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{{Short description|Art or science of measuring time}}
'''Horology''' (from {{lang-el|]}} ''hṓr''|''a'' "hour; time" + -o- ] + suffix ''-logy'';<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=-logy&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |date= |accessdate=2013-04-12}}</ref> lit. the study of time) is the art or science of measuring ]. ], ], ], ]s, ], ]s, ]s, ]s, and ]s are all examples of ]s used to measure ]. In current usage, horology refers mainly to the study of mechanical time-keeping devices, while ] more broadly includes electronic devices that have largely supplanted mechanical clocks for the most accurate time-keeping.


{{R from merge}}
People interested in horology are called ''horologists''. That term is used both by people who deal professionally with timekeeping apparatus (watchmakers, clockmakers), as well as ] and scholars of horology. Horology and horologists have numerous organizations, both professional associations and more scholarly societies.
{{R to synonym}}


]
== Horological museums and libraries ==
]
], ], Mexico]]
Horology has a long history{{chronology citation needed|date=November 2011}} and there are many ] and several specialized libraries devoted to the subject. An example is the ], which is also the source of the ] (] 0° 0' 0"), and the home of the first marine timekeepers accurate enough to determine longitude (made by ]). Other horological museums in the London area include the ], and the horological collections at the ], the ] and at the ].

One of the more comprehensive museums dedicated to horology is the ] in ] (Switzerland). The ] is a bit smaller but located nearby. One of the better horological museums in Germany is the ]. The two leading specialised horological museums in North America are the ] in ], and the ] in ].

An example of a museum devoted to one particular type of clock is the ], in the U. K., which hosts the world's largest collection of antique ].

One of the most comprehensive horological libraries open to the public is the ] in ] (USA). Other good horological libraries providing public access are at the ] in Switzerland, at the ] in Germany, and at the ] in London.

Another museum dedicated to clocks is the ] in ].

== Horological organizations ==
''The leading scholarly horological organizations are:''
* '']'' - AWG
* '']'' - AWCI (United States of America)
* '']'' - AHS (United Kingdom)
* '']<ref>{{cite web|author=B.Pourchet |url=http://www.afaha.com/ |title=afaha.com |publisher=afaha.com |date=1981-09-21 |accessdate=2013-04-12}}</ref> - AFAHA (France)
* '']'' - BHI (United Kingdom)
* '']'' (Switzerland)
* '']'' - DGC (Germany)
* '']''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hora.it/ |title=hora.it |language={{it icon}} |publisher=hora.it |date= |accessdate=2013-04-12}}</ref> (Italy)
* '']'' - NAWCC (United States of America)

== World Exhibitions ==
* ]
* Geneva Time Exhibition <ref> - official website</ref>
* Salon International de la Haute Horlogerie (SIHH) <ref> - official website</ref>

==List of horological terms==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Term !! Explanation
|-
! Chablon
| French term for a ] (not including the dial and hands), of which all or part of the components are not assembled.
|-
! Ébauche
| French term (but commonly used in English-speaking countries) for a movement blank, i.e. an incomplete watch movement which is sold as a set of loose parts, comprising the main plate, the bridges, the train, the winding and setting mechanism and the regulator. The timing system, the escapement and the mainspring, however, are not parts of the "ébauche"
|-
! Établissage
| French term for the method of manufacturing watches and/or movements by assembling their various components. It generally includes the following operations: receipt, inspection and stocking of the "ébauche", the regulating elements and the other parts of the movement and of the make-up; assembling; springing and timing; fitting the dial and hands; casing; final inspection before packing and dispatching.
|-
! Établisseur
| French term for a watch factory which is engaged only in assembling watches, without itself producing the components, which it buys from specialist suppliers.
|-
! Factory, works
| In the Swiss watch industry, the term manufacture is used of a factory in which watches are manufactured almost completely, as distinct from an "atelier de terminage", which is concerned only with assembling, timing, fitting the hands and casing.
|-
! Manufacture d'horlogerie
| French term for a watch factory which itself produces the components (particularly the "ébauche") needed for the manufacture of its products (watches, alarm and desk clocks, etc.).
|-
! Terminage
| French term denoting the process of assembling watch parts for the account of a producer.
|-
! Termineur
| French term for an independent watchmaker (or workshop) engaged in assembling watches, either wholly or in part, for the account of an "établisseur" or a "manufacture", who supply the necessary loose parts. See "atelier de terminage" above.
|}

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* ], , 1903, from ]
* Berner, G.A., , ] FH 1961 - 2012
* Daniels, George, , London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 1981 (reprinted June 15, 2011)
* Grafton, Edward, , London: Aylett and Jones, 1849
* Perman, Stacy, , Atria Books (Simon & Schuster), February 2013. ISBN 9781439190081

==External links==
{{Wiktionary|horology}}
{{commonscat}}
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{{Time Topics}}
{{Time measurement and standards}}

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