2007, the UK's Ministry of Defence reported that ] of the RAF, which stood up as a Typhoon squadron on 29 March 2007, had taken delivery of its first two multi-role Typhoons.<ref name="11sqnRAF"> ''Raf.mod.uk'', 9 January 2007. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> Two of 11 Squadron's Typhoons were sent to intercept a Russian ] approaching British airspace on 17 August 2007.<ref> ''Mod.uk''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> The RAF Typhoons were declared combat ready in the air-to-ground role by 1 July 2008.<ref> ''Mod.uk''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> The RAF Typhoons were projected to be ready to deploy for operations by mid-2008.<ref name="11sqnRAF"/>
			In July 2017, the Austria Defence Ministry announced that it would be replacing all its Typhoon aircraft by 2020. The ministry said continued use of its Typhoons over their 30-year life span would cost about €5{{nbsp}}billion with the bulk being for maintenance. By comparison it is estimated that buying and operating a new fleet of 15 single-seat and three twin-seat fighters would save €2{{nbsp}}billion over that period. Austria plans to explore a government-to-government sale or lease agreement to avoid a lengthy and costly tender process with a manufacturer. Possible replacements include the Gripen and the F-16.<ref name="AUSTREP" />
	On 11 September 2008, the combined flying time of the five customer Air Forces and the industrial Flight Test programme saw aircraft pass the 50,000 flight hours milestone.<ref> ''Eurofighter.com'' , 11 September 2008. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> On 31 March 2009, a Eurofighter Typhoon fired an AMRAAM whilst having its radar in passive mode for the first time; the necessary target data for the missile was acquired by the radar of a second Eurofighter Typhoon and transmitted using the Multi Functional Information Distribution System (MIDS).<ref> ''Eurofighter.com'', 1 April 2009. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> In January 2011, the entire Typhoon fleet passed the 100,000 flying hours mark .<ref name=hours> ''www.baesystems.com'', 25 January 2011. Retrieved: 28 January 2011.</ref> In September 2013, the worldwide Eurofighter fleet achieved over 200,000 flight hours. At the time, 378 aircraft had been delivered, with 571 on order.<ref> - Defenseworld.net, 9 September 2013</ref>
			On 20 July 2020, a letter written by Indonesia's defence minister, ], was published by Indonesian news outlets expressing interest in acquiring Austria's entire fleet of Typhoon jets.<ref>{{cite web|work=]|last=Yeo |first=Mike |date=20 July 2020 |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2020/07/20/indonesia-says-it-wants-to-buy-austrias-entire-typhoon-fighter-fleet/ |title=Indonesia says it wants to buy Austria's entire Typhoon fighter fleet |access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref>
	===United Kingdom===
	] aircraft over the North Atlantic Ocean.]]
	]
			===German Air Force (''Luftwaffe'')===
	Around 25 April 2008 a Typhoon from 17 Squadron at ], operating at the US ] test centre in California, USA, suffered extensive damage during landing when its landing gear did not deploy.<ref>Hoyle, Craig. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 28 April 2008. Retrieved: 1 November 2009.</ref> Although no immediate cause was determined it was speculated that pilot error may have been to blame.<ref> ''telegraph.co.uk.'' Retrieved: 2 April 2010.</ref> The ] observed in 2011 that the distribution of the Eurofighter's parts supply and repairs over several countries has led to ], long timescales for repairs and the ] of some aircraft to keep others flying.<ref> ''National Audit Office, United Kingdom''. Retrieved: 30 April 2011.</ref>
			]
	In September 2009, four RAF Typhoons were deployed to ] replacing the ]s defending the ]. The government of ] "is understood to have made a formal protest".{{cn|date=September 2013}}
			On 4 August 2003, the German Air Force accepted its first series production Eurofighter (''30+03'') starting the replacement process of the ]s inherited from the ].<ref name="GER1ST" /> The first Luftwaffe Wing to accept the Eurofighter was '']'' "Steinhoff" on 30 April 2004 at ].<ref name="FirstLWING" /> The second Wing was '']'' (JG74) on 25 July 2006, with four Eurofighters arriving at ], beginning the replacement of JG74's ]s.<ref name="REPLACEF4" />
	On 18 March 2011, British Prime Minister ] announced that the UK would deploy Typhoons, alongside ]s, to enforce a ].<ref></ref> On 20 March 10 Typhoons from RAF Coningsby and RAF Leuchars arrived at the ] airbase in southern Italy.<ref> ''Walesonline,'' 20 March 2011. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> On 21 March RAF Typhoons flew their first ever combat mission while patrolling the no-fly Zone.<ref> ''mod.uk.'' Retrieved: 23 March 2011.</ref> On 29 March, it was revealed that the RAF were short of pilots to fly the required number of sorties over Libya and were having to divert personnel from Typhoon training in order to meet the shortfall.<ref> ''telegraph.co.uk.'' Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			The ''Luftwaffe'' assigned their Eurofighters to QRA on 3 June 2008, taking over from the F-4F Phantom II.<ref name="QRA" />
	On 12 April 2011, a mixed pair of RAF Typhoon and Tornado GR4<ref> ''British Forces News,''15 April 2011. Retrieved: 30 April 2011.</ref> dropped ]s on ground vehicles operated by Gaddafi forces that were parked in an abandoned tank park.<ref>Harding, Thomas. ''The Daily Telegraph (UK),'' 14 April 2011. Retrieved: 30 April 2011.</ref> ], ] ], revealed during the ]'s Aerospace 2011 conference in London, that each aircraft dropped one ] 454&nbsp;kg (1,000&nbsp;lb) laser-guided bomb which struck "very successfully and very accurately". The event represented "a significant milestone in the delivery of multi-role Typhoon."<ref>Hoyle, Craig. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 13 April 2011.</ref> Target designation was provided by the Tornados with their ] targeting pods due to the lack of Typhoon pilots trained in air-to-ground missions.<ref>Hoyle, Craig. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 15 April 2011.</ref>
			On 28 October 2014, while deployed to ] in Estonia as part of the NATO ] mission, German Eurofighters scrambled and intercepted seven ] aircraft over the ].<ref name="BALTIC" />
	The UK's then Defence Secretary Liam Fox admitted on 14 April 2011 that Britain's Eurofighter Typhoon jets were grounded last year due to shortage of spare parts. The RAF has been "cannibalising" aircraft for spare parts in a bid to keep the maximum number of Typhoons operational on any given day. The Ministry of Defence had warned the problems were likely to continue until 2015.<ref> ''defensnews.com'' via ''Agence France-Presse,'' 15 April 2011.</ref>
			The Luftwaffe once again provided Baltic Air Policing at Ämari Air Base between 31 August 2020 and April 2021, having taken over from ] of the ].<ref name="BALTIC2" />
	In July 2012, UK Defence Secretary ] suggested that a follow-on buy of F-35A aircraft would be determined by the Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) in 2015, with the aim of replacing the UK's Typhoons around 2030.<ref>Hewson, Robert. ''IHS Janes'', 27 July 2012.</ref> The UK is to decide what mix of manned and unmanned aircraft to replace its Eurofighters with sometime between 2015 and 2020.<ref> ''Reuters'', 18 July 2012.</ref>
			On 5 June 2024, the German chancellor announced plans to purchase another twenty Eurofighters.<ref>Sprenger, Sebastian. . Defense News, 5 June 2024.</ref>
	===Italy===
	On 17 July 2009, Italian Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons were deployed to protect ]'s airspace.<ref> ''Eurofighter.com'', 17 July 2009. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			German Eurofighters took part in ] held by the ] from 6 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Air drills bring new thrust to India, Germany defense ties – DW – 08/05/2024 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-germany-air-drills-mark-defense-partnership-milestone/a-69862725 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-06 |title=India's first ever multinational air exercise 'Tarang Shakti' begins at Sulur Air Force Station |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/indias-first-ever-multinational-air-exercise-tarang-shakti-begins-at-sulur-air-force-station/articleshow/112324197.cms |access-date=2024-08-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
	On 29 March 2011, Italian Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons began flying combat air patrol missions in support of NATO's Operation Unified Protector in Libya.<ref> ''flightglobal.com'', 17 July 2009. Retrieved: 6 August 2013.</ref>
			===Italian Air Force (''Aeronautica Militare'')===
	==Exports==
			], September 2015]]
	The partner companies have divided the world into regions with BAE selling Typhoons to the Middle East, Alenia Aermacchi pitching to Turkey, and EADS selling to Latin America, India and South Korea.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref>
			On 16 December 2005, the F-2000 Typhoon reached initial operational capability (IOC) with the ] (''Aeronautica Militare''). Its F-2000 Typhoons were put into service as air defence fighters at the ] Air Base, and immediately assigned to QRA at the same base.<ref name="Italy_IOC" />
			On 17 July 2009, Italian Air Force F-2000A Typhoons were deployed to protect Albania's airspace.<ref name="ALBANIA" /> On 29 March 2011, Italian Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons began flying combat air patrol missions in support of NATO's ] in ].<ref name="ITLIBYA" />
	===Austria===
	] Typhoon in flight]]
			Between January and August 2015, four ''Aeronautica Militare'' F-2000A Typhoons (from 36º and 37º ''Stormo'') were deployed to ] in northern Lithuania as part of the Baltic Air Policing mission.<ref name="ITLITH" />
	On 2 July 2002, the Austrian government announced the decision to buy the Typhoon as its new air defence aircraft, the Typhoon having beaten the ] and the ] in competition.<ref>Green, Peter. ''International Herald Tribune'' via ''NYTimes.com,'' 3 July 2002. Retrieved: 9 January 2012.</ref> The purchase of 18 Typhoons was agreed on 1 July 2003, and included training, logistics, maintenance, and a simulator. On 26 June 2007, Austrian Minister for Defense Norbert Darabos announced a reduction to 15 aircraft.<ref>Heinrich, Mark. '']'', 26 June 2007. Retrieved: 27 June 2007.</ref> The first aircraft was delivered on 12 July 2007 and formally entered service in the Austrian Air Force.<ref> ''eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011</ref> A 2008 report by the Austrian Government oversight office, the ], calculated that instead of getting 18 Tranche 2 jets at a price of €109 million each, as stipulated by the original contract, the revised deal agreed by Minister Darabos meant that Austria was paying an increased unit price of €114 million for 15 partially used, Tranche 1 jets.<ref>Rhys Thompson, Andrew. ''ISN Security Watch'' via ''isn.ethz.ch,'' 17 June 2009. Retrieved: 9 January 2012.</ref> Austrian prosecutors are investigating allegations that up to 100 million Euros were made available to lobbyists to influence the purchase decision in favour of the Eurofighter.<ref> ''Agence France-Presse'' via ''Defensenews.com,'' 2 September 2011. Retrieved: 9 January 2012.</ref>
			{{Clear}}
	===Saudi Arabia===		===Kuwait Air Force===
			On 11 September 2015, Eurofighter confirmed that an agreement had been reached to supply Kuwait with 28 aircraft.<ref name="kuwait" /> On 1 March 2016, the ] approved the procurement of 22 single-seat and six twin-seat Typhoons.<ref name="KUWOPTS" /> On 5 April 2016, Kuwait signed a contract with Leonardo valued at €7.957{{nbsp}}billion ($9.062{{nbsp}}billion) for the supply of the 28 aircraft, all to tranche 3 standard.<ref name="KUWCONT" /> The Kuwaiti aircraft will be the first Typhoons to receive the Captor-E AESA radar, with two instrumented production aircraft from the UK and Germany currently undergoing ground-based integration trials. The Typhoons will be fitted with Leonardo's Praetorian defensive aids suite and PIRATE infrared search and track system. The contract involves the production of aircraft in Italy and covers logistics, operational support and the training of flight crews and ground personnel. It also encompasses infrastructure work at the ], where the Typhoons will be based. Aircraft deliveries will begin in 2020.<ref name="KUWFI" />
	]
	On 18 August 2006 it was announced that ] had agreed to purchase 72 Typhoons.<ref>Pfeifer, Sylvia and Stephen Fidler. ], 18 August 2006. Retrieved: 26 October 2006.</ref> In December 2006 it was reported in the ] that Saudi Arabia had threatened to buy French Rafales because of a UK ] investigation into the ] ("the dove") defence deals which commenced in the 1980s.<ref>Morgan, Oliver. ''The Guardian'', 3 December 2006. Retrieved: 20 December 2006.</ref>
			===Qatar Emiri Air Force===
	On 14 December 2006, Britain's attorney general, ], ordered that the Serious Fraud Office discontinue its investigation in the BAE Systems' alleged bribery to senior Saudi officials in the al-Yamamah contracts, citing "the need to safeguard national and international security".<ref> ''Reuters'', 14 December 2006. Retrieved: 14 December 2006.</ref> '']'' has raised the possibility that RAF production aircraft will be diverted as early Saudi Arabian aircraft, with the service forced to wait for its full complement of aircraft.<ref name="TimesSaudi">Evans, Michael. ''The Times'', 9 January 2007. Retrieved: 11 January 2007.</ref> This arrangement would mirror the diversion of ] to the RSAF. ''The Times'' has also reported that such an arrangement will make the UK purchase of its Tranche 3 commitments more likely.<ref name="TimesSaudi"/> On 17 September 2007, ] confirmed it had signed a GB£4.43&nbsp;billion contract for 72 aircraft.<ref name="saucontract">Oliver, Emmet and Massoud A. Derhally. ''bloomberg.com'', 17 September 2007. Retrieved: 12 October 2009.</ref> 24 aircraft will be at the Tranche 2 build standard, previously destined for the UK RAF, the first being delivered in 2008. The remaining 48 aircraft were to be assembled in Saudi Arabia and delivered from 2011,<ref> ''Airforce-technology.com'', 30 June 2003. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> but following contract renegotiations in 2011 it was agreed that all 72 aircraft would be assembled by BAE Systems in the UK with the last 24 aircraft being built to Tranche 3 capability.<ref>Hoyoa, Carola. ''Financial Times'' via ''FT.com,'' 4 January 2012. Retrieved: 5 January 2012.</ref> Saudi Arabia is considering an order of 24 additional jets in the future,<ref> ''Reuters''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> more recent reports suggest that number may be as high as 60<ref>Barrie, Douglas. ''Aviation Week'', 13 July 2008. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> or 72,<ref>Pfeifer, Sylvia and Stephen Fidler. ''Ft.com'', 11 August 2008. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> but this may have been superseded by Saudi Arabia's request in August 2010 to purchase 84 new F-15s.<ref> ''Wall Street Journal,'' 20 October 2010.</ref>
			From January 2011 the ] (QEAF) evaluated the Typhoon, alongside the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, the ], the Dassault Rafale, and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, to replace its then inventory of ]. On 30 April 2015 Qatar announced that it would order 24 Rafales.<ref name="QATRAFA" />
			In December 2017 a deal for Qatar to buy 24 jets and a support and training package from BAE was announced, scheduled to begin in 2022.<ref name="Qatarbbc" /> In September 2018, Qatar made the first payment for the procurement of 24 Eurofighter Typhoons and nine ] aircraft to BAE.<ref name="QATPAYM" />
	On 29 September 2008 the United States ] approved the sale, required because of a certain technology governed by the ] process which was incorporated into the ] of the Eurofighter.<ref>Sevastopulo, Demetri and Sylvia Pfeifer. ''FT.com'', 23 October 2008. Retrieved: 18 May 2011.</ref><ref> ''deagel.com'', 26 September 2008. Retrieved: 18 May 2011.</ref><ref>Blanchard, Christopher M. ''Congressional Research Service'', 30 April 2009.</ref><ref>Reynolds, Matthew. ''United States Department of State'', 29 September 2008.</ref>
			===Royal Air Force (UK)===
	On 22 October 2008, the first Typhoon in the colours of the Royal Saudi Air Force flew for the first time at BAE Systems’ Warton Aerodrome, marking the start of the test flight programme for RSAF aircraft.<ref>Earnshaw, Paul and John Neilson. ''Baesystems.com'', 22 October 2008. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> Following the official handover of the first Eurofighter Typhoon to the Royal Saudi Air Force on 11 June 2009, the delivery ferry flight took place on 23 June 2009. Since 2010, BAE Systems has been training Saudi Arabian personnel at their factory in Warton, in preparation for setting up an assembly plant in Saudi Arabia.<ref> ''defenseindustrydaily.com.'' Retrieved: 17 August 2010.</ref>
			] at ], June 2004. This was the first RAF full production aircraft to fly.]]
			The UK's first Typhoon Development Aircraft (DA-2) ''ZH588'' made its maiden flight on 6 April 1994 from Warton.<ref name="DA2" /> On 1 September 2002, ] was reformed at Warton as the Typhoon Operational Evaluation Unit (TOEU), receiving its first aircraft on 18 December 2003.<ref name="RAFFGR4" /> The first RAF production aircraft to take to the air was ''ZJ800'' (BT001) on 14 February 2003, completing a 21-minute flight.<ref name="FIRSTP" /> The next Typhoon squadron to be formed was ] which formed as the Typhoon Operational Conversion Unit (OCU).<ref name="RAFFGR4" /> The first operational RAF Typhoon squadron to be formed was ] on 31 March 2006, when it moved to RAF Coningsby.<ref name="RAFOPER" />
	===Oman===
	During the 2008 ] it was announced that Oman was in an "advanced stage" of discussions towards purchasing Typhoons as a replacement for its ] aircraft.<ref> ''Aviation Week''. Retrieved: 30 November 2009.</ref><ref>Barrie, Douglas. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 18 July 2008. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> Through 2010 Oman remained interested in ordering Typhoons<ref> ''BBC'', 2 April 2010.</ref> though the Saab JAS 39 Gripen was also being considered.<ref> ''Tactical Report'', 3 June 2010. Retrieved: 1 August 2010.</ref>
			No. 3 (F) Squadron Typhoon F2s took over QRA responsibilities from the ] on 29 June 2007, initially alternating with the Tornado F3 every month.<ref name="QRA2" /> On 9 August 2007, the UK's MoD reported that ] of the RAF, which stood up as a Typhoon squadron on 29 March 2007,<ref name="11sqnRAF" /> had taken delivery of its first two multi-role Typhoons.<ref name="RAFMULTI" /> Two of No. XI (F) Squadron's Typhoons were sent to intercept a Russian ] approaching British airspace on 17 August 2007.<ref name="RAFINT" /> The RAF Typhoons were declared combat ready in the air-to-ground role by 1 July 2008.<ref name="RAFSURF" /> The RAF Typhoons were projected to be ready to deploy for operations by mid-2008.<ref name="11sqnRAF" />
	In April 2010, Oman revealed negotiations for an order of 18 F-16s;<ref>Trimble, Stephen. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 8 April 2010. Retrieved: 17 August 2010.</ref> a follow-up order for an additional 12 F-16C/D Block 50s was announced in December 2011.<ref>Hoyle, Craig. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 14 December 2011. Retrieved: 18 December 2011.</ref>
			In late 2009, four RAF Typhoons were deployed to ], replacing the Tornado F3s of ] defending the ].<ref name="FALKLANDS" /> No.{{nbsp}}6 Squadron stood up at ] on 6 September 2010, making Leuchars the second RAF base to operate the Typhoon.<ref name="6SQN" />
	On 21 December 2012, the ] became the Typhoon's seventh customer when BAE Systems and Oman announced a deal for 12 Typhoons to enter service in 2017.<ref> ''BBC'' ,' 21 December 2012. Retrieved: 21 December 2012.</ref>
			] escorting a Russian ] aircraft over the North Atlantic Ocean, August 2008]]
	===Potential exports===
			On 20 March 2011 ten Typhoons from RAF Coningsby and RAF Leuchars arrived at the ] in southern Italy to enforce a ] alongside Panavia Tornado GR4s.<ref name="LIBYANFZ" /> On 21 March, RAF Typhoons flew their first-ever combat mission while patrolling the no-fly zone.<ref name="RAF1ST" /> On 29 March, it was revealed that the RAF was having to divert personnel from Typhoon training to meet the shortfall in pilots available to fly the required number of sorties over Libya.<ref name="LIBYASHORT" /> On 12 April 2011, a RAF Typhoon and a Tornado GR4 dropped ]s on ground vehicles operated by Gaddafi forces.<ref name="LIBYAPGB" /> The RAF said that each aircraft dropped one GBU-16 Paveway II 454&nbsp;kg (1,000&nbsp;lb) laser-guided bomb which struck "very successfully and very accurately represented] a significant milestone in the delivery of multi-role Typhoon."<ref name="LIBYA1ST" /> Target designation was provided by the Tornados with their Litening III targeting pods due to the lack of Typhoon pilots trained in air-to-ground missions.<ref name="WITHTORNADO" />
	]
			The National Audit Office observed in 2011 that the distribution of the Eurofighter's parts supply and repairs over several countries has led to parts shortages, long timescales for repairs, and the ] of some aircraft to keep others flying.<ref name="NAO" /> The UK's then Defence Secretary ] admitted on 14 April 2011 that Britain's Eurofighter Typhoon jets were grounded in 2010 due to shortage of spare parts. The RAF "cannibalised" aircraft for spare parts in a bid to keep the maximum number of Typhoons operational on any given day. The MoD warned that the problems were likely to continue until 2015.<ref name="RAFCAN" />
	====Bahrain====
	On 8 August 2013, BAE officials commented that the ] is considering buying the Eurofighter Typhoon. The Eurofighter Typhoon is being considered along with the ], ], and ] for Bahrain's future fighter needs.<ref> - Armedforces-Int.com, 8 August 2013</ref>
			On 15 September 2012, ] stood up at RAF Leuchars, joining No.{{nbsp}}6 Squadron as the second Typhoon unit to operate in Scotland.<ref name="rafl" /> On 22 April 2013, ] (TES) began operating the Typhoon from RAF Coningbsy.<ref name="RAF41" />
	====Canada====
	In December 2012, the Canadian government decided that F-35 costs were much higher than earlier anticipated and hence are looking at the Eurofighter as well as 4 other fighters to replace their aging ].<ref></ref>
			By July 2014, a dozen RAF Tranche 2 Typhoons had been upgraded with Phase{{nbsp}}1 Enhancement (P1E) capability to enable them to use the Paveway IV guided bomb; the Tranche{{nbsp}}1 version had used the ] in combat over Libya, but the Paveway IV can be set to explode above or beneath a target and to hit at a set angle.
	====Malaysia====
	In December 2009, BAE Systems announced plans to market the Typhoon to the ] (RMAF) to replace its ]Ns. According to the Regional Director-Business Development Dave Potter, the Typhoon's multi-role capabilities allow it to replace the MiG-29N.<ref> '']'', 2 December 2009. Retrieved: 9 December 2009.</ref> Other contenders include Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, ], Dassault Rafale, JAS 39 Gripen NG, ], and ].<ref> ''Bernama'', 2 December 2009. Retrieved: 9 December 2009.</ref>
			No. II (AC) Squadron became the fifth RAF Typhoon squadron on 12 January 2015 at RAF Lossiemouth.<ref name="IISQN" /> In July 2015, it was reported that Typhoons from No. II (AC) Squadron were training with ]s in an Air-Maritime Integration (AMI) role, conceding that the service had recently neglected the role following the decommissioning of the ] Maritime Patrol aircraft.<ref name="MARITIME" /> In the ] (SDSR), the UK decided to retain some of the Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft to increase the number of front-line squadrons from five to seven and to extend the out-of-service date from 2030 to 2040 as well as implementing the Captor-E AESA radar in later tranches.<ref name="SDSR" /> In 2015, Typhoons were deployed to Malta as security for the ].<ref name="GHOGM" />
	====Peru====
	On 4 February 2013 Spain announced a proposed sale of 18 Tranche 1 aircraft to ], at a reported value of €45 million ($61 million) each. The intention is to transfer aircraft currently in Spanish service within a year of contract signing. Talks had been ongoing since November 2012 to boost the depleted ], and the proposal was formally submitted in mid-January 2013. The Eurofighter airframes have approximately 600 flight hours.<ref></ref>
			On 3 December 2015, six Typhoon FGR4s deployed to ] to support operations against ISIL. The following evening the Typhoons, accompanied by Tornados, attacked targets in Syria.<ref name="SYRIA" />
	====Qatar====
	The ] is, as of January 2011, evaluating the Typhoon together with the Lockheed Martin F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, the Boeing F-15 and the Dassault Rafale to replace its current inventory of ]s. The total order for 24–36 aircraft was to be decided on by the end of 2012.<ref>Hunt, John. "Desert Storm". ''Qatar Today'', December 2010, pp. 61–62.</ref><ref> ''The National,'' 6 January 2011.</ref>
			In October 2016, four Typhoon FGR4s from No. II (AC) Squadron, supported by an ] aerial tanker and a ], deployed to ] in Japan for the first bilateral exercises with non-US forces hosted by the JASDF.<ref name="JAPAN16" />
	====Serbia====
	In 2010, the government of ] displayed open interest in the Eurofighter.<ref> ''Flight International'', 2010. Retrieved: 18 June 2010.</ref>
			], May 2020. This was the penultimate Typhoon to be delivered to the RAF.]]
	====South Korea====
			On 14 December 2017, it was announced No. 12 (B) Squadron would stand as a joint RAF/Qatari Air Force squadron, with the Qatari crew temporarily operating Typhoons to prepare them for their own Typhoon deliveries in 2022.<ref name="QATTEMP" /> On 29 January 2018, the RAF announced that 16 twin-seat Typhoons would undergo the Return to Produce (RTP) process in an effort to save £800{{nbsp}}million, with each airframe producing £50M of spare parts.<ref name="RTP" /> This move also reflected the switch from two-seat trainer to single-seat pilot training and greater use of training simulators. In addition, the two-seat airframes were primarily from Tranche{{nbsp}}1 and could not be equipped with Tranche{{nbsp}}3 and later upgrades such as Captor-E.<ref name="RTP2" />
	In July 2011, ] was invited to join the Eurofighter project as a full member,<ref>Tae-hoon, Lee. ''Korea Times'', 3 July 2011.</ref> though in July 2013 Seoul balked at the high cost of all contenders, including the Boeing F-15 Silent Eagle, Lockheed Martin F-35, and Eurofighter Typhoon for its ] fighter requirement.<ref>. Koreaherald.com (2013-07-05). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref> However both Lockheed and EADS failed to submit bids under the stipulated terms and budget.<ref></ref>
			On 1 April 2019, ] officially converted from the Tornado GR4 to the Typhoon FGR4, becoming an aggressor and air defence squadron at Lossiemouth.<ref name="9Sqn" /> In April, four Typhoons of No. XI (F) Squadron deployed from RAF Coningsby to Ämari Airbase, Estonia, to undergo a four month long NATO Baltic policing mission (Op AZOTIZE).<ref name="AZOTIZE2019" /> Five Typhoons of No.{{nbsp}}6 Squadron participated in the Arctic Challenge Exercise (ACE) in Sweden from 22 May to 4 June.<ref name="RAFACE" /> No. 12 Squadron were assigned their first Typhoon FGR4 in July 2019.<ref name="12SQN" /> The 160th, and last, Typhoon (''ZK437'') was delivered to the RAF on 27 September 2019.<ref name="RAFLAST" />
	====United Arab Emirates====
	In November 2012, the UK government announced the formation of a formal defence and industrial partnership with the ], paving the way for potential Typhoon sales with BAE Systems.<ref>]</ref>
			Between November and December 2019, No. 1(F) Squadron deployed to ] in Iceland as part of NATO's Icelandic Air Policing Mission.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemanth |date=2019-11-15 |title=UK sends Typhoon aircraft to support Icelandic Air Policing Mission |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/uk-typhoon-icelandic-air-policing/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> During this one-month deployment the aircraft conducted more than 180 practice intercepts and 59 training sorties.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemanth |date=2019-12-11 |title=RAF Eurofighter Typhoon jets conclude Nato Air Policing mission in Iceland |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/raf-typhoon-nato-air-policing-iceland/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>
	====Others====
	Other potential customers of the Typhoon are Denmark, Norway<ref> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 6 April 2006. Retrieved: 11 July 2007.</ref> and ]. BAE Systems reported in 2009 that Typhoon is "actively being promoted in a number of other markets including Greece, Switzerland, Turkey and Japan".<ref> ''Baesystems.com'', 14 February 2008. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			Between April and September 2020, No. 6 Squadron deployed to ], Lithuania, as part of Operation Azotize.<ref name="AZOTIZE2020" /><ref name="AZOTIZE2020end" /> While deployed the squadron participated in Exercise BALTOPs 2020.<ref name="BALTOPs" /> In July 2020, No. 12 Squadron began operating as a joint RAF-QEAF unit at RAF Coningsby.<ref name="12SQN 2" />
	===Failed bids===
			On 22 March 2021 the ] announced the retirement of all Tranche 1 Typhoons by 2025, with the remaining fleet being upgraded.<ref name="2021DCP" /> Also in 2021 the UK launched the P3Ec package, due for delivery in 2024, including several upgrades, including replacing the ]s with a Large Area Display (LAD).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/uk-launches-p3ec-enhancement-package-for-typhoon|title=UK launches P3Ec enhancement package for Typhoon|website=Janes.com|date=6 August 2021 }}</ref> On 14 December 2021 the RAF executed its first operational air-to-air engagement with a Typhoon, shooting down a small hostile drone with an ] near the ] coalition base in Syria.<ref name="a2akill">{{cite news |title=First air-to-air engagement by RAF Typhoon carried out in Syria |url=https://www.forces.net/news/first-air-air-engagement-raf-typhoon-carried-out-syria |access-date=16 December 2021 |work=] |date=16 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=mod-20211216>{{cite news |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/update-air-strikes-against-daesh |title=Update: air strikes against Daesh |via=gov.uk |publisher=Ministry of Defence |date=16 December 2021 |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>
	====Greece====
	In 1999, the Greek government agreed to acquire 60 Typhoons in order to replace its existing second-generation combat aircraft.<ref> '']'', 16 July 1999. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> The purchase was put on hold due to budget constraints, largely driven by other development programmes and the need to cover the cost of the ]. In June 2006 the government announced a €22&nbsp;billion multi-year acquisition plan intended to provide the necessary budgetary framework to enable the purchase of a next-generation fighter over the next 10 years and the Typhoon was under consideration to fill this requirement.<ref> '']'', 26 June 2006. Retrieved: 2 December 2009.</ref> In December 2011 it was announced that the Eurofighter consortium office in Greece was to close because Greece would not be in a position to order any new aircraft before 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_22/12/2011_419725|title=Eurofighter consortium leaves Greece|publisher=Ekathimerini.com|date=22 December 2011|accessdate=24 July 2013}}</ref>
			On 7 September 2022 during the joint UK/US ] 'Atlantic Thunder' a 41 Squadron Typhoon successfully hit the ex-] with Paveway IVs, becoming the first RAF Typhoon to strike a naval target with live ordnance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atlantic Thunder 2022: The speed, lethality of a U.K.-U.S. integrated force |url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3168502/atlantic-thunder-2022-the-speed-lethality-of-a-uk-us-integrated-force/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navy.mil%2FPress-Office%2FNews-Stories%2FArticle%2F3168502%2Fatlantic-thunder-2022-the-speed-lethality-of-a-uk-us-integrated-force%2F |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=United States Navy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=British and American forces obliterate former US warship during impressive test of firepower |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2022/september/23/220923--british-and-american-forces-obliterate-former-us-warship-during-impressive-test-of-firepower |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=www.royalnavy.mod.uk |language=en}}</ref>
	====India====
	Eurofighter was one of the six aircraft competing for the ] for 126 multi-role fighters. In April 2011, the ] (IAF) shortlisted the Dassault Rafale and Eurofighter Typhoon for the US$10.4&nbsp;billion contract.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Chakravarty, Pratap|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/india-shortlists-rafale-eurofighter-for-jet-deal-20110428-1dyzr.html|title=India Shortlists Rafale, Eurofighter for Jet Deal|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|date=28 April 2011|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref> On 31 January 2012, the IAF announced the Rafale as the preferred bidder in the competition.<ref name="Times">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Dassault-Rafale-wins-MMRCA-deal-beating-Eurofighter-Typhoon/articleshow/11700801.cms|title=Dassault Rafale wins MMRCA deal beating Eurofighter Typhoon|newspaper=Times of India|date=31 January 2012|accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref><ref name="MMRCA Rafale">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-31/news/31010328_1_eurofighter-dassault-and-eads-iaf|title=Dassault Rafale bags $10.4 bn deal to supply 126 multi-role combat aircraft to IAF with an option to buy ~80 more jets|newspaper=Economic Times|date=31 January 2012|accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref> As at May 2013, the deal has yet to be finalised.<ref>. Dmilt.com, 13 May 2013.</ref>
			Between 18 and 22 September 2023, Typhoons from 41 Squadron took part in the Finnish led Exercise ‘Baana 23’. During this exercise, the aircraft performed landings and takeoffs from a highway in ], marking a first for any Eurofighter operator.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ESD |date=2023-09-28 |title=RAF Typhoons Operate from Highway in Finland - European Security & Defence |url=https://euro-sd.com/2023/09/news/34276/raf-typhoons-operate-from-highway-in-finland/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=euro-sd.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
	====Japan====
	In March 2007, ] reported that the Typhoon was the favourite to win the contest for Japan's next-generation fighter requirement.<ref name="japanposbuy">Grevatt, Jon. '']'', 21 March 2007. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> The other competitors then were the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and ].<ref name="japanposbuy"/> On 17 October 2007, Japanese Defence Minister ] confirmed that Japan may buy the Typhoon. Although the ] was in his words "exceptional", it was not "absolutely necessary for Japan", and the Typhoon was the best alternative.<ref> '']'', 17 October 2007. Retrieved: 20 October 2007.</ref> The F-22 is currently ] per US law. During a visit to Japan in June 2009, Andy Latham of BAE pointed out that while F-22 exports were restricted to keep advanced military technology from falling into the wrong hands, selling the Typhoon would take a "no black box approach", that is that even licensed production and integration with Japanese equipment would not carry the risk of leakage of restricted military technology.<ref>Hongo, Jun. ''japantimes.co.jp'', 12 June 2009. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> In July 2010, it was reported that the ] favoured acquiring the F-35 ahead of the Typhoon and the F/A-18E/F to fulfill its F-X requirement due to its stealth characteristics, but the Defense Ministry was delaying its budget request to evaluate when the F-35 would be produced and delivered.<ref> ''Daily Yomiuri Online,'' 27 July 2010.</ref> David Howell of the UK Foreign Office has suggested that Japan could partner with Britain in the continuing development of the Eurofighter.<ref>Hollingsworth, William. ''Japan Times online,'' 29 September 2011.</ref> On 20 December 2011, the Japanese Government announced its intention to purchase 42 F-35s. The purchase decision was influenced by the F-35's stealth characteristics, with the Defence Minister ] saying, "There are changes in the security environment and the actions of various nations and we want to have a fighter that has the capacity to cope".<ref>Dickie, Mure. ''Financial Times via FT.com'', 20 December 2011. Retrieved: 20 December 2011.</ref>
			On 12 January 2024, at 2:30 am local time, four RAF Typhoons dropped ] bombs on two military facilities, used by ] to launch drone and missile strikes on ships in the ], as a part of the ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Typhoon jets - supported by a Voyager refuelling aircraft - dropped Paveway bombs on 2 military facilities used by Houthis to launch drone and missile strikes |url=https://www.twitter.com/haynesdeborah/status/1745612465226801604 |website=www.twitter.com | access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Air strikes against Houthi military targets in Yemen |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/air-strikes-against-houthi-military-targets-in-yemen |website=www.gov.uk |date=12 January 2024 | access-date=2024-01-12 |language=en}}</ref>
	====Singapore====
	In 2005 the Eurofighter was a contender for Singapore's next generation fighter requirement competing with the ] and the Dassault Rafale. The Eurofighter was eliminated from the competition in June 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/06/13/199178/typhoon-hit-by-singapore.html|title=Typhoon hit by Singapore|publisher=''Flight International'' via flightglobal.com|date=13 June 2005|accessdate=24 July 2013}}</ref> and the F-15SG was selected in September 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/09/13/201504/singapore-finally-opts-for-f-15t.html|title=Singapore finally opts for F-15T|author=Ionides, Nicholas|publisher=''Flight International''|date=13 September 2005|accessdate=24 July 2013}}</ref>
			On 13 April 2024, RAF Typhoons shot down an unspecified number of ]s during the ]. The Typhoons, based in Cyprus and Romania, were operating in Iraqi and Syrian airspace as part of ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-68810774 |title=RAF fighter jets shot down Iran drones, Rishi Sunak says |last1=Gregory |first1=James |last2=Durbin |first2=Adam |date=14 April 2024 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC News |access-date=25 April 2024}}</ref>
	====South Korea====
	In 2002, the ] chose the ] over the Dassault Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon and Sukhoi Su-35 for its 40 aircraft ] fighter competition.
	====Switzerland====		===Royal Air Force of Oman===
			During the 2008 Farnborough Airshow it was announced that ] was in an "advanced stage" of discussions to order Typhoons as a replacement for its ] aircraft.<ref name="OMAN1" /> On 21 December 2012, the ] (RAFO) became the Typhoon's seventh customer when BAE and Oman announced an order for 12 Typhoons to enter service in 2017.<ref name="OMANORDER" /> The first of the Typhoons (plus Hawk Mk 166) ordered by Oman were "formally presented to the customer" on 15 May 2017. This included a flypast by a RAFO Typhoon.<ref name="OMAN2" />
	In February 2007, it was reported that Switzerland was considering the Eurofighter, the Rafale and the ] to replace its ]s.<ref>''Le Temps'', 13 February 2007.</ref> A one-month evaluation started in October 2008 at ] consisting of approximately 30 evaluation flights.<ref>''Neue Zuercher Zeitung'', 9 October 2008.</ref> On 30 November 2011 the ] announced that it was planning to buy 22 Gripen NGs due to its lower acquisition and maintenance costs.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Hoyle, Craig|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/rafale-team-fights-back-after-swiss-gripen-win-365471/|title=Rafale team fights back after Swiss Gripen win|newspaper=Flight International|date=30 November 2011|accessdate=19 February 2012}}</ref> A leaked ] evaluation report revealed that the Rafale won the competition on technical grounds and Dassault offered to lower the price for 18 Rafales.<ref>{{cite web|author=Pocock, Chris|url=http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/singapore-air-show/2012-02-14/rafale-blowing-hot-again-switzerland-uae|title=Rafale blowing hot again in Switzerland|quote=The Rafale was the clear winner of the SAF evaluation, with the Eurofighter second, but the Swiss government opted for the cheaper Gripen package|work=AIN Online|date=14 February 2012|accessdate=19 February 2012}}</ref>
	====Turkey====		===Royal Saudi Air Force===
			], December 2009]]
	Turkey was considering a purchase of Eurofighter, but in 2009 it decided to purchase a larger number of ] and it has subsequently stated that "Eurofighter is off Turkey's agenda".<ref>Enginsoy, Ümit. '']'', 16 December 2010.</ref><ref>Enginsoy, Ümit. ''Hurriyetdailynews.com'', 9 October 2009. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			In August 2006, Saudi Arabia confirmed it had agreed to purchase 72 Typhoons for the ] (RSAF).<ref name="SAUDI1" /> In December 2006, it was reported in ''The Guardian'' that Saudi Arabia had threatened to buy Rafales because of a UK ] (SFO) investigation into the ] which commenced in the 1980s.<ref name="SAUDI2" />
			On 14 December 2006, Britain's attorney general, ], ordered that the SFO discontinue its investigation into BAE Systems' alleged bribery of senior Saudi officials in the Al-Yamamah contracts, citing "the need to safeguard national and international security".<ref name="aly" /> ''The Times'' raised the possibility that RAF production aircraft would be diverted as early Saudi Arabian aircraft, with the RAF forced to wait for its full complement of aircraft.<ref name="TimesSaudi" /> This arrangement would mirror the diversion of RAF Tornados to the RSAF. ''The Times'' also reported that such an arrangement would make the UK purchase of its Tranche{{nbsp}}3 commitments more likely.<ref name="TimesSaudi" /> On 17 September 2007, Saudi Arabia confirmed it had signed a £4.43&nbsp;billion contract for 72 aircraft.<ref name="saucontract" /> 24 aircraft would be at the Tranche{{nbsp}}2 build standard, previously destined for the UK RAF, the first being delivered in 2008. The remaining 48 aircraft were to be assembled in Saudi Arabia and delivered from 2011, however following contract renegotiations in 2011, it was agreed that all 72 aircraft would be assembled by BAE Systems in the UK, with the last 24 aircraft being built to Tranche{{nbsp}}3 capability.<ref name="SAUDI3" />
			On 29 September 2008, the ] approved the Typhoon sale, required because of a certain technology governed by the ] (ITAR) process which was incorporated into the MIDS of the Eurofighter.<ref name="ITAR" />
			On 22 October 2008, the first RSAF Typhoon made its maiden flight at Warton.<ref name="SAUDI4" /> Since 2010, BAE has been training Saudi Arabian personnel at Warton.<ref name="SAUDI5" />
			By 2011, 24 Tranche 2 Eurofighter Typhoons had been delivered to Saudi Arabia, consisting of 18 single-seat and six two-seat aircraft. After that, BAE and Riyadh entered into discussions over configurations and price of the rest of the 72-plane order. On 19 February 2014, BAE announced that the Saudis had agreed to a price increase.<ref name="SAUDI6" /> BAE announced that the last of the original 72 Typhoons had been delivered to Saudi Arabia in June 2017.<ref name="Saudi0617" />
			RSAF Typhoons are playing a central role in the Saudi-led ].<ref name="YEMEN" /> In February 2015, Saudi Typhoons attacked ISIS targets over Syria using Paveway IV bombs for the first time.<ref name="SAUDISYR" />
			On 9 March 2018, a memorandum of intent for the additional 48 Typhoons was signed during Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's visit to the United Kingdom,<ref name="SAUDI7" /> however the deal has not been completed due to German arms sanctions implemented in November 2018 in response to the ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20220224-saudi-arabia-slams-germanys-arms-embargo/ |title=Saudi Arabia slams Germany's arms embargo |date=24 February 2022}}</ref>
			===Spanish Air and Space Force===
			]
			The first Spanish production Eurofighter Tifón to fly was ''CE.16-01'' (ST001) on 17 February 2003, flying from ].<ref name="ST001" /> The Spanish Air and Space Force assigned their Typhoons to QRA responsibilities in July 2008.<ref name="QRA" />
			On 7 August 2018, a Spanish Air and Space Force Typhoon, on a training exercise near ] in Estonia, released an AMRAAM missile by mistake. There were no casualties, but the ten-day search operation for missile remains was unsuccessful and the status of the missile is unknown, whether it self-destructed in the air or landed unexploded and left a hazardous situation for the public. The pilot was disciplined for negligence, but received only the minimum penalty in the light of undisclosed mitigating circumstances.<ref name="SPAEST" />
			{{Clear}}
			==Sales and marketing==
			{{main|Eurofighter Typhoon procurement}}
			===Germany===
			Germany placed an order for an additional 38 Tranche 4 Typhoons on 11 November 2020 under the Quadriga Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurofighter/NETMA sign Quadriga contract for new Eurofighter Typhoons |url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news/eurofighternetma-sign-quadriga-contract-for-new-eurofighter-typhoons |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Eurofighter Typhoon |language=en}}</ref> The aircraft are due to replace Tranche 1 aircraft currently in service, with the first airframe being announced as in production in November 2022. Deliveries are due to take place from 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Germany begins 'Quadriga' Eurofighter build |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/germany-begins-quadriga-eurofighter-build |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Janes.com |date=10 November 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
			In March 2022, the German government announced the decision to purchase Typhoon EK over the ] to replace the ageing ] from 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remarkable turnaround sees Germany pick F-35 and Eurofighter ECR |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/remarkable-turnaround-sees-germany-pick-f-35-and-e/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website= Shephard - shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref> On 30 November 2023, the Bundestag budget committee formally announced the plans to convert 15 Typhoons to Electronic Warfare standard.<ref name="twz.com">{{Cite web |last=Trevithick |first=Joseph |date=2023-11-30 |title=Electronic Warfare Typhoon EK Fighter To Join German Air Force |url=https://www.twz.com/electronic-warfare-typhoon-ek-fighter-to-join-german-air-force |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The War Zone |language=en}}</ref>
			On 5 June 2024, it was announced that an additional 20 Typhoons would be ordered on top of the 38 already on order.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sprenger |first=Sebastian |date=2024-06-05 |title=Germany leans into Eurofighter with new order of 20 jets |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/06/05/germany-leans-into-eurofighter-with-new-order-of-20-jets/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref>
			=== Italy ===
			On 23 December 2024, an order worth €7.5 billion was placed for 24 aircraft.<ref name="ItalyOrderDec24" /><ref name=":0" />
			===Spain===
			The Spanish Air and Space Force has a requirement for a further 45 Typhoons split across two contracts.
			Halcon I was signed in June 2022 for the purchase of 20 aircraft will begin deliveries from 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurofighter, NETMA and Eurojet sign Halcón contract for new Eurofighter Typhoons |url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news/eurofighter-netma-and-eurojet-sign-halcon-contract-for-new-eurofighter-typhoons |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Eurofighter Typhoon |language=en}}</ref> The contract is for 16 single-seat and four twin-seat airframes, all at Tranche 4 standard. These aircraft are expected to replace the ] of Ala 46, based at ] on the Canary Islands.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ila-2022-spain-signs-for-halcon-eurofighters | title=ILA 2022: Spain signs for Halcon Eurofighters | date=23 June 2022 }}</ref>
			Halcon II followed on 12 September 2023 for the acquirement of a further 25 Typhoons.<ref name="HALCON2" /> These aircraft will replace the rest of the EF-18 Hornet fleet which is due to be decommissioned in 2030. The Spanish Government announced that these aircraft would be of Tranche 5 configuration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFC 2023: Airbus details Eurofighter Halcon standards for Spain |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ifc-2023-airbus-details-eurofighter-halcon-standards-for-spain |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Janes.com |date=7 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
			===Saudi Arabia===
			In October 2016, it was reported that BAE Systems was in talks with Saudi Arabia over an order for another 48 aircraft.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-06 |title=BAE Systems in arms talks with Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-37575599 |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 9 March 2018, a memorandum of intent for the additional 48 Typhoons was signed during ]'s visit to the United Kingdom.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-09 |title=Saudi Arabia nears Typhoon jet deal with BAE |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43347848 |access-date=2024-04-25 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
			In January 2024, the German government announced that it would no longer block the sale of 48 Typhoons to Saudi Arabia.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Sprenger |first1=Sebastian |last2=Gosselin-Malo |first2=Elisabeth |date=2024-01-08 |title=German leaders abandon blockade of Eurofighter sale to Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2024/01/08/german-leaders-abandon-blockade-of-eurofighter-sale-to-saudi-arabia/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> As of February 2024, there has been no official confirmation that the sale will go ahead as other aircraft have been considered to strengthen the Royal Saudi Air Force's combat fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WDS: Three-way dogfight for Saudi fighter order {{!}} Times Aerospace |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/news/events/wds-three-way-dogfight-for-saudi-fighter-order |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=www.timesaerospace.aero}}</ref>
			===Egypt===
			In January 2023, reports surfaced that ] would acquire 24 Typhoons as part of a wider $10–12 Billion arms package from Italy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt grows its modern family {{!}} Times Aerospace |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/egypt-grows-its-modern-family |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=www.timesaerospace.aero}}</ref>
			===Turkey===
			] has also expressed interest, amid US hesitance on delivering the latest block F-16s, and has started negotiations with the UK.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/turkey-confirms-interest-in-eurofighter-typhoons-says/?amp|title=Turkey Confirms Interest in Eurofighter Typhoons; Says Negotiating with Europe Amid F-16 Uncertainty |date=27 September 2022}}</ref> Defense Minister ] has underscored Turkey's continued interest in acquiring Typhoons, asserting that they remain a compelling alternative, despite recent disagreements with Germany over the potential purchase. "If we can realize the issues we talked about with our friends, maybe we won't need it, but we do now. The Eurofighter is a very good alternative, and we want to buy it," Güler said in a televised interview with private broadcaster NTV on 11 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkiye-still-seeking-eurofighter-deal-despite-german-reluctance-188543|title=Türkiye 'still seeking Eurofighter deal' despite German reluctance |date=11 December 2023}}</ref> Turkey expects the United States to approve a proposed sale of new F-16 jets and modernization kits in return for Ankara finally green-lighting Sweden's admission into NATO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/28/turkey-sweden-nato-erdogan-foreign-policy-history-us-europe-west/|title=This week, Turkey's parliament finally approved Sweden's bid for NATO |date=28 January 2024}}</ref> It was revealed in November that Turkey was in talks with the United Kingdom and Spain over procuring 40 Typhoons. Any sale would require Germany's approval, which is not forthcoming. President ] has been in Germany since the negotiations were revealed, but has not raised the issue with German Chancellor ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/pauliddon/2024/01/02/the-regional-context-of-turkeys-eurofighter-bid/?sh=742fff93160b|title=The Regional Context Of Turkey's Eurofighter Bid|website=] |date=2 January 2024}}</ref>
			On 13 November 2024 the Turkish Defense Minister Yasar Güler confirmed the purchase of 40 Typhoons after Germany gave its consent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Charlie |first=Kowalenko |date=13 November 2024 |title=Turkey Confirms Purchase of 40 Eurofighter Typhoon Jets as Regional Dynamics Shift |url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2024/11/13/turkey-eurofighter-typhoon-jets/ |website=Greek City Times}}</ref>
			===Others===
			Other countries have expressed interest in the fighter, including Serbia,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Serbia interested in new, surplus Eurofighter Typhoons from UK |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/serbia-interested-in-new-surplus-eurofighter-typhoons-from-uk |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Janes.com |date=19 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Bangladesh,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weapon System of Choice |url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news/weapon-system-of-choice |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Eurofighter Typhoon |language=en}}</ref> Colombia,<ref>{{Cite web |last=InfoDefensa |first=Revista Defensa |title=Airbus DS ofrece 15 Eurofighter Tranche 3 a Colombia |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3126599/airbus-ds-ofrece-15-eurofighter-tranche-3-colombia |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa |language=es}}</ref> and Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Díaz (diazpez) |first=Pablo |date=2022-08-27 |title=F-22, F-35, Gripen and Eurofighter: Ukraine Air Force openly requests for western fighters |url=https://www.aviacionline.com/2022/08/f-22-f-35-gripen-and-eurofighter-ukraine-air-force-openly-requests-for-western-fighters/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Aviacionline.com |language=es}}</ref>
			The following countries have formally eliminated the Typhoon from their respective fighter programs: Belgium,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-25 |title=Belgium picks Lockheed's F-35 over Eurofighter on price |website=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aerospace-belgium/belgium-picks-lockheeds-f-35-over-eurofighter-on-price-idUSKCN1MZ1S0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025145835/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aerospace-belgium/belgium-picks-lockheeds-f-35-over-eurofighter-on-price-idUSKCN1MZ1S0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2018-10-25 |access-date=2024-04-25}}</ref> Denmark,<ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0Y30VL/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> Singapore,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Singapore Drops Eurofighter from Critical Contract - Defense Industry Daily |url=https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/singapore-drops-eurofighter-from-critical-contract-0401/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website= |language=en}}</ref> South Korea,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waldron2013-11-22T07:57:38+00:00 |first=Greg |title=South Korea to obtain 40 F-35As |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/south-korea-to-obtain-40-f-35as/111801.article |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Flight Global |language=en}}</ref> Switzerland,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Machi |first=Vivienne |date=2022-09-19 |title=Swiss leaders sign $6.25 billion contract for F-35 fighter jets |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/09/19/swiss-leaders-sign-625-billion-contract-for-f-35-fighter-jets/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> and Finland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=2021-12-06 |title=Finland Chooses F-35 As Its Next Fighter: Report |url=https://www.twz.com/43392/finland-chooses-f-35-as-its-next-fighter-report |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The War Zone |language=en}}</ref>
	==Variants==		==Variants==
	{{Main|Eurofighter Typhoon variants}}		{{main|Eurofighter Typhoon variants}}
	The Eurofighter is produced in single-seat and twin-seat variants. The twin-seat variant is not used operationally, but only for training. The aircraft has been manufactured in three major standards; seven Development Aircraft (DA), seven production standard Instrumented Production Aircraft (IPA) for further system development<ref>Hoeveler, Wolfdietrich and Philip Lee. ''Eurofighter GmbH'', 16 January 2008. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> and a continuing number of Series Production Aircraft. The production aircraft are now operational with the partner nation's air forces.		The Eurofighter is produced in single-seat and twin-seat variants. The twin-seat variant is not used operationally, but only for training, though it is combat capable. The aircraft has been manufactured in three major standards; seven Development Aircraft (DA), seven production standard Instrumented Production Aircraft (IPA) for further system development,<ref name="IPA" /> and a continuing number of Series Production Aircraft. The production aircraft are now operational with the partner nation's air forces.
	The Tranche 1 aircraft were produced from 2000 onwards. Aircraft capabilities are being increased incrementally, with each software upgrade resulting in a different standard, known as blocks.<ref name="efb5">Hoeveler, Wolfdietrich and Philip Lee. ''Eurofighter.com'', 15 November 2006. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> With the introduction of the block 5 standard, the R2 retrofit programme began to bring all Tranche 1 aircraft to that standard.<ref name="efb5"/>		The Tranche 1 aircraft were produced from 2000 onwards. Aircraft capabilities are being increased incrementally, with each software upgrade resulting in a different standard, known as blocks.<ref name="efb5" /> With the introduction of the block{{nbsp}}5 standard, the R2 retrofit programme began to bring all Tranche{{nbsp}}1 aircraft to that standard.<ref name="efb5" />
	==Operators==		==Operators==
			{{main|Eurofighter Typhoon procurement}}
	]
	] Typhoon]]
	]
	]
			=== Summary ===
	;{{AUT}}
			{| class="wikitable"
	* ] – 15 delivered<ref name="Reuters"> ''Reuters'', 9 June 2010. Retrieved: 1 August 2010.</ref>
			! rowspan="2" style="width: 150px;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black; text-align:left" |Operators
	**]<ref name="EF Site"> ''eurofighter.com''. Retrieved: 1 August 2010.</ref>
			! colspan="6" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black" |Eurofighter Typhoon
			Orders
			! colspan="6" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black" |Eurofighter Typhoon
			Deliveries
			! rowspan="2" style="border-right:dashed 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |Losses
			! rowspan="2" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |Retired
			! rowspan="2" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |In service
			! rowspan="2" style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |Notes
			|-
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 1</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 2</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 3A</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 4</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 4+ / 5</small>
			! style="width: 50px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Total</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 1</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 2</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 3A</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 4</small>
			! style="width: 37px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black" |<small>Tranche 4+ / 5</small>
			! style="width: 50px;border-top:dashed 2px black;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black; text-align:left" |<small>Total</small>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Austria}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |15
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurofighter's Rough Ride in Austria Continues - Defense Industry Daily |url=https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/eurofighter-set-for-rough-ride-in-austria-updated-02701/ |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=defenseindustrydaily |language=en}}</ref>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Germany}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>33</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>79</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>31</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>38</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>201</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>33</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(0 / -2)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>79</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-2 / -1)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>31</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+38}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+20}}</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>143</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-2</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-3</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |138
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-05 |title=Germany orders more Eurofighter EF2000 Typhoons |url=https://www.key.aero/article/germany-orders-more-eurofighter-ef2000-typhoons |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=www.key.aero |language=en}}</ref>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Italy}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>28</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>47</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>21</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>24</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>120</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>28</small><br><small>{{font color||#FFE18B|(-27)}}</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / 0)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>47<br>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / 0)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>21<br>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / 0)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+24}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>96</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-3</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |93
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-18 |title=Italian parliament approves EUR 7.47 billion purchase of Eurofighter jets |url=https://defence-industry.eu/italian-parliament-approves-eur-7-47-billion-purchase-of-eurofighter-jets/ |access-date=2024-12-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Insight: What does the future hold for the Eurofighter Typhoon combat aircraft? {{!}} Shephard |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/insight-what-does-the-future-hold-for-the-eurofighter-typhoon-combat-aircraft/ |access-date=2024-12-21 |website=www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Kuwait}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>28</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>28</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>13</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|(+15)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>15</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |15
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=alert5 |date=2024-03-08 |title=Kuwait to take delivery of remaining Eurofighter jets |url=https://alert5.com/2024/03/08/kuwait-to-take-delivery-of-remaining-eurofighter-jets/ |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Alert 5 |language=en-US}}</ref>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Oman}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |12
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oman completes Typhoon deliveries {{!}} Times Aerospace |url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/oman-completes-typhoon-deliveries |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=www.timesaerospace.aero}}</ref>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Qatar}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>24</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>12</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>36</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>22</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|(+2)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+12}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>22</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |22
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-09 |title=Qatar confirms purchase of 12 additional Eurofighter Typhoon jets |url=https://defence-industry.eu/qatar-confirms-purchase-of-12-additional-eurofighter-typhoon-jets/ |access-date=2024-12-20 |language=en}}</ref>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>48</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>24</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>72</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>48</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / 0)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>24</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>72</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-1</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |71
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>https://aviationweek.com/system/files/datasheets/10-11-asd_10_16_2023.pdf</ref>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|Spain}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>19</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>34</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>45</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>118</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>19</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-2 / 0)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>34</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-2 / 0)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>20</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>0</small><br><small>{{font color||#CEF2E0|+45}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>73</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-4</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>0</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |69
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-06 |title=IFC 2024: Eurofighter, Spain to finalise Halcon II buy as negotiations conclude |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/ifc-2024-eurofighter-spain-to-finalise-halcon-ii-buy-as-negotiations-conclude |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241120104014/https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/ifc-2024-eurofighter-spain-to-finalise-halcon-ii-buy-as-negotiations-conclude |archive-date=20 November 2024 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Default |language=en}}</ref>
			|-
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black" |<small>{{flag|United Kingdom}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>53</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>67</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>40</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>160</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>53</small><br><small>{{font color||#FFE18B|(-30)}}</small><br><small>{{font color||#F2CECE|(-1 / -22)}}</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>67</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>40</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			| style="text-align:right" |<small>–</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>160</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:dashed 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-1</small>
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |<small>-22</small>
			! style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |137
			| style="width: 35px;border-right:solid 2px black" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allison |first=George |date=2024-05-03 |title=Britain’s Typhoon fleet: Counts and variants revealed |url=https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/britains-typhoon-fleet-counts-and-variants-revealed/ |access-date=2024-12-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
			|-
			! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:left" |TOTAL
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |148
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |275
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |200
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |119
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |20
			! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |762
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |148
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |275
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |183
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |0
			! style="border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |0
			! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |608
			! style="border-right:dashed 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |'''-11'''
			! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |-25
			! style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;text-align:right" |572
			| style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black" |
			|}
			{{legend-table|#CEF2E0|To be delivered|#FFE18B|To be retired|#F2CECE|Losses / retired}}
			=== Current operators ===
	;{{GER}}
			]
	* ] – 143 ordered, of which 100 have been delivered {{as of|2013|2|lc=on}}.<ref> ''cassidian.com,'' 28 February 2013. Retrieved: 1 March 2013.</ref>
	**] Richthofen
			; {{AUT}}
	**] Steinhoff<ref name="EF Site"/>
			* ] – 15 delivered<ref name="Reuters" /> and 3 more ordered as of October 2022.<ref>{{cite web | work = Die Presse | url= https://www.diepresse.com/6198418/drei-neue-eurofighter-fuer-das-heer | title=Drei neue Eurofighter für das Heer | date=4 October 2022 | language = de}}</ref>
	**]<ref name="EF Site"/>
			**]
	**] Boelcke<ref name="EF Site"/>
			***]<ref name="EF Site" />
			; {{GER}}
			* ] – 143 ordered, and all delivered.<ref name="L143" /> As of 30 November 2023, 141 are in service.<ref name="twz.com"/> 38 Tranche 4 aircraft on order under Project Quadriga.<ref name="Quadriga">{{cite web |url= https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2020/11/airbus-signs-contract-for-38-eurofighters-with-germany.html|title = Airbus signs contract for 38 Eurofighters with Germany | publisher = Airbus |access-date= 16 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/german-parliament-commits-to-acquisition-of-38-eurofighter-jets/|title=German Parliament commits to acquisition of 38 Eurofighter jets|website=Airforce-technology |date=9 November 2020}}</ref> 15 Aircraft to be upgraded to Typhoon EW (Electronic Warfare) standard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundestag approves Eurofighter EK |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/bundestag-approves-eurofighter-ek |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Janes.com |date=30 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
			**]
			***] ''"Boelcke"'', 311 & 312 Staffel at<ref name="EF Site" />
			**]
			*** ] ''"Richthofen", 711 Staffel<ref name="L71" />
			**]
			*** ] "Steinhoff", 731 & 732 Staffel. (OCU formation)<ref name="EF Site" />
			**]
			*** ], 741 & 742 Staffel<ref name="EF Site" />
			**]
			***]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-19 |title=WTD 61 |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/en/organization/equipment/organization/wtd-61 |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=www.bundeswehr.de |language=en}}</ref>
	;{{ITA}}		;{{ITA}}
			* ] – 96 ordered with 96 delivered and 93 in operation as of August 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-2020/135665.article|title = World Air Forces 2020|publisher=]|year=2020|access-date= 4 June 2020|url-access= registration}}</ref> An additional 24 aircraft were ordered on 23 December 2024 for €7.5 billion.<ref name="ItalyOrderDec24">{{cite web |title=Italy places order for up to 24 Eurofighter Typhoon jets |url=https://www.leonardo.com/en/press-release-detail/-/detail/23-12-2024-italy-places-order-for-up-to-24-eurofighter-typhoon-jets |website=Leonardo |access-date=23 December 2024 |date=23 December 2024}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Amante |first1=Angelo |last2=Segreti |first2=Giulia |date=2024-07-08 |title=Italy to spend 7.5 bln euros on new Eurofighter jets, document shows |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/italy-spend-75-bln-euros-new-eurofighter-jets-document-shows-2024-07-08/ |website=Reuters}}</ref>
	* ] – 96 ordered, of which 62 have been delivered as of May 2012,<ref> ''Eurofighter.com.'' Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref>
			**], ] "Amedeo d'Aosta" (4th Wing)<ref name="Eurofighter AM" />
	**], ]
	***9º Gruppo Caccia<ref name="EF Site"/>		*** 9° Gruppo Caccia (9th Fighter Squadron)
	***20º Gruppo Caccia OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation<ref name="EF Site"/>		*** 20° Gruppo OCU Caccia (20th Fighter Operational Conversion Squadron)
			**], 36° Stormo ''"Riccardo Hellmuth Seidl"'' (36th Wing)<ref name="Eurofighter AM" />
	**], ]
	***10º Gruppo Caccia<ref name="EF Site"/>		*** 10° Gruppo Caccia (10th Fighter Squadron)
	***12º Gruppo Caccia<ref name="EF Site"/>		*** 12° Gruppo Caccia (12th Fighter Squadron)
			**], 37° Stormo ''"Cesare Toschi"'' (37th Wing)<ref name="Eurofighter AM" />
	**], ]
	***18º Gruppo Caccia<ref name="EF Site"/>		*** 18° Gruppo Caccia (18th Fighter Squadron)
			**], 51° Stormo ''"Ferruccio Serafini"'' (51st Wing)<ref>{{cite web |title=Difesa Aerea: i velivoli del 51° Stormo pronti allo scramble |url= http://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/comunicazione/notizie/Pagine/Difesa-Aerea-i-velivoli-del-51%C2%B0-Stormo-pronti-allo-scramble-.aspx |publisher=Italian Air Force |access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref>
			*** 132° Gruppo Caccia (132nd Fighter Squadron)
			**], Reparto Sperimentale Volo<ref>{{Cite web |last=daniele.sebastiani |date=2023-05-04 |title=Reparto Sperimentale di Volo: missione addestrativa conclusiva per i nuovi "DISPLAY PILOT" e "DISPLAY CREW" |url=https://www.aeronautica.difesa.it/2023/05/04/reparto-sperimentale-di-volo-missione-addestrativa-conclusiva-per-i-nuovi-display-pilot-e-display-crew/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Aeronautica Militare |language=it-IT}}</ref>
			;{{KWT}}
			*] – 28 ordered<ref name="KuwaitContractSigned" /> with 13 delivered as of 31 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuwait receives four more Eurofighter Typhoons {{!}} Shephard |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/kuwait-receives-four-eurofighter-typhoons/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref>
			**], Al Jahra District
			***7 Squadron
			***18 Squadron
			;{{OMN}}
			*] – 12 ordered in December 2012<ref name="OMANORDER" /> with all delivered by June 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/defence/oman-completes-typhoon-deliveries|title = Oman completes Typhoon deliveries | work = Times Aerospace}}</ref>
			**], Ad Dakhiliyah
			***No.8 Squadron
			;{{QAT}}
			*] – 24 ordered,<ref name="Qatarbbc" /> 10 delivered as of March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |first=David |last=Cenciotti |url=https://theaviationist.com/2022/08/27/first-batch-of-eurofighter-typhoon-aircraft-delivered-to-qatar/ |title=First Batch Of Eurofighter Typhoon Aircraft Delivered to Qatar |website=The Aviationist |date=27 August 2022 |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://militaryaviationreview.com/second-batch-of-qatari-air-force-typhoons-delivered-via-malta |title=Second Batch Of Qatari Air Force Typhoons Delivered Via Malta |website=Military Aviation Review |date=31 August 2022 |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ukserials.com/results.php?serial=ZR |title=Displaying Serials in range ZR |website=ukserials.com |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref>
			**], Dukhan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.scramble.nl/planning/orbats/qatar/qatar-emiri-air-force |title=Qatar Emiri Air Force |website=scramble.nl |access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref>
			***7 Squadron
			***12 Squadron
			**], Lincolnshire, United Kingdom (from July 2020)<ref name="12SQN 2" />
			***], joint RAF/Qatar Emiri Air Force squadron<ref name="12Sqn" />
	;{{SAU}}		;{{SAU}}
			*] – 71 aircraft in operation as of June 2018 from 72 delivered.<ref name="Saudi0617" />
	* ] – 72 ordered, of which 24 have been delivered as of April 2013.<ref name=World_Air_Forces_2013>{{cite web |author= |title = World Air Forces 2013 |work= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2013 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/101015/world-air-forces-2013.pdf |accessdate= 17 April 2013}}</ref>
			**], Taif<ref name="CBTACAUG15" />
			***]
			***]
			***]<ref name="AFMAUG15" />
	;{{ESP}}		; {{ESP}}
			* ] – 73 ordered, all of which have been delivered by October 2020 with 70 in operation as of October 2020.<ref name="UD18j" /> A further 45 Aircraft are on order as of 13 September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain orders 20 Eurofighter Typhoon jets under Project Halcon {{!}} Shephard |url=https://www.shephardmedia.com/news/air-warfare/spain-orders-20-eurofighter-typhoon-jets-under-project-halcon/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=www.shephardmedia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain launches Halcon II follow-on buy of Eurofighter combat aircraft |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/spain-launches-halcon-ii-follow-on-buy-of-eurofighter-combat-aircraft |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Janes.com |date=13 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> On 20 December 2024, the Spanish government has signed a contract with Munich-based, Germany, NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency (NETMA) for the acquisition of additional 25 Eurofighter aircraft Known as the Halcon II programme.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spain orders 25 additional Eurofighter aircraft|url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-12-spain-orders-25-additional-eurofighter-aircraft |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=airbus.com|date=27 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Eurofighter Programme 'Renaissance' Continues with Spanish Order for 25 Additional Jets|url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news/eurofighter-programme-renaissance-continues-with-spanish-order-for-25-additional-jets|access-date=2024-12-20|website=www.eurofighter.com|date=27 December 2024}}</ref>
	* ] – 73 ordered, of which 45 have been delivered.<ref>Holm, Kathryn and Martina Schmidmeir. ''eurofighter.com,'' 22 February 2010. Retrieved: 20 February 2011.</ref>
	**Ala 11, ]		** ], Ala 11
			*** 111 Escuadrón<ref name="EFW0202012" />
	***111 Operational Squadron<ref name="EFW0202012"> ''Eurofighter World (Eurofighter Gmbh)'', July 2012, pp. 6. Retrieved: 7 December 2012.</ref>
	***113 Squadron, OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation<ref name="EFW0202012"/>		*** 113 Escuadrón, OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation<ref name="EFW0202012" />
	**Ala 14, Albacete-Los Llanos Air Base		** ], Ala 14
	***142 Operational Squadron<ref name="EFW0202012"/>		*** 142 Escuadrón<ref name="EFW0202012" />
			** Past Units
			*** Armament and Experimentation Logistics Center<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ejército del Aire - Organización - Unidades - Detalle unidad |url=https://ejercitodelaire.defensa.gob.es/EA/ejercitodelaire/es/organizacion/unidades/unidad/Centro-Logistico-de-Armamento-y-Experimentacion-CLAEX/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=ejercitodelaire.defensa.gob.es}}</ref>
	;{{UK}}		; {{UK}}
			*] – 160 ordered, all of which had been delivered by September 2019.<ref name="RAFLAST" /> As of 21 August 2023, the RAF has 137 aircraft, with 102 in service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=John |date=2023-08-21 |title=UK RAF covertly relocated Typhoons, anticipating future Russian threats |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/royal-air-force-covertly-relocated-typhoons-anticipating-future-russian-threats/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>
	* ] – 160 ordered,{{citation needed|date=July 2013}} of which 100 have been delivered {{as of|2013|1|lc=on}}<ref> ''raf.mod.uk,'' 28 January 2013. Retrieved: 30 January 2013.</ref><ref>. GOV.UK (2013-01-29). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref>
	**], ], England.		**], Lincolnshire, England
	***]<ref name="EF Site"/>		***]<ref name="EF Site" />
	***]<ref name="EF Site"/>		***]<ref name="EF Site" />
	***] OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation<ref name="EF Site"/>		***], joint RAF/Qatar Air Force squadron<ref name="12Sqn" />
			***], OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation<ref name="EF Site" />
	***] Test & Evaluation Squadron<ref> ''raf.mod.uk,'' 22 April 2013. Retrieved: 2 May 2013.</ref>
			***]<ref name="41SQN" />
	**], ], Scotland.
			**], Moray, Scotland
	***]<ref name="EF Site"/>
	***]<ref name="EF Site"/>		***]<ref name="EF Site" />
			***]<ref name="IIsqn" />
			***]<ref name="EF Site" />
			***]<ref name="9Sqn" />
	**], ], Falkland Islands		**], ], Falkland Islands
	***] (])<ref name="EF Site"/>		***]<ref name="EF Site" />
	**Past Units.		**Past Units
			***], Operational Evaluation Unit (Operated between 2003 and 2013)<ref name="OEU" />
	***] OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation<ref> ''raf.mod.uk,'' 12 April 2013. Retrieved: 2 May 2013.</ref>
	;{{OMN}}
	* ] – 12 ordered.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title = Oman Buys 12 Typhoon,8 Hawk From BAE |work= Bloomberg |year= 2012 |url= http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-21/oman-to-buy-12-typhoon-8-hawk-aircraft-from-bae-cameron-says.html |accessdate= 17 April 2013}}</ref>
	==Accidents==		==Accidents==
	* On 21 November 2002, the Spanish twin-seat Eurofighter prototype DA-6 crashed due to a double engine ] caused by surges of the two engines at 45,000&nbsp;ft. The two crew members escaped unhurt and the aircraft crashed in a military test range near ], some {{convert|70|mi}} from its base at ].<ref> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 26 November 2002. Retrieved: 13 March 2012.</ref><ref> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 10 December 2002. Retrieved: 29 November 2010.</ref>		*On 21 November 2002, the Spanish twin-seat Typhoon prototype DA-6 crashed due to a double engine ] caused by surges of the two engines at 45,000&nbsp;ft. The two crew members escaped unhurt and the aircraft crashed in a military test range near ], some {{convert|110|km}} from its base at ].<ref name="SPACRASH" />
			*On 23 April 2008, a RAF Typhoon FGR4 from 17 Squadron at RAF Coningsby (ZJ943), made a ] landing at the US Navy's ], in the United States.<ref name="CRASH9" /> The aircraft was severely damaged however the pilot from ] did not sustain any significant injury. It is thought the pilot may have forgotten to deploy the ] or that for some reason he was not alerted to the undercarriage having not been deployed.<ref name="CRASH9" />
	* On 24 August 2010, a Eurofighter aircraft crashed at Spain's ] moments after take-off for a routine training flight. It was being piloted by a Lieutenant Colonel from the Royal Saudi Arabian Air Force, who was killed, and a Spanish Air Force Major, who ejected safely.<ref>O’Keeffe, Niall. ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 24 August 2010. Retrieved: 29 November 2010.</ref>
			*On 24 August 2010, a Spanish twin-seat Typhoon crashed at Spain's ] moments after take-off for a routine training flight. It was being piloted by a RSAF pilot, who was killed, and a Spanish Air Force Major, who ejected safely.<ref name="CRASH4" /> In September 2010 the German Air Force grounded its 55 planes and the RAF temporarily grounded all Typhoon training flights amidst concerns that after ejecting successfully the pilot had fallen to his death.<ref name="CRASH5" /><ref name="CRASH6" /> On 21 September, the RAF announced that the harness system had been sufficiently modified to enable routine flying from RAF Coningsby. The Austrian Air Force also said all its aircraft had been cleared for flight.<ref name="CRASH7" /> On 24 August 2010, the ejection seat manufacturer Martin Baker commented: "...{{nbsp}}under certain conditions, the quick release fitting could be unlocked using the palm of the hand, rather than the thumb and fingers, and that this posed a risk of inadvertent release", adding that a modification had been rapidly developed and approved "to eliminate this risk" and was being fitted to all Typhoon seats.<ref name="CRASH8" />
			*On 9 June 2014, the ] announced that a Typhoon had crashed at Spain's Morón Air Base on landing after a routine training flight. The sole pilot, Captain Fernando Lluna Carrascosa of the Spanish Air Force, who had over 600 Eurofighter flying hours, died in the crash.<ref name="SPANCRASH" />
	Following this incident the German Air Force grounded its 55 planes on 16 September 2010,<ref>Donahue, Patrick. ''Business Week.'' 16 September 2010. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref><ref> (German), Süddeutsche Zeitung. visited: 16 September 2010</ref> amidst concerns that after ejecting successfully the pilot had fallen to his death. In response to the investigation of the crash, the RAF temporarily grounded all Typhoon training flights on 17 September 2010. ] duties were unaffected.<ref> ''bbc.co.uk,'' 18 September 2010. Retrieved: 19 September 2010.</ref> On 21 September, the RAF announced that the harness system had been sufficiently modified to enable routine flying from RAF Coningsby. The Austrian Air Force also said that all its aircraft had been cleared for flight.<ref> ''key.aero.'' Retrieved: 14 October 2010.</ref> On 24 August 2010, the ejection seat manufacturer Martin Baker commented: "... under certain conditions, the quick release fitting could be unlocked using the palm of the hands, rather than the thumb and fingers and that this posed a risk of inadvertent release", and added that a modification had been rapidly developed and approved "to eliminate this risk" and was being fitted to all Typhoon seats.<ref>. flightglobal.com</ref>
			*On 23 June 2014, a Typhoon of the German Air Force suffered ] with a ], which crashed near ], Germany. The severely damaged Eurofighter made a safe landing at ], while the Learjet crashed with the two onboard killed.<ref name="CRASH3" />
			*On 1 September 2017, a RAF Typhoon ] on landing at ], Czech Republic, after diverting for bad weather.<ref name="Pardubice" />
			*On 14 September 2017, a RSAF aircraft crashed on a combat mission in ]'s ], killing its pilot. According to the ], the aircraft crashed due to technical reasons.<ref name="RSAFCRASH" />
			*On 24 September 2017, an Italian Air Force aircraft crashed during an airshow in ], Lazio, Italy. The pilot did not eject and died in the accident.<ref name="CRASH2" /> The Italian Air Force said the jet completed a loop but then failed to get enough lift as it approached sea level and hit the water just a few hundred metres offshore.<ref name="CRASH2" />
			*On 12 October 2017, a Spanish Air Force Typhoon crashed near its base at ] ], Spain, when returning from the military parade for the ]. The pilot was killed.<ref name="CRASH1" />
			*On 24 June 2019, two German Air Force aircraft collided mid-air during an exercise in the region of Müritz in ] in northern Germany. Both aircraft were lost while the pilots ejected. The two planes were based at ], home to the "Steinhoff" ].{{failed verification|date=July 2022}} Neither plane was carrying weapons. One of the pilots died.<ref name="CRASH0" />
			*On 14 December 2022, an Italian Air Force Typhoon of 37° Stormo crashed during the landing sequence into ] in Sicily. The aircraft had been conducting a training mission with another Typhoon which landed safely. The pilot was killed during the crash.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/italian-typhoon-fighter-crashes-while-returning-to-base-in-sicily-one-pilot-killed | title=Italian Typhoon fighter crashes in Sicily, one pilot killed - AeroTime | date=14 December 2022}}</ref>
			* On 24 July 2024, an Italian Air Force Typhoon crashed during a military training exercise in the ] region of the Northern Territory, in outback Australia, during ]. The pilot ejected safely and was taken to Royal Darwin Hospital by helicopter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-24 |title=Military aircraft crashes in remote NT during multinational defence exercise |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-07-24/aircraft-crash-daly-river-pitch-black-military-exercise/104136702 |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref>
	==Aircraft on display==		==Aircraft on display==
			;Germany
	*Eurofighter DA-2 Typhoon (serial number ZH588) is on display at the ]. This aircraft is one of seven EF 2000 development aircraft built by the Eurofighter Partner Companies, and was used for flight testing. The aircraft was delivered by road on 22 January 2008. Engineers from ] and ] assembled the aircraft for display. It is hanging in the Museum's Milestones of Flight Exhibition Hall.<ref>Ajay, Srivastava. "New Display at Royal Air Force Museum." ''Flight Journal'', Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2008.</ref>
	*The first development aircraft Eurofighter DA-1 can be seen at the ] at ] Airport in the north of ]. Its first flight took place in 1994 and it was handed over to the museum in 2008.<ref> ''deutsches-museum.de''. Retrieved: 1 November 2009.</ref>		*''98+29'' EF2000 Prototype DA-1 on display at the ], Munich.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306005603/http://www.deutsches-museum.de/flugwerft/sammlungen/strahlflugzeuge/eurofighter/ |date=6 March 2008}} ''deutsches-museum.de''. Retrieved: 1 November 2009.</ref>
	*In 2009 Eurofighter DA-4, serial number ZH590, went on display at ], having been given to the museum by the Ministry of Defence in 2008. It is exhibited as part of the museum's 'AirSpace' gallery, as an example of the development of aircraft technology.<ref> ''Imperial War Museum''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref> One of the engines from this aircraft, which have both now been removed, will be used in the ] land-speed record vehicle.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
			;Italy
			*''MMX603'' EF2000 Prototype DA-7 on display at Cameri Air Base, ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurodemobbed.org.uk/locations.php?location=1243 |title=Cameri Airfield, Italy |website=eurodemobbed.org.uk |access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref>
			;United Kingdom
			*''ZH588'' EF2000 Prototype DA-2 on display at the ], Hendon, England.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eurofighter Typhoon |url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/research/collections/eurofighter-typhoon |website=Royal Air Force Museum |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref><ref>Ajay, Srivastava. "New Display at Royal Air Force Museum". ''Flight Journal'', Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2008.</ref>
			*''ZH590'' EF2000(T) Prototype DA-4 was on display at the ], Cambridge, England, in Hangar 3: Air and Sea, and was due to be transferred to the ] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newarkairmuseum.org/Eurofighter_DA4 |title=Newark Air Museum, England |website=newarkairmuseum.org |date=29 October 2021}}</ref> It now resides at ], however, after the MOD made the decision to use it as an Instructional Airframe.{{cn|date=June 2024}}
	==Specifications==		==Specifications==
	]		]
			{{Aircraft specs
	{{External media
			|ref = RAF Typhoon data,<ref name="RAF_Typhoon" /> Air Forces Monthly,<ref name="Swing" /> ''Superfighters'',<ref>Williams, Mel, ed. "Typhoon". ''Superfighters, The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft''. London: AIRtime, 2002. {{ISBN|1-880588-53-6}}.</ref> and ''Brassey's Modern Fighters''<ref name="Modern Fighters" />
	|topic=Cutaway diagram of Eurofighter Typhoon
			|prime units? = met
	|width=
			<!-- General characteristics -->
	|align=right
			|crew = 1 or 2
	|image1=], 2006.]
			|length m = 15.96
	}}
			|length note =
	]
			|span m = 10.95
	]
			|span note =
	] to a Eurofighter.]]
			|height m = 5.28
			|height note =
			|wing area sqm = 51.2
			|wing area note =
			|aspect ratio = <!-- sailplanes -->
			|airfoil = <!-- '''root:''' ] ; '''tip:''' ]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref> -->
			|empty weight kg = 11000
			|empty weight note =
			|gross weight kg = 16000
			|gross weight note =
			|max takeoff weight kg = 23500
			|max takeoff weight note =
			|fuel capacity = {{convert|4996|kg|lb|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} / {{cvt|6215|L|USgal impgal}} internal<ref name="FUELC" />
			|more general =
			<!-- Powerplant -->
			|eng1 number = 2
			|eng1 name = ]
			|eng1 type = ] engines
			|eng1 lbf = 13,500
			|eng1 note =<ref name="fas_specs" />
			|eng1 lbf-ab = 20,200
			<!-- Performance -->
			|max speed kmh = 2,500
			|max speed note = at 11 km altitude<ref name=BMLV_EF2000specs>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmlv.gv.at/waffen/waf_eurofighter.shtml|title=Bundesheer—Waffen und Gert—Eurofighter EF 2000|author=BMLVS—Abteilung Kommunikation}}</ref> — or Mach 2.35<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ausruestung-technik-bundeswehr/luftsysteme-bundeswehr/eurofighter|title=Eurofighter|website=Bundeswehr.de|date=February 2017 |access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref><!-- <big>+</big> -->
			**{{cvt|1530|km/h|mph kn}} at sea level<ref name="Modern Fighters" /> — or Mach 1.25<ref>See ] for relationship.</ref>
			**'''Supercruise:''' Mach 1.5<ref name="web.archive.org" />
			|cruise speed kmh =
			|cruise speed note =
			|stall speed kmh =
			|stall speed note =
			|never exceed speed kmh =
			|never exceed speed note =
			|minimum control speed kmh =
			|minimum control speed note =
			|range km = 2900
			|range note =
			|combat range km = 1389
			|combat range note = ground attack, hi-lo-hi<ref name="fas_specs" />
			**{{convert|601|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}} ground attack, lo-lo-lo<ref name="fas_specs" />
			|ferry range km = 3790
			|ferry range note = with 3 × drop tanks
			|endurance = 3 hours combat air patrol (air defence) at {{convert|185|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="fas_specs" />
			**10 minutes air-defence loiter at {{convert|1,389|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="fas_specs" />
			|ceiling m = 16,764
			|ceiling note = <ref name=BMLV_EF2000specs/>
			* '''Max flight altitude:''' 20 km (65,000 ft)<ref name="CEIL" /><ref name=BMLV_EF2000specs/>
			|g limits = <big>+</big>9 / <big>-</big>3<ref>. eurofighter.com</ref>
			|roll rate = <!-- aerobatic -->
			|climb rate ms = 315
			|climb rate note =<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwede |first1=Frank |title=Fighter Aircraft Since 1945. |date=30 November 2017 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books |location= |isbn=978-1473891319}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fighter-planes.com/info/eurofighter_ef2000.htm|title=EuroFighter Typhoon|access-date=8 February 2021|archive-date=12 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212130707/https://www.fighter-planes.com/info/eurofighter_ef2000.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{verify source|date=May 2020}}
			|time to altitude =
			|wing loading kg/m2 = 312
			|wing loading note =<ref name="Typhoon_Janes" />
			|fuel consumption kg/km =
			|thrust/weight = 1.15 (interceptor configuration)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/products-and-solutions/military-aircraft/eurofighter/2020_03_27-EF-Switzerland.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 March 2021 |archive-date=4 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210404140655/https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/products-and-solutions/military-aircraft/eurofighter/2020_03_27-EF-Switzerland.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
			|more performance = <br />
			*'''Brakes-off to Take-off acceleration:''' <8{{nbsp}}s
			*'''Brakes-off to supersonic acceleration:''' <30{{nbsp}}s
			*'''Brakes-off to Mach&nbsp;1.6 at 11,000&nbsp;m (36,000{{nbsp}}ft):''' <150{{nbsp}}s{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}{{refn|Air superiority configuration.|group=N}}
	{{aircraft specifications
	<!-- If you do not understand how to use this template, please ask at ]. Please answer the following questions -->
	|plane or copter?=plane
	|jet or prop?=jet
	<!-- Now, fill out the specs. Please include units where appropriate (main comes first, alt in parentheses). If an item doesn't apply, like capacity, leave it blank. For additional lines, end your alt units with)</li> and start a new, fully formatted line with <li> -->
	|ref= RAF Typhoon data,<ref name="RAF_Typhoon"> ''Raf.mod.uk'', 1 July 2005. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref> Air Forces Monthly,<ref name="Swing"/> ''Superfighters'',<ref name=Superfighters>Williams, Mel, ed. "Typhoon". ''Superfighters, The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft''. London: AIRtime, 2002. ISBN 1-880588-53-6.</ref> and ''Brassey's Modern Fighters''<ref name="Modern Fighters">Spick 2002</ref>
	<!-- General characteristics
	-->
	|crew=1 (operational aircraft) or 2 (training aircraft)
	|length main= 15.96&nbsp;m
	|length alt= {{convert|15.96|m|sigfig=3|disp=output only}}
	|span main=10.95&nbsp;m
	|span alt={{convert|10.95|m|sigfig=3|disp=output only}}
	|height main=5.28&nbsp;m
	|height alt={{convert|5.28|m|sigfig=3|disp=output only}}
	|area main=51.2&nbsp;m²<ref name=Typhoon_Janes>"Eurofighter Typhoon". ''All the World's Aircraft''. Jane's Information Group, 2013.</ref>
	|area alt={{convert|51.2|m2|ft2|sigfig=3|disp=output only}}
	|empty weight main=11,000&nbsp;kg<ref name=BAE_SYSTEMS>http://www.eurofighter.com/eurofighter-typhoon/technicaldata.html</ref>{{#tag:ref|16,000 kg for interceptor configuration per Jane's All the World's Aircraft minus 5,000kg internal fuel capacity per Eurofighter World.|group=N}}
	|empty weight alt={{convert|11000|kg|lb|sigfig=4|disp=output only}}
	|loaded weight main=16,000&nbsp;kg<ref name=eurofighter.com> ''eurofighter.com.'' Retrieved: 30 October 2010.</ref>{{#tag:ref|Max T-O weight is 23,500&nbsp;kg maximum, 16,000 kg for interceptor configuration per Jane's All the World's Aircraft.<ref name=Typhoon_Janes/>|group=N|name="Janes_FN"}}
	|loaded weight alt={{convert|16000|kg|lb|sigfig=4|disp=output only}}
	|max takeoff weight main=23,500&nbsp;kg<ref name=Typhoon_Janes/>
	|max takeoff weight alt={{convert|23500|kg|lb|sigfig=3|disp=output only}}
	|more general='''Fuel capacity:''' {{convert|5000|kg|lb|sigfig=4|abbr=on}} internal<ref>http://www.eurofighter.com/fileadmin/web_data/downloads/efworld/ef_world_3-2010web.pdf (referenced on Page 9 as '5t')</ref><ref>http://eurofighter.airpower.at/technik-daten.htm tank capacity Tankinhalt: 4.996 kg / 6.215 Liter </ref>
	<!-- Powerplant
	-->
	|engine (jet)=]
	|type of jet=] ]
	|number of jets=2
	|thrust main=60&nbsp;kN
	|thrust alt={{convert|60|kN|lbf|sigfig=4|disp=output only}}
	|afterburning thrust main= >90&nbsp;kN<ref name=BAE_SYSTEMS/><ref>http://www.mtu.de/de/products_services/military_business/programs/ej200/EJ200.pdf</ref>
	|afterburning thrust alt= {{convert|90|kN|lbf|sigfig=4|disp=output only}}
	<!-- Performance
	-->
	|max speed main=<br>
	**'''At altitude:''' ]&nbsp;2.0 ({{convert|2125|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=or}})<ref name=Typhoon_Janes /><ref>{{cite book|last=Loveless|first=Antony|title=RAF Typhoon Manual|year=1994|publisher=Haynes|isbn=9780857330758}}</ref>
	**'''At sea level:''' Mach 1.2<ref name="Modern Fighters"/> ({{convert|1470|km/h|mph|abbr=on|disp=or}})<ref>See ] for relationship.</ref>
	**''']:''' Mach 1.5<ref> (Translation)."] ''google.de''. Retrieved: 19 September 2013.</ref>
	|max speed more=
	|cruise speed main=
	|cruise speed alt=
	|cruise speed more=
	|ceiling main=16,765&nbsp;m
	|ceiling alt= {{convert|16765|m|ft|disp=output only}})<ref name=Typhoon_AAF> ''Austrian Airforce.'' Retrieved: 30 April 2011.</ref> (up to 64,000-70,000 ft)<ref> ''IPCS''. Retrieved: April 2012.</ref>
	*''']:''' 19,812&nbsp;m<ref name=Typhoon_AAF/> ({{convert|19812|m|ft|disp=output only}})
	|range main=2,900&nbsp;km
	|range alt={{convert|2900|km|disp=output only}}
	|range more=
	|combat radius main=<br>
	**Ground attack, lo-lo-lo: {{convert|601|km|nmi|abbr=on}}
	**Ground attack, hi-lo-hi: {{convert|1389|km|nmi|abbr=on}}
	**Air defence with 3-hr combat air patrol: {{convert|185|km|nmi|abbr=on}}
	**Air defence with 10-min. loiter: 1,389&nbsp;km
	|combat radius alt=750&nbsp;nmi
	|combat radius more=<ref name=Typhoon_Janes/><ref name=fas_specs> ''fas.org''. Retrieved: 1 November 2009.</ref>
	|ferry range main=3,790&nbsp;km
	|ferry range alt={{convert|3790|km|disp=output only}} (with 3 drop tank)
	|climb rate main=>315&nbsp;m/s<ref> ''doppeladler.com''. Retrieved: 30 October 2010.</ref><ref>{{dead link|date=June 2011}} ''Flug-revue.rotor.com'', 9 April 1999. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
	|climb rate alt= {{convert|315|m/s|ft/min|disp=output only}}<ref> ''telegraph.co.uk''. Retrieved: 1 November 2009.</ref>
	|loading main= 312&nbsp;kg/m²<ref name=Typhoon_Janes/>
	|loading alt= 63.9&nbsp;lb/ft²
	|thrust/weight=1.15 (interceptor configuration)<ref name=Typhoon_Janes/>
	|more performance=*'''''g''-limits:''' +9/−3 ''g''<ref>. eurofighter.com</ref>
	*'''Brakes-off to Take-off acceleration:''' <8 sec
	*'''Brakes-off to supersonic acceleration:''' <30 s
	*'''Brakes-off to Mach 1.6'' at 11,000 m (36,000 ft):''' <150 s<ref>http://www.baesystems.com/enhancedarticle/BAES_156125/typhoon</ref>{{#tag:ref|Air superiority configuration.|group=N}}
	<!-- Armament -->		<!-- Armament -->
	|guns=1 × 27&nbsp;mm ] ] with 150 rounds		|guns = 1 × 27&nbsp;mm ] ] with 150 rounds
	|hardpoints= Total of 13: 8 × under-wing; and 5 × under-fuselage pylon stations; holding up to {{convert|7500|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of payload<ref name=Typhoon_Janes/><ref> ''typhoon.starstreak.net''. Retrieved: 1 November 2009.</ref>		|hardpoints = Total of 13: 8 × under-wing; and 5 × under-fuselage pylon stations; holding in excess of {{convert|9000|kg|lb|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} of payload<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baesystems.com/en-media/uploadFile/20210404055835/1434615927425.pdf |title=Eurofighter Typhoon for Belgium Air Combat Capability Program |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=14 February 2018 |website=Baesystems.com |publisher=Ministry of Defence |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref> <br />Typical multi-role configuration for a Tranche 2-P1E would be 4 × AMRAAM, 2×ASRAAM/IRIS-T, 4 × EGBU-16/Paveway-IV, 2 × 1000-litre supersonic fuel tanks and a targeting pod.<ref name="CONFI" />
	|rockets=		|rockets =
			|missiles =<ref>AirForces Monthly May/June 2014 Eurofighter 20th Anniversary Special</ref>
	|missiles=<br />
	**''']s:'''		**''']s:'''
	***]		***]
			***]
			***]
	***]		***]
	***]		***]
	***]
	***]
	**''']s:'''		**''']s:'''
			***]
	***], in the future
			***]
	***], in the future
			***]
	***], in the future
	***], in the future		***]
			***] (in progress)<ref name="S3" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news-and-events/2016/07/spear-missile-fired-from-eurofighter-typhoon-as-future-capability-development-continues|title=Eurofighter Typhoon &#124; Spear Missile Fired from Eurofighter Typhoon as Future Capability Development Continues|access-date=22 September 2021|archive-date=16 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016183522/https://www.eurofighter.com/news-and-events/2016/07/spear-missile-fired-from-eurofighter-typhoon-as-future-capability-development-continues|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	***] (AKA ''Scalp EG''), in the future
			**''']s:'''
	|bombs=<br>
			***] (up to 6 Marte ER anti-ship missiles at 6 hardpoints)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.mbda-systems.com/product/marte-er/ |title= MARTE ER |publisher= MBDS Systems |access-date= 16 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2019-12-24/new-beginnings-eurofighter-typhoon|title=New Beginnings for the Eurofighter Typhoon|first=Jon|last=Lake|website=Aviation International News}}</ref>
			***] (planned)<ref name="JSM" />
			|bombs = <br />
	**] series of ]s (LGBs)		**] series of ]s (LGBs)
	**6× ], in the future		**]
			**] (planned for P2E)
	**] (JDAM), in the future
			**] (JDAM), work started in 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flugrevue.de/auftrag-an-diehl-defence-gbu-54-fuer-den-eurofighter/|title=Auftrag an Diehl Defence: GBU-54 für den Eurofighter|date=25 September 2020}}</ref>
	**], in the future		**], in the future
			**]<ref name="SPICE" />
	*'''Others:'''		*'''Others:'''
			**Up to 3 × ]s for ferry flight or extended range/loitering time
	**] dispenser pod
			**]s on Tranche 3 or later
	**] pods
			|avionics =
	**] (ECM) pods
			:*]:
	**]
			:**'''Captor-M''': Solid-state, mechanically scanned array radar
	**Up to 3 ]s for ferry flight or extended range/loitering time.
			:**'''European Common Radar System (ECRS) Mk0''': ] (AESA) radar developed by the original 4 Eurofighter consortium members. Commonly referred to as the Captor-E. Fitted to Qatari and Kuwaiti Eurofighters.
	|avionics=
			:**'''ECRS Mk1''': Upgraded Mk0, manufactured by Hendsoldt and Airbus. To be fitted to existing German and Spanish Eurofighters.
	*] Radar
			:**'''ECRS Mk2''': New (AESA) radar with additional electronic warfare capabilities. Manufactured in Edinburgh by Leonardo UK. To be fitted to existing Tranche 3 UK Eurofighters.
	*] (PIRATE)
			:*] (PIRATE)
			:*]
			:*]
			:*] (LITENING 5 in RAF testing)<ref name="LITENING" />
			:*]
	}}		}}
	<!-- A "Popular culture" section should be avoided per Misplaced Pages:Avoid trivia sections in articles unless the appearances are especially notable. This section should not be a compendium of every trivial appearance, but significant ones of relevance to the airframe.		<!-- A "Popular culture" section should be avoided per Misplaced Pages:Avoid trivia sections in articles unless the appearances are especially notable. This section should not be a compendium of every trivial appearance, but significant ones of relevance to the airframe.
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	|see also=		|see also=
	*]		*]
			*]
	|related=		|related=
	*]		*]
	|similar aircraft=<!--		|similar aircraft=<!--
			*]
	* ]
			*]
	* ]
	* ]		*]
			*]
	* ]
			*]
	* ]
			*] -->
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ] -->
	<!-- DO ''not'' ADD COMPARABLE AIRCRAFT WITHOUT DISCUSSION. A consensus has been reached that this section is subject to the arbitrary judgements of individual editors and is therefore unencyclopedic. See Talk:Eurofighter_Typhoon/Archive_2#Proposal -->		<!-- DO ''not'' ADD COMPARABLE AIRCRAFT WITHOUT DISCUSSION. A consensus has been reached that this section is subject to the arbitrary judgements of individual editors and is therefore unencyclopedic. See Talk:Eurofighter_Typhoon/Archive_2#Proposal -->
	|lists=		|lists=
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	*]		*]
	*]		*]
			*]
	*]		*]
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	===Notes===		===Notes===
	{{Reflist|group=N}}		{{reflist|group=N}}
	===Citations===		===Citations===
			{{reflist|refs=
	{{Reflist|30em}}
			<ref name="2021DCP">{{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/971859/_CP_411__-_Defence_in_a_competitive_age.pdf |title=Defence in a competitive age |publisher=Ministry of Defence |date=22 March 2021 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
			<ref name="6SQN">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/raf-leuchars-welcomes-the-typhoon |title=RAF Leuchars welcomes the Typhoon |publisher=Ministry of Defence |website=gov.uk |date=8 September 2010 |access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>
			<ref name="9Sqn">{{cite web |url=https://combataircraft.keypublishing.com/2019/02/14/bats-re-born/ |title='Bats' re-born |website=Combat Aircraft |publisher=Key Publishing |date=14 February 2019 |access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref>
			<ref name="11sqnRAF"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006192251/http://www.raf.mod.uk/organisation/11squadron.cfm |date=6 October 2016}} ''Raf.mod.uk'', 9 January 2007. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			<ref name="12SQN">{{cite web |url=https://www.militaryaircraftmarkings.co.uk/updates/MAMupdate170-2019.pdf |title=Military Aircraft Markings Update Number 170, July 2019 |publisher=Military Aircraft Markings |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308203238/https://www.militaryaircraftmarkings.co.uk/updates/MAMupdate170-2019.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
			<ref name="12SQN 2">{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/uk-qatari-typhoons-take-off-as-joint-squadron/ |title=UK-Qatari Typhoons Take Off As Joint Squadron |publisher=Royal Air Force |website=raf.mod.uk |date=19 July 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
			<ref name="12Sqn">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-uk-qatari-typhoon-squadron-stands-up-as-defence-relationship-deepens |title=Joint UK-Qatari Typhoon squadron stands up as defence relationship deepens |publisher=Ministry of Defence |website=gov.uk |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=21 March 2019}}</ref>
			<ref name="41SQN"> ''raf.mod.uk,'' 22 April 2013. Retrieved: 2 May 2013.</ref>
			<ref name="A2G"> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'', 21 February 2006.</ref>
			<ref name="AERPERF"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901224810/http://typhoon.starstreak.net/Eurofighter/flight-sys.html |date=1 September 2011}} ''starstreak.net''. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			<ref name="AESA1">Parker, Ian. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155531/http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/issue/feature/Avionics-Crown-Typhoon-Performance_1048.html |date=2 April 2015}} ''Aviationtoday.com'', 1 August 2006. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			<ref name="AESA2"> ''Flight International'' via ''flightglobal.com,'' 29 May 2008. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			<ref name="AESA3"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207044932/http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/an14.en.html |date=7 December 2013 }} ''Radartutorial.eu''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			<ref name="AESA4">{{cite web|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2011/10/205_97236.html |title=F-35: a game changer in modern warfare |publisher=Koreatimes.co.kr |date=24 October 2011 |access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA5">{{cite web|title=BAE Begins E-Scan Radar Test Flights|url=http://aviationweek.com/shownews/bae-begins-e-scan-radar-test-flights|website=Aviation Week|access-date=20 May 2017}}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA6">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-30114054|title=BBC News—Eurofighter radar deal secures 500 jobs in Edinburgh|work=BBC News|access-date=19 November 2014|date=19 November 2014}}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA7">"Typhoon Captor-E awaits flight testing as Kuwait confirmed as launch customer". FlightGlobal. 7 April 2016.</ref>
			<ref name="AESA8">{{cite news |date=4 November 2019 |title=Captor-E AESA Upgrades for Bundeswehr's Eurofighters from 2022 |url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/25772/Captor_E_AESA_Upgrades_for_Bundeswehr___s_Eurofighters_from_2022#.XcODnxDgpE4 |website=Defenseworld.net |access-date=2020-05-17 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202437/https://www.defenseworld.net/news/25772/Captor_E_AESA_Upgrades_for_Bundeswehr___s_Eurofighters_from_2022#.XcODnxDgpE4 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA9">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/34940/eurofighters-new-radar-is-nearly-ready-but-royal-air-force-wants-an-even-better-one|title=Eurofighter's New Radar Is Nearly Ready But Royal Air Force Wants An Even Better One|first=Jamie|last=Hunter|website=The Drive|date=17 July 2020}}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA10">{{cite web|url=https://world.eurofighter.com/articles/e-scan-takes-eurofighter-typhoon-to-new-horizons|title=E-SCAN TAKES EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON TO NEW HORIZONS|website=World.eurofighter.com|access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA11">{{cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2020/09/03/britain-moves-forward-with-its-own-typhoon-radar-primed-for-electronic-warfare/|title=Britain moves forward with its own Typhoon radar primed for electronic warfare|first=Andrew|last=Chuter|date=3 September 2020|website=Defense News}}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA12">{{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2020-09-14/britains-long-awaited-radar-two-program-breaks-cover|title=Britain's Long-awaited Radar Two Program Breaks Cover|first=Jon|last=Lake|website=Aviation International News}}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA14">{{cite web|url=https://armadainternational.com/2020/10/beam-scheme/|title=Beam Scheme|first=Dr Thomas|last=Withington|date=7 October 2020}}</ref>
			<ref name="AESA15"> ''Marketscreener.com''. Retrieved: 14 September 2021.</ref>
			<ref name="AESA16"> ''Aviationweek.com''. Retrieved: 14 September 2021.</ref>
			<ref name="AESA17"> ''Ainonline.com''. Retrieved: 30 March 2022.</ref>
			<ref name="AFMAUG15">{{cite book|title=AirForces Monthly|date=August 2015|publisher=]|location=], ], ]|page=4|title-link=AirForces Monthly}}</ref>
			<ref name="airbus">{{cite web|url=https://www.airbus.com/defence/eurofighter.html|title=Eurofighter|website=Airbus|date=2 September 2021}}</ref>
			<ref name="Airforce-TechEF2000"> ''Airforce-Technology.com''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
			<ref name="AirSceneUK">Parsons, Gary. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804163723/http://www.airsceneuk.org.uk/hangar/2007/441indians/indra.htm |date=4 August 2011}} ''AirSceneUK.'' Retrieved: 21 August 2011.</ref>
			<ref name="ALBANIA"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319052449/http://www.eurofighter.com/media/news0/news-detail/article/italian-typhoons-up-in-the-albanian-air.html |date=19 March 2012}} ''Eurofighter.com'', 17 July 2009. Retrieved: 3 July 2011.</ref>
			<ref name="aly"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108151135/http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=businessNews |date=8 January 2007}} ''Reuters'', 14 December 2006. Retrieved: 14 December 2006.</ref>
			<ref name="AMK">{{cite news |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/eurofighter-new-aerodynamics-set-for-2014-test-flight/113606.article |last=Kemsley |first=Dan |date=1 July 2014 |title=Eurofighter: new aerodynamics set for 2014 test flight |work=Flight International}}</ref>
			<ref name="AMK2">{{cite news |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-typhoon-brews-up-radar-storm-401344/ |title=FARNBOROUGH: Typhoon brews up radar storm |last1=Thisdell |first1=Dan |date=13 July 2014 |website=Flightglobal.com |publisher=Reed Business Information |access-date=15 July 2015}}</ref>
			<ref name="AMK3">{{cite news |date=21 July 2015 |title=Airbus D&S completes Typhoon aerodynamic testing |work=Flight International}}</ref>
			<ref name="AMK4"> ''Royal Aeronautical Society''. Retrieved: 17 May 2020.</ref>
			<ref name="AMK5"> ''Airbus Defense and Space''. Retrieved: 15 October 2020.</ref>
			<ref name="AUDEL">{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesheer.at/english/dynmod/artikel.php?id=2083 |title=First Eurofighter Delivered to Austria |publisher=Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence |date=12 July 2007 |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321184910/http://www.bundesheer.at/english/dynmod/artikel.php%3Fid%3D2083 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
			<ref name="AUF">{{cite news|url=https://www.thelocal.at/20140515/twelve-pilots-for-15-eurofighters|title=Only 12 pilots for 15 Eurofighter jets|newspaper=The Local Austria |date=15 May 2014|access-date=24 October 2016}}</ref>
			<ref name="AUP"> ''Agence France-Presse'' via ''Defensenews.com,'' 2 September 2011. Retrieved: 9 January 2012.</ref>
			<ref name="AUSTERE1"> ''Flight International,'' 14 July 2008. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref>
			<ref name="AUSTERE2">{{cite news |last=Mason |first=James |date=24 April 2007 |title=Blue sky thinking |work=Flight International}}</ref>
			<ref name="AUSS">{{cite news|title=Austria sues Airbus over alleged Eurofighter corruption|url=http://dw.com/p/2Xg2D|access-date=16 February 2017|work=Deutsche Welle|date=16 February 2017}}</ref>
			<ref name="AUSTREP"> Business News, 7 July 2017.</ref>
			<ref name="AUSTRIANOS">{{cite web |url=https://sites.tufts.edu/corruptarmsdeals/airbus-eurofighter-sales-to-austria/ |title=Airbus Eurofighter Sales to Austria |website=sites.tufts.edu/corruptarmsdeals |date=19 December 2017 |access-date=2020-05-15}}</ref>
			<ref name="austrias">{{cite web|url=https://www.eurofighter.com/news-and-events/2013/10/austrian-eurofighters-equipped-with-latest-capability-standard-for-tranche-1-aircraft|title=Eurofighter Typhoon—Austrian Eurofighters equipped with latest capability standard for Tranche 1 aircraft|access-date=24 October 2016|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308051616/https://www.eurofighter.com/news-and-events/2013/10/austrian-eurofighters-equipped-with-latest-capability-standard-for-tranche-1-aircraft|url-status=dead}}</ref>
			<ref name="AUT1">{{cite web |first=Andrew |last=Rhys Thompson |url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/101871/pdf |title=Austria: Eurofighter Saga Continues |publisher=ISN Security Watch |website=isn.ethz.ch |date=17 June 2009 |access-date=9 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511150200/http://www.css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/101871/pdf |archive-date=11 May 2017}}</ref>
			<ref name="AUTOR"> ''eurofighter.com.'' Retrieved: 3 February 2012.</ref>
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			<ref name="AZOTIZE2020">{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/raf-typhoons-have-begun-a-nato-air-policing-mission-in-lithuania/ |title=RAF Typhoons have begun a NATO Air Policing mission in Lithuania |publisher=Royal Air Force |website=raf.mod.uk |date=30 April 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
			<ref name="AZOTIZE2020end">{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/the-royal-air-force-complete-this-years-nato-air-policing-mission/ |title=The Royal Air Force Complete This Years NATO Air Policing Mission |publisher=Royal Air Force |website=raf.mod.uk |date=1 September 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
			<ref name="BALTIC">{{cite web |first=David |last=Cenciotti |url=https://theaviationist.com/2014/10/28/german-typhoons-intercept-7-ruaf-planes/ |title=German Typhoons have intercepted 7 Russian Air Force combat planes over the Baltic Sea today |website=The Aviationist |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203055705/https://theaviationist.com/2014/10/28/german-typhoons-intercept-7-ruaf-planes/ |archive-date=3 December 2014}}</ref>
			<ref name="BALTIC2">{{cite web |url=https://ac.nato.int/archive/2020/germany-to-fly-nato-air-policing-sorties-out-of-estonia |title=Germany to Fly NATO Air Policing Sorties out of Estonia |website=NATO |date=31 August 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
			<ref name="BALTOPs">{{cite web |url=https://www.raf.mod.uk/news/articles/raf-typhoons-join-nato-maritime-exercise-in-the-baltic-region/ |title=RAF Typhoons join NATO Maritime Exercise in the Baltic Region |publisher=Royal Air Force |website=raf.mod.uk |date=13 June 2020 |access-date=1 April 2021}}</ref>
			<ref name="BBC"> ''BBC News'', 30 January 1998. Retrieved: 18 September 2007.</ref>
			<ref name="BBCwomc">''Eurofighter: Weapon of Mass Construction'' (TV broadcast). ''BBC'', 6 July 2003 airdate.</ref>
			<!-- <ref name="BELF35">{{cite web |last1=Emmott |first1=Robin |title=Belgium picks Lockheed's F-35 over Eurofighter on price |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aerospace-belgium/belgium-picks-lockheeds-f-35-over-eurofighter-on-price-idUSKCN1MZ1S0 |website=Reuters |access-date=26 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025145835/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aerospace-belgium/belgium-picks-lockheeds-f-35-over-eurofighter-on-price-idUSKCN1MZ1S0 |archive-date=25 October 2018 |location=Brussels |date=25 October 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>-->
			<ref name="Boot">Boot 1990, pp. 229–233.</ref>
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			<ref name="butler3">Butler 2000, p. 135.</ref>
			<ref name="butler4">Buttler 2000, p. 137.</ref>
			<ref name="CAPCHA"> ''Google.de''. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			<ref name="CANNON">Tweedie, Neil. (3 October 2006) ''Telegraph.co.uk''. Retrieved on 16 August 2013.</ref>
			<ref name="CBTACAUG15">{{cite book|title=Combat Aircraft Monthly|date=August 2015|publisher=]|location=], ], ]|page=17}}</ref>
			<ref name="CEIL">{{cite web|url=https://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/WHR_1-15_Maximising_European_Combat_Air_Power.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-06-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714141600/https://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/WHR_1-15_Maximising_European_Combat_Air_Power.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2015}}</ref>
			<ref name="centurion">{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=RIAT: How Typhoon updates put Centurion on guard for UK |work=Flight International |date=20 July 2019}}</ref>
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			-->
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			-->
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			<ref name="T2MAIDEN">Hoeveler, Wolfdietrich and Phillip Lee. ''eurofighter.com'', 2009. Retrieved: 12 October 2009.</ref>
			<ref name="TimesSaudi">Evans, Michael. ''The Times'', 9 January 2007. Retrieved: 11 January 2007.</ref>
			<ref name="THRUSTV">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/eurojet-pushes-thrust-vectoring-technology-for-typhoon-333501/|title=Eurojet pushes thrust-vectoring technology for Typhoon|date=18 October 2009|access-date=21 October 2016}}</ref>
			<ref name="TORPY"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811011155/http://defpro.com/news/details/9044/ |date=11 August 2009}} ''Defpro.com'', 9 August 2009. Retrieved: 28 November 2009.</ref>
			<ref name="Typhoon_Janes">"Eurofighter Typhoon". ''All the World's Aircraft''. Jane's Information Group, 2013.</ref>
			<ref name="TYTAN">{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/farnborough-bae-wins-10-year-typhoon-support-deal-427433/|title=FARNBOROUGH: BAE wins 10-year Typhoon support deal|date=15 July 2016|access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref>
			<ref name="Wall">Wall, Robert. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518060906/http://www.aviationweek.com/Article.aspx?id=%2Farticle-xml%2Fawx_11_14_2011_p0-394043.xml |date=18 May 2013}} ''Aviation Week,''14 November 2011. Retrieved: 7 July 2012.</ref>
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			<ref name="YEMEN">{{Cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11584269/Saudis-UK-made-war-jets-outnumber-RAFs.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/11584269/Saudis-UK-made-war-jets-outnumber-RAFs.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Saudis' UK-made war jets outnumber RAF's |date= 5 May 2015 |work= The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
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			<ref name="butl2">Buttler 1990, p. 134.</ref>
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			<ref name="Modern Fighters">Spick 2002</ref>
			<ref name="UD18j">Jennings, Gareth (10 July 2020) Jsnes</ref>
			<ref name="20T4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ila-2022-spain-signs-for-halcon-eurofighters|title=ILA 2022: Spain signs for Halcon Eurofighters|website=Janes.com|date=23 June 2022 }}</ref>
			<ref name="HALCON2">{{cite web | url=https://www.defencetoday.com/air/air-platforms/spain-to-acquire-25-additional-typhoons/ | title=Spain to acquire 25 additional Typhoons | date=3 October 2023 }}</ref>
			}}
	===Bibliography===		===Bibliography===
	{{Refbegin}}		{{Refbegin}}
	* Boot, Roy. ''From Spitfire to Eurofighter: 45 years of Combat Aircraft Design''. Shrewsbury, UK: AirLife Publishing Ltd., 1990. ISBN 1-85310-093-5.		*Boot, Roy. ''From Spitfire to Eurofighter: 45 years of Combat Aircraft Design''. Shrewsbury, UK: AirLife Publishing Ltd., 1990. {{ISBN|1-85310-093-5}}.
	* Buttler, Tony. ''British Secret Projects: Jet Fighters Since 1950''. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2000. ISBN 1-85780-095-8.		*Buttler, Tony. ''British Secret Projects: Jet Fighters Since 1950''. Hinckley, UK: Midland Publishing, 2000. {{ISBN|1-85780-095-8}}.
	* {{Cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|year=|isbn=1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden|2004}}}}		*{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|date=July 2006 |publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=1-904687-84-9|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|location=London, UK}}
	* Harkins, Hugh. ''Eurofighter 2000, Europe`s Fighter for the New Millennium (Aerofax 6)''. Earl Shilton, UK: Midland Publishing, 2006, First edition 1997. ISBN 1-85780-068-0.		*Harkins, Hugh. ''Eurofighter 2000, Europe's Fighter for the New Millennium (Aerofax 6)''. Earl Shilton, UK: Midland Publishing, 2006, First edition 1997. {{ISBN|1-85780-068-0}}.
	* Matthews, Henry. ''Prelude to Eurofighter: EAP (Experimental Aircraft Programme)'' (X-Planes Profile-1). Beirut, Lebanon: HPM (Henry Paul Matthews) Publications, 2000.		*Matthews, Henry. ''Prelude to Eurofighter: EAP (Experimental Aircraft Programme)'' (X-Planes Profile-1). Beirut, Lebanon: HPM (Henry Paul Matthews) Publications, 2000.
	* Richardson, Doug. ''Stealth Warplanes: Deception, Evasion and Concealment in the Air''. London: Salamander, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1051-3.		*Richardson, Doug. ''Stealth Warplanes: Deception, Evasion and Concealment in the Air''. London: Salamander, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7603-1051-3}}.
	* Spick, Mike. "Eurofighter EF 2000 Typhoon". ''Brassey's Modern Fighters: The Ultimate Guide to In-Flight Tactics, Technology, Weapons, and Equipment''. Washington, DC: Potomac Books Inc, 2002. ISBN 1-57488-462-X.		*Spick, Mike. "Eurofighter EF 2000 Typhoon". ''Brassey's Modern Fighters: The Ultimate Guide to In-Flight Tactics, Technology, Weapons, and Equipment''. Washington, DC: Potomac Books Inc, 2002. {{ISBN|1-57488-462-X}}.
	* Spick, Mike. "Eurofighter Typhoon." ''The Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. St. Paul, Minnesota USA: MBI Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 0-7603-0893-4.		*Spick, Mike. "Eurofighter Typhoon". ''The Great Book of Modern Warplanes''. St. Paul, Minnesota USA: MBI Publishing Company, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7603-0893-4}}.
	* Williams, Mel, ed. "Dassault Rafale". ''Superfighters, The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft''. London: AIRtime, 2002. ISBN 1-880588-53-6.		*Williams, Mel, ed. "Dassault Rafale". ''Superfighters, The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft''. London: AIRtime, 2002. {{ISBN|1-880588-53-6}}.
	{{Refend}}		{{Refend}}
	==External links==		== External links ==
	{{Commons}}		{{Commons and category}}
			* {{Official website}}
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			{{Aircraft of the Airbus Group}}
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Latest revision as of 17:46, 3 January 2025

1994 multi-role combat aircraft family by Eurofighter "EF2000" and "Eurofighter" redirect here. For other uses, see Eurofighter (disambiguation).

Eurofighter Typhoon
Royal Air Force Typhoon F2 flying through the Mach Loop in Snowdonia National Park, Wales.
General information
Type	Multirole fighter, air superiority fighter
National origin	Multinational
Manufacturer	Eurofighter GmbH
Status	In service
Primary users	Royal Air Force German Air Force Italian Air Force Spanish Air and Space Force See Operators below for others
Number built	592 as of November 2023
History
Manufactured	1994–present
Introduction date	4 August 2003
First flight	27 March 1994
Developed from	British Aerospace EAP
Variants	Eurofighter Typhoon variants

The Eurofighter Typhoon is a European multinational twin-engine, supersonic, canard delta wing, multirole fighter. The Typhoon was designed originally as an air-superiority fighter and is manufactured by a consortium of Airbus, BAE Systems and Leonardo that conducts the majority of the project through a joint holding company, Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH. The NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency, representing the UK, Germany, Italy and Spain, manages the project and is the prime customer.

The aircraft's development effectively began in 1983 with the Future European Fighter Aircraft programme, a multinational collaboration among the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Previously, Germany, Italy and the UK had jointly developed and deployed the Panavia Tornado combat aircraft and desired to collaborate on a new project, with additional participating EU nations. However disagreements over design authority and operational requirements led France to leave the consortium to develop the Dassault Rafale independently. A technology demonstration aircraft, the British Aerospace EAP, first flew on 6 August 1986; a Eurofighter prototype made its maiden flight on 27 March 1994. The aircraft's name, Typhoon, was adopted in September 1998 and the first production contracts were also signed that year.

The sudden end of the Cold War reduced European demand for fighter aircraft and led to debate over the aircraft's cost and work share and protracted the Typhoon's development: the Typhoon entered operational service in 2003 and is now in service with the air forces of Austria, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Saudi Arabia and Oman. Kuwait and Qatar have also ordered the aircraft, bringing the procurement total to 680 aircraft as of November 2023.

The Eurofighter Typhoon is a highly agile aircraft, designed to be an effective dogfighter in combat. Later production aircraft have been increasingly better equipped to undertake air-to-surface strike missions and to be compatible with an increasing number of different armaments and equipment, including Storm Shadow, Brimstone and Marte ER missiles. The Typhoon had its combat debut during the 2011 military intervention in Libya with the UK's Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Italian Air Force, performing aerial reconnaissance and ground-strike missions. The type has also taken primary responsibility for air-defence duties for the majority of customer nations.

Development

For a chronological guide, see Timeline of the Eurofighter Typhoon.

Origins

Further information: British Aerospace EAP

In the UK, as early as 1971, work commenced on the development of a manoeuvrable, tactical aircraft to replace the SEPECAT Jaguar (that was then about to enter service with the RAF). This work soon expanded to include an air superiority capability. A specification titled Air Staff Target 403 (AST 403), in 1972, led to the Hawker P.96, an unbuilt design with a relatively conventional planform, including a separate tail structure, in the late 1970s.

Simultaneously, in West Germany, the requirement for a new fighter had resulted in competition between Dornier, VFW-Fokker and Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) for a future Luftwaffe contract known as Taktisches Kampfflugzeug 90 ("Tactical Combat Aircraft 90"; TKF-90). Dornier collaborated with Northrop in the US on an acclaimed, but unsuccessful design, known as the Northrop-Dornier ND-102. MBB was successful, with a design including a cranked delta wing, close-coupled-canard controls, and artificial stability.

In 1979, MBB and British Aerospace (BAe) presented a formal proposal to their respective governments for a collaboration, to be known as the European Collaborative Fighter, or European Combat Fighter (ECF). In October 1979, French firm Dassault joined the ECF project. It was at this stage of development the Eurofighter name was first attached to the aircraft. However, the development of three separate prototypes continued: MBB continued to refine its TKF-90 concept, and Dassault produced a design known as the ACX.

In the meantime, while the P.96 would have met the original UK specification, it had been cancelled because it was considered to offer little potential for future upgrades and redevelopment. In addition, there was a feeling within the UK aircraft industry that the P.96 would have been too similar to the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet, which was then known to be at an advanced stage of development. The P.96 would not have been available until long after the Hornet, which would therefore likely have met and closed off most potential export markets for the P.96. BAe then produced two new proposals: the P.106B, a single-engined lightweight fighter, superficially resembling the JAS 39 Gripen, and the twin-engine P.110. The RAF rejected the P.106 concept on the grounds it had "half the effectiveness of the two-engined aircraft at two-thirds of the cost".

The ECF project collapsed in 1981 for several reasons, including differing requirements, Dassault's insistence on "design leadership" and the British preference for a new version of the RB199 to power the aircraft versus the French preference for the new Snecma M88.

Consequently, the Panavia partners (MBB, BAe and Aeritalia) launched the Agile Combat Aircraft (ACA) programme in April 1982. BAe designers agreed with the overall configuration of the proposed MBB TKF-90, although they rejected some of its more ambitious features such as engine vectoring nozzles and vented trailing edge controls – a form of boundary layer control. The ACA, like the BAe P.110, had a cranked delta wing, canards and a twin tail. One major external difference was the replacement of the side-mounted engine intakes with a chin intake. The ACA was to be powered by a modified version of the RB199. The German and Italian governments withdrew funding, and the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) agreed to fund 50% of the cost with the remaining 50% to be provided by industry. MBB and Aeritalia signed up and it was agreed that the aircraft would be produced at two sites: BAe Warton and an MBB factory in Germany. In May 1983, BAe announced a contract with the MoD for the development and production of an ACA demonstrator, the Experimental Aircraft Programme.

In 1983, Italy, Germany, France, the UK and Spain launched the "Future European Fighter Aircraft" (FEFA) programme. The aircraft was to have short take off and landing (STOL) and beyond visual range (BVR) capabilities. In 1984, France reiterated its requirement for a carrier-capable version and demanded a leading role. Italy, West Germany and the UK opted out and established a new EFA programme. In Turin on 2 August 1985, West Germany, the UK and Italy agreed to go ahead with the Eurofighter; and confirmed France, along with Spain, had chosen not to proceed as a member of the project. Despite pressure from France, Spain rejoined the Eurofighter project in early September 1985. France officially withdrew from the project to pursue its own ACX project, which was to become the Dassault Rafale.

By 1986, the programme's cost had reached £180 million. When the EAP programme had started, the cost was supposed to be equally shared by government and industry, but the West German and Italian governments wavered on the agreement and the British government and private finance had to provide £100 million to keep the programme from ending. In April 1986, the British Aerospace EAP was rolled out at BAe Warton. The EAP first flew on 6 August 1986. The Eurofighter bears a strong resemblance to the EAP. Design work continued over the next five years using data from the EAP. Initial requirements were: UK: 250 aircraft, Germany: 250, Italy: 165 and Spain: 100. The share of the production work was divided among the countries in proportion to their projected procurement – BAe (33%), DASA (33%), Aeritalia (21%), and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) (13%).

The Munich-based Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH was established in 1986 to manage development of the project and EuroJet Turbo GmbH, the alliance of Rolls-Royce, MTU Aero Engines, FiatAvio (now Avio) and ITP for development of the EJ200. The aircraft was known as Eurofighter EFA from the late 1980s until it was renamed EF 2000 in 1992.

By 1990, the selection of the aircraft's radar had become a major stumbling-block. The UK, Italy and Spain supported the Ferranti Defence Systems-led ECR-90, while Germany preferred the APG-65-based MSD2000 (a collaboration between Hughes, AEG and GEC-Marconi). An agreement was reached after UK Defence Secretary Tom King assured his West German counterpart Gerhard Stoltenberg that the British government would approve the project and allow the GEC subsidiary Marconi Electronic Systems to acquire Ferranti Defence Systems from its parent, the Ferranti Group, which was in financial and legal difficulties. GEC thus withdrew its support for the MSD2000.

Delays

The financial burdens placed on Germany by reunification caused Helmut Kohl to make an election promise to cancel the Eurofighter. In early to mid-1991 German Defence Minister Volker Rühe sought to withdraw Germany from the project in favour of using Eurofighter technology in a cheaper, lighter plane. Because of the amount of money already spent on development, the number of jobs dependent on the project, and the binding commitments on each partner government, Kohl was unable to withdraw; "Rühe's predecessors had locked themselves into the project by a punitive penalty system of their own devising."

In 1995 concerns over workshare appeared. Since the formation of Eurofighter the workshare split had been agreed at 33/33/21/13 (United Kingdom/Germany/Italy/Spain) based on the number of units being ordered by each contributing nation, all the nations then reduced their orders. The UK cut its orders from 250 to 232, Germany from 250 to 140, Italy from 165 to 121 and Spain from 100 to 87. According to these order levels the workshare split should have been 39/24/22/15 UK/Germany/Italy/Spain, however Germany was unwilling to give up such a large amount of work. In January 1996, after much negotiation between German and UK partners, a compromise was reached whereby Germany would purchase another 40 aircraft. The workshare split was therefore UK 37.42%, Germany 29.03%, Italy 19.52% and Spain 14.03%.

At the 1996 Farnborough Airshow the UK announced funding for the construction phase of the project. On 22 December 1997 the defence ministers of the four partner nations signed the contract for production of the Eurofighter.

Testing

The maiden flight of the Eurofighter prototype took place in Bavaria on 27 March 1994, flown by DASA chief test pilot Peter Weger. In December 2004, Eurofighter Typhoon IPA4 began three months of Cold Environmental Trials (CET) at the Vidsel Air Base in Sweden, the purpose of which was to verify the operational behaviour of the aircraft and its systems in temperatures between −25 and 31 °C. The maiden flight of Instrumented Production Aircraft 7 (IPA7), the first fully equipped Tranche 2 aircraft, took place from EADS' Manching airfield on 16 January 2008.

Procurement, production and costs

The first production contract was signed on 30 January 1998 between Eurofighter GmbH, Eurojet and NETMA. The procurement totals were as follows: the UK 232, Germany 180, Italy 121, and Spain 87. Production was again allotted according to procurement: BAe (37.42%), DASA (29.03%), Aeritalia (19.52%), and CASA (14.03%).

On 2 September 1998, a naming ceremony was held at Farnborough, United Kingdom. This saw the Typhoon name formally adopted, initially for export aircraft only. The name continues the storm theme started by the Panavia Tornado. This was reportedly resisted by Germany; the Hawker Typhoon was a fighter-bomber aircraft used by the RAF during the Second World War to attack German targets. The name "Spitfire II" (after the famous British Second World War fighter, the Supermarine Spitfire) had also been considered and rejected for the same reason early in the development programme. In September 1998, contracts were signed for production of 148 Tranche 1 aircraft and procurement of long lead-time items for Tranche 2 aircraft. In March 2008, the final Tranche 1 aircraft was delivered to the German Air Force. On 21 October 2008, the RAF's first two of 91 Tranche 2 aircraft, were delivered to RAF Coningsby.

In July 2009, after almost 2 years of negotiations, the planned Tranche 3 purchase was split into 2 parts and the Tranche 3A contract was signed by the partner nations. The "Tranche 3B" order did not go ahead.

The Eurofighter Typhoon is unique in modern combat aircraft in that there are four separate assembly lines. Each partner company assembles its own national aircraft, but builds the same parts for all aircraft (including exports); Premium AEROTEC (main centre fuselage), EADS CASA (right wing, leading edge slats), BAE Systems (BAE) (front fuselage (including foreplanes), canopy, dorsal spine, tail fin, inboard flaperons, rear fuselage section) and Leonardo (left wing, outboard flaperons, rear fuselage sections).

Production is divided into three tranches (see table below). Tranches are a production/funding distinction, and do not imply an incremental increase in capability with each tranche. Tranche 3 are based on late Tranche 2 aircraft with improvements added. Tranche 3 was split into A and B parts. Tranches were further divided up into production standard/capability blocks and funding/procurement batches, though these did not coincide, and are not the same thing; e.g., the Eurofighter designated FGR4 by the RAF is a Tranche 1, block 5. Batch 1 covered block 1, but batch 2 covered blocks 2, 2B and 5. On 25 May 2011 the 100th production aircraft, ZK315, rolled off the production line at Warton.

In 1985 the estimated cost of 250 UK aircraft was £7 billion. By 1997 the estimated cost was £17 billion; by 2003, £20 billion, and the in-service date (2003, defined as the date of delivery of the first aircraft to the RAF) was 54 months late. After 2003, the MoD refused to release updated cost-estimates on the grounds of commercial sensitivity. However, in 2011, the National Audit Office estimated the UK's "assessment, development, production and upgrade costs eventually hit £22.9 billion" and total programme costs would reach £37 billion.

By 2007, Germany estimated the system cost (aircraft and training, plus spare parts) at €120 million and said it was in perpetual increase. On 17 June 2009, Germany ordered 31 aircraft of Tranche 3A for €2.8 billion, leading to a system cost of €90 million per aircraft. The UK's Committee of Public Accounts reported that mismanagement of the project had helped increase the cost of each aircraft by seventy-five percent. The Spanish MoD put the cost of their Typhoon project up to December 2010 at €11.718 billion, up from an original €9.255 billion and implying a system cost for their 73 aircraft of €160 million.

On 31 March 2009, a Eurofighter Typhoon fired an AIM-120 AMRAAM whilst having its radar in passive mode for the first time; the necessary target data for the missile was acquired by the radar of a second Eurofighter Typhoon and transmitted using the Multifunctional Information Distribution System (MIDS). The entire Typhoon fleet passed the 500,000 flying hours milestone in 2018. As of August 2019, a total of 623 orders had been received.

In July 2016, the ten-year Typhoon Total Availability Enterprise (TyTAN) support deal between the RAF and industry partners BAE and Leonardo was announced that aims to reduce the Typhoon's per-hour operating cost by 30 to 40 percent. This should equate to a saving of at least £550 million ($712 million), which "will be recycled into the programme" and, according to BAE, will result in the Typhoon having a per-hour operating cost "equivalent to a F-16". By 2022 it was estimated that savings would be "over £500 million."

Upgrades

In 2000, the UK selected the Meteor from MBDA as the long range air-to-air missile armament for its Typhoons with an in-service date (ISD) of December 2011. In December 2002, France, Germany, Spain and Sweden joined the British in a $1.9bn contract for Meteor on Typhoon, the Dassault Rafale and the Saab Gripen. The protracted contract negotiations pushed the ISD to August 2012, and it was further put back by Eurofighter's failure to make trials aircraft available to the Meteor partners. In 2014 the "second element of the Phase 1 Enhancements package known as 'P1Eb'" was announced, allowing "Typhoon to realise both its air-to-air and air-to-ground capability to full effect".

In 2011 Flight International reported that budgetary pressures being encountered by the four original partner nations were limiting upgrades. For example, the four original partner nations were reluctant at that stage to fund enhancements that extend the aircraft's air-to-ground capability, such as integration of the MBDA Storm Shadow cruise missile.

Tranche 3 aircraft ESM/ECM enhancements have focused on improving radiating jamming power with antenna modifications, while EuroDASS is reported to offer a range of new capabilities, including the addition of a digital receiver, extending band coverage to low frequencies (VHF/UHF) and introducing an interferometric receiver with extremely precise geolocation functionalities. On the jamming side, EuroDASS is looking to low-band (VHF/UHF) jamming, more capable antennae, new ECM techniques, while protection against missile is to be enhanced through a new passive MWS in addition to the active devices already on board the aircraft. The latest support for self-protection will however originate from the new AESA radar which is to replace the Captor system, providing in a spiralled programme with passive, active and cyberwarfare RF capabilities. Selex ES has developed a self-contained expendable Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) jammer for fast jet aircraft known as BriteCloud which is being studied for integration on the Typhoon.

Eurojet is attempting to find funding to test thrust vectoring control (TVC) nozzles on a flight demonstrator. In April 2014, BAE announced new wind tunnel tests to assess the aerodynamic characteristics of conformal fuel tanks (CFTs). The CFTs, which can be fitted to any Tranche 3 aircraft, could carry 1,500 litres each to increase the Typhoon's combat radius by a factor of 25% to 1,500 n miles (2,778 km).

BAE has completed development of its Striker II Helmet-Mounted Display that builds on the capabilities of the original Striker Helmet-Mounted Display, which is already in service on the Typhoon. Striker II features a new display with more colour and can transition between day and night seamlessly eliminating the need for separate night vision goggles. In addition, the helmet can monitor the pilot's exact head position so it always knows exactly what information to display. The system is compatible with ANR, a 3-D audio threats system and 3-D communications; these are available as customer options. In 2015, BAE was awarded a £1.7 million contract to study the feasibility of a common weapon launcher that could be capable of carrying multiple weapons and weapon types on a single pylon.

Also in 2015, Airbus flight tested a package of aerodynamic upgrades for the Eurofighter known as the Aerodynamic Modification Kit (AMK) consisting of reshaped (delta) fuselage strakes, extended trailing-edge flaperons and leading-edge root extensions. This increases wing lift by 25% resulting in an increased turn rate, tighter turning radius, and improved nose-pointing ability at low speed with angle of attack values around 45% greater and roll rates up to 100% higher. Eurofighter's Laurie Hilditch said these improvements should increase subsonic turn rate by 15% and give the Eurofighter the sort of "knife-fight in a phone box" turning capability enjoyed by rivals such as Boeing's F/A-18E/F or the Lockheed Martin F-16, without sacrificing the transonic and supersonic high-energy agility inherent to its delta wing-canard configuration. Eurofighter Project Pilot Germany Raffaele Beltrame said: "The handling qualities appeared to be markedly improved, providing more manoeuvrability, agility and precision while performing tasks representative of in-service operations. And it is extremely interesting to consider the potential benefits in the air-to-surface configuration thanks to the increased variety and flexibility of stores that can be carried."

In April 2016, Finmeccanica (now Leonardo) demonstrated the air-to-ground capabilities of its Mode 5 Reverse-Identification friend or foe (IFF) system which showed that it is possible to give pilots the ability to distinguish between friendly and enemy platforms in a simple fashion using the aircraft's existing transponder. Finmeccanica said NATO is considering the system as a short- to mid-term solution for air-to-surface identification of friendly forces and thus avoid collateral damages due to friendly fire during close air support operations.

UK Project Centurion upgrades

With the confirmed retirement date of March 2019 for RAF Tornado GR4s, in 2014 the UK commenced an upgrade programme that would eventually become the £425 million Project Centurion to ensure the Typhoon was able to assume the precision strike duties of the ageing Tornado. The upgrade was delivered under different phases:

• Phase 0 – initial multirole upgrades.
• Phase 1/P2EA – MBDA Meteor integration and initial Storm Shadow Capability.
• Phase 2/P3EA – Full Storm Shadow capability as well as Brimstone integration.

Phase 1 standard aircraft were used operationally for the first time as part of Operation Shader over Iraq and Syria in 2018. On 18 December 2018 the RAF approved release to service for the full Project Centurion package.

Proposed upgrade for German Tornado replacement

On 24 April 2018, Airbus announced its offer to replace Germany's Panavia Tornado fleet, proposing the integration of new weaponry, performance enhancements and additional capabilities to the Eurofighter Typhoon. This is similar to that being performed as part of the UK's Project Centurion. Integration of air-to-ground weapons already has begun on German Typhoons as part of Project Odin. Among the weapons being offered are the Kongsberg Joint Strike Missile for the anti-ship mission and the Taurus cruise missile.

The consortium is keen to make use of the engine's growth potential to boost thrust by around 15% as well as improve fuel efficiency and range. This will be combined with a new design and enlarged 1,800-litre fuel tank. The aircraft currently is fitted with 1,000-litre fuel tanks. Other modifications will include the Aerodynamic Modification Kit, test flown in 2014, to improve maneuverability and handling, particularly with heavy weapon loads. Eurofighter says it is comfortable with delivering integration of the U.S. B61 nuclear weapon onto the aircraft, a process that requires U.S. certification. Paltzo said he was confident the U.S. government would not use the certification requirements of the weapon as "leverage" to force Germany towards a U.S. platform. A next-generation electronic warfare suite has been planned by the four-country consortium.

In November 2019, Airbus proposed a SEAD capability for the aircraft, a role which is currently performed by the Tornado ECR in German service. The Typhoon ECR would be configured with two Escort Jammer pods under the wings and two Emitter Location Systems at the wing tips. Armament configuration would include four MBDA Meteor, two IRIS-T and six SPEAR-EW in addition to three drop tanks.

On 5 November 2020, the German government approved an order for 38 Tranche 4 with ground attack capabilities for the replacement of Tranche 1 units in German service.

The Luftwaffe ordered 15 ECR electronic warfare aircraft for the Luftgestützte Wirkung im Elektromagnetischen Spektrum (luWES) requirement in March 2022. The 15 ECR EW aircraft will be transformed from existing German Typhoons and will be equipped with AGM-88E AARGM Anti-radiation missiles. The aircraft are expected to be NATO-certified by 2030.

The Tranche 4PE is a further development package aiming at integrating improved missiles (Meteor, Taurus, AMRAAM, GBU, JDAM).

Replacement

Germany is to replace the Eurofighter with the New Generation Fighter (NGF), co-developed with France and Spain. The Global Combat Air Programme is a ‘6th Generation’ fighter envisioned as a replacement for the RAF and Italian Air Force (AM), part of the UK's wider Future Combat Air System.

Design

Airframe overview

The Typhoon is a highly agile aircraft both at supersonic and at low speeds, achieved through having an intentionally relaxed stability design. It has a quadruplex digital fly-by-wire control system providing artificial stability, as manual operation alone could not compensate for the inherent instability. The fly-by-wire system is described as "carefree", and prevents the pilot from exceeding the permitted manoeuvre envelope. Roll control is primarily achieved by use of the ailerons. Pitch control is by operation of the canards and ailerons, because the canards disturb airflow to inner elevons (flaps). The yaw control is done by a large, single rudder. Engines are fed by a chin double intake ramp situated below a splitter plate.

The Typhoon features lightweight construction (82% composites consisting of 70% carbon fibre composite materials and 12% glass fibre reinforced composites) with an estimated lifespan of 6,000 flying hours.

Radar signature reduction features

Although it was not designated a stealth fighter, measures were taken to reduce the Typhoon's radar cross section (RCS), especially from the frontal aspect; An example of these measures is that the Typhoon has jet inlets that conceal the front of the engines (a strong radar target) from radar. Many important potential radar targets, such as the wing, canard and fin leading edges, are highly swept so they will reflect radar energy well away from the front. Some external weapons are mounted semi-recessed into the aircraft, partially shielding these missiles from incoming radar waves. In addition radar-absorbent materials (RAM), developed primarily by EADS/DASA, coat many of the most significant reflectors, such as the wing leading edges, the intake edges and interior, the rudder surrounds, and strakes.

The manufacturers carried out tests on the early Eurofighter prototypes to optimise the low observability characteristics of the aircraft from the early 1990s. Testing at Warton on the DA4 prototype measured the RCS of the aircraft and investigated the effects of a variety of RAM coatings and composites. Another measure to reduce the likelihood of discovery is the use of passive sensors (PIRATE IRST), which minimises the radiation of treacherous electronic emissions. While canards generally have poor stealth characteristics from side because of corner to hull, the flight control system is designed to maintain the elevon trim and canards at an angle at which they have the smallest RCS.

Cockpit

The Typhoon features a glass cockpit without any conventional instruments. It incorporates three full colour multi-function head-down displays (MHDDs) (the formats on which are manipulated by means of softkeys, XY cursor, and voice (Direct Voice Input or DVI) command), a wide angle head-up display (HUD) with forward-looking infrared (FLIR), a voice and hands-on throttle and stick (Voice+HOTAS), a Helmet Mounted Symbology System (HMSS), a MIDS, a manual data-entry facility (MDEF) located on the left glareshield and a fully integrated aircraft warning system with a dedicated warnings panel (DWP). Reversionary flying instruments, lit by LEDs, are located under a hinged right glareshield. Access to the cockpit is normally via either a telescopic integral ladder or an external version. The integral ladder is stowed in the port side of the fuselage, below the cockpit.

User needs were given a high priority in the cockpit's design; both layout and functionality was developed with feedback and assessments from military pilots and a specialist testing facility. The aircraft is controlled by means of a centre stick (or control stick) and left hand throttles, designed on a Hand on Throttle and Stick (HOTAS) principle to lower pilot workload. Emergency escape is provided by a Martin-Baker Mk.16A ejection seat, with the canopy being jettisoned by two rocket motors. The HMSS was delayed by years but should have been operational by late 2011. Standard g-force protection is provided by the full-cover anti-g trousers (FCAGTs), a specially developed g suit providing sustained protection up to nine g. German and Austrian Air Force pilots wear a hydrostatic g-suit called Libelle (dragonfly) Multi G Plus instead, which also provides protection to the arms, theoretically giving more complete g tolerance.

In the event of pilot disorientation, the Flight Control System allows for rapid and automatic recovery by the simple press of a button. On selection of this cockpit control the FCS takes full control of the engines and flying controls, and automatically stabilises the aircraft in a wings level, gentle climbing attitude at 300 knots, until the pilot is ready to retake control. The aircraft also has an Automatic Low-Speed Recovery system (ALSR) which prevents it from departing from controlled flight at very low speeds and high angle of attack. The FCS system is able to detect a developing low-speed situation and to raise an audible and visual low-speed cockpit warning. This gives the pilot sufficient time to react and to recover the aircraft manually. If the pilot does not react, however, or if the warning is ignored, the ALSR takes control of the aircraft, selects maximum dry power for the engines and returns the aircraft to a safe flight condition. Depending on the attitude, the FCS employs an ALSR "push", "pull" or "knife-over" manoeuvre.

The Typhoon Direct Voice Input (DVI) system uses a speech recognition module (SRM), developed by Smiths Aerospace and Computing Devices. It was the first production DVI system used in a military cockpit. DVI provides the pilot with an additional natural mode of command and control over approximately 26 non-critical cockpit functions, to reduce pilot workload, improve aircraft safety, and expand mission capabilities. An important step in the development of the DVI occurred in 1987 when Texas Instruments completed the TMS-320-C30, a digital signal-processor, enabling reductions in the size and system complexity required. The project was given the go-ahead in July 1997, with development carried out on the Eurofighter Active Cockpit Simulator at Warton. The DVI system is speaker-dependent, requiring each pilot to create a template. It is not used for safety-critical or weapon-critical tasks, such as weapon release or lowering of the undercarriage. Voice commands are confirmed by visual or aural feedback, and serves to reduce pilot workload. All functions are also achievable by means of a conventional button-press or soft-key selections; functions include display management, communications, and management of various systems. EADS Defence and Security in Spain has worked on a new non-template DVI module to allow for continuous speech recognition, speaker voice recognition with common databases (e.g. British English, American English, etc.) and other improvements.

BAE Systems has been awarded a contract to develop new touch screen displays in the cockpit and enhance data processing capability for Eurofighter Typhoon.

Avionics

Navigation is via both GPS and an inertial navigation system. The Typhoon can use Instrument Landing System (ILS) for landing in poor weather. The aircraft also features an enhanced ground proximity warning system (GPWS) based on the TERPROM Terrain Referenced Navigation (TRN) system used by the Panavia Tornado. MIDS provides a Link 16 data link.

The aircraft employs a sophisticated and highly integrated Defensive Aids Sub-System named Praetorian (formerly Euro-DASS) Praetorian monitors and responds automatically to air and surface threats, provides an all-round prioritised assessment, and can respond to multiple threats simultaneously. Threat detection methods include a Radar warning receiver (RWR), a missile warning system (MWS) and a laser warning receiver (LWR, only on UK Typhoons). Protective countermeasures consist of chaff, flares, an electronic countermeasures (ECM) suite and a towed radar decoy (TRD). The ESM-ECM and MWS consists of 16 antenna array assemblies and 10 radomes.

Traditionally each sensor in an aircraft is treated as a discrete source of information; however this can result in conflicting data and limits the scope for the automation of systems, hence increasing pilot workload. To overcome this, the Typhoon employs sensor fusion techniques. In the Typhoon, fusion of all data sources is achieved through the Attack and Identification System, or AIS. This combines data from the major on-board sensors along with any information obtained from off-board platforms such as AWACS and MIDS. Additionally the AIS integrates all the other major offensive and defensive systems (e.g. DASS & communications). The AIS physically comprises two essentially separate units: the Attack Computer (AC) and the Navigation Computer (NC).

By having a single source of information, pilot workload should be reduced by removing the possibility of conflicting data and the need for cross-checking, improving situational awareness and increasing systems automation. In practice the AIS should allow the Eurofighter to identify targets at distances in excess of 150 nmi (280 km; 170 mi) and acquire and auto-prioritise them at over 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi). In addition the AIS offers the ability to automatically control emissions from the aircraft, so called EMCON (from EMissions CONtrol). This should aid in limiting the detectability of the Typhoon by opposing aircraft further reducing pilot workload.

In 2017 a RAF Eurofighter Typhoon demonstrated interoperability with the F-35B using its Multifunction Advanced Data Link (MADL) in a two-week trial known as Babel Fish III, in the Mojave Desert. This was achieved by translating the MADL messages into Link 16 format, thus allowing an F-35 in stealth mode to communicate directly with the Typhoon.

Radar and sensors

Captor radar

Main article: Euroradar CAPTOR

The Euroradar Captor is a mechanical multi-mode pulse Doppler radar designed for the Eurofighter Typhoon. The Eurofighter operates automatic Emission Controls (EMCON) to reduce the electro-magnetic emissions of the current CAPTOR mechanically scanned radar. The Captor-M has three working channels, one intended for classification of jammer and for jamming suppression. A succession of radar software upgrades have enhanced the air-to-air capability of the radar. These upgrades have included the R2P programme (initially UK only, and known as T2P when 'ported' to the Tranche 2 aircraft) which is being followed by R2Q/T2Q. R2P was applied to eight German Typhoons deployed on Red Flag Alaska in 2012.

Captor-E AESA variant

The Captor-E is an AESA derivative of the original Captor radar, also known as CAESAR (from Captor Active Electronically Scanned Array Radar) being developed by the Euroradar Consortium, led by Selex ES.

Synthetic Aperture Radar is expected to be fielded as part of the AESA radar upgrade which will give the Eurofighter an all-weather ground attack capability. The conversion to AESA will also give the Eurofighter a low probability of intercept radar with improved jam resistance. These include an innovative design with a gimbal to meet RAF requirements for a wider scan field than a fixed AESA. The coverage of a fixed AESA is limited to 120° in azimuth and elevation. A senior EADS radar expert has claimed that Captor-E is capable of detecting an F-35 from roughly 59 kilometres (37 mi) away.

The first flight of a Eurofighter equipped with a "mass model" of the Captor-E occurred in late February 2014, with flight tests of the actual radar beginning in July of that year. On 19 November 2014 the contract to upgrade to the Captor-E was signed at the offices of EuroRadar lead Selex ES in Edinburgh, in a deal worth €1bn. Kuwait became the launch customer for the Captor-E active electronically scanned array radar in April 2016. Germany has announced the intention to integrate the AESA Captor-E into their Typhoons, beginning in 2022.

In January 2024, it was announced that the first European Common Radar System (ECRS) MK2 had been fitted to an RAF operated test and evaluation Typhoon ZK355 (BS116), at BAE Systems' site Warton. Leonardo and DE&S announced that the initial flight was scheduled to take place later in 2024.

The AESA radar program for the Eurofighter is now split into three European Common Radar System (ECRS) variants:

• ECRS Mk0: also called Radar One Plus, this is the baseline Captor-E model which was developed by Leonardo. Hardware development is complete and it is fitted to aircraft delivered to Kuwait and Qatar.
• ECRS Mk1: an upgrade of the Mk0 being developed by Hensoldt/Indra, for Germany and Spain. It will be retrofitted to their Tranche 2 and 3 aircraft, and also fitted to both countries' new Tranche 4 models.
• ECRS Mk2: also known as Radar Two, a different version developed from the ARTS and Bright Adder demonstrators, and from the Gripen E's ES-05 Raven radar. With electronic warfare/attack capabilities, it is being developed by Leonardo for the RAF, and integrated by BAE Systems. It will initially be applied to Tranche 3 aircraft, but the RAF may upgrade Tranche 2 later. Italy has joined development of the ECRS Mk2, which was part of the Typhoon offer to Finland for its HX Fighter Program.

IRST

Main article: EuroFIRST PIRATE

The Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system is an infrared search and track (IRST) system mounted on the port side of the fuselage, forward of the windscreen. Selex ES is the lead contractor which, along with Thales Optronics (system technical authority) and Tecnobit of Spain, make up the EUROFIRST consortium responsible for the system's design and development. Eurofighters starting with Tranche 1 block 5 have the PIRATE. The first Eurofighter Typhoon with PIRATE-IRST was delivered to the Italian Aeronautica Militare in August 2007. More advanced targeting capabilities can be provided with the addition of a targeting pod such as the Litening pod.

When used with the radar in an air-to-air role, it functions as an infrared search and track system, providing passive target detection and tracking. The system can detect variations in temperature at a long range. It also provides a navigation and landing aid. PIRATE is linked to the pilot's helmet-mounted display. It allows the detection of both hot exhaust plumes of jet engines and surface heating caused by friction; processing techniques further enhance the output, giving a near-high resolution image of targets. The output can be directed to any of the Multi-function Head Down Displays, and can also be overlaid on both the Helmet Mounted Sight and the Head Up Display.

Up to 200 targets can be simultaneously tracked using one of several different modes; Multiple Target Track (MTT), Single Target Track (STT), Single Target Track Ident (STTI), Sector Acquisition and Slaved Acquisition. In MTT mode the system will scan a designated volume space looking for potential targets. In STT mode PIRATE will provide tracking of a single designated target. An addition to this mode, STT Ident allows for visual identification of the target, the resolution being superior to CAPTOR's. When in Sector Acquisition mode PIRATE will scan a volume of space under direction of another onboard sensor such as CAPTOR. In Slave Acquisition, off-board sensors are used with PIRATE being commanded by data obtained from an AWACS or other source. When a target is found in either of these modes, PIRATE will automatically designate it and switch to STT.

Once a target has been tracked and identified, PIRATE can be used to cue an appropriately equipped short range missile, i.e. a missile with a high off-boresight tracking capability such as ASRAAM. Additionally the data can be used to augment that of Captor or off-board sensor information via the AIS. This should enable the Typhoon to overcome severe ECM environments and still engage its targets. PIRATE also has a passive ranging capability although the system remains limited when providing passive firing solutions, as it does not have a laser rangefinder.

Engines

Main article: Eurojet EJ200

The Eurofighter Typhoon is fitted with two Eurojet EJ200 engines, each capable of providing up to 60 kN (13,500 lbf) of dry thrust and >90 kN (20,230 lbf) with afterburners. Using the "war" setting, dry thrust increases by 15% to 69 kN per engine and afterburners by 5% to 95 kN per engine and for a few seconds, up to 102 kN thrust without damaging the engine. The EJ200 engine combines the leading technologies from each of the four European companies, using advanced digital control and health monitoring; wide chord aerofoils and single crystal turbine blades; and a convergent / divergent exhaust nozzle to give high thrust-to-weight ratio, multimission capability, supercruise performance, low fuel consumption, low cost of ownership, modular construction and growth potential.

The Typhoon is capable of supersonic cruise without using afterburners (referred to as supercruise). Air Forces Monthly gives a maximum supercruise speed of Mach 1.1 for the RAF FGR4 multirole version, however in a Singaporean evaluation, a Typhoon managed to supercruise at Mach 1.21 on a hot day with a combat load. Eurofighter states that the Typhoon can supercruise at Mach 1.5. As with the F-22, the Eurofighter can launch weapons while under supercruise to extend their ranges via this "running start". In 2007, the EJ200 engine had accumulated 50,000 Engine Flying Hours in service with the four Nation Air Forces (Germany, UK, Spain and Italy).

The EJ200 engine has the potential to be fitted with a thrust vectoring control (TVC) nozzle, which the Eurofighter and Eurojet consortium have been actively developing and testing, primarily for export but also for future upgrades of the fleet. TVC could reduce fuel burn on a typical Typhoon mission by up to 5%, as well as increase available thrust in supercruise by up to 7% and take-off thrust by 2%. Clemens Linden, Eurojet TURBO GmbH CEO, speaking at the 2018 Farnborough International Air Show, said "15 per cent more thrust would allow pilots to operate with a heavily loaded aircraft in the battlespace with the same performance levels as they have today. The technology insertion also provides more persistence – giving aircraft longer range or longer loitering time. To achieve more thrust we would increase the airflow and pressure ratios of the high and low pressure compressors and run higher temperatures in the turbines by using the latest generation single crystal turbine blade materials. And with higher aerodynamic efficiencies we can achieve a lower fuel burn. A third area of improvement would be the engine exhaust nozzle which would be upgraded with the installation of a 2-parametric version allowing independent and optimized adjustment of the throat and exit area at all flight conditions, providing fuel burn advantages. The technologies for the different components are at a Technology readiness level of between 7 and 9. The nozzle has been at ITP in Spain on a test bed for 400 hours."

Performance

The Typhoon's combat performance, compared to the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II fighters and the French Dassault Rafale, has been the subject of much discussion. In March 2005, United States Air Force Chief of Staff General John P. Jumper, then the only person to have flown both the Eurofighter Typhoon and the Raptor, said:

The Eurofighter is both agile and sophisticated, but is still difficult to compare to the F/A-22 Raptor. They are different kinds of airplanes to start with; it's like asking us to compare a NASCAR car with a Formula One car. They are both exciting in different ways, but they are designed for different levels of performance. ... The Eurofighter is certainly, as far as smoothness of controls and the ability to pull (and sustain high G forces), very impressive. That is what it was designed to do, especially the version I flew, with the avionics, the color moving map displays, etc. — all absolutely top notch. The maneuverability of the airplane in close-in combat was also very impressive. The F/A-22 performs in much the same way as the Eurofighter. But it has additional capabilities that allow it to perform the Air Force's unique missions.

In the 2005 Singapore evaluation, the Typhoon won all three combat tests, including one in which a single Typhoon defeated three RSAF F-16s, and reliably completed all planned flight tests. In July 2009, Former Chief of Air Staff for the RAF, Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy, said that "The Eurofighter Typhoon is an excellent aircraft. It will be the backbone of the Royal Air Force along with the JSF."

In July 2007, Indian Air Force Su-30MKI fighters participated in the Indra-Dhanush exercise with the RAF's Typhoon. This was the first time the two fighters had taken part in such an exercise. The IAF did not allow their pilots to use the MKI's radar during the exercise to protect the highly classified Russian N011M Bars. The IAF pilots were impressed by the Typhoon's agility. In 2015, Indian Air Force Su-30MKIs again participated in a Indra-Dhanush exercise with RAF Typhoons.

Armament

Air to ground

The Typhoon is a multi-role fighter with maturing air-to-ground capabilities. The initial absence of air-to-ground capability is believed to have been a factor in the type's rejection from Singapore's fighter competition in 2005. At the time it was claimed that Singapore was concerned about the delivery timescale and the ability of the Eurofighter partner nations to fund the required capability packages. Tranche 1 aircraft could drop laser-guided bombs in conjunction with third-party designators but the anticipated deployment of Typhoon to Afghanistan meant that the UK required self-contained bombing capabilities before the other partners. In 2006 the UK embarked on the £73m Change Proposal 193 (CP193) to give an "austere" air-to-surface capability using GBU-16 Paveway II and Rafael/Ultra Electronics Litening III laser designator for Tranche 1 Block 5 aircraft. Aircraft with this upgrade were designated Typhoon FGR4 by the RAF.

Similar capability was added to Tranche 2 aircraft on the main development pathway as part of the Phase 1 Enhancements. P1Ea (SRP10) entered service in 2013 Q1 and added the use of Paveway IV, EGBU16 and the cannon against surface targets. P1Eb (SRP12) added full integration with GPS bombs such as GBU-10 Paveway II, GBU-16 Paveway II, Paveway IV and a new real-time operating system that allows multiple targets to be attacked in a single run. This new system will form the basis for future weapons integration by individual countries under the Phase 2 Enhancements. The Storm Shadow and KEPD 350 (Taurus) cruise missiles, together with the Meteor Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air missile flight trials had been successfully completed by January 2016. The Storm Shadow and Meteor firings are part of the Phase 2 Enhancement (P2E) programme which introduced a range of new and improved long range attack capabilities to Typhoon. In addition to Meteor and Storm Shadow, the first live firing of MBDA's Brimstone air-to-surface missile, part of the Phase 3 Enhancements (P3E) programme, was successfully completed in July 2017.

German aircraft can carry four GBU-48 1000 lb bombs.

An anti-ship capability has been studied but has not yet been contracted. Weapon options for this role could include Boeing Harpoon, MBDA Marte, "Sea Brimstone", and RBS-15.

Air to air

This section needs expansion with: details related to its air-to-air armaments. You can help by adding to it. (January 2020)

The Typhoon also carries a specially developed variant of the Mauser BK-27 27 mm cannon that was developed originally for the Panavia Tornado. This is a single-barrel, electrically fired, gas-operated revolver cannon with a new linkless feed system which is located in the starboard wing root, and is capable of firing up to 1700 rounds per minute. There was a proposal on cost grounds in 1999 to limit UK gun-armament fit to the first 53 batch-1 aircraft and not used operationally, but this decision was reversed in 2006. The aircraft carries 150 rounds.

In his 2022 book Typhoon, former RAF pilot Mike Sutton reported that his 27 mm cannon had jammed during a strafing run in Syria, against ISIS targets, while supporting Allied ground units. According to his book, the Typhoon was originally intended to be built without an internal gun, like the F-4 Phantom and the Harrier jump jet. A decision to install an internal gun had led to "manufacturing issues". Sutton claimed that, during his staffing run, the gun jammed after 26 rounds, with the HUD showing a "GUN FAIL" warning legend. During the debrief it transpired that the problem was well known to both the pilots and ground crews.

In addition to its air to ground armament; the Typhoon can carry a mixture of air to air weaponry to fulfill its role as an air superiority fighter. This includes the ASRAAM, IRIS-T, and the AIM-9 Sidewinder heat seeking missiles; and the AIM-120 AMRAAM and the MBDA Meteor beyond visual range radar guided missiles. Under Tranche 2, Block 15 EOC (Enhanced Operational Capability) 2; the Meteor was integrated into the Typhoon's arsenal. This similar capability was achieved in the RAF under "Project Centurion"; with 107 Tranche 2 and 3 Typhoons modified to be capable to use the Meteor along with Brimstone and Storm Shadow air to ground missiles.

Weapon	Users
Guns
Mauser BK-27 autocannon (27mm)	Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Austria, Saudi Arabia, Oman
Air-to-air missiles
ASRAAM	UK
IRIS-T	Germany, Spain, Italy, Austria, Saudi Arabia
AIM-9L Sidewinder	Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Austria, Saudi Arabia, Oman
AIM-120 AMRAAM	Germany, Spain, Italy, UK, Saudi Arabia, Oman
MBDA Meteor	UK, Germany, Spain, Italy
Air-to-surface missiles
Taurus KEPD 350	Germany, Spain
Storm Shadow	UK, Italy, Saudi Arabia
Brimstone II	UK, Germany, Saudi Arabia
Air-to-surface guided bombs
Paveway II (GBU-10) 2,000 lb bomb	Spain
Paveway II (GBU-16) 1,000 lb bomb	UK, Spain, Oman
Paveway II (GBU-48) 1,000 lb bomb	UK, Germany, Spain, Saudi Arabia
Paveway IV	UK, Saudi Arabia
Joint Direct Attack Munition (GBU-54)	Germany

Operational history

Main article: Eurofighter Typhoon procurement

Austrian Air Force (Luftstreitkräfte)

In 2002, Austria selected the Typhoon as its new air defence aircraft, it having beaten the F-16 and the Saab Gripen in competition. The purchase of 18 Typhoons was agreed on 1 July 2003, however this was reduced to 15 in June 2007. The first aircraft (7L-WA) was delivered on 12 July 2007 to Zeltweg Air Base and formally entered service with the Austrian Air Force. A 2008 report by the Austrian Court of Audit calculated, that instead of getting 18 Tranche 2 jets at a price of €109 million each, as stipulated by the original contract, the revised deal, agreed to by Minister Norbert Darabos, meant that Austria was paying an increased unit price of €114 million for 15 partially used, Tranche 1 jets. In July 2008, the Luftstreitkräfte assigned the Eurofighter to Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) duties, by the end of the year they had been scrambled 73 times.

Austrian prosecutors are investigating allegations that up to €100 million was made available to lobbyists to influence the original purchase decision in favour of the Eurofighter. By October 2013, all Typhoons in service with Austria had been upgraded to the latest Tranche 1 standard. In 2014, due to defence budget restrictions, there were only 12 pilots available to fly the 15 aircraft in Austria's Air Force. In February 2017, Austrian defence minister Hans Peter Doskozil accused Airbus of fraudulent intent following a probe that allegedly unveiled corruption linked to the order of Typhoon jets.

In July 2017, the Austria Defence Ministry announced that it would be replacing all its Typhoon aircraft by 2020. The ministry said continued use of its Typhoons over their 30-year life span would cost about €5 billion with the bulk being for maintenance. By comparison it is estimated that buying and operating a new fleet of 15 single-seat and three twin-seat fighters would save €2 billion over that period. Austria plans to explore a government-to-government sale or lease agreement to avoid a lengthy and costly tender process with a manufacturer. Possible replacements include the Gripen and the F-16.

On 20 July 2020, a letter written by Indonesia's defence minister, Prabowo Subianto, was published by Indonesian news outlets expressing interest in acquiring Austria's entire fleet of Typhoon jets.

German Air Force (Luftwaffe)

On 4 August 2003, the German Air Force accepted its first series production Eurofighter (30+03) starting the replacement process of the Mikoyan MiG-29s inherited from the East German Air Force. The first Luftwaffe Wing to accept the Eurofighter was Jagdgeschwader 73 "Steinhoff" on 30 April 2004 at Rostock–Laage Airport. The second Wing was Jagdgeschwader 74 (JG74) on 25 July 2006, with four Eurofighters arriving at Neuburg Air Base, beginning the replacement of JG74's McDonnell Douglas F-4F Phantom IIs.

The Luftwaffe assigned their Eurofighters to QRA on 3 June 2008, taking over from the F-4F Phantom II.

On 28 October 2014, while deployed to Ämari Air Base in Estonia as part of the NATO Baltic Air Policing mission, German Eurofighters scrambled and intercepted seven Russian Air Force aircraft over the Baltic Sea.

The Luftwaffe once again provided Baltic Air Policing at Ämari Air Base between 31 August 2020 and April 2021, having taken over from Dassault Mirage 2000-5Fs of the French Air and Space Force.

On 5 June 2024, the German chancellor announced plans to purchase another twenty Eurofighters.

German Eurofighters took part in Exercise Tarang Shakti held by the Indian Air Force from 6 August 2024.

Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare)

On 16 December 2005, the F-2000 Typhoon reached initial operational capability (IOC) with the Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare). Its F-2000 Typhoons were put into service as air defence fighters at the Grosseto Air Base, and immediately assigned to QRA at the same base.

On 17 July 2009, Italian Air Force F-2000A Typhoons were deployed to protect Albania's airspace. On 29 March 2011, Italian Air Force Eurofighter Typhoons began flying combat air patrol missions in support of NATO's Operation Unified Protector in Libya.

Between January and August 2015, four Aeronautica Militare F-2000A Typhoons (from 36º and 37º Stormo) were deployed to Šiauliai Air Base in northern Lithuania as part of the Baltic Air Policing mission.

Kuwait Air Force

On 11 September 2015, Eurofighter confirmed that an agreement had been reached to supply Kuwait with 28 aircraft. On 1 March 2016, the Kuwaiti National Assembly approved the procurement of 22 single-seat and six twin-seat Typhoons. On 5 April 2016, Kuwait signed a contract with Leonardo valued at €7.957 billion ($9.062 billion) for the supply of the 28 aircraft, all to tranche 3 standard. The Kuwaiti aircraft will be the first Typhoons to receive the Captor-E AESA radar, with two instrumented production aircraft from the UK and Germany currently undergoing ground-based integration trials. The Typhoons will be fitted with Leonardo's Praetorian defensive aids suite and PIRATE infrared search and track system. The contract involves the production of aircraft in Italy and covers logistics, operational support and the training of flight crews and ground personnel. It also encompasses infrastructure work at the Ali Al Salem Air Base, where the Typhoons will be based. Aircraft deliveries will begin in 2020.

Qatar Emiri Air Force

From January 2011 the Qatar Emiri Air Force (QEAF) evaluated the Typhoon, alongside the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, the McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle, the Dassault Rafale, and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, to replace its then inventory of Dassault Mirage 2000-5s. On 30 April 2015 Qatar announced that it would order 24 Rafales.

In December 2017 a deal for Qatar to buy 24 jets and a support and training package from BAE was announced, scheduled to begin in 2022. In September 2018, Qatar made the first payment for the procurement of 24 Eurofighter Typhoons and nine BAE Systems Hawk aircraft to BAE.

Royal Air Force (UK)

The UK's first Typhoon Development Aircraft (DA-2) ZH588 made its maiden flight on 6 April 1994 from Warton. On 1 September 2002, No. XVII (Reserve) Squadron was reformed at Warton as the Typhoon Operational Evaluation Unit (TOEU), receiving its first aircraft on 18 December 2003. The first RAF production aircraft to take to the air was ZJ800 (BT001) on 14 February 2003, completing a 21-minute flight. The next Typhoon squadron to be formed was No. 29 (R) Squadron which formed as the Typhoon Operational Conversion Unit (OCU). The first operational RAF Typhoon squadron to be formed was No. 3 (Fighter) Squadron on 31 March 2006, when it moved to RAF Coningsby.

No. 3 (F) Squadron Typhoon F2s took over QRA responsibilities from the Panavia Tornado F3 on 29 June 2007, initially alternating with the Tornado F3 every month. On 9 August 2007, the UK's MoD reported that No. XI (F) Squadron of the RAF, which stood up as a Typhoon squadron on 29 March 2007, had taken delivery of its first two multi-role Typhoons. Two of No. XI (F) Squadron's Typhoons were sent to intercept a Russian Tupolev Tu-95 approaching British airspace on 17 August 2007. The RAF Typhoons were declared combat ready in the air-to-ground role by 1 July 2008. The RAF Typhoons were projected to be ready to deploy for operations by mid-2008.

In late 2009, four RAF Typhoons were deployed to RAF Mount Pleasant, replacing the Tornado F3s of No. 1435 Flight defending the Falkland Islands. No. 6 Squadron stood up at RAF Leuchars on 6 September 2010, making Leuchars the second RAF base to operate the Typhoon.

On 20 March 2011 ten Typhoons from RAF Coningsby and RAF Leuchars arrived at the Gioia del Colle airbase in southern Italy to enforce a no-fly zone in Libya alongside Panavia Tornado GR4s. On 21 March, RAF Typhoons flew their first-ever combat mission while patrolling the no-fly zone. On 29 March, it was revealed that the RAF was having to divert personnel from Typhoon training to meet the shortfall in pilots available to fly the required number of sorties over Libya. On 12 April 2011, a RAF Typhoon and a Tornado GR4 dropped precision-guided bombs on ground vehicles operated by Gaddafi forces. The RAF said that each aircraft dropped one GBU-16 Paveway II 454 kg (1,000 lb) laser-guided bomb which struck "very successfully and very accurately represented] a significant milestone in the delivery of multi-role Typhoon." Target designation was provided by the Tornados with their Litening III targeting pods due to the lack of Typhoon pilots trained in air-to-ground missions.

The National Audit Office observed in 2011 that the distribution of the Eurofighter's parts supply and repairs over several countries has led to parts shortages, long timescales for repairs, and the cannibalisation of some aircraft to keep others flying. The UK's then Defence Secretary Liam Fox admitted on 14 April 2011 that Britain's Eurofighter Typhoon jets were grounded in 2010 due to shortage of spare parts. The RAF "cannibalised" aircraft for spare parts in a bid to keep the maximum number of Typhoons operational on any given day. The MoD warned that the problems were likely to continue until 2015.

On 15 September 2012, No. 1 (F) Squadron stood up at RAF Leuchars, joining No. 6 Squadron as the second Typhoon unit to operate in Scotland. On 22 April 2013, No. 41 (R) Test and Evaluation Squadron (TES) began operating the Typhoon from RAF Coningbsy.

By July 2014, a dozen RAF Tranche 2 Typhoons had been upgraded with Phase 1 Enhancement (P1E) capability to enable them to use the Paveway IV guided bomb; the Tranche 1 version had used the GBU-12 Paveway II in combat over Libya, but the Paveway IV can be set to explode above or beneath a target and to hit at a set angle.

No. II (AC) Squadron became the fifth RAF Typhoon squadron on 12 January 2015 at RAF Lossiemouth. In July 2015, it was reported that Typhoons from No. II (AC) Squadron were training with Type 45 destroyers in an Air-Maritime Integration (AMI) role, conceding that the service had recently neglected the role following the decommissioning of the Nimrod Maritime Patrol aircraft. In the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR), the UK decided to retain some of the Tranche 1 aircraft to increase the number of front-line squadrons from five to seven and to extend the out-of-service date from 2030 to 2040 as well as implementing the Captor-E AESA radar in later tranches. In 2015, Typhoons were deployed to Malta as security for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.

On 3 December 2015, six Typhoon FGR4s deployed to RAF Akrotiri to support operations against ISIL. The following evening the Typhoons, accompanied by Tornados, attacked targets in Syria.

In October 2016, four Typhoon FGR4s from No. II (AC) Squadron, supported by an Airbus Voyager KC3 aerial tanker and a Boeing C-17 Globemaster III, deployed to Misawa Air Base in Japan for the first bilateral exercises with non-US forces hosted by the JASDF.

On 14 December 2017, it was announced No. 12 (B) Squadron would stand as a joint RAF/Qatari Air Force squadron, with the Qatari crew temporarily operating Typhoons to prepare them for their own Typhoon deliveries in 2022. On 29 January 2018, the RAF announced that 16 twin-seat Typhoons would undergo the Return to Produce (RTP) process in an effort to save £800 million, with each airframe producing £50M of spare parts. This move also reflected the switch from two-seat trainer to single-seat pilot training and greater use of training simulators. In addition, the two-seat airframes were primarily from Tranche 1 and could not be equipped with Tranche 3 and later upgrades such as Captor-E.

On 1 April 2019, No. IX (B) Squadron officially converted from the Tornado GR4 to the Typhoon FGR4, becoming an aggressor and air defence squadron at Lossiemouth. In April, four Typhoons of No. XI (F) Squadron deployed from RAF Coningsby to Ämari Airbase, Estonia, to undergo a four month long NATO Baltic policing mission (Op AZOTIZE). Five Typhoons of No. 6 Squadron participated in the Arctic Challenge Exercise (ACE) in Sweden from 22 May to 4 June. No. 12 Squadron were assigned their first Typhoon FGR4 in July 2019. The 160th, and last, Typhoon (ZK437) was delivered to the RAF on 27 September 2019.

Between November and December 2019, No. 1(F) Squadron deployed to Keflavik Airbase in Iceland as part of NATO's Icelandic Air Policing Mission. During this one-month deployment the aircraft conducted more than 180 practice intercepts and 59 training sorties.

Between April and September 2020, No. 6 Squadron deployed to Šiauliai Air Base, Lithuania, as part of Operation Azotize. While deployed the squadron participated in Exercise BALTOPs 2020. In July 2020, No. 12 Squadron began operating as a joint RAF-QEAF unit at RAF Coningsby.

On 22 March 2021 the 2021 Defence Command Paper announced the retirement of all Tranche 1 Typhoons by 2025, with the remaining fleet being upgraded. Also in 2021 the UK launched the P3Ec package, due for delivery in 2024, including several upgrades, including replacing the multifunction displays with a Large Area Display (LAD). On 14 December 2021 the RAF executed its first operational air-to-air engagement with a Typhoon, shooting down a small hostile drone with an ASRAAM near the Al-Tanf coalition base in Syria.

On 7 September 2022 during the joint UK/US SinkEx 'Atlantic Thunder' a 41 Squadron Typhoon successfully hit the ex-USS Boone with Paveway IVs, becoming the first RAF Typhoon to strike a naval target with live ordnance.

Between 18 and 22 September 2023, Typhoons from 41 Squadron took part in the Finnish led Exercise ‘Baana 23’. During this exercise, the aircraft performed landings and takeoffs from a highway in Tervo, marking a first for any Eurofighter operator.

On 12 January 2024, at 2:30 am local time, four RAF Typhoons dropped Paveway IV bombs on two military facilities, used by Houthis to launch drone and missile strikes on ships in the Red Sea, as a part of the 2024 Yemeni airstrike.

On 13 April 2024, RAF Typhoons shot down an unspecified number of unmanned aerial vehicles during the 2024 Iranian strikes in Israel. The Typhoons, based in Cyprus and Romania, were operating in Iraqi and Syrian airspace as part of Operation Shader.

Royal Air Force of Oman

During the 2008 Farnborough Airshow it was announced that Oman was in an "advanced stage" of discussions to order Typhoons as a replacement for its SEPECAT Jaguar aircraft. On 21 December 2012, the Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO) became the Typhoon's seventh customer when BAE and Oman announced an order for 12 Typhoons to enter service in 2017. The first of the Typhoons (plus Hawk Mk 166) ordered by Oman were "formally presented to the customer" on 15 May 2017. This included a flypast by a RAFO Typhoon.

Royal Saudi Air Force

In August 2006, Saudi Arabia confirmed it had agreed to purchase 72 Typhoons for the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF). In December 2006, it was reported in The Guardian that Saudi Arabia had threatened to buy Rafales because of a UK Serious Fraud Office (SFO) investigation into the Al Yamamah defence deals which commenced in the 1980s.

On 14 December 2006, Britain's attorney general, Lord Goldsmith, ordered that the SFO discontinue its investigation into BAE Systems' alleged bribery of senior Saudi officials in the Al-Yamamah contracts, citing "the need to safeguard national and international security". The Times raised the possibility that RAF production aircraft would be diverted as early Saudi Arabian aircraft, with the RAF forced to wait for its full complement of aircraft. This arrangement would mirror the diversion of RAF Tornados to the RSAF. The Times also reported that such an arrangement would make the UK purchase of its Tranche 3 commitments more likely. On 17 September 2007, Saudi Arabia confirmed it had signed a £4.43 billion contract for 72 aircraft. 24 aircraft would be at the Tranche 2 build standard, previously destined for the UK RAF, the first being delivered in 2008. The remaining 48 aircraft were to be assembled in Saudi Arabia and delivered from 2011, however following contract renegotiations in 2011, it was agreed that all 72 aircraft would be assembled by BAE Systems in the UK, with the last 24 aircraft being built to Tranche 3 capability.

On 29 September 2008, the United States Department of State approved the Typhoon sale, required because of a certain technology governed by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) process which was incorporated into the MIDS of the Eurofighter.

On 22 October 2008, the first RSAF Typhoon made its maiden flight at Warton. Since 2010, BAE has been training Saudi Arabian personnel at Warton.

By 2011, 24 Tranche 2 Eurofighter Typhoons had been delivered to Saudi Arabia, consisting of 18 single-seat and six two-seat aircraft. After that, BAE and Riyadh entered into discussions over configurations and price of the rest of the 72-plane order. On 19 February 2014, BAE announced that the Saudis had agreed to a price increase. BAE announced that the last of the original 72 Typhoons had been delivered to Saudi Arabia in June 2017.

RSAF Typhoons are playing a central role in the Saudi-led bombing campaign in Yemen. In February 2015, Saudi Typhoons attacked ISIS targets over Syria using Paveway IV bombs for the first time.

On 9 March 2018, a memorandum of intent for the additional 48 Typhoons was signed during Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's visit to the United Kingdom, however the deal has not been completed due to German arms sanctions implemented in November 2018 in response to the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.

Spanish Air and Space Force

The first Spanish production Eurofighter Tifón to fly was CE.16-01 (ST001) on 17 February 2003, flying from Getafe Air Base. The Spanish Air and Space Force assigned their Typhoons to QRA responsibilities in July 2008.

On 7 August 2018, a Spanish Air and Space Force Typhoon, on a training exercise near Otepää in Estonia, released an AMRAAM missile by mistake. There were no casualties, but the ten-day search operation for missile remains was unsuccessful and the status of the missile is unknown, whether it self-destructed in the air or landed unexploded and left a hazardous situation for the public. The pilot was disciplined for negligence, but received only the minimum penalty in the light of undisclosed mitigating circumstances.

Sales and marketing

Main article: Eurofighter Typhoon procurement

Germany

Germany placed an order for an additional 38 Tranche 4 Typhoons on 11 November 2020 under the Quadriga Agreement. The aircraft are due to replace Tranche 1 aircraft currently in service, with the first airframe being announced as in production in November 2022. Deliveries are due to take place from 2025.

In March 2022, the German government announced the decision to purchase Typhoon EK over the EA-18G Growler to replace the ageing Tornado ECR from 2030. On 30 November 2023, the Bundestag budget committee formally announced the plans to convert 15 Typhoons to Electronic Warfare standard.

On 5 June 2024, it was announced that an additional 20 Typhoons would be ordered on top of the 38 already on order.

Italy

On 23 December 2024, an order worth €7.5 billion was placed for 24 aircraft.

Spain

The Spanish Air and Space Force has a requirement for a further 45 Typhoons split across two contracts.

Halcon I was signed in June 2022 for the purchase of 20 aircraft will begin deliveries from 2026. The contract is for 16 single-seat and four twin-seat airframes, all at Tranche 4 standard. These aircraft are expected to replace the EF-18 Hornets of Ala 46, based at Gando Air Base on the Canary Islands.

Halcon II followed on 12 September 2023 for the acquirement of a further 25 Typhoons. These aircraft will replace the rest of the EF-18 Hornet fleet which is due to be decommissioned in 2030. The Spanish Government announced that these aircraft would be of Tranche 5 configuration.

Saudi Arabia

In October 2016, it was reported that BAE Systems was in talks with Saudi Arabia over an order for another 48 aircraft. On 9 March 2018, a memorandum of intent for the additional 48 Typhoons was signed during Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's visit to the United Kingdom.

In January 2024, the German government announced that it would no longer block the sale of 48 Typhoons to Saudi Arabia. As of February 2024, there has been no official confirmation that the sale will go ahead as other aircraft have been considered to strengthen the Royal Saudi Air Force's combat fleet.

Egypt

In January 2023, reports surfaced that Egypt would acquire 24 Typhoons as part of a wider $10–12 Billion arms package from Italy.

Turkey

Turkey has also expressed interest, amid US hesitance on delivering the latest block F-16s, and has started negotiations with the UK. Defense Minister Yaşar Güler has underscored Turkey's continued interest in acquiring Typhoons, asserting that they remain a compelling alternative, despite recent disagreements with Germany over the potential purchase. "If we can realize the issues we talked about with our friends, maybe we won't need it, but we do now. The Eurofighter is a very good alternative, and we want to buy it," Güler said in a televised interview with private broadcaster NTV on 11 December 2023. Turkey expects the United States to approve a proposed sale of new F-16 jets and modernization kits in return for Ankara finally green-lighting Sweden's admission into NATO. It was revealed in November that Turkey was in talks with the United Kingdom and Spain over procuring 40 Typhoons. Any sale would require Germany's approval, which is not forthcoming. President Erdoğan has been in Germany since the negotiations were revealed, but has not raised the issue with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz.

On 13 November 2024 the Turkish Defense Minister Yasar Güler confirmed the purchase of 40 Typhoons after Germany gave its consent.

Others

Other countries have expressed interest in the fighter, including Serbia, Bangladesh, Colombia, and Ukraine.

The following countries have formally eliminated the Typhoon from their respective fighter programs: Belgium, Denmark, Singapore, South Korea, Switzerland, and Finland.

Variants

Main article: Eurofighter Typhoon variants

The Eurofighter is produced in single-seat and twin-seat variants. The twin-seat variant is not used operationally, but only for training, though it is combat capable. The aircraft has been manufactured in three major standards; seven Development Aircraft (DA), seven production standard Instrumented Production Aircraft (IPA) for further system development, and a continuing number of Series Production Aircraft. The production aircraft are now operational with the partner nation's air forces.

The Tranche 1 aircraft were produced from 2000 onwards. Aircraft capabilities are being increased incrementally, with each software upgrade resulting in a different standard, known as blocks. With the introduction of the block 5 standard, the R2 retrofit programme began to bring all Tranche 1 aircraft to that standard.

Operators

Main article: Eurofighter Typhoon procurement

Summary

Operators	Eurofighter Typhoon Orders						Eurofighter Typhoon Deliveries						Losses	Retired	In service	Notes
	Tranche 1	Tranche 2	Tranche 3A	Tranche 4	Tranche 4+ / 5	Total	Tranche 1	Tranche 2	Tranche 3A	Tranche 4	Tranche 4+ / 5	Total
Austria	15	–	–	–	–	15	15	–	–	–	–	15	0	0	15
Germany	33	79	31	38	20	201	33 (0 / -2)	79 (-2 / -1)	31	0 +38	0 +20	143	-2	-3	138
Italy	28	47	21	24	–	120	28 (-27) (-1 / 0)	47 (-1 / 0)	21 (-1 / 0)	0 +24	–	96	-3	0	93
Kuwait	–	–	28	–	–	28	–	–	13 (+15)	–	–	15	0	0	15
Oman	–	–	12	–	–	12	–	–	12	–	–	12	0	0	12
Qatar	–	–	24	12	–	36	–	–	22 (+2)	0 +12	–	22	0	0	22
Saudi Arabia	0	48	24	–	–	72	–	48 (-1 / 0)	24	–	–	72	-1	0	71
Spain	19	34	20	45	–	118	19 (-2 / 0)	34 (-2 / 0)	20	0 +45	–	73	-4	0	69
United Kingdom	53	67	40	–	–	160	53 (-30) (-1 / -22)	67	40	–	–	160	-1	-22	137
TOTAL	148	275	200	119	20	762	148	275	183	0	0	608	-11	-25	572

To be delivered  To be retired  Losses / retired

Current operators

 Austria

• Austrian Air Force – 15 delivered and 3 more ordered as of October 2022.
  • Zeltweg Air Base
    • Überwachungsgeschwader

 Germany

• German Air Force – 143 ordered, and all delivered. As of 30 November 2023, 141 are in service. 38 Tranche 4 aircraft on order under Project Quadriga. 15 Aircraft to be upgraded to Typhoon EW (Electronic Warfare) standard.
  • Nörvenich Air Base
    • Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 "Boelcke", 311 & 312 Staffel at
  • Wittmundhafen Air Base
    • Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 "Richthofen", 711 Staffel
  • Laage Air Base
    • Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 "Steinhoff", 731 & 732 Staffel. (OCU formation)
  • Neuburg Air Base
    • Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74, 741 & 742 Staffel
  • Ingolstadt Manching Airport
    • Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61

 Italy

• Italian Air Force – 96 ordered with 96 delivered and 93 in operation as of August 2024. An additional 24 aircraft were ordered on 23 December 2024 for €7.5 billion.
  • Grosseto Air Base, 4º Stormo "Amedeo d'Aosta" (4th Wing)
    • 9° Gruppo Caccia (9th Fighter Squadron)
    • 20° Gruppo OCU Caccia (20th Fighter Operational Conversion Squadron)
  • Gioia del Colle Air Base, 36° Stormo "Riccardo Hellmuth Seidl" (36th Wing)
    • 10° Gruppo Caccia (10th Fighter Squadron)
    • 12° Gruppo Caccia (12th Fighter Squadron)
  • Trapani Air Base, 37° Stormo "Cesare Toschi" (37th Wing)
    • 18° Gruppo Caccia (18th Fighter Squadron)
  • Istrana Air Base, 51° Stormo "Ferruccio Serafini" (51st Wing)
    • 132° Gruppo Caccia (132nd Fighter Squadron)
  • Pratica di Mare Air Base, Reparto Sperimentale Volo

 Kuwait

• Kuwait Air Force – 28 ordered with 13 delivered as of 31 October 2023.
  • Ali Al Salem AB, Al Jahra District
    • 7 Squadron
    • 18 Squadron

 Oman

• Royal Air Force of Oman – 12 ordered in December 2012 with all delivered by June 2018.
  • RAFO Adam, Ad Dakhiliyah
    • No.8 Squadron

 Qatar

• Qatar Emiri Air Force – 24 ordered, 10 delivered as of March 2023.
  • Tamim Airbase, Dukhan
    • 7 Squadron
    • 12 Squadron
  • RAF Coningsby, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom (from July 2020)
    • No. 12 Squadron RAF, joint RAF/Qatar Emiri Air Force squadron

 Saudi Arabia

• Royal Saudi Air Force – 71 aircraft in operation as of June 2018 from 72 delivered.
  • King Fahad Air Base, Taif
    • No. 3 Squadron
    • No. 10 Squadron
    • No. 80 Squadron

 Spain

• Spanish Air and Space Force – 73 ordered, all of which have been delivered by October 2020 with 70 in operation as of October 2020. A further 45 Aircraft are on order as of 13 September 2023. On 20 December 2024, the Spanish government has signed a contract with Munich-based, Germany, NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency (NETMA) for the acquisition of additional 25 Eurofighter aircraft Known as the Halcon II programme.
  • Seville-Morón Air Base, Ala 11
    • 111 Escuadrón
    • 113 Escuadrón, OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation
  • Albacete-Los Llanos Air Base, Ala 14
    • 142 Escuadrón
  • Past Units
    • Armament and Experimentation Logistics Center

 United Kingdom

• Royal Air Force – 160 ordered, all of which had been delivered by September 2019. As of 21 August 2023, the RAF has 137 aircraft, with 102 in service.
  • RAF Coningsby, Lincolnshire, England
    • No. 3 (F) Squadron
    • No. XI (F) Squadron
    • No. 12 Squadron, joint RAF/Qatar Air Force squadron
    • No. 29 Squadron, OCU Tactical pilot training and evaluation
    • No. 41 Test and Evaluation Squadron
  • RAF Lossiemouth, Moray, Scotland
    • No. 1 (F) Squadron
    • No. II (AC) Squadron
    • No. 6 Squadron
    • No. IX (B) Squadron
  • RAF Mount Pleasant, East Falkland, Falkland Islands
    • No. 1435 Flight
  • Past Units
    • No. 17 (R) Test & Evaluation Squadron, Operational Evaluation Unit (Operated between 2003 and 2013)

Accidents

• On 21 November 2002, the Spanish twin-seat Typhoon prototype DA-6 crashed due to a double engine flameout caused by surges of the two engines at 45,000 ft. The two crew members escaped unhurt and the aircraft crashed in a military test range near Toledo, some 110 kilometres (68 mi) from its base at Getafe Air Base.
• On 23 April 2008, a RAF Typhoon FGR4 from 17 Squadron at RAF Coningsby (ZJ943), made a wheels–up landing at the US Navy's NAWS China Lake, in the United States. The aircraft was severely damaged however the pilot from 17 Squadron did not sustain any significant injury. It is thought the pilot may have forgotten to deploy the undercarriage or that for some reason he was not alerted to the undercarriage having not been deployed.
• On 24 August 2010, a Spanish twin-seat Typhoon crashed at Spain's Morón Air Base moments after take-off for a routine training flight. It was being piloted by a RSAF pilot, who was killed, and a Spanish Air Force Major, who ejected safely. In September 2010 the German Air Force grounded its 55 planes and the RAF temporarily grounded all Typhoon training flights amidst concerns that after ejecting successfully the pilot had fallen to his death. On 21 September, the RAF announced that the harness system had been sufficiently modified to enable routine flying from RAF Coningsby. The Austrian Air Force also said all its aircraft had been cleared for flight. On 24 August 2010, the ejection seat manufacturer Martin Baker commented: "... under certain conditions, the quick release fitting could be unlocked using the palm of the hand, rather than the thumb and fingers, and that this posed a risk of inadvertent release", adding that a modification had been rapidly developed and approved "to eliminate this risk" and was being fitted to all Typhoon seats.
• On 9 June 2014, the Spanish Air Force announced that a Typhoon had crashed at Spain's Morón Air Base on landing after a routine training flight. The sole pilot, Captain Fernando Lluna Carrascosa of the Spanish Air Force, who had over 600 Eurofighter flying hours, died in the crash.
• On 23 June 2014, a Typhoon of the German Air Force suffered a mid-air collision with a Learjet 35A, which crashed near Olsberg, Germany. The severely damaged Eurofighter made a safe landing at Nörvenich Air Base, while the Learjet crashed with the two onboard killed.
• On 1 September 2017, a RAF Typhoon overran the runway on landing at Pardubice Airport, Czech Republic, after diverting for bad weather.
• On 14 September 2017, a RSAF aircraft crashed on a combat mission in Yemen's Abhyan province, killing its pilot. According to the Saudi Government, the aircraft crashed due to technical reasons.
• On 24 September 2017, an Italian Air Force aircraft crashed during an airshow in Terracina, Lazio, Italy. The pilot did not eject and died in the accident. The Italian Air Force said the jet completed a loop but then failed to get enough lift as it approached sea level and hit the water just a few hundred metres offshore.
• On 12 October 2017, a Spanish Air Force Typhoon crashed near its base at Los Llanos Albacete, Spain, when returning from the military parade for the Spanish National Day. The pilot was killed.
• On 24 June 2019, two German Air Force aircraft collided mid-air during an exercise in the region of Müritz in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in northern Germany. Both aircraft were lost while the pilots ejected. The two planes were based at Laage, home to the "Steinhoff" Tactical Air Force Wing 73. Neither plane was carrying weapons. One of the pilots died.
• On 14 December 2022, an Italian Air Force Typhoon of 37° Stormo crashed during the landing sequence into Trapani-Birgi Air Base in Sicily. The aircraft had been conducting a training mission with another Typhoon which landed safely. The pilot was killed during the crash.
• On 24 July 2024, an Italian Air Force Typhoon crashed during a military training exercise in the Douglas Daly region of the Northern Territory, in outback Australia, during Exercise Pitch Black. The pilot ejected safely and was taken to Royal Darwin Hospital by helicopter.

Aircraft on display

Germany

• 98+29 EF2000 Prototype DA-1 on display at the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim, Munich.

Italy

• MMX603 EF2000 Prototype DA-7 on display at Cameri Air Base, Cameri.

United Kingdom

• ZH588 EF2000 Prototype DA-2 on display at the Royal Air Force Museum London, Hendon, England.
• ZH590 EF2000(T) Prototype DA-4 was on display at the Imperial War Museum Duxford, Cambridge, England, in Hangar 3: Air and Sea, and was due to be transferred to the Newark Air Museum in 2020. It now resides at RAF Cosford, however, after the MOD made the decision to use it as an Instructional Airframe.

Specifications

Data from RAF Typhoon data, Air Forces Monthly, Superfighters, and Brassey's Modern Fighters

General characteristics

• Crew: 1 or 2
• Length: 15.96 m (52 ft 4 in)
• Wingspan: 10.95 m (35 ft 11 in)
• Height: 5.28 m (17 ft 4 in)
• Wing area: 51.2 m (551 sq ft)
• Empty weight: 11,000 kg (24,251 lb)
• Gross weight: 16,000 kg (35,274 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 23,500 kg (51,809 lb)
• Fuel capacity: 4,996 kg (11,010 lb) / 6,215 L (1,642 US gal; 1,367 imp gal) internal
• Powerplant: 2 × Eurojet EJ200 afterburning turbofan engines, 60 kN (13,500 lbf) thrust each  dry, 90 kN (20,200 lbf) with afterburner

Performance

• Maximum speed: 2,500 km/h (1,600 mph, 1,300 kn) at 11 km altitude — or Mach 2.35
  • 1,530 km/h (950 mph; 830 kn) at sea level — or Mach 1.25
  • Supercruise: Mach 1.5
• Range: 2,900 km (1,800 mi, 1,600 nmi)
• Combat range: 1,389 km (863 mi, 750 nmi) ground attack, hi-lo-hi
  • 601 km (325 nmi; 373 mi) ground attack, lo-lo-lo
• Ferry range: 3,790 km (2,350 mi, 2,050 nmi) with 3 × drop tanks
• Endurance: 3 hours combat air patrol (air defence) at 185 km (100 nmi; 115 mi)
  • 10 minutes air-defence loiter at 1,389 km (750 nmi; 863 mi)
• Service ceiling: 16,764 m (55,000 ft)
• Max flight altitude: 20 km (65,000 ft)
• g limits: +9 / -3
• Rate of climb: 315 m/s (62,000 ft/min)
• Wing loading: 312 kg/m (64 lb/sq ft)
• Thrust/weight: 1.15 (interceptor configuration)
  
• Brakes-off to Take-off acceleration: <8 s
• Brakes-off to supersonic acceleration: <30 s
• Brakes-off to Mach 1.6 at 11,000 m (36,000 ft): <150 s

Armament

• Guns: 1 × 27 mm Mauser BK-27 revolver cannon with 150 rounds
• Hardpoints: Total of 13: 8 × under-wing; and 5 × under-fuselage pylon stations; holding in excess of 9,000 kg (19,800 lb) of payload
  Typical multi-role configuration for a Tranche 2-P1E would be 4 × AMRAAM, 2×ASRAAM/IRIS-T, 4 × EGBU-16/Paveway-IV, 2 × 1000-litre supersonic fuel tanks and a targeting pod.
• Missiles:
  • Air-to-air missiles:
    • AIM-120 AMRAAM
    • MBDA Meteor
    • IRIS-T
    • AIM-132 ASRAAM
    • AIM-9 Sidewinder
  • Air-to-surface missiles:
    • Storm Shadow/Scalp EG
    • Brimstone
    • AGM-88 HARM
    • Taurus KEPD 350
    • SPEAR 3 (in progress)
  • Anti-ship missiles:
    • Marte ER (up to 6 Marte ER anti-ship missiles at 6 hardpoints)
    • Joint Strike Missile (planned)
• Bombs:
  
  • Paveway II/III/Enhanced Paveway series of laser-guided bombs (LGBs)
  • 500-lb Paveway IV
  • Small Diameter Bomb (planned for P2E)
  • Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), work started in 2018
  • HOPE/HOSBO, in the future
  • Spice 250
• Others:
  • Up to 3 × drop tanks for ferry flight or extended range/loitering time
  • Conformal fuel tanks on Tranche 3 or later

Avionics

• Euroradar CAPTOR:
  • Captor-M: Solid-state, mechanically scanned array radar
  • European Common Radar System (ECRS) Mk0: Active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar developed by the original 4 Eurofighter consortium members. Commonly referred to as the Captor-E. Fitted to Qatari and Kuwaiti Eurofighters.
  • ECRS Mk1: Upgraded Mk0, manufactured by Hendsoldt and Airbus. To be fitted to existing German and Spanish Eurofighters.
  • ECRS Mk2: New (AESA) radar with additional electronic warfare capabilities. Manufactured in Edinburgh by Leonardo UK. To be fitted to existing Tranche 3 UK Eurofighters.
• Passive Infra-Red Airborne Tracking Equipment (PIRATE)
• Praetorian DASS
• Damocles (targeting pod)
• LITENING III laser targeting pod (LITENING 5 in RAF testing)
• Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod

See also

• Timeline of the Eurofighter Typhoon
• Fourth-generation jet fighter

Related development

• British Aerospace EAP

Related lists

• List of active United Kingdom military aircraft
• List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force
• List of military aircraft of Germany
• List of active Italian military aircraft
• List of megaprojects, Aerospace

References

Notes

1. The P.106A was a single-engine version of the original P.96.
2. Air superiority configuration.

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• Harkins, Hugh. Eurofighter 2000, Europe's Fighter for the New Millennium (Aerofax 6). Earl Shilton, UK: Midland Publishing, 2006, First edition 1997. ISBN 1-85780-068-0.
• Matthews, Henry. Prelude to Eurofighter: EAP (Experimental Aircraft Programme) (X-Planes Profile-1). Beirut, Lebanon: HPM (Henry Paul Matthews) Publications, 2000.
• Richardson, Doug. Stealth Warplanes: Deception, Evasion and Concealment in the Air. London: Salamander, 2001. ISBN 0-7603-1051-3.
• Spick, Mike. "Eurofighter EF 2000 Typhoon". Brassey's Modern Fighters: The Ultimate Guide to In-Flight Tactics, Technology, Weapons, and Equipment. Washington, DC: Potomac Books Inc, 2002. ISBN 1-57488-462-X.
• Spick, Mike. "Eurofighter Typhoon". The Great Book of Modern Warplanes. St. Paul, Minnesota USA: MBI Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN 0-7603-0893-4.
• Williams, Mel, ed. "Dassault Rafale". Superfighters, The Next Generation of Combat Aircraft. London: AIRtime, 2002. ISBN 1-880588-53-6.

External links

• Official website

v t e Airbus aircraft
Civilian	Airliners A320 family A318 A319 neo A320 neo A321 neo Other types A220 A300 A310 A330 neo A340 A350 A380 NSR Corporate ACJ220 ACJ318 ACJ319 neo ACJ320 neo ACJ321 LR ACJ330 neo ACJ340 ACJ350 ACJ380 Freighters A300-600F A330F A350F A380F (cancelled) Beluga BelugaXL Helicopters BK 117 EC120/H120 EC130/H130 EC135/H135 EC145/H145 EC155/H155 H160/X4 EC175/H175 EC225/H225 AS332/H215 AS350/H125 AS355 AS365 X6 Experimental CityAirbus E-Fan E-Fan X MAVERIC THOR X
Military	Transports A310 MRT CC-150 A320MA A330 MRTT CC-330 A400M C-212 C-295 CN-235 HC-144 Tankers A310 MRTT CC-150T A330 MRTT CC-330 KC-45 (cancelled) Maritime patrol A319 MPA Fighters NGS (proposed) Tornado (Panavia joint venture) Typhoon (Eurofighter joint venture) Trainers Mako/HEAT (cancelled) Helicopters AAS-72 AS532/H215M AS550/H125M AS555 AS565 AS565 UC EC635/H135M EC645/H145M H160M EC665 EC725/H225M H-65 H-72 H-145 NH90 UAVs Barracuda VSR700 Wingman

v t e Aeritalia, Alenia Aeronautica and Alenia Aermacchi aircraft
Aeritalia designs	F-104S G.91 G.91Y G.222
Alenia Aermacchi designs	C-27J M-311/M-345 M-346
UAVs	Sky-X Sky-Y
Joint ventures	AM.3 AMX ATR 42 ATR 52 ATR 72 Tornado Typhoon

v t e British Aerospace and BAE Systems aircraft
Combat aircraft	Harrier Harrier II Hawk 200 Jaguar Sea Harrier Tornado Tornado ADV Typhoon Global Combat Air Programme
Patrol and surveillance	Nimrod MR1 / MR2 Nimrod R1 Nimrod AEW3 Nimrod MRA4
Trainers	Hawk Goshawk
Airliners/transports	ATP BAe 125 BAe 146 Concorde (Operational history/histories/aircraft on display) Jetstream 31/32 Jetstream 41 Jetstream 61 One-Eleven
Drones (UAVs)	Ampersand Corax Demon GA22 HERTI Mantis Phoenix Silver Fox Skylynx II
Combat drones (UCAVs)	Fury Taranis
Development/concept aircraft	ATSF EAP P.125 P.1216 P.1233-1 Replica Tempest

v t e Italian Armed Forces aircraft designation system, 2009–present
1–100	Q-1 G-2 H-3D/H-3F G-4 Q-7 AV-8 Q-9 Q-10 A-11 TA-11 Q-11 Q-12 F-16 G-17 G-21 Q-24 Q-25 Q-26 C-27 Q-27 F-35 C-42/P-42 H-47 C-50 P-72 H-90
101–200	H-101 G-103 H-109 H-129 C-130 H-139 U-166 H-169 C-180 A-200
201–400	H-205 H-206 U-208 H-212 C-222 C-228 H-249 T-260 C-319 T-339 T-345 T-346
401–2006	H-412 H-500 E-550 KC-707 KC-767A KC-767B C-900 P-1150 F-2000 T-2006

v t e Spanish Armed Forces fighter designations
Caza (C) Fighter	1945–53 C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5 C.6 C.7 C.8 C.9 C.10 C.11 C.12 C.13 C.14 C.15 1953–present C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5 C.6 (I) C.6 (II) C.7 C.8 C.9 C.10 C.11 C.12 C.13 C.14 C.15 C.16
Not assigned

v t e Military aircraft manufactured in Britain since the Second World War
Fighters	de Havilland Hornet de Havilland Vampire de Havilland Venom English Electric Lightning Eurofighter Typhoon Gloster Javelin Gloster Meteor Hawker Hunter Panavia Tornado ADV Supermarine Swift
Naval fighters	BAE Sea Harrier de Havilland Sea Hornet de Havilland Sea Vampire de Havilland Sea Venom de Havilland Sea Vixen Hawker Sea Fury Hawker Sea Hawk Supermarine Attacker Supermarine Scimitar
Strike / ground attack	BAC Strikemaster BAE Harrier II Blackburn Buccaneer Bristol Brigand Eurofighter Typhoon Hawker Hunter Hawker Siddeley Harrier Panavia Tornado IDS SEPECAT Jaguar Westland Wyvern (naval)
Bombers	Avro Lincoln Avro Vulcan English Electric Canberra Handley Page Victor Vickers Valiant
Maritime patrol / anti-submarine	Avro Shackleton Fairey Firefly Fairey Gannet Hawker Siddeley Nimrod
Trainers	Avro Anson Avro Athena BAC Jet Provost BAE Hawk Boulton Paul Balliol de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk Folland Gnat Handley Page Jetstream British Aerospace Jetstream Percival Provost Percival Prince/Sea Prince Short Tucano Vickers Varsity
Prototype and experimental	Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52 Avro 707 BAC TSR-2 BAe EAP Blackburn Firecrest Boulton Paul P.111 Boulton Paul P.120 Bristol 188 Cierva Air Horse Fairey Delta 1 Fairey Delta 2 Fairey Ultra-light Helicopter Folland Midge Handley Page HP.88 Handley Page HP.115 Hawker P.1052 Hawker P.1072 Hawker Siddeley P.1127 Heston JC.6 Hunting H.126 Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig Saro P.531 Saunders-Roe SR.A/1 Saunders-Roe SR.53 Short Seamew Short SB.3 Short SB.5 Short SC.1 Short Sperrin Slingsby T.53 Supermarine 508 Supermarine 545 Supermarine Seagull Youngman-Baynes High Lift
Transport	Armstrong Whitworth Argosy Auster AOP.6 Auster AOP.9 Beagle Basset Blackburn Beverley Handley Page Hastings Hawker Siddeley Andover Percival Pembroke Scottish Aviation Pioneer Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer Short Belfast Vickers Valetta
Helicopters	AgustaWestland Apache AgustaWestland Merlin Bristol Belvedere Bristol Sycamore Saro Skeeter Westland Commando Westland Dragonfly Westland Gazelle Westland Lynx Westland Scout Westland Sea King Westland Wasp Westland Wessex Westland Whirlwind
Gliders	EoN Eton Slingsby Cadet Slingsby Grasshopper Slingsby Prefect Slingsby Sedbergh

Categories:

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• Eurofighter aircraft
• Delta-wing aircraft
• Canard aircraft
• Relaxed-stability aircraft
• Twinjets
• 1990s international fighter aircraft
• Aircraft first flown in 1994
• Fourth-generation jet fighters
• Low-wing aircraft
• Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear