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{{Short description|Skyscraper in Mexico City, Mexico}}
{{Infobox building {{Infobox building
|name = Torre Mayor |name = Torre Mayor
|image = Torre Mayor Mexico City.jpg |image = Torre Mayor, México D.F., México, 2014-10-13, DD 11.JPG
|image_size = 200px |image_size = 200px
|caption = |caption =
|location = ], ] |location = ], ]
|coordinates = {{coord|19|25|27|N|99|10|32|W|region:MX-DIF|display=inline,title}}
|latd = 19| latm = 25| lats = 27| latNS = N
|longd = 99| longm = 10| longs = 32| longEW = W
|iso_region = MX-DIF
|coordinates_display= title
|status = |status =
|start_date = 1999 |start_date = 1999
|completion_date = 2003 |completion_date = 2003
|opening = |opening =
|building_type = Office |building_type = ]
|antenna_spire = {{convert|230.1|m|ft|abbr=on}} |antenna_spire = {{convert|230.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|roof = {{convert|225.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} |roof = {{convert|225.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}
Line 21: Line 19:
|cost = |cost =
|floor_area = {{convert|84,135|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} |floor_area = {{convert|84,135|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}
|architect = Adamson Associates Architects<br>Zeidler Roberts Partnership<br>IDEA Asociados de los Estados Unidos Méxicanos |architect = Adamson Associates Architects<br />Zeidler Roberts Partnership<br />IDEA Asociados de los Estados Unidos Méxicanos
|structural_engineer= WSP Group |structural_engineer= WSP Group
|main_contractor = A.D. Tec Gerencia de Construcción |main_contractor = A.D. Tec Gerencia de Construcción
|developer = Reichmann International<br>Empresas ICA Sociedad Controladora |developer = Reichmann International<br />Empresas ICA Sociedad Controladora
|owner = ] |owner = ]
|management = |management =
|references = <ref></ref> |references = <ref></ref>
<ref></ref> <ref></ref>
|website = {{URL|http://www.torremayor.com.mx/index.php/en/}}
}} }}


The '''Torre Mayor''' is a ] in ], ]. With a height of 225 metres (738 feet) to the top floor and 55 storeys, it is the tallest building in Mexico<ref>{{cite web| url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/create.php?search=yes&page=0&type_building=on&status_COM=on&list_continent=CA&list_country=MX| title=Custom list: tallest buildings of Mexico| work=The Skyscraper Center| publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat| accessdate=2012-04-04}}</ref> and was, until 2010, the tallest building in ], when it was surpassed by the 246-meter- (807-foot-) high ] in ]. Since then, multiple new ] have exceeded it in height and the ] in ] (]) (which is technically the tallest building in Latin America) has topped out at 300 meters (984 feet). In 2003 Torre Mayor surpassed by less than one meter the 225-meter- (738-foot-) high towers of the ] in ] (]). The Torre Mayor was developed by Canadian businessman ], who also maintains part ownership. It is also part-owned by a group of institutional investors. The building was designed by the architectural firms of Zeidler Partnership Architects and Executive Architects Adamson Associates Architects, both of Toronto. The '''Torre Mayor''' is an ] ] in ], ] that is the ] in Mexico with a height of 225 meters (738 feet).<ref></ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Custom list: tallest buildings of Mexico |url=https://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?searchID=101135548 |access-date=2012-04-04 |work=The Skyscraper Center |publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat}}</ref> From its completion in 2003 until 2010, it was the tallest building in ]; it was surpassed by the 236 m (774&nbsp;ft) high ] in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/building/ocean-two-panama-city-panama |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021082320/http://www.emporis.com/building/ocean-two-panama-city-panama |archive-date=2012-10-21 |title=Ocean Two {{!}} Buildings {{!}} EMPORIS}}</ref> The Torre Mayor was developed by Canadian businessman ], who also maintained part ownership until his death in 2013. It is also part-owned by a group of institutional investors. The building was designed by the architectural firms of ] and Executive Architects Adamson Associates Architects, both of ]. The ]s and designers were The Cantor Seinuk Group from ] in association with Enrique Martínez Romero S.A. in Mexico City.<ref>Engineering News-Record, 30 June 2003</ref>


Located at ], it was built by Canadian-owned Reichmann International on the former location of the Cine Chapultepec. Construction work began in 1999 and was finished in late 2003. Due to ]'s high propensity to ]s, the tower incorporates several anti-earthquake measures. With a height of 225 meters (740 feet) and 55 stories, the Torre Mayor is also one of the strongest buildings on Earth in terms earthquake resistance. The Torre Mayor building is designed to withstand earthquakes measuring 8.5 on the Richter Scale. In comparison, the U.S. Bank Tower can withstand an 8.3-intensity earthquake.<ref></ref> Located on ] in ], it was built by Canadian-owned Reichmann International on the former location of the Cine Chapultepec.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/2353 |title = Teatro Chapultepec in Mexico City, MX - Cinema Treasures}}</ref> Construction work began in 1999 and was finished in late 2003. Due to ]'s high propensity to ]s, the tower incorporates several anti-earthquake measures. Torre Mayor is one of the strongest buildings on Earth in terms of earthquake resistance, being designed to withstand earthquakes measuring 8.5 on the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://armstrongpumps.com/Torre_Mayor_Mexico_City_Mexico_en.asp |title=Armstrong Worldwide Achievements - Torre Mayor - Mexico City, Mexico |website=armstrongpumps.com |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118081606/http://armstrongpumps.com/Torre_Mayor_Mexico_City_Mexico_en.asp |archive-date=18 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Earthquake resistance== ==Earthquake resistance==
The Torre Mayor stands in the lakebed area where most of the ] damage occurred,<ref name="Post">{{cite journal The Torre Mayor stands in the lakebed area where most of the ] damage occurred.<ref name="Post">{{cite journal
|first= Nadine M. |first= Nadine M.
|last=Post |last=Post
Line 44: Line 43:
|volume=250 |volume=250
|issue=25 |issue=25
|issn= 08919526 |issn= 0891-9526
⚫ |pages=34–38 }}</ref> It was built with 96&nbsp;dampers, which work like car ]s to block the resonating effect of the lakebed and its own height.<ref name="Hardman">{{cite journal
|accessdate=2008-10-01
⚫ |unused_data= |pages=34–38 }}</ref> It was built with 96&nbsp;dampers, which work like car ]s to block the resonating effect of the lakebed and its own height.<ref name="Hardman">{{cite journal
|last= Hardman |last= Hardman
|first= Chris |first= Chris
|date=Jul/August 2004 |date=July–August 2004
|title=A Damper on Quakes |title=A Damper on Quakes
|periodical= Americas |periodical= Americas
Line 55: Line 53:
|issue= 4 |issue= 4
|pages=4 |pages=4
⚫ |issn=0379-0940 }}</ref> These diamond-shaped dampers are seen architecturally on its perimeter. With this extra bracing, this tower can withstand earthquake forces nearly four times as efficiently as a conventionally damped building. The dampening system proved its worth in January&nbsp;2003, as ] shook the city. Not only did the building survive undamaged, occupants inside at the time did not know a tremor had occurred.<ref name="Post"/>
|issn=03790940
⚫ |accessdate=2008-10-01 }}</ref> These diamond-shaped dampers are seen architecturally on its perimeter. With this extra bracing, this tower can withstand earthquake forces nearly four times as efficiently as a conventionally damped building. The dampening system proved its worth in January&nbsp;2003, as ] shook the city. Not only did the building survive undamaged, occupants inside at the time did not know a tremor had occurred.<ref name="Post"/>


==Description==
==Important details==
⚫ The tower has 30,000 m² of glass on the south facade with thermal and acoustic insulation, plus finished marble inside and granite in common areas and hallways. The architecture of the building is contemporary and international quality. It also has three electric power supplies in average voltage, and it is noteworthy that it is the only building in Latin America that feeds energy from three different points of the city.
*In 2003, Mexico City suffered an earthquake of 7.6 degrees on the Richter scale with its epicenter in the state of Colima. The Torre Mayor was not damaged in structure. On April 13 of 2007 endured an earthquake of 6.3 degrees on the Richter scale with its epicenter in the state of Guerrero, on April 27 of 2009 endured an earthquake of 5.7 on the Richter scale with its epicenter in the state of Guerrero, and May 22, 2009, at 14:24, an earthquake of 5.7 on the Richter scale with a duration of 40 seconds, with epicenter in Tehuacán, in the state of Puebla, and a tremor of 6.5 on the scale Richter, lasting 40 seconds, with epicenter in Zumpango del Rio, in the state of Guerrero, on 10 December 2011, on March 20, 2012 endured an earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale, and 2 April of the same year endured another 6.3 degrees.
⚫ It has 29 passenger elevators, which reach a top speed of 6.7&nbsp;m/s.
*An earthquake measuring 8.5 on the Richter Scale would cause an effect equivalent to 22 mile-per-hour winds.<ref>http://www.emporis.com/building/torremayor-mexicocity-mexico</ref>
⚫ It was built at an average of 4 floors per week, and no workers died during its construction, and thus has the record for being the only skyscraper in the world that has not had any major accidents or deaths during construction.
⚫ *The tower has 30,000 m² of glass on the south facade with thermal and acoustic insulation, plus finished marble inside and granite in common areas and hallways. The architecture of the building is contemporary and international quality. It also has three electric power supplies in average voltage, and it is noteworthy that it is the only building in Latin America that feeds energy from three different points of the city.
It received ] certification in 2013.<ref name="Torre Mayor_2020-09-04">{{Citation | url=http://www.torremayor.com.mx/index.php/en/leed| title=LEED| newspaper=Torre Mayor| access-date=4 September 2020}}</ref> It uses solar energy.
⚫ *It has 29 lifts (elevators) of passengers they reach a maximum advance of 6.7&nbsp;m/s.
*It is occupied by more than 8,000 people.
*It was built at an average of 4 plants per week, and no workers died during its construction.
⚫ *Has record for being the world's only skyscraper in the world that has not had any major accidents or deaths during construction.
*It has the heliport safest and highest on the continent.
*It is in the process to received LEED certification ( Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design ) from the U.S. Green Building Council with Gold level with 62 points. Expected by the end of May.
*The building has received awards from the IMEI, ADI, AISC, Civil Engineering Research Foundation, CERF and Popular Science Magazine.


==Intelligent building== ==Intelligent building==
] ]
The High Tower elevators have a seismic detector that detects any movement of earth and therefore automatically stops the elevator nearest to allow passengers to get off. Has not yet installed a seismic alarm. The Torre Mayor is administered by the Building Management System (BMS), an intelligent system that controls all facilities and equipment harmoniously and efficiently to protect human life from tenants. In this system are integrated systems: electrical, hidrosanitario, elevators and fire protection and has the ability to control the lighting of the building. It is considered an intelligent building, because the light system is controlled by a system called B3, like that of many other buildings in Mexico City. The floors underground injection machines have fans and fresh air exchange to prevent excessive concentration of pollutants produced by the combustion, connected to intelligent building system. It was the first building in Mexico that meet the mandatory standard for energy efficiency of nonresidential buildings (NOM-008). It has an automatic water saver, and this system is one of the first in Mexico and is considered a green building. It also features automatic elevators, which means it's a smart building and is always on the floors of more influx. The building has an automatic air handler in each level to fill. Torre Mayor's elevators have a seismic detector that detects any movement of earth and therefore automatically stops the elevator nearest to allow passengers to get off. The Torre Mayor is administered by the Building Management System (BMS), an intelligent system that controls all facilities and equipment harmoniously and efficiently to protect human life from danger. The integrated system has the ability to control elevators, fire protection and lighting in the building. The floors' underground injection machines have fans and fresh air exchange to prevent excessive concentration of pollutants entering the building. It was the first building in Mexico that met the now-mandatory standard for energy efficiency of nonresidential buildings (NOM-008) and it has an automatic water saver, which is one of the first to be used in Mexico City.


===Systems=== ==See also==
*]

The Torre Mayor has the following systems:
*System generation and distribution of energy saving ice water
*System variable air volume (air units and preparations of high-speed pipeline at every level of office)
*General health extraction system in each office level
*System automatic air ventilation in parking
*Mechanical extraction system garbage room
*Air conditioning system automatic mini-split type for control room, administration, sales and boardroom


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
*{{structurae|id=s0024887|title=Torre Mayor}} *{{Structurae|id=20024887|title=Torre Mayor}}
*http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=372 *{{Official|http://www.torremayor.com.mx/}}
* *{{usurped|1=}} on Emporis

*
{{Paseo de la Reforma}}
*
{{Skyscrapers in Mexico}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Mexico|Architecture}}


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Latest revision as of 13:22, 7 October 2024

Skyscraper in Mexico City, Mexico
Torre Mayor
General information
TypeOffice
LocationPaseo de la Reforma, Mexico City
Coordinates19°25′27″N 99°10′32″W / 19.42417°N 99.17556°W / 19.42417; -99.17556
Construction started1999
Completed2003
OwnerGeorge Soros
Height
Antenna spire230.1 m (755 ft)
Roof225.4 m (740 ft)
Technical details
Floor count55
Floor area84,135 m (905,620 sq ft)
Lifts/elevators29
Design and construction
Architect(s)Adamson Associates Architects
Zeidler Roberts Partnership
IDEA Asociados de los Estados Unidos Méxicanos
DeveloperReichmann International
Empresas ICA Sociedad Controladora
Structural engineerWSP Group
Main contractorA.D. Tec Gerencia de Construcción
Website
www.torremayor.com.mx/index.php/en/
References

The Torre Mayor is an office skyscraper in Mexico City, Mexico that is the eighth tallest building in Mexico with a height of 225 meters (738 feet). From its completion in 2003 until 2010, it was the tallest building in Latin America; it was surpassed by the 236 m (774 ft) high Ocean Two in Panama City, Panama. The Torre Mayor was developed by Canadian businessman Paul Reichmann, who also maintained part ownership until his death in 2013. It is also part-owned by a group of institutional investors. The building was designed by the architectural firms of Zeidler Partnership Architects and Executive Architects Adamson Associates Architects, both of Toronto. The structural engineers and designers were The Cantor Seinuk Group from New York City in association with Enrique Martínez Romero S.A. in Mexico City.

Located on Paseo de la Reforma in Cuauhtémoc, it was built by Canadian-owned Reichmann International on the former location of the Cine Chapultepec. Construction work began in 1999 and was finished in late 2003. Due to Mexico City's high propensity to earthquakes, the tower incorporates several anti-earthquake measures. Torre Mayor is one of the strongest buildings on Earth in terms of earthquake resistance, being designed to withstand earthquakes measuring 8.5 on the Richter Scale.

Earthquake resistance

The Torre Mayor stands in the lakebed area where most of the 1985 earthquake damage occurred. It was built with 96 dampers, which work like car shock absorbers to block the resonating effect of the lakebed and its own height. These diamond-shaped dampers are seen architecturally on its perimeter. With this extra bracing, this tower can withstand earthquake forces nearly four times as efficiently as a conventionally damped building. The dampening system proved its worth in January 2003, as a 7.6 earthquake shook the city. Not only did the building survive undamaged, occupants inside at the time did not know a tremor had occurred.

Description

The tower has 30,000 m² of glass on the south facade with thermal and acoustic insulation, plus finished marble inside and granite in common areas and hallways. The architecture of the building is contemporary and international quality. It also has three electric power supplies in average voltage, and it is noteworthy that it is the only building in Latin America that feeds energy from three different points of the city. It has 29 passenger elevators, which reach a top speed of 6.7 m/s. It was built at an average of 4 floors per week, and no workers died during its construction, and thus has the record for being the only skyscraper in the world that has not had any major accidents or deaths during construction. It received LEED certification in 2013. It uses solar energy.

Intelligent building

Front entrance

Torre Mayor's elevators have a seismic detector that detects any movement of earth and therefore automatically stops the elevator nearest to allow passengers to get off. The Torre Mayor is administered by the Building Management System (BMS), an intelligent system that controls all facilities and equipment harmoniously and efficiently to protect human life from danger. The integrated system has the ability to control elevators, fire protection and lighting in the building. The floors' underground injection machines have fans and fresh air exchange to prevent excessive concentration of pollutants entering the building. It was the first building in Mexico that met the now-mandatory standard for energy efficiency of nonresidential buildings (NOM-008) and it has an automatic water saver, which is one of the first to be used in Mexico City.

See also

References

  1. Torre Mayor - The Skyscraper Center
  2. Torre Mayor - SkyscraperPage.com
  3. Torre Mayor
  4. "Custom list: tallest buildings of Mexico". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
  5. "Ocean Two | Buildings | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2012-10-21.
  6. Engineering News-Record, 30 June 2003
  7. "Teatro Chapultepec in Mexico City, MX - Cinema Treasures".
  8. "Armstrong Worldwide Achievements - Torre Mayor - Mexico City, Mexico". armstrongpumps.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  9. ^ Post, Nadine M. (2003-06-30). "Latin America's Tallest Sports Super-Efficient Damper-Studded Diamonds". Engineering News Record. 250 (25): 34–38. ISSN 0891-9526.
  10. Hardman, Chris (July–August 2004). "A Damper on Quakes". Americas. 56 (4): 4. ISSN 0379-0940.
  11. "LEED", Torre Mayor, retrieved 4 September 2020

External links

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 Ciudad de Mexico skyline in 2013.
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