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{{Short description|Japanese media franchise}}
{{About|the anime series|the mecha themselves|Mobile weapons}}
{{About|the Japanese mecha media franchise|the mecha themselves|Gundam (fictional robot)|the first ''Gundam'' TV series|Mobile Suit Gundam}}
{{Merge from|Cultural impact of Gundam|discuss=Talk:Cultural_impact_of_Gundam#Merger_proposal|date=August 2013}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=August 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox media franchise
|image = Gundam serpentine.svg
|caption =
|title = Gundam
|creator = ]<br>]
|origin = '']''
|owner = ] (directly and through ])
| years = 1979–present
|films = ]
|tv = ]
|plays =
|musicals =
|games = '']''
|rpgs =
|vgs = ]
|books =
|novels = ]
|comics = ]
|magazines =
|strips =
|radio =
|soundtracks =
|music =
|toys = Gunpla (plastic ])<br>The Robot Spirits<br>S. H. Figuarts
|otherlabel1 = Genre
|otherdata1 = ]<br>]<br>]
|otherlabel2 =
|otherdata2 =
|otherlabel3 =
|otherdata3 =
}}


{{Nihongo|'''''Gundam'''''|ガンダムシリーズ|Gandamu Shirīzu|lead=yes|{{lit.}} ''Gundam Series''}} is a Japanese ] ]. Created by ] and Sunrise (now ]), the franchise features giant robots, or ], with the name "Gundam". The franchise began on April 7, 1979, with '']'', a ] that defined the "]" ] genre by featuring giant robots called ]s (including the ]) in a militaristic setting. The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a franchise that includes 50 ], ]s and ]s as well as ], ]s and ]s, along with a whole industry of ] known as ] which makes up 90 percent of the ]ese character plastic-model market.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Linder|first=Courtney|date=July 21, 2020|title=Watch Engineers Take Their 60-Foot-Tall Gundam for a Walk|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/robots/a33381411/japan-giant-gundam-robot/|access-date=February 9, 2021|website=Popular Mechanics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gundam Releases First-Ever English Guide to Gunpla|url=https://comicbook.com/anime/news/gundam-gunpla-first-ever-english-guide-buy/|access-date=February 9, 2021|website=Anime|language=en}}</ref><ref>, Japan Economics Department, Information section (日本経済情報課)</ref>
], by ].]]
The {{nihongo|'''Gundam Series'''|ガンダムシリーズ|Gandamu Shirīzu}} is a ] of ] ] created by ] studios that features giant robots (or "]") called "Mobile Suits" (MS); usually the protagonist's MS will carry the name '''Gundam'''.


Academics in ] have viewed the series as inspiration; in 2008, the virtual Gundam Academy was planned as the first academic institution based on an animated TV series.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Leo|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gundam-cartoon-academy-to-turn-science-fiction-into-reality-in-japan-zffmrwsvwgj|title=Gundam cartoon academy to turn science fiction into reality in Japan|newspaper=]|date=November 1, 2008|access-date=July 10, 2017}}</ref>
The metaseries started on April 7, 1979, as a serial TV show called '']''. That first TV series has since spawned a franchise that has come to include works released in numerous media. Titles have appeared in the form of multiple television series and ]s, movies, ], novels and video games, among other modes. The story from the original 1979 series has been considerably extended with sequels, prequels, side stories and alternate timelines. As a result, the title ''Gundam'' has become a collective term for the seven distinct but related timelines that can be pieced together from the stories that appear in the ''Gundam'' franchise. Generally speaking, the timelines do not intersect, but they do contain a few common elements such as the titular war machines called ''Gundam''. However, all ''Gundam'' timelines and worlds, long after their own anime series, do eventually intersect and combine in the series '']''.<ref>SD Gundam G-Generation Promotional Leaflet, second last page</ref><ref>Turn A Gundam "Moon's Wind", Gundam Ace, 2006</ref>


As of March 2020, the franchise is fully owned by ] through subsidiaries ] and Sunrise. The ''Gundam'' franchise had grossed over {{US$|5 billion|long=no}} in retail sales by 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114029721/the-expositor/|title=Unique toy line encourages creative play|newspaper=The Expositor|page=38|date=December 13, 2000|accessdate=December 3, 2022|via=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://biz.yahoo.com/bw/000613/ny_bandai_.html|title=Gundam Wing Phenomenon Grows With Addition of New Licensees as Television Ratings and Toy Line Sales Surge|website=]|publisher=]|date=June 13, 2000|access-date=January 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000821005011/http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/000613/ny_bandai_.html|archive-date=August 21, 2000|via=]|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gundam+Wing+Phenomenon+Grows+With+Addition+of+New+Licensees+as...-a062704291|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016114032/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gundam+Wing+Phenomenon+Grows+With+Addition+of+New+Licensees+as...-a062704291|title=Gundam Wing Phenomenon Grows With Addition of New Licensees as Television Ratings and Toy Line Sales Surge.|website=]|publisher=]|via=]|archive-date=October 16, 2012|date=June 13, 2000|access-date=August 10, 2019}}</ref> By 2022, the annual revenue of the ''Gundam'' franchise reached ]101.7 billion per year,<ref name="bandainamco.co.jp"></ref> ¥44.2 billion of which was retail sales of toys and hobby items.<ref name="bandainamco.co.jp"/>
The original timeline for the Gundam series was the ] (UC) series, which included ''Mobile Suit Gundam'' (1979) and '']'' (1985). Since the 1990s, alternative timelines have been produced and developed, including the ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] timelines.

As of January 21, 2008, the ''Gundam'' franchise is a 50 billion ] trademark.<ref>Otona no Gundam Perfect, 大人のガンダム完全版</ref> A year 2000 press release stated that retail sales of Gundam items had totaled $5 billion.<ref>, ], 2000-6-13</ref> In the 2008 ranking of average sales figures for anime copies sold in Japan (1970-2008 total sales figures averaged by episode), ''Gundam'' series were in four of the top five places: ''Mobile Suit Gundam'' ranked second, with '']'' third, '']'' fourth, and ''Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam'' fifth. Also, '']'' ranked 18th and '']'' ranked 20th.<ref>TV anime sales history total sales figure ranking averaged by episode, Latest version. ''TVアニメ歷代売上累計平均ランキング最新版TOP25''</ref> ]'s (Gundam Plastic model) holds 90% of the Japan character plastic model market.<ref>, Japan Economic Department, Information section (日本経済情報課)</ref>

Academics in Japan have also viewed the series as inspiration, with the ''International Gundam Society'' being the first academic institution based on an animated TV series.<ref name="timesonline.co.uk">{{dead link|date=March 2011}}</ref>


==Overview== ==Overview==

===Concept=== ===Concept===
] by ]]]''Mobile Suit Gundam'' was developed by animator ] and a changing group of Sunrise creators with the collective pseudonym of ]. The series was originally entitled ''Freedom Fighter Gunboy'' (or ''Gunboy'') for the robot's gun, with teen boys as the primary target demographic. Early production had a number of references to ]: the ] was originally "Freedom's Fortress", the Core Fighter was the "Freedom Wing" and the Gunperry was the "Freedom Cruiser". The Yatate team combined the English word "gun" with the last syllable of the word "freedom" to form the ] ''Gundom''. Tomino changed it to ''Gundam'', suggesting a unit wielding a gun powerful enough to hold back enemies like a hydroelectric ] holding back water.<ref>Gundam Archives, production notes</ref> In keeping with the concept, Gundams are usually depicted as prototypes or limited-production, with higher capabilities than mass-produced units, which are often referred to simply as ''mobile suits''.
''Mobile Suit Gundam'' was principally developed by renowned animator ], along with a changing group of Sunrise creators who went under the collective pseudonym of "]".


Most Gundams are large, bipedal, ] vehicles controlled from a ] by a human pilot. The cockpit is located in the ], while the ] serves as a camera to transmit images back to the cockpit. Most of the series' protagonists are ], genetically advanced humans adapted for space. Newtypes have ] that enable them to sense each other across space and to utilize special mobile suits.
During its conceptual phase, the series was titled ''Freedom Fighter Gunboy'', or simply ''Gunboy'' for the gun the robot was armed with, and the primary target demographic were ] (boys). In the early production stages, there were numerous references to the word "]": the ] was originally "Freedom's Fortress", the ] was the "Freedom Wing", and the ] was the "Freedom Cruiser". The Yatate team combined the English word "'''gun'''" with the last syllable of the word "free'''dom'''" to form the name '''''Gundom'''''. Tomino then changed it to the current title, suggesting that ''Gundam'' signified a powerful unit wielding a gun powerful enough to hold back enemies, like a hydroelectric ] holding back floods.<ref>Gundam Archives, production notes</ref>


The series itself has been described as a ].<ref name="Stuckmann2018">{{cite book|author=Chris Stuckmann|title=Anime Impact: The Movies and Shows that Changed the World of Japanese Animation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFxZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT42|date=May 15, 2018|publisher=Mango Media Inc.|isbn=978-1-63353-733-0|page=42}}</ref>
Most Gundams are large, bipedal vehicles controlled from ]s by a human pilot. The majority of these "]" have a cockpit in the "]" of the machine, with a camera built into the "]" to transmit images to the cockpit (with the exception of the head-mounted cockpits in ]) and are non-sentient machines, with the exceptions of the ] A.L.I.C.E. in the ] '']''<ref name="Gundam Sentinel">Gundam Sentinel</ref> and four mobile suits built with the EXAM System and sharing a ] human soul in '']''.<ref>Mobile Suit Gundam Side Story: The Blue Destiny</ref>


===Innovation=== ===Innovation===
''Mobile Suit Gundam'' is said to have pioneered the ] era of ].<ref name="Oppliger">{{cite web|url=http://www.animenation.net/blog/2007/10/12/ask-john-which-gundam-series-have-had-the-most-impact-on-anime/|title=Ask John: Which Gundam Series Have Had the Most Impact on Anime?|first=John|last=Oppliger|authorlink=AnimeNation#John Oppliger|date=2007-10-12|accessdate = 2009-07-28|publisher=]}}</ref> ''Mobile Suit Gundam'' reportedly pioneered the ] subgenre of ].<ref name="Oppliger">{{cite web|url=http://www.animenation.net/blog/2007/10/12/ask-john-which-gundam-series-have-had-the-most-impact-on-anime/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616111552/http://www.animenation.net/blog/2007/10/12/ask-john-which-gundam-series-have-had-the-most-impact-on-anime/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 16, 2009|title=Ask John: Which Gundam Series Have Had the Most Impact on Anime?|first=John|last=Oppliger|author-link=AnimeNation#John Oppliger|date=October 12, 2007|access-date=July 28, 2009|publisher=]}}</ref> In contrast to its ] cousins, ''Mobile Suit Gundam'' attempted realism in its robot design and weaponry by running out of energy and ammunition or malfunctioning. Its technology is derived from actual science (such as ] and the ] in space, and the use of ] as an energy source) or feasible technology requiring only a few fictional elements to function (such as ]).<ref>"Gundam Science, the High Frontier - G.K. O'neil's Space Colonization Plan, Gundam Century", '']'' special edition, Renewal Version</ref>


==={{anchor|Narrative}}Timelines===
Unlike its ] cousins, ''Gundam'' attempted a realism in the robot design and weaponry, by running out of energy and ammunition or breaking and malfunctioning. The technology is practical and is either derived from true science (such as ] in space and the ] as a living environment) or at least well-explained, feasible technology, requiring only a few fictional elements to function (such as ] as a means of energy production from helium-3).<ref>Gundam Science, The High Frontier - G.K. O'neil's Space colonization plan, Gundam Century, Out Magazine special edition, Renewal Version</ref>
Most of the ''Gundam'' animation (including the earliest series) is set in what is known as the Universal Century (UC) ], with later series set in alternate calendars or ]. Although many new ''Gundam'' stories are told in their parallel universe with independent timelines (giving them greater creative freedom), the original UC storyline continues to be popular, with new installments frequently produced ever since. It established the series, setting the standard for ] in anime; the original ''Gundam'' marked the maturing of the giant-robot genre. Nostalgia for the oldest ''Gundam'' shows (and its status as a pop-culture icon in Japan) is a factor in its continuing success.<ref> ''機動戦士ガンダムは、同じくバンダイグループの（株）サンライズが制作し、1979年4月～1980年1月にテレビシリーズ第１作が放映されて以来、テレビシリーズ8作品、劇場用映画9作品などが公開され、20年以上にわたり人気を保っています。米国をはじめ、ヨーロッパ、アジアでも作品が放映され、各地で高い人気を得ています。''</ref>


===Spinoffs===
The necessity of developing humanoid robots is also explained, albeit fictional. The fictional Minovsky particle pervasive in Universal Century is depicted as interfering with radar-guided long-distance cruise missiles, anti-aircraft guns, missiles, and all early warning systems, with weapons systems having to rely on human eyes. In Universal Century, the space-based Principality of ] rebels against Earth Federation, requiring a weapons system that could function in zero and normal gravity and be able to open and close air locks, plant demolition charges, and engage with enemy tanks and planes; with a robotic giant being an excellent choice. Once mobile suits have been developed by one side, the opposing force had to develop a similar system, just as British invention of tanks lead to the development of tanks in Germany, and eventually led to tank-to-tank battles.
'']'', a spinoff of ''Gundam'' which began during the mid-1980s, features ] designs and emphasizes comedy and adventure. '']'', '']'', and '']'' feature contemporary settings and use Gunpla as plot elements.


=={{anchor|Franchise}}Media==
===Narrative===
The narrative itself revolves around the mobile suits and their pilots fighting in a war, in which destruction and dehumanization are inherent, through multiple sides; each faction having their own ]es and ]s, all of which have their own unique motives, failings, and virtues. ''Gundam'' also features political battles and debates on various important philosophical issues and political ideals on the nature and meaning of war, the ideal of pacifism, and the continuing evolution - natural or engineered - of humanity and its consequences. These are often framed in the series as a debate between the protagonist and antagonist over the course of a duel, as they try to convince each other of the righteousness of their causes. Most of the stories are structured as "coming-of-age" dramas, where the main cast's personalities, points of view, allegiances, goals, and actions may or may not change dramatically as events unfold. This makes the plot seem more realistic than earlier super robot animated series where the hero and cast usually act in the same predictable manner, with little connection between the episodes. The best example of this is how the personalities of longtime rivals, ] and ], are influenced by their experiences in the ''Gundam'' saga.


===TV series, films, and video===
===Timelines and the definition of Gundam===
Except for ''Mobile Suit Gundam 00'', which follows the ], all ''Gundam'' series are set in a fictional era, with a new calendar adopted after a drastic event or chain of events and typically involve a major conflict involving Earth and space colonies (and in some cases the Moon and ] planets).{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} An exception is the ''Gundam Build'' timeline, which is set in an alternate present time where all other ''Gundam'' installments are fictional.
]
The majority of ''Gundam'', including the earliest series, occur in the ] (UC) calendar, with later series set in alternate calendars or ] mostly unrelated to the UC system that have begun to be connected in the canon with Correct Century. The creation of the separate timelines were originally stand alone works, that did not require prior knowledge of the Universal Century timeline to understand or appreciate the story's background. These different timelines define Gundam differently and portray different conflicts in entirely different settings and circumstances to other entries, including the definition of Gundam.


{| class="wikitable sortable"
As a ], Gundam functions with different designs and coloring (with most following ]'s ] design). Producer ] wrote in his notes on the production of ] that everyone seemed to have their own idea of Gundam and in the meeting, they were trying to find the asymptotic view for everyone in the meeting.<ref>''What<nowiki>'</nowiki>s "Sentinel", Masahiko Asano, Model Graphix Special Edition "Gundam Wars III" Gundam Sentinel ''The battle of "Real Gundam"'', ISBN 4-499-20530-1</ref> The variations in naming and identification impacts the definition of the term throughout its timelines. In the ] timeline, "Gundam" is the name of the ]'s first experimental general-purpose mobile suit and those based off its design. In this timeline, Gundam often stands for ''General-purpose Utility, Non Discontinuity Augmentation Maneuvering weapon system''.<ref name="Gundam Sentinel"/><ref>Gundam Officials</ref> In the ] timeline, the word "Gundam" refers to a space colony's entry in the "Gundam Fight", a competition that determines which colony would rule the Earth for the next 4 years. In the ] timeline, the word "Gundam" refers to most mobile suits constructed out of a special alloy called "]". The ] timeline identifies refers to both mobile suits built from lunar titanium alloy and After War era that were based on Gundams. In the Cosmic Era works, Gundams are mobile suits that carry a specific type of ], whose acronym always spells "GUNDAM". In the ] timeline of '']'', the term ''Gundam'' is the generic designation of a line of unique and highly effective ]. In the ] of '']'', the Gundam was a legendary mobile suit developed by ancestors of main character Flit Asuno. When he inherits the AGE Device from his mother, which contains plans of a mobile suit that resembles a painting of the Gundam he saw, he decides to name the new mobile suit (and its following models) after it. In the ] timeline, the name "Gundam" is given to the ] mobile suit by a specific character, who was originally an ace pilot, but was placed under ]. The color scheme of the Turn A reminds the character of the Gundam mobile suits from previous eras.

:''See also the Japanese article for '' Gundam Type /{{lang|ja|]}} for details.

==Franchise==

=== Animated series and films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:98%;"
|- |-
! style="width:25%;"| Name ! scope="col" | Name
! style="width:18%;"| Media ! scope="col" | Media
! scope="col" | Release date
! style="width:17%;"| Year(s)
! style="width:5%;"| MSG Date ! scope="col" | Timeline and year
|- |-
|'']'' || TV series<br/>Compilation movies || 1979-1980<br/>1981-1982 || U.C. 0079-80 | rowspan="2" | '']''
| TV series: 43 episodes
| 1979&ndash;1980
| rowspan="2" | Universal Century (UC) 0079
|- |-
| Compilation movies: 3
|'']'' || TV series<br/>Compilation movies || 1985-1986<br/>2005-2006 || U.C. 0087-88
| 1981&ndash;1982
|- |-
|'']'' || TV series || 1986–1987 || U.C. 0088-89 | rowspan="2" | '']''
| TV series: 50 episodes
| 1985&ndash;1986
| rowspan="2" | Universal Century (UC) 0087
|- |-
| Compilation movies: 3
|'']'' || Movie || 1988 || U.C. 0093
| 2005&ndash;2006
|- |-
|'']'' || ] || 1989 || U.C. 0079-80 | rowspan="2" | '']''
| TV series: 47 episodes
| 1986&ndash;1987
| rowspan="2" | Universal Century (UC) 0088
|- |-
| ]: 2 episodes
|'']'' || Movie<br/>OVA<br/>TV series|| 1988–1989, 1991, 1993<br/>1988, 1990<br/>1993 || Unknown
| 2009
|- |-
|'']'' || OVA<br/>Compilation movie || 1991-1992<br/>1992 || U.C. 0083 | '']''
| Movie
| 1988
| Universal Century (UC) 0093
|- |-
|'']'' || Movie || 1991 || U.C. 0123 | rowspan="3" | '']''
| Movies: 5
| 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993
| rowspan="3" |
|- |-
| OVA: 9 episodes
|'']'' || TV series || 1993-1994 || U.C. 0153
| 1989&ndash;1991
|- |-
| Compilation TV series: 8 episodes
|'']'' || TV series || 1994–1995 || F.C. 60
| 1993
|- |-
|'']'' || TV series<br/>Compilation OVA || 1995-1996<br/>1996 || A.C.195 | '']''
| OVA: 6 episodes
| 1989
| Universal Century (UC) 0079&ndash;80
|- |-
|'']'' || OVA<br/>Compilation movie || 1996<br/>1998 || U.C. 0079 | '']''
| Movie
| 1991
| Universal Century (UC) 0123
|- |-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
|'']'' || TV series || 1996 || A.W. 0015
| OVA: 13 episodes
| 1991&ndash;1992
| rowspan="2" | Universal Century (UC) 0083
|- |-
|'']'' || OVA<br/>Compilation movie || 1997<br/>1998 || A.C.196 | Compilation movie
| 1992
|- |-
| '']''
|'']'' || TV series<br/>Compilation movies || 1999-2000<br/>2002 || C.C. 2345
| TV series: 51 episodes
| 1993&ndash;1994
| Universal Century (UC) 0153
|- |-
| '']''
|'']'' || Specialty format movie || 2001 || U.C. 0087
| TV series: 49 episodes
| 1994&ndash;1995
| Future Century (FC) 60
|- |-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
|'']'' || Animated shorts || 2001–2005 || various
| TV series: 49 episodes
| 1995&ndash;1996
| rowspan="2" | After Colony (AC) 195
|- |-
|'']'' || TV series<br/>Compilation specials || 2002-2003<br/>2004 || C.E.71 | Compilation specials: 4 episodes
| 1996
|- |-
| rowspan="3" | '']''
|'']'' || TV series || 2003–2004 || Neotopia
| OVA: 12 episodes
| 1996&ndash;1999
| rowspan="3" | Universal Century (UC) 0079
|- |-
| Compilation movie
|'']'' || Movies || 2004 || U.C. 0079
| 1998
|- |-
| Special
|'']'' || TV series<br/>Compilation specials || 2004-2005<br/>2006-2007 || C.E.73
| 2013
|- |-
| '']''
|'']'' || OVA || 2006 || U.C. 0079
| TV series: 39 episodes
| 1996
| After War (AW) 15
|- |-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
|'']'' || ] || 2006 || C.E.73
| OVA: 3 episodes
| 1997
| rowspan="2" | After Colony (AC) 196
|- |-
| Compilation movie
|'']'' || TV series<br/>Compilation specials || 2007-2009<br/>2009 || 2307-2312 AD
| 1998
|- |-
| ''Gundam: Mission to the Rise''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-09-26/gundam-40th-anniversary-promotional-anime-teased-for-this-winter/.151602|title=Gundam 40th Anniversary Promotional Anime Teased for This Winter |work=]|date=September 26, 2019|access-date=September 6, 2021}}</ref>
|'']'' || OVA || 2009 || U.C. 0079
| Short film
| 1998
|
|- |-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
|'']'' || OVA || 2010-2014 (In Production) || U.C. 0096
| TV series: 50 episodes
| 1999&ndash;2000
| rowspan="2" | Correct Century (CC) 2343&ndash;45
|- |-
| Compilation movies: 2
|'']'' || Movie<br/>TV series || 2010 || Mirisha
| 2002
|- |-
| '']''
|'']'' || Movie || 2010 || 2314 AD
| Live-action TV movie
| 2000
| Universal Century (UC) 0223
|- |-
| ''Gundam Neo Experience 0087: Green Diver''<ref>{{Cite web |title=E-field |url=http://www.e-field.gr.jp/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512182900/http://www.e-field.gr.jp/index.html |archive-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref>
|'']'' || OVA || 2010 || 2010 AD
| Specialty format movie
| 2001
| Universal Century (UC) 0087
|- |-
| '']''
|'']''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-06-09/level-5-to-help-create-gundam-age-anime-this-fall |title=Level 5 to Help Create Gundam AGE Anime This Fall (Updated) - News |publisher=Anime News Network |date=2011-06-09 |accessdate=2012-02-17}}</ref> || TV Series<br/>OVA || 2011-2012 || A.G. 115,140-142,164,201
| OVA: 15 episodes
| 2001&ndash;2007
|
|- |-
| rowspan="3" | '']''
|'']'' || TV series || 2013 || ???? AD
| TV series: 50 episodes
| 2002&ndash;2003
| rowspan="3" | Cosmic Era (CE) 71
|- |-
| Epilogue OVA short
|'']''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-06-22/gundam-the-origin-manga-to-launch-anime-project |title=Gundam The Origin Manga to Launch Anime Project - News |publisher=Anime News Network |date=2011-06-22 |accessdate=2012-02-17}}</ref> || TBA || TBA || U.C. 0079
| 2004
|- |-
| Compilation specials: 3 episodes
|'']'' || Movie || TBA || C.E.
| 2004
|-
| '']''
| TV series: 52 episodes
| 2003&ndash;2004
|
|-
| '']''
| Promo OVA shorts: 2 episodes
| 2004
| Cosmic Era (CE) 71
|-
| '']''
| OVA: 3 episodes
| 2004
| Universal Century (UC) 0079
|-
| rowspan="3" | '']''
| TV series: 50 episodes
| 2004&ndash;2005
| rowspan="3" | Cosmic Era (CE) 73&ndash;74
|-
| TV special
| 2005
|-
| Compilation specials: 4 episodes
| 2006
|-
| '']''
| OVA: 3 episodes
| 2006
| Universal Century (UC) 0079
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| ]: 3 episodes
| 2006
| rowspan="2" | Cosmic Era (CE) 73
|-
| Compilation OVA: 1
| 2006
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| TV series: 50 episodes
| 2007&ndash;2009
| rowspan="2" | ] (AD) 2307&ndash;08, 2312
|-
| Compilation OVA: 3 episodes
| 2009
|-
| '']''
| OVA: 3 episodes
| 2008
| Universal Century (UC) 0079
|-
| ''Mobile Suit Gundam Battlefield Record: Avant-Title''
| OVA
| 2009
| Universal Century (UC) 0079
|-
| ''Ring of Gundam''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-21 |title=Part of Yoshiyuki Tomino's 'Ring of Gundam' Previewed (Updated) |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-08-21/part-of-yoshiyuki-tomino-ring-of-gundam-previewed |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref>
| Short film
| 2009
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| OVA: 7 episodes, 1 special episode
| 2010&ndash;2014
| rowspan="2" | Universal Century (UC) 0096
|-
| Compilation TV series: 22 episodes
| 2016
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| Movie
| rowspan="2" | 2010
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| TV series: 51 episodes
|-
| '']''
| Movie
| 2010
| ] (AD) 2314
|-
| '']''
| Specials: 3 episodes
| 2010
| Our Century
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| TV series: 49 episodes
| 2011&ndash;2012
| rowspan="2" | Advanced Generation (AG) 115&ndash;164
|-
| Compilation OVA: 2 episodes
| 2013
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| TV series: 25 episodes
| 2013&ndash;2014
| rowspan="2" | Our Century
|-
| Specials: 3 episodes
| 2014
|-
| '']''
| TV series: 13 episodes
| 2014
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| TV series: 26 episodes
| 2014&ndash;2015
| rowspan="2" | Regild Century (RG) 1014
|-
| Compilation movies: 5
| 2019&ndash;2022
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| TV series: 25 episodes
| 2014&ndash;2015
| rowspan="2" | Our Century
|-
| OVA
| 2016
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| OVA: 6 episodes
| 2015&ndash;2018
| rowspan="2" | Universal Century (UC) 0068, 0071, 0074, 0077, 0078, 0079
|-
| Compilation TV series: 13 episodes
| 2019
|-
| '']''
| TV series: 50 episodes
| 2015&ndash;2017
| Post Disaster (PD) 323, 325
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| ONA: 8 episodes
| 2015&ndash;2017
| rowspan="2" | Universal Century (UC) 0079
|-
| Compilation movies: 2
| 2016&ndash;2017
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| ONA: 6 episodes
| 2017
| rowspan="2" | Universal Century (UC) 0096
|-
| Compilation movie
| 2017
|-
| '']''
| ONA: 5 episodes
| 2017
| Our Century
|-
| '']''
| ONA
| 2017
| Our Century
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| Prologue ONA
| rowspan="2" | 2018
| rowspan="2" | Our Century
|-
| TV series: 25 episodes
|-
| '']''
| Movie
| 2018
| Universal Century (UC) 0097
|-
| '']''
| ONA: 10 episodes
| 2019&ndash;2021
|
|-
| '']''
| ONA: 26 episodes
| 2019&ndash;2020
| Our Century
|-
| '']''
| ONA
| 2020
| Our Century
|-
| ''Mobile Suit Gundam G40''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-21 |title='Mobile Suit Gundam' Releases 40th Anniversary "G40 Project" Special Movie |url=https://hypebeast.com/2020/1/mobile-suit-gundam-40th-anniversary-g40-project |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=Hypebeast}}</ref>
| ONA
| 2020
| Universal Century (UC) 0079
|-
| ''Gundam Build Real''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pineda|first1= Rafael Antonio|title=Live-Action Video Project 'Gundam Build Real' Debuts on March 29|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-03-18/live-action-video-project-gundam-build-real-debuts-on-march-29/.170752|website=Anime News Network|access-date=September 15, 2022|date=March 18, 2021}}</ref>
| Live-action net drama: 6 episodes
| 2021
| Our Century
|-
| '']''
| ONA: 24 episodes
| 2021
|
|-
| '']''
| Movies: 3
| 2021&ndash;TBA
| Universal Century (UC) 0105
|-
| ''Gundam Breaker Battlogue''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mateo|first1=Alex|title=Gundam Breaker Battlogue Anime Theme Song, October 19 Premiere|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-09-24/gundam-breaker-battlogue-anime-theme-song-october-19-premiere/.177770|website=Anime News Network|access-date=September 24, 2021|date=September 24, 2020}}</ref>
| ONA: 6 episodes
| 2021
| Our Century
|-
| '']''
| Movie
| 2022
| Universal Century (UC) 0079
|-
| rowspan="2" | '']''
| Prologue ONA
| 2022
| Ad Stella (AS) 101
|-
| TV series: 24 episodes
| 2022&ndash;2023
| Ad Stella (AS) 122
|-
| '']''
| ONA: 3 episodes
| 2023
| Our Century
|-
|'']''
|Movie
| 2024
|Cosmic Era (CE) 75
|-
| ''Mobile Suit Gundam: Silver Phantom''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-23 |title=Gundam: Silver Phantom Anime Reveals Trailer, October 3 Release |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2024-08-23/gundam-silver-phantom-anime-reveals-trailer-october-3-release/.214662 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Anime News Network |language=en}}</ref>
| VR movie
| 2024
| Universal Century (UC) 0096
|-
| '']''
| ONA: 6 episodes
| 2024
| Universal Century (UC) 0079
|-
|'']''
| TV series
| 2025
| Unknown
|-
|'']''
| TBA
| TBA
| Post Disaster (PD) 323
|-
|''Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Freedom Zero''
| TBA
| TBA
| Cosmic Era (CE)
|} |}


===Live-action film=== ===Live-action film===
At the 2018 ], ] and Sunrise announced a collaboration to develop a live-action ''Gundam'' film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thewrap.com/gundam-live-action-adaptation-movie-film/|title='Gundam' Film: Legendary Pictures to Make Live-Action Anime Adaptation|first=Jeremy|last=Fuster|work=The Wrap|date=July 5, 2018|access-date=July 5, 2018}}</ref> ] was brought in to write and serve as an executive producer for the film.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2019/03/brian-k-vaughan-gundam-live-action-movie-legendary-1202569112/|title=Brian K. Vaughan To Pen 'Gundam' Live-Action Adaptation For Legendary|first1=Amanda|last1=N'Duka|first2=Geoff|last2=Boucher|work=]|date=March 6, 2019|access-date=March 6, 2019}}</ref> In April 2021, it was reported that the project had landed at ] and that ] had been hired to direct.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://comicbook.com/anime/news/mobile-suit-gundam-live-action-movie-director-netflix/|title=Gundam Live-Action Movie Heads to Netflix with Director Jordan Vogt-Roberts|first=Megan|last=Peters|work=Comicbook.com|date=April 12, 2021|access-date=April 12, 2021}}</ref> In October 2024, it was announced that ] would be the new director and writer, and that Netflix is no longer involved.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://deadline.com/2024/10/gundam-movie-sweet-tooth-jim-mickle-1236163584/|title= 'Gundam' Movie At Legendary Taps 'Sweet Tooth' Showrunner Jim Mickle To Direct|date= October 31, 2024|access-date= October 31, 2024|first= Justin|last= Kroll|work= Deadline Hollywood}}</ref>
{{Main|G-Saviour}}
'''''G-Saviour''''' is a live-action television movie set in the ] timeline of the Gundam metaseries. Alongside of Mobile Suit Turn A Gundam, it was to be one of the 20th Anniversary "Big Bang" series. It was produced by the Canadian company Polestar Entertainment Group.<ref></ref> Until the release of Ring of Gundam, it was the final series in Universal Century chronology. It is unusual in that the word "Gundam" is never used in the movie, nor is the G-Saviour described as such.


===Manga and novels=== ===Manga and novels===
{{Main|List of Gundam manga and novels}} {{Main|List of Gundam manga and novels}}


The manga narration of the original series is published in English in North America by a variety of companies, such as ], ], and ], among others, and in ] by ]. Manga adaptations of the ''Gundam'' series have been published in English in North America by a number of companies, such as ], ] and ], and in ] by ].

===Series about Gundam modeling simulation battle===
These series are based on lead characters building their own ] and have them battle on a simulation arena.
* Plamo-kyo Shiro(1982–1986)
** A series mainly based on the models of the first Gundam series along with its Mobile Suit Variation series. It is the first series on Gundam models. Series features modification of existing models and creating new ones, like the '''PF-78-1 Perfect Gundam''', '''Red Warrior''', and '''Musha Gundam''', which were endorsed by Bandai and was later released as official models and figures, and also as units featured in various games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plamo.tripod.com/pm.html |title=Perfect Plamo-Kyoshiro |publisher=Plamo.tripod.com |date= |accessdate=2011-03-13}}</ref> The series started the idea for G Gundam of pilot's emotion reflecting the emotion of the unit.<ref>Continue(コンティニュー)magazine interview, vol. 40.</ref> Various series basing on the same plot model were published, including sequels like:
*** ''New Plamo-kyo Shiro''
*** ''Super Warrior Gundam yaro''
*** ''Plamo-kin Taro''
* Plamo-Wars(1994~1998)
* Gunpla Musashi


===Video games=== ===Video games===
{{Main|List of Gundam video games}} {{Main|List of Gundam video games}}
''Gundam'' has spawned over 80 video games for arcade, computer and console platforms, some with characters not found in other ''Gundam'' media. Some of the games, in turn, inspired spinoff novels and manga.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mobygames.com/browse/games/altjapan-co-ltd/list-games/|title=MobyGames: Game Browser|website=MobyGames|access-date=October 27, 2016|archive-date=February 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212085620/https://www.mobygames.com/browse/games/altjapan-co-ltd/list-games/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Following the popularity of ''Gundam'', various video games feature original characters previously not found in other media. Over 80 different Gundam games have been created for arcade, computer and console platforms. A video game series based on the popular ] video game resulted in the ] games. Some of the video games would go on to have spinoff novels and manga.


===Gundam model=== ==={{anchor|Gundam model}}Gunpla===
{{main|Gundam model}} {{Main|Gunpla}}
The creation, production and assembling of Gundam models are a major focus of the franchises enduring success that began in the 1980s. Hundreds of models, primarily plastic with a few resin, metal and other types of kits have been released ranging in quality from children's toy kits, hobbyist, and museum-grade models. Most models are of 1:35, 1:48, 1:60, 1:100, 1:144 scale. Special promotional models ranging of 1:6 or 1:12 are targeted to retailers and are not commercially available.


Primarily made of plastic, but sometimes paired with resin and metal detail parts, hundreds of Gundam ]s, aka Gunpla, have been released. They range in quality from toolless-build children's toy kits (Entry Grades) to hobbyist and museum-grade models, and most are in common scales such as 1:35, 1:48, 1:60, 1:100 or 1:144 scale. Various Grades exist to target hobbyists, ranging from smaller sized kits such as High Grade and Real Grade, to larger Master Grade and finally Perfect Grade model kits. The Real Grade (RG) Gundam series combined the Master Grade's detailed inner structure with additional colour separation, making the 1:144-scale series complex in design and compact in size, with the final goal of retooling a Gundam to what they might would look like in real life, similar to the real-life Gundam Front Tokyo RX-78-02.
===Other Merchandise===
Bandai, the primary licensee of the ''Gundam'' trademark, makes a variety of products for the Gundam fan. Other companies produce unofficial toys, models, t-shirts, etc. Categories of products include the "Mobile Suit In Action" ("MSiA") action figures, and ] in several scales and design complexity. Generally, each series listed above will have its own set of products, although the MSiA and models lines, such as ] and ], may extend across series. The most popular line of action figure in recent year; however, is the "Gundam Fix" series. This line of figures include the mecha shown in the animated series/manga/novels, but also included new accessories to create a more updated version. In addition to Master Grade and High Grade Gundams, ] released yet another series of ] in 2010 for the 30th anniversary of Gundam.<ref>{{cite web|last=Suzuki|first=Toshiyuki|title=RX-78-2 Gundam (RG) (Gundam Model Kits)|url=http://www.1999.co.jp/eng/10115841|publisher=Hobby Search Co., Ltd.|accessdate=12 August 2013}}</ref> The release of the real grade Gundam series let to an evolutionary way to building Gundam kits; real grade Gundam series combined the detailed inner structures of master grade versions and added an additional colour separation making the tiny 1/144 scaled real grade series complex in design and compact in size. After the introduction of the RG Gundam series, Bandai released the Metal Build series in March 2011 beginning with the 00 (double 0) Gundam. The Metal Build Gundam is more than an expensive action figure capable of multiple poses made available through the fixed joints, it's a game changer. Each Metal Build release features the best that Bandai has to offer in toy engineering, design, sculpt, posability, durability, and what many Gundam enthusiasts wish for, heavy on diecast content. <ref name="Gundam metal build">{{cite web|title=METAL BUILD FREEDOM GUNDAM|url=http://www.gundamplanet.com/metal-build-freedom-gundam.html|publisher=Gundamplanet.com|accessdate=12 August 2013}}</ref> Gundam model kits and action figures coexist with the Gundam animated series, Perfect grade Gundams and 1/64 series are also continuous products of Bandai's production line.


Promotional 1:6 or 1:12 scale models are supplied to retailers and are not commercially available. For ''Gundam''{{'s}} 30th anniversary, a full-size RX-78-2 Gundam model was constructed and displayed at Gundam Front Tokyo, in the Odaiba district;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://appetiteforjapan.com/2015/12/02/gundam-odaiba/|title=Diver City Tokyo: the ultimate Gundam experience|last=appetiteforjapan|date=December 2, 2015|website=Appetite For Japan|access-date=March 3, 2017}}</ref> it was taken down on March 5, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gundam.info/topic/17012|script-title=ja:「実物大ガンダム立像」5年の歴史に幕。そして新たなプロジェクトへ！|work=公式ガンダム情報ポータルサイト「GUNDAM.INFO」|access-date=April 12, 2017|language=ja}}</ref> A new statue of the Unicorn Gundam was erected at the same location, now renamed The Gundam Base Tokyo.
===Internet===
Bandai maintains a number of sites to promote various Gundam projects. Most prominent amongst these is "Gundam Perfect Web", the official Japanese site. Its English language counterpart is the US maintained "Gundam Official". For a brief trial period in 2005, the site hosted the "Gundam Official User Forum". On July 2, 2013 another "Gundam Official" site will be launched.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gundam.info teases a new Gundam anime production in the works|url=http://sgcafe.com/2013/06/gundam-info-teases-gundam-anime-production-works/|publisher=SG Cafe!|accessdate=14 June 2013}}</ref>{{update inline|date=September 2013}} These forums were based on the existing fan forum, "Gundam Watch", and made use of many of its staff. When the project was retired, Gundam Watch was reborn, before passing the torch onto "Gundam Evolution", which maintained many of the same traditions and staff.


===Other merchandise===
A number of series specific websites have been produced. These are often available for a limited time, usually to promote a ] release. Common content includes character and mecha listings, lists of related merchandise and pay-for-download content. "Special" pages are also frequent, often presenting downloadable wallpaper or a small game. The '']'' site, for example, offers a game where players take the role of the villain Commander Sazabi, attempting to blast his subordinate with his weapons. After completion, users are rewarded with a ] of the Ark fans featured frequently in the show's second half.
], ''Gundam''{{'s}} primary licensee, produces a variety of products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://na.gundam.info/index/white|title=GUNDAM.INFO {{!}} The official Gundam news and video portal|website=na.gundam.info|language=ja-JP|access-date=October 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026105446/http://na.gundam.info/index/white|archive-date=October 26, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other companies produce unofficial merchandise, such as toys, models and T-shirts. Products include Mobile Suit In Action (MSiA) action figures and Gundam model kits in several scales and design complexities. Each series generally has its own set of products, MSiA and model lines such as Master Grade and High Grade Universal Century may extend across series. The most popular action-figure line has been the Gundam Fix series, which includes the mecha in the animated series, manga and novels and accessories to create an updated version. In addition to Master Grade and High Grade Gundams, Bandai released a 30th-anniversary series of Gundam models in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last=Suzuki|first=Toshiyuki|title=RX-78-2 Gundam (RG) (Gundam Model Kits)|url=http://www.1999.co.jp/eng/10115841|publisher=Hobby Search Co., Ltd.|access-date=August 12, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927042523/http://www.1999.co.jp/eng/10115841|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the introduction of the RG Gunpla line, Bandai released the Metal Build series in March 2011 (beginning with the 00 Gundam).<ref name="Gundam metal build">{{cite web|title=METAL BUILD FREEDOM GUNDAM|url=http://www.gundamplanet.com/metal-build-freedom-gundam.html|publisher=Gundamplanet.com|access-date=August 12, 2013|archive-date=August 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802034225/http://www.gundamplanet.com/metal-build-freedom-gundam.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>


===Internet===
==As a cultural icon==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2023}}
{{main|Cultural impact of Gundam}}
Bandai maintains several websites to promote ''Gundam'' projects; Gundam Perfect Web is the official Japanese site. Its English-language counterpart is the US-maintained Gundam Official. In 2005, the website hosted the Gundam Official User Forum. The forum was based on the existing fan forum, Gundam Watch, using many of its staff. When the project was retired, Gundam Watch was reborn and became Gundam Evolution.
Gundam is a popular cultural icon of Japan; it is a 50 billion yen business of Bandai Namco (projected 50 billion yen income of the company and reached a highest number of 54.5 billion yen in 2006).<ref>Nekkei BP mook, Otona no Gundamu Perfect (Gundam for Adult's Perfect), Business & History+Character+Mechanic, Nekkei Entertainment, ISBN 978-4-8222-6317-1</ref> Not only were stamps published, an employee of the Agriculture Ministry was reprimanded for contribution to Japanese Misplaced Pages Gundam related pages,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7029685.stm|title=Japanese workers in Misplaced Pages row|publisher=]|date=October 5, 2007|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref> the Japanese Self Defense Forces code-named its developing advance personal combat system as Gundam and the Fire department used Gundam to promote the future of fire fighting developments. A tram station stood a monument of the original Gundam and used the main theme of the first Gundam anime as its departure melody and other businesses like Mitsubishi not only created a test-type simulator for concept cars with a version of Gundam cockpit, it also held recruitment seminars using "How to make a Gundam" as a demo of what their development process is and based their Lancer Evolution design on Gundam. Isuzu also used a Gundam to model the VX2. A conference as a preparation for the "International Gundam Society" (国際ガンダム学会) was held on the August 24 in Hiroshima, using Gundam as the main topic to discuss about the relationship of the science and technology in science fiction anime and the real world. The ''Gundam'' metaverse makes regular appearances in the '']'' series by ].


A number of series-specific websites have been created, often available for a limited time (usually to promote a ] release). Common content includes character and mecha listings, lists of related merchandise and pay-for-download content. Special pages are frequent, often presenting downloadable wallpaper or a small game. The '']'' website has a game in which players take the role of villain Commander Sazabi, attempting to blast his subordinate with weapons.
''Gundam'''s realistic scientific setting has gained a reputation in the field itself as well. On July 18, 2007, when ]'s Astronautics Department's Professor Dava Newman displayed a ], the suit was referenced as ''Mobile Suit Gundam's Normal Suit is now real'' by various news agencies.<ref>, 機動戦士ガンダムのノーマルスーツが現実に</ref><ref>Ming Pao, July 19, 2007</ref> On February 14, 2008, when ] proposed research into ]s, ''Technobahn'', a scientific journal in Japan, referred to the usage of nuclear thermal rocket engines on mobile suits in the ''Gundam'' universe.<ref> ガンダムにも搭載予定? NASAが研究開発中の熱核ロケットエンジン</ref>


=={{anchor|Global debut}}Global spread==
==See also==
Since 1980, ''Gundam'' has also appeared in the following countries and regions:
*]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Region
! Debut year
|-
| ]<br />] || 1980
|-
| ]<br />]<br />] || 1981
|-
| ]<br />]<br />]<br />] || 1982
|-
| ] || 1983
|-
| ] || 1987
|-
| ]<br />]<br />]<br />]|| 1994
|}


==Bibliography== ==Impact==
{{Main|Cultural impact of Gundam}}
<div class="references-small">
*{{cite episode |credits = Yoshiyuki Tomino |title = ] |began = 1979-04-07 |ended = 1980-01-26 |station = Nagoya Broadcasting Network |city = |network = Sunrise}}


''Gundam'' is a ] icon and a multi-billion-] annual business for ]. Annual revenue for the franchise reached ¥54.5 billion by 2006,<ref>Nekkei BP mook, Otona no Gundamu Perfect (Gundam for Adult's Perfect), Business & History+Character+Mechanic, Nekkei Entertainment, {{ISBN|978-4-8222-6317-1}}</ref> {{JPY|80.2 billion}} by 2014,<ref name="bandainamco.co.jp" /> and {{JPY|145.7 billion}} by 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 9, 2024 |title=Bandai Namco Holdings Inc. Financial Highlights for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2024 |url=https://www.bandainamco.co.jp/files/ir/financialstatements/pdf/en_20240509_Complement_2.pdf |access-date=October 19, 2024 |website=Bandai Namco Financial Statements / Presentation}}</ref> Stamps have been issued, an Agriculture Ministry employee was reprimanded for contributing to the ] ''Gundam''-related pages,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7029685.stm|title=Japanese workers in Misplaced Pages row |publisher=]|date=October 5, 2007|access-date=October 1, 2009}}</ref> and the ] has code-named its developing advanced personal-combat system Gundam. Based on a December 16, 2023 survey conducted by '']'', the fanbase of ''Gundam'' within Japan has an average age of 42 years, and a male-to-female ratio that skews 90:10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://xtrend.nikkei.com/atcl/contents/18/00960/00001/|title=今、本当に推されている「人」「作品」が分かる 最旬"推し"新潮流|date=February 2, 2024|author1=Ayase Hirashima|author2=Eri Hatano|website=]|language=ja|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222142208/https://xtrend.nikkei.com/atcl/contents/18/00960/00001/|archive-date=February 22, 2024}}</ref>
*{{cite episode |credits = Yoshiyuki Tomino |title = ] |began = 1985-03-02 |ended = 1986-02-22 |station = Nagoya Broadcasting Network |city = |network = Sunrise}}


The impact of ''Gundam'' in ] has been compared to the impact of '']'' in the ].<ref name="Stuckmann2018" />
*{{cite episode |credits = Yoshiyuki Tomino |title = ] |began = 1986-03-01 |ended = 1987-01-31 |station = Nagoya Broadcasting Network |city = |network = Sunrise}}

</div>
==See also==
*]
*'']''
*]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|2}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
{{wikiquote}} {{wikiquote}}
{{commons category}} {{commons category}}
* {{jp icon}} *
*{{anime News Network|anime|4189}}
* Official website for ''Gundam'' in North America
*{{dmoz|Arts/Animation/Anime/Titles/G/Gundam/|''Gundam''}}
*{{ann|anime|4189}}
* at the Mecha Anime Headquarters website' * at the Mecha Anime Headquarters website'
* {{jp icon}} * {{in lang|ja}}
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204044626/https://www.bandaivisual.co.jp/gundamdvd/ |date=December 4, 2016 }} {{in lang|ja}}
*


{{Gundam}} {{Gundam}}
{{Sunrise}}


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{{Link FA|fr}}

Latest revision as of 15:00, 6 December 2024

Japanese media franchise This article is about the Japanese mecha media franchise. For the mecha themselves, see Gundam (fictional robot). For the first Gundam TV series, see Mobile Suit Gundam.
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Gundam
Created byHajime Yatate
Yoshiyuki Tomino
Original workMobile Suit Gundam
OwnersBandai Namco Filmworks (directly and through Sotsu)
Years1979–present
Print publications
Novel(s)See list
ComicsSee list
Films and television
Film(s)See below
Television seriesSee below
Games
TraditionalGundam War Collectible Card Game
Video game(s)See list
Miscellaneous
Toy(s)Gunpla (plastic Gundam models)
The Robot Spirits
S. H. Figuarts
GenreScience fiction
Military science fiction
Real robot

Gundam (Japanese: ガンダムシリーズ, Hepburn: Gandamu Shirīzu, lit. Gundam Series) is a Japanese military science fiction media franchise. Created by Yoshiyuki Tomino and Sunrise (now Bandai Namco Filmworks), the franchise features giant robots, or mecha, with the name "Gundam". The franchise began on April 7, 1979, with Mobile Suit Gundam, a TV series that defined the "real robot" mecha anime genre by featuring giant robots called mobile suits (including the original titular mecha) in a militaristic setting. The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a franchise that includes 50 TV series, films and OVAs as well as manga, novels and video games, along with a whole industry of plastic model kits known as Gunpla which makes up 90 percent of the Japanese character plastic-model market.

Academics in Japan have viewed the series as inspiration; in 2008, the virtual Gundam Academy was planned as the first academic institution based on an animated TV series.

As of March 2020, the franchise is fully owned by Bandai Namco Holdings through subsidiaries Sotsu and Sunrise. The Gundam franchise had grossed over $5 billion in retail sales by 2000. By 2022, the annual revenue of the Gundam franchise reached ¥101.7 billion per year, ¥44.2 billion of which was retail sales of toys and hobby items.

Overview

Concept

RX-78-2 Gundam by Hajime Katoki

Mobile Suit Gundam was developed by animator Yoshiyuki Tomino and a changing group of Sunrise creators with the collective pseudonym of Hajime Yatate. The series was originally entitled Freedom Fighter Gunboy (or Gunboy) for the robot's gun, with teen boys as the primary target demographic. Early production had a number of references to freedom: the White Base was originally "Freedom's Fortress", the Core Fighter was the "Freedom Wing" and the Gunperry was the "Freedom Cruiser". The Yatate team combined the English word "gun" with the last syllable of the word "freedom" to form the portmanteau Gundom. Tomino changed it to Gundam, suggesting a unit wielding a gun powerful enough to hold back enemies like a hydroelectric dam holding back water. In keeping with the concept, Gundams are usually depicted as prototypes or limited-production, with higher capabilities than mass-produced units, which are often referred to simply as mobile suits.

Most Gundams are large, bipedal, humanoid vehicles controlled from a cockpit by a human pilot. The cockpit is located in the torso, while the head serves as a camera to transmit images back to the cockpit. Most of the series' protagonists are Newtypes, genetically advanced humans adapted for space. Newtypes have psychic abilities that enable them to sense each other across space and to utilize special mobile suits.

The series itself has been described as a space opera.

Innovation

Mobile Suit Gundam reportedly pioneered the real robot subgenre of mecha anime. In contrast to its super robot cousins, Mobile Suit Gundam attempted realism in its robot design and weaponry by running out of energy and ammunition or malfunctioning. Its technology is derived from actual science (such as Lagrange points and the O'Neill cylinder in space, and the use of helium-3 as an energy source) or feasible technology requiring only a few fictional elements to function (such as Minovsky Physics).

Timelines

Most of the Gundam animation (including the earliest series) is set in what is known as the Universal Century (UC) calendar era, with later series set in alternate calendars or timelines. Although many new Gundam stories are told in their parallel universe with independent timelines (giving them greater creative freedom), the original UC storyline continues to be popular, with new installments frequently produced ever since. It established the series, setting the standard for hard science fiction in anime; the original Gundam marked the maturing of the giant-robot genre. Nostalgia for the oldest Gundam shows (and its status as a pop-culture icon in Japan) is a factor in its continuing success.

Spinoffs

SD Gundam, a spinoff of Gundam which began during the mid-1980s, features super deformed designs and emphasizes comedy and adventure. Model Suit Gunpla Builders Beginning G, Gundam Build Fighters, and Gundam Build Divers feature contemporary settings and use Gunpla as plot elements.

Media

TV series, films, and video

Except for Mobile Suit Gundam 00, which follows the current calendar era, all Gundam series are set in a fictional era, with a new calendar adopted after a drastic event or chain of events and typically involve a major conflict involving Earth and space colonies (and in some cases the Moon and terraformed planets). An exception is the Gundam Build timeline, which is set in an alternate present time where all other Gundam installments are fictional.

Name Media Release date Timeline and year
Mobile Suit Gundam TV series: 43 episodes 1979–1980 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Compilation movies: 3 1981–1982
Mobile Suit Zeta Gundam TV series: 50 episodes 1985–1986 Universal Century (UC) 0087
Compilation movies: 3 2005–2006
Mobile Suit Gundam ZZ TV series: 47 episodes 1986–1987 Universal Century (UC) 0088
OVA: 2 episodes 2009
Mobile Suit Gundam: Char's Counterattack Movie 1988 Universal Century (UC) 0093
Mobile Suit SD Gundam Movies: 5 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993
OVA: 9 episodes 1989–1991
Compilation TV series: 8 episodes 1993
Mobile Suit Gundam 0080: War in the Pocket OVA: 6 episodes 1989 Universal Century (UC) 0079–80
Mobile Suit Gundam F91 Movie 1991 Universal Century (UC) 0123
Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory OVA: 13 episodes 1991–1992 Universal Century (UC) 0083
Compilation movie 1992
Mobile Suit Victory Gundam TV series: 51 episodes 1993–1994 Universal Century (UC) 0153
Mobile Fighter G Gundam TV series: 49 episodes 1994–1995 Future Century (FC) 60
Mobile Suit Gundam Wing TV series: 49 episodes 1995–1996 After Colony (AC) 195
Compilation specials: 4 episodes 1996
Mobile Suit Gundam: The 08th MS Team OVA: 12 episodes 1996–1999 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Compilation movie 1998
Special 2013
After War Gundam X TV series: 39 episodes 1996 After War (AW) 15
Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz OVA: 3 episodes 1997 After Colony (AC) 196
Compilation movie 1998
Gundam: Mission to the Rise Short film 1998
Turn A Gundam TV series: 50 episodes 1999–2000 Correct Century (CC) 2343–45
Compilation movies: 2 2002
G-Saviour Live-action TV movie 2000 Universal Century (UC) 0223
Gundam Neo Experience 0087: Green Diver Specialty format movie 2001 Universal Century (UC) 0087
Gundam Evolve OVA: 15 episodes 2001–2007
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED TV series: 50 episodes 2002–2003 Cosmic Era (CE) 71
Epilogue OVA short 2004
Compilation specials: 3 episodes 2004
Superior Defender Gundam Force TV series: 52 episodes 2003–2004
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED MSV Astray Promo OVA shorts: 2 episodes 2004 Cosmic Era (CE) 71
Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO: The Hidden One Year War OVA: 3 episodes 2004 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny TV series: 50 episodes 2004–2005 Cosmic Era (CE) 73–74
TV special 2005
Compilation specials: 4 episodes 2006
Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO: Apocalypse 0079 OVA: 3 episodes 2006 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED C.E. 73: Stargazer ONA: 3 episodes 2006 Cosmic Era (CE) 73
Compilation OVA: 1 2006
Mobile Suit Gundam 00 TV series: 50 episodes 2007–2009 Anno Domini (AD) 2307–08, 2312
Compilation OVA: 3 episodes 2009
Mobile Suit Gundam MS IGLOO 2: Gravity Front OVA: 3 episodes 2008 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam Battlefield Record: Avant-Title OVA 2009 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Ring of Gundam Short film 2009
Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn OVA: 7 episodes, 1 special episode 2010–2014 Universal Century (UC) 0096
Compilation TV series: 22 episodes 2016
SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors Movie 2010
TV series: 51 episodes
Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie: A Wakening of the Trailblazer Movie 2010 Anno Domini (AD) 2314
Model Suit Gunpla Builders Beginning G Specials: 3 episodes 2010 Our Century
Mobile Suit Gundam AGE TV series: 49 episodes 2011–2012 Advanced Generation (AG) 115–164
Compilation OVA: 2 episodes 2013
Gundam Build Fighters TV series: 25 episodes 2013–2014 Our Century
Specials: 3 episodes 2014
Mobile Suit Gundam-san TV series: 13 episodes 2014
Gundam Reconguista in G TV series: 26 episodes 2014–2015 Regild Century (RG) 1014
Compilation movies: 5 2019–2022
Gundam Build Fighters Try TV series: 25 episodes 2014–2015 Our Century
OVA 2016
Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin OVA: 6 episodes 2015–2018 Universal Century (UC) 0068, 0071, 0074, 0077, 0078, 0079
Compilation TV series: 13 episodes 2019
Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans TV series: 50 episodes 2015–2017 Post Disaster (PD) 323, 325
Mobile Suit Gundam Thunderbolt ONA: 8 episodes 2015–2017 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Compilation movies: 2 2016–2017
Mobile Suit Gundam: Twilight AXIS ONA: 6 episodes 2017 Universal Century (UC) 0096
Compilation movie 2017
Gundam Build Fighters Battlogue ONA: 5 episodes 2017 Our Century
Gundam Build Fighters: GM's Counterattack ONA 2017 Our Century
Gundam Build Divers Prologue ONA 2018 Our Century
TV series: 25 episodes
Mobile Suit Gundam Narrative Movie 2018 Universal Century (UC) 0097
SD Gundam World Sangoku Soketsuden ONA: 10 episodes 2019–2021
Gundam Build Divers Re:Rise ONA: 26 episodes 2019–2020 Our Century
Gundam Build Divers: Battlogue ONA 2020 Our Century
Mobile Suit Gundam G40 ONA 2020 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Gundam Build Real Live-action net drama: 6 episodes 2021 Our Century
SD Gundam World Heroes ONA: 24 episodes 2021
Mobile Suit Gundam Hathaway Movies: 3 2021–TBA Universal Century (UC) 0105
Gundam Breaker Battlogue ONA: 6 episodes 2021 Our Century
Mobile Suit Gundam: Cucuruz Doan's Island Movie 2022 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam: The Witch from Mercury Prologue ONA 2022 Ad Stella (AS) 101
TV series: 24 episodes 2022–2023 Ad Stella (AS) 122
Gundam Build Metaverse ONA: 3 episodes 2023 Our Century
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Freedom Movie 2024 Cosmic Era (CE) 75
Mobile Suit Gundam: Silver Phantom VR movie 2024 Universal Century (UC) 0096
Gundam: Requiem for Vengeance ONA: 6 episodes 2024 Universal Century (UC) 0079
Mobile Suit Gundam GQuuuuuuX TV series 2025 Unknown
Mobile Suit Gundam: Iron-Blooded Orphans: Urðr-Hunt TBA TBA Post Disaster (PD) 323
Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Freedom Zero TBA TBA Cosmic Era (CE)

Live-action film

At the 2018 Anime Expo, Legendary Pictures and Sunrise announced a collaboration to develop a live-action Gundam film. Brian K. Vaughan was brought in to write and serve as an executive producer for the film. In April 2021, it was reported that the project had landed at Netflix and that Jordan Vogt-Roberts had been hired to direct. In October 2024, it was announced that Jim Mickle would be the new director and writer, and that Netflix is no longer involved.

Manga and novels

Main article: List of Gundam manga and novels

Manga adaptations of the Gundam series have been published in English in North America by a number of companies, such as Viz Media, Del Rey Manga and Tokyopop, and in Singapore by Chuang Yi.

Video games

Main article: List of Gundam video games

Gundam has spawned over 80 video games for arcade, computer and console platforms, some with characters not found in other Gundam media. Some of the games, in turn, inspired spinoff novels and manga.

Gunpla

Main article: Gunpla

Primarily made of plastic, but sometimes paired with resin and metal detail parts, hundreds of Gundam scale plastic models, aka Gunpla, have been released. They range in quality from toolless-build children's toy kits (Entry Grades) to hobbyist and museum-grade models, and most are in common scales such as 1:35, 1:48, 1:60, 1:100 or 1:144 scale. Various Grades exist to target hobbyists, ranging from smaller sized kits such as High Grade and Real Grade, to larger Master Grade and finally Perfect Grade model kits. The Real Grade (RG) Gundam series combined the Master Grade's detailed inner structure with additional colour separation, making the 1:144-scale series complex in design and compact in size, with the final goal of retooling a Gundam to what they might would look like in real life, similar to the real-life Gundam Front Tokyo RX-78-02.

Promotional 1:6 or 1:12 scale models are supplied to retailers and are not commercially available. For Gundam's 30th anniversary, a full-size RX-78-2 Gundam model was constructed and displayed at Gundam Front Tokyo, in the Odaiba district; it was taken down on March 5, 2017. A new statue of the Unicorn Gundam was erected at the same location, now renamed The Gundam Base Tokyo.

Other merchandise

Bandai, Gundam's primary licensee, produces a variety of products. Other companies produce unofficial merchandise, such as toys, models and T-shirts. Products include Mobile Suit In Action (MSiA) action figures and Gundam model kits in several scales and design complexities. Each series generally has its own set of products, MSiA and model lines such as Master Grade and High Grade Universal Century may extend across series. The most popular action-figure line has been the Gundam Fix series, which includes the mecha in the animated series, manga and novels and accessories to create an updated version. In addition to Master Grade and High Grade Gundams, Bandai released a 30th-anniversary series of Gundam models in 2010. After the introduction of the RG Gunpla line, Bandai released the Metal Build series in March 2011 (beginning with the 00 Gundam).

Internet

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Bandai maintains several websites to promote Gundam projects; Gundam Perfect Web is the official Japanese site. Its English-language counterpart is the US-maintained Gundam Official. In 2005, the website hosted the Gundam Official User Forum. The forum was based on the existing fan forum, Gundam Watch, using many of its staff. When the project was retired, Gundam Watch was reborn and became Gundam Evolution.

A number of series-specific websites have been created, often available for a limited time (usually to promote a DVD release). Common content includes character and mecha listings, lists of related merchandise and pay-for-download content. Special pages are frequent, often presenting downloadable wallpaper or a small game. The Superior Defender Gundam Force website has a game in which players take the role of villain Commander Sazabi, attempting to blast his subordinate with weapons.

Global spread

Since 1980, Gundam has also appeared in the following countries and regions:

Region Debut year
Italy
Hong Kong		 1980
Taiwan
China
Thailand		 1981
Singapore
Malaysia
South Korea
Macau		 1982
Philippines 1983
Indonesia 1987
Americas
Europe
Australia
New Zealand		 1994

Impact

Main article: Cultural impact of Gundam

Gundam is a Japanese cultural icon and a multi-billion-Yen annual business for Bandai Namco. Annual revenue for the franchise reached ¥54.5 billion by 2006, ¥80.2 billion by 2014, and ¥145.7 billion by 2024. Stamps have been issued, an Agriculture Ministry employee was reprimanded for contributing to the Japanese Misplaced Pages Gundam-related pages, and the Japan Self-Defense Forces has code-named its developing advanced personal-combat system Gundam. Based on a December 16, 2023 survey conducted by Nikkei Entertainment, the fanbase of Gundam within Japan has an average age of 42 years, and a male-to-female ratio that skews 90:10.

The impact of Gundam in Japan has been compared to the impact of Star Wars in the United States.

See also

References

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  2. "Gundam Releases First-Ever English Guide to Gunpla". Anime. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
  3. Flow of the Japan toy industry (日本の玩具産業の動向), Japan Economics Department, Information section (日本経済情報課)
  4. Lewis, Leo (November 1, 2008). "Gundam cartoon academy to turn science fiction into reality in Japan". The Times. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  5. "Unique toy line encourages creative play". The Expositor. December 13, 2000. p. 38. Retrieved December 3, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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  17. "'Mobile Suit Gundam' Releases 40th Anniversary "G40 Project" Special Movie". Hypebeast. January 21, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
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