Rus' (region): Difference between revisions

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	'''Rus'''' (] {{lang\|orv\|]}} "land of the Rusĭ (])") is an ethno-cultural region in ] inhabited by ]. Historically, it comprises the northern part of ], the north-western part of ], ] and some neighbouring parts of ], the ], ] and ].

	The name comes from ] {{lang\|orv\|Русь (''Rus<nowiki>'</nowiki>'')}}, and remains the same in modern ]. In Greek it is called {{lang\|el\|Ρως (''Ros'')}} or {{lang\|el\|Ρωσία (''Rosia'')}}, in Armenian {{lang\|hy\|Ռուսաստան (''Rrusastan'')}}, and in Latin {{lang\|la\|''Ruthenia''}} or {{lang\|la\|''Russia''}}. For more about the etymology, see ].

	==Name==
	{{main\|Rus (name)}}

	==History==
	{{main\|Rus Khaganate\|Kievan Rus\|Novgorod Republic\|Vladimir-Suzdal\|Kingdom of Rus\|Tsardom of Russia}}
	Kievan Rus' was at its cultural and political height in the 10th and 11th century and later disintegrated into many small principalities. The most powerful successor states{{Citation needed\|date=September 2013}} were ], ] and ].<!--Question of use of 'successor states' has already been tackled on other Rus' related pages: not deemed to be an accurate use of the term as is understood legally or historically.-->

	The ] devastated the north-eastern parts in 1237–1238 and the south western parts of Rus' in 1239–1240. From this date on, the fate of the Rus' lands began to diverge: The north-eastern parts stayed under the rule of Mongols and the ] for two more centuries, while the western parts, together with Kiev, joined the pagan Balts (Samogitians, today known as "Lithuanians") to form a strong resistance to the Tartars to the East and to the Teutonic Order to the West.

	Thus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was born. Eventually, the Grand Duke Yogayla (Pol. Jagiello) converted to Catholicism, married the Polish Princess Jadwiga (Hedviga) and became King of Poland. This political development caused a certain cultural and linguistic split between Eastern Slavs which previously almost didn't exist. However, the ], which resided in ] and later in ], remained a common unifying factor within the Rus' lands.

	In the ], which had an Eastern Slavic majority of the population, as well as the official Slavic language (the precursor of modern Belarusian), the Lithuanian gentry converted to (the Grand Duke's) Catholicism. A compromise was proposed by the Vatican, so that the Orthodox Christians would maintain their rituals, language, and clergy - but recognize the Pope as their pontiff. The Greek Orthodox Church was thus formed (1599).

	A majority of the Orthodox Slavs accepted the Greek Catholic (aka Uniate) church. A rivalry between the Grand Duchies of Moscow and Lithuania, both of whom considered themselves as the centre of the Rus', and legitimate successors of Kiev (Ivan III called himself the Grand Duke of all the Rus') caused several wars, and showed Muscovite predominance by the beginning of the 16th century. By 1569 (The Lublin Union), Poland emerged as the dominant part of the Union, and the Southern part of the Duchy were ruled directly from Warsaw, becoming known as the Polish Rus' (present day Ukraine). The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth weakened, whilst the Muscovite Duchy's power increased.

	By 1650, Eastern Ukraine was made part of Muscovy. In the early 1700s, Peter the 1st renamed Muscovy to "The Empire of Russia", a name that previously had encompassed all the Eastern Slavs. The South-Eastern Slavs were then called the "Lesser Rus<nowiki>'</nowiki>", while the North-Western Slavs: Belarus (White Ruthenians). Finally, the Empress Catherine (1785-1794) conquered most of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, while parts of Western Poland went to Prussia, and Southern Poland and Ukrainian Halych went to Austria.

	The Ukrainian minority in Slovakia today still call themselves "]" (]), i.e. derived from Rus'. Modern Belarusian and modern Ukrainian are very closely related, while they differ from modern Russian.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2013}}

	==Notes==
	<references/>

	==See also==
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
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Latest revision as of 15:51, 7 October 2021

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