Melanophryniscus stelzneri: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 00:27, 15 January 2014 editMaterialscientist (talk \| contribs)Edit filter managers, Autopatrolled, Checkusers, Administrators1,994,292 edits Undid revision 569147069 by Gjrvarginha (talk)← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 15:51, 4 April 2024 edit undoMicromesistius (talk \| contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users37,457 edits IUCN update, range per IUCN & ASW, etymology, subspecies, rm text without source
(66 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Species of amphibian}}
	{{italic title}} {{Taxobox
			{{Speciesbox
⚫	\| ~~name~~ = Melanophryniscus ~~dorsalis~~
	\| image = Melanophryniscus ~~dorsalis02~~.jpg		\| image = Melanophryniscus stelzneri.jpg
			\| image_caption = The name bumble bee toad comes from their distinct black and yellow pattern.
⚫	~~\| status = VU~~ \| status_system = IUCN3.1
			\| status = LC
	\|status_ref=<ref name=iucn>Garcia, P. (2004). . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.</ref>
		⚫	\| status_system = IUCN3.1
	\| regnum = ]
			\| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn \|author=IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. \|year=2023 \|title=''Melanophryniscus stelzneri'' \|volume=2023 \|page=e.T54831A101424343 \|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T54831A101424343.en \|access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref>
	\| phylum = ]
		⚫	\| taxon = Melanophryniscus stelzneri
	\| classis = ]
			\| authority = (], 1875)
	\| ordo = ]
			\| synonyms = {{species list
	\| familia = ]
			\| Phryniscus stelzneri \| Weyenbergh, 1875
	\| genus = '']''
			\| Atelopus stelzneri \|–Boulenger, 1894
	\| species = '''''M. dorsalis'''''
			\| Bufo stelzneri \|–Noble, 1922
	\| binomial = ''Melanophryniscus dorsalis''
			\| Dendrophryniscus stelzneri \|–Noble, 1926 }}
	\| binomial_authority = (Mertens, 1933)
			\| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
	\| synonyms = ''Melanophryniscus stelzneri'' ssp. ''dorsalis'' Gallardo, 1961}}
			}}

			'''''Melanophryniscus stelzneri''''', commonly known as the '''redbelly toad''',<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/><ref name="Beolens et al. 2013"/> '''bumble bee toad'''<ref name=Josh>{{cite web \|title=Bumble Bee Toad Care and Breeding \|work=Josh's Frogs \|url=https://joshsfrogs.com/care-sheet/bumble-bee-toad-care-and-breeding \|access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref>{{efn\| Many different common names are used in pet trade, and it is not always clear to exactly which species they refer to.<ref name=Josh/>}} or '''yellow and black walking toad''',<ref name="Amphibian Care">{{cite web \|title=Yellow and Black Walking Toads (''Melanophryniscus stelzneri'') \|work=Amphibian Care \|url=https://www.amphibiancare.com/frogs/caresheets/bumblebeewalkingtoad02.html \|access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref> is a species of ] in the family ] which is ] to ].<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/> It is present in the ].<ref name=IUCN/>
	'''''Melanophryniscus dorsalis''''' is a species of ] in the ] family which is ] to ] and is threatened by ]. Its natural ]s are subtropical or tropical moist ], intermittent freshwater ]es, and sandy shores.<ref name=iucn/>

			==Etymology==
			The ] ''stelzneri'' honors ], a German geologist who spent some time in Argentina.<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013"/>

			==Taxonomy and subspecies==
			''Melanophryniscus stelzneri'' was originally ] in 1875.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Weyenbergh \|date=1875 \|title=Apuntes Pequenos \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0MkYAAAAYAAJ \|url-status=live \|journal=Periodico-Zoológico \|language=Spanish, German \|location=Buenos Aires \|volume=1 \|issue=4 \|pages=331–333 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706170756/https://books.google.com/books?id=0MkYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover \|archive-date=6 July 2022 \|via=Google Books}}</ref> Currently two ] are recognized: ''Melanophryniscus stelzneri stelzneri '' and ''Melanophryniscus stelzneri spegazzinii'' <small>Gallardo, 1961</small>.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/> Other former subspecies are now considered full species, namely '']'' and '']''.<ref name=Frost/>

			== Description ==
			''Melanophryniscus stelzneri'' grows to about {{convert\|1.5\|in\|cm\|1\|abbr=on\|disp=flip}}, with ]<ref name=Josh/>
			]

			==Distribution andhabitat==
			They were first discovered in ].<ref name=Frost/> They are currently known from the Córdoba, ], and ]s of Argentina.<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Frost/> Their range may also extend into ].<ref name=IUCN/><ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=De la Riva \|first1=Ignacio \|last2=Kohler \|first2=Jorn \|last3=Lotters \|first3=Stefan \|last4=Reichle \|first4=Steffen \|date=2000 \|title=Ten years of research on Bolivian amphibians: Updated checklist, distribution, taxonomic problems, literature and iconography \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258507718 \|journal=Revista Espanola de Herpetologia \|volume=14 \|pages=19–164 \|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> They occur in grasslands with rocky outcrops. Reproduction takes place in shallow ponds, streams, bogs, and even roadside ditches.<ref name=IUCN/>

			== Diet and toxicity ==
			''Melanphryniscus'' are toxic in the wild. Their natural diet is made up of mites and ants. It is believed that the toxins are created from alkaloids found in their natural diet.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Hantak \|first1=Maggie M. \|last2=Grant \|first2=Taran \|last3=Reinsch \|first3=Sherri \|last4=Mcginnity \|first4=Dale \|last5=Loring \|first5=Marjorie \|last6=Toyooka \|first6=Naoki \|last7=Saporito \|first7=Ralph \|date=2013 \|title=Dietary alkaloid sequestration in a poison frog: an experimental test of alkaloid uptake in ''Melanophryniscus stelzneri'' (Bufonidae) \|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10886-013-0361-5 \|journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology \|volume=39 \|issue=11–12 \|pages=1400–1406 \|doi=10.1007/s10886-013-0361-5 \|pmid=24190023 \|s2cid=533559 \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The brightly colored pattern is an example of ].<ref name=Josh/> In captivity, they become non-toxic.<ref name="Amphibian Care"/>

			==Notes==
			{{notelist}}

	==References==		==References==
			{{Commons category\|Melanophryniscus stelzneri}}
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist\|30em\|refs=
			<ref name="Beolens et al. 2013">{{cite book \|last1 = Beolens \| first1 = Bo \| last2 = Watkins \| first2 = Michael \| last3 = Grayson \| first3 = Michael \|name-list-style=amp \|title=The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians \|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=QJY3BAAAQBAJ&pg=GBS.PA205 \|date=2013 \|publisher=Pelagic Publishing \|isbn=978-1-907807-42-8 \|page=205}}</ref>

			<ref name=Frost>{{cite web \|url=https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Melanophryniscus/Melanophryniscus-stelzneri \|title=''Melanophryniscus stelzneri'' (Weyenbergh, 1875) \|author=Frost, Darrel R. \|year=2024 \|work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2 \|publisher=American Museum of Natural History \|doi=10.5531/db.vz.0001 \|access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref>
	{{commonscat}}
			}}

			{{Taxonbar\|from=Q2710906}}
⚫	]
⚫	]
⚫	]
⚫	]

		⚫	]
	{{Bufonidae-stub}}
		⚫	]
		⚫	]
		⚫	]
			]

Latest revision as of 15:51, 4 April 2024

Species of amphibian

Melanophryniscus stelzneri

The name bumble bee toad comes from their distinct black and yellow pattern.
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Melanophryniscus
Species:	M. stelzneri
Binomial name
*Melanophryniscus stelzneri* (Weyenbergh, 1875)
Synonyms
Phryniscus stelzneri Weyenbergh, 1875 Atelopus stelzneri –Boulenger, 1894 Bufo stelzneri –Noble, 1922 Dendrophryniscus stelzneri –Noble, 1926

Melanophryniscus stelzneri, commonly known as the redbelly toad, bumble bee toad or yellow and black walking toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae which is endemic to Argentina. It is present in the pet trade.

Etymology

The specific name stelzneri honors Alfred Wilhelm Stelzner, a German geologist who spent some time in Argentina.

Taxonomy and subspecies

Melanophryniscus stelzneri was originally described in 1875. Currently two subspecies are recognized: Melanophryniscus stelzneri stelzneri and Melanophryniscus stelzneri spegazzinii Gallardo, 1961. Other former subspecies are now considered full species, namely Melanophryniscus dorsalis and Melanophryniscus fulvoguttatus.

Description

Melanophryniscus stelzneri grows to about 3.8 cm (1.5 in), with females typically being larger than males.

Distribution andhabitat

They were first discovered in Córdoba, Argentina. They are currently known from the Córdoba, San Luis, and Salta Provinces of Argentina. Their range may also extend into Bolivia. They occur in grasslands with rocky outcrops. Reproduction takes place in shallow ponds, streams, bogs, and even roadside ditches.

Diet and toxicity

Melanphryniscus are toxic in the wild. Their natural diet is made up of mites and ants. It is believed that the toxins are created from alkaloids found in their natural diet. The brightly colored pattern is an example of aposematism. In captivity, they become non-toxic.

Notes

Many different common names are used in pet trade, and it is not always clear to exactly which species they refer to.

References

^ IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2023). "Melanophryniscus stelzneri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T54831A101424343. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T54831A101424343.en. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
^ Frost, Darrel R. (2024). "Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyenbergh, 1875)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-907807-42-8.
^ "Bumble Bee Toad Care and Breeding". Josh's Frogs. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
^ "Yellow and Black Walking Toads (Melanophryniscus stelzneri)". Amphibian Care. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
Weyenbergh (1875). "Apuntes Pequenos". Periodico-Zoológico (in Spanish and German). 1 (4). Buenos Aires: 331–333. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022 – via Google Books.
De la Riva, Ignacio; Kohler, Jorn; Lotters, Stefan; Reichle, Steffen (2000). "Ten years of research on Bolivian amphibians: Updated checklist, distribution, taxonomic problems, literature and iconography". Revista Espanola de Herpetologia. 14: 19–164 – via ResearchGate.
Hantak, Maggie M.; Grant, Taran; Reinsch, Sherri; Mcginnity, Dale; Loring, Marjorie; Toyooka, Naoki; Saporito, Ralph (2013). "Dietary alkaloid sequestration in a poison frog: an experimental test of alkaloid uptake in Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Bufonidae)". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 39 (11–12): 1400–1406. doi:10.1007/s10886-013-0361-5. PMID 24190023. S2CID 533559.

Taxon identifiers
Melanophryniscus stelzneri	Wikidata: Q2710906 Wikispecies: Melanophryniscus stelzneri ADW: Melanophryniscus_stelzneri AmphibiaWeb: 350 ASW: Melanophryniscus-stelzneri CoL: 3Z9M8 EoL: 1025448 GBIF: 2422156 iNaturalist: 21775 IRMNG: 10939889 ITIS: 207253 IUCN: 54831 NCBI: 47582 Observation.org: 203861

Categories: