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{{Short description|Albanian soldier (1872–1945) involved in the Albanian National Awakening}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox military person {{Infobox military person
|name = Prek Cali |name = Prek Cali
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1872|07|29}}{{sfn|Martini|2005|p=66}}
| birth_name = Prek Pjetri (Cali) Hasanaj
⚫ |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1945|03|25|1872|07|29}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1872|07|29}}<ref name="Martini">{{cite book| author=Luigj Martini| page=66| title=Prek Cali, Kelmendi dhe kelmendasit| language=Albanian| url= http://books.google.me/books?id=9p-VGQAACAAJ&dq=Luigj+Martini&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KXe4Us3-D9OBhAfO4YGoDA&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA| isbn=9789994334070| publisher= Camaj-Pipaj| year=2005}}</ref>
⚫ |birth_place = ], ], ]<br />(now ])
⚫ |death_date = {{Death date and age|1945|03|25|1878|07|29}}
|birth_place = ], ], ] now ] |death_place = ], ]
⚫ |placeofburial = Kelmend
|death_place = ], ]
⚫ |placeofburial_label = Place of burial
⚫ |placeofburial =
⚫ |image = Prek Pjeter Cali.jpg
⚫ |placeofburial_label= Place of burial
|image = |nickname =
|nickname = |allegiance =
|allegiance = |serviceyears = 1908–1945
|rank = ]
|serviceyears = 1908–1945
|rank = ] |commands = ]
⚫ |battles = ]<br />]<br />]<br />]
|commands = ]
|religion = ]
⚫ |battles = Albanian Revolt of 1908 <br> ]<br>]<br>Anti-Communism 1944-45
|awards = ] (after 2010)
|death = Killed by Albanian communist forces.
}} }}


'''Prek Cali''' (29 July 1872{{snds}}25 March 1945)<!--or '''Prenk Cali'''--> was an Albanian '']'' ("standard-bearer") of ], part of the ] of northern Albania. He was a veteran of the Albanian uprisings and the ]. He was executed by ] in 1945.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pepa |first1=Pjetër |title=The Criminal File of Albania's Communist Dictator |date=2003 |publisher=Uegen |isbn=9789992754276 |pages=360 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XotAQAAIAAJ&q=prenk+cali}}</ref>
'''Prek Cali''' or '''Prenk Cali''' was a ] of the ] Catholic clan in the northern Albanian region near ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Neuwirth|first=Hubert|title=Widerstand und Kollaboration in Albanien 1939-1944|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Hs4hAQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05783-7|page=216|quote=... Prenk Cali, dem Bajraktar von Vermosh...}}</ref>, nationalist, and anti-communist. Born in Vermosh, he fought in the ] against the ], and later against the ], and finally against the communist forces under ]. Hoxha had him lured and killed him on ].<ref name=
"Shkodra">{{citation|url=http://www.shkoder.net/al/prek_cali.htm | accessdate=12-25-13| language=Albanian| publisher=Shkoder.net| author=Ndue Bacaj (Gazeta "Malësia")|date=March 2001| title=Prek Cali thërret: Rrnoftë Shqipnia, poshtë komunizmi}}</ref>


== Plav and Gusinje == ==Early life and rebellions==
Cali was born in ], part of the ], at the time part of the ] (now ]). He became the '']'' ("flag-bearer") of ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Neuwirth|first=Hubert|title=Widerstand und Kollaboration in Albanien 1939-1944|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hs4hAQAAIAAJ&q=prenk+cali|year=2008|publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-05783-7|page=216|quote=... Prenk Cali, dem Bajraktar von Vermosh...(Prenk Cali, the Bayraktar of Vermosh)}}</ref>


After the fall of ]'s cabinet (1928), Cali came in conflict with King ].<ref name="Pllumi">{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0WP5UXsrAP4C&pg=PA12| author=Zef Pllumi| page=12| title=Live to Tell: A True Story of Religious Persecution in Communist Albania| volume=1, 1944-1951| year=2008| publisher=IUniverse, Inc| isbn=978-0595452989| quote = ..and who had led Kelmendi people against the Montenegrins... He also led them in opposing King Zog, insisting that Kelmendi remain Kelmendi, without having to submit to anybody}}</ref> He led his tribe against Montenegrin forces.<ref name="Pllumi"/>
⚫ At the beginning of the Second World Prek Cali had between 200<ref name="Borozan1995">{{cite book|last=Borozan|first=Đorđe|title=Velika Albanija: poreklo - ideje - praksa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UFstAQAAIAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Vojnoizdavački insitut Vojske|page=503}}</ref> and 1,200<ref name="Serbia)">{{cite book|last=Serbia)|first=Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade,|title=Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavija|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gJvzAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Vojnoistorijski institut|page=203|quote=...са Пренк Цалем налази се око Врмоше око 1.200 бораца}}</ref> armed men around Vermosh under his command. He took control over ] and ] in 1941, before Italian forces occupied it.<ref name="Kostić1954">{{cite book|last=Kostić|first=Dušan|title=Krajevi i ljudi|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RH0-AAAAIAAJ|year=1954|publisher=Narodna knjiga|page=27}}</ref>


== World War II ==
==Anti-Communist struggle==
Prek Cali didnt accept communism,also the other ] tribes refused communism,because ] had good relations with ]. Enver Hoxha tried to convince him to accept communism,and to declare him ],because Prek Cali fought in different places,against different country's like Ottoman Empire,and Serbian Kingdom. When Albanian communists invited him to join them he said : "I will not join communists ,the blame falls on you,because you choose to ally with Serbia,our old national enemies." <ref>Directory of U.S. Labor Organizations 1994-95,page 16, Uran Butka </ref> . After refuse communists thrilled story's that he was supporter of serbian chetniks.


{{Unbalanced|section|talk=Section|date=March 2024}}


=== Death === === Plav and Gusinje ===
⚫ At the beginning of World War II Prek Cali had between 200<ref name="Borozan1995">{{cite book|last=Borozan|first=Đorđe|title=Velika Albanija: poreklo - ideje - praksa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UFstAQAAIAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Vojnoizdavački insitut Vojske|page=503}}</ref> and 1,200<ref>{{cite book|location=Belgrade, Serbia|title=Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavija|year=1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gJvzAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Vojnoistorijski institut|page=203|quote=...са Пренк Цалем налази се око Врмоше око 1.200 бораца}}</ref> armed men around Vermosh under his command. His forces took control over ] and ] in 1941, before Italian forces occupied it.<ref name="Kostić1954">{{cite book|last=Kostić|first=Dušan|title=Krajevi i ljudi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RH0-AAAAIAAJ|year=1954|publisher=Narodna knjiga|page=27}}</ref>
By the end of the ], the main military and political force of the country (]) concentrated to the north of Albania to destroy the anti-communist forces and to eliminate its rivals. They met an open resistance in ] (adjacent region in ]), ] and ], which chieftains were openly anti-Communists. In January 15, 1945, a battle between partisans of the first Brigade (supported later by 23rd and 24th Brigade plus Yugoslav partisan forces) and anti-communist forces was fought at ]. Partisan forces lost 52 partisans; conse­quently, their communist terror was unmatched. About 150 Kelmendi people were kil­led, burnt alive, had their eyeballs out, were buried in holes or cruelly tortured. Their leader Prek Cali was surrounded in a cave in ] for a week; after that he surrendered. He was executed.<ref name="Shkodra"/>


Cali participated in the Italian counter-offensive in August 1941, crushing the ]. Italian General ] reported that Albanian forces from Vermosh commanded by Cali supported ] that advanced from ] to insurgent-controlled ] and ] and re-occupied them despite fierce resistance.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gobeti|first=Erik|title=CRNA GORA U OČIMA PIRCIJA BIROLIJA AVGUSTA 1941.|journal=Matica|issue=Winter 2011|page=445|url=http://www.maticacrnogorska.me/files/48/20%20pircio%20biroli.pdf|access-date=15 March 2014|publisher=Matica Crnogorska|language=Montenegrin<!-- |quote=Udružena akcija divizije „Venecija“, koja je iz Podgorice nadirala prema Kolašinu i Andrijevici i I alpinske grupe „Vale“ pojačane albanskim formacijama kapetana Prenka Kalija iz Vrmoša i formacijama iz Đakovice... -->}}</ref>
== In literature and arts ==

] mentioned Cali in his novel "Pramen Tame"<ref name="Lalić1979">{{cite book|last=Lalić|first=Mihailo|authorlink=Mihailo Lalić|title=Pramen tame: roman|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=27QWAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Nolit|page=44|quote=Lijevom stranom, Zeletinom, vodi Prenk Caljo klimenačke palikuće iz Vrmoše da se osvete što su dugih dvadeset godina bili prinuđeni da žive bez pljačke. }}</ref> and short story "Posljednje brdo".<ref name="Lalić1967">{{cite book|last=Lalić|first=Mihailo|authorlink=Mihailo Lalić|title=Posljednje brdo: Pripovetke|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=T5lHAAAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher="Nolit,"|page=211|quote=... води Пренк Цал>о католике од Врмоше и Вусан>це да се нашьач^у и прославе; да иза н>их не заостане,}}</ref>
=== Cooperation with Chetniks ===
Montenegrin Chetnik leader ] was transferred to Plav in 1939, after Italian occupation of Albania, and was given a task to establish and maintain intelligence network to be used in case of Axis attack on Yugoslavia. This network was not much helpful during the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia but was successfully used for struggle against Communists in Montenegro and Albania.{{sfn|Pajović|1987|p=12}} Pavle Đurišić successfully agreed on Prek Cali's support and bases for Chetniks on the territory of northern Albania, Plav and Gusinje.<ref name="BojovićTitogradu1985">{{cite book|last1=Bojović|first1=Jovan R.|last2=Titogradu|first2=Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore u|title=Prelomni događaji narodnooslobodilaćkog rata u Crnoj Gori 1943. godine: zbornik radova sa naućnog skupa održanog 19. i 20. XII 1983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=97UzAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Istorijski institut SRCG|page=224|quote= Једини стварни успјех четника Павла Ђуришића да на просторима Плава, Гусиња и сјеверне Албаније створе своја упоришта и обезбиједе сарадњу у борби против народноослободилачког покрета остварен је у договорима са барјактаром племена Клименти Пренк Цаљем, који је био у директној служби италијанског окупатора, са чином фашистичког мајора.}}</ref> According to ], Prek Cali was politically opposed to the Muslims from Kosovo and he openly admitted that he used Cali to inspire conflicts between Catholics and Muslims in northern Albania.<ref name=Marovic-1995-339>{{harvnb|Marović|1995|p=339}} {{quote|U jednom izvještaju Draži on kaže da je „Prenk Calja, komandant sjeverne Albanije, čovjek koji uživa povjerenje katolika, otvoreno stupio u političku borbu protiv muslimana Kosovara, uklanjajući njihove ljude sa položaja, čime se zamjerio ... Perhinek ne skriva da Prenka koristi u rasplamsavanju sukoba između katolika i muslimana u sjevernoj Albaniji...}}</ref> Prek Cali invited Chetnik officer Marko Vučeljić to have a meeting in Vermosh, which was accepted, Vučeljić sent his brother Tomo to meet with him above Vermosh.{{when|date=March 2016}}{{sfn|Narod andrijevičkog sreza|1978|p=357}}<ref name="Lekić1961">{{cite book|last=Lekić|first=Radovan|title=Andrijevički srez, 1941-1944: prilog istoriji NOB Crne Gore|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V2hJAAAAMAAJ|year=1961|publisher=Obod|page=335|quote=... капе- тана Марка Вучељића на нени пријател>ски разговор. Марко није отишао, већ је послао свога брата резервног потпоручника Вучељића Тома, који се састао са Пренком изнад села Врмоше. Разговор између Пренк Цаља}}</ref> Chetnik captain Marko Vučeljić established Chetnik military base in Vermosh.<ref>{{harvnb|Redžić|2002|p=313}} {{quote|Тих дана капетан Марко Вучељић је формирао четничку базу у Врмоши (Албанија) са ослоном на Куче. Тада се у долини реке Црње (подно Комова) окупила јача четничка група. Водио ју је Милан Мартиновић.}}</ref> In 1943, Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović paid Cali for his services and also delivered him some arms.{{sfn|Milovanović|Kljaković|1985| p=25|ps=Mihailović je usluge Prenka Galje novčano nagrađivao, a doturao mu je i nešto oružja.}}

Prek Cali became a ] of Chetnik commander ].<ref name="Ашанин2006">{{cite book|last=Ашанин|first=Чедомир И|title=На крсту српства|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYZxAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Студио "Огњен"|page=95|quote=Дошао је н>ихов вој- вода Принц Цал>е, то је био побратим Павла Ъуришића}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jokić|first=Branko|title=Fragment from manuscript "(Un)recognized patriot"|url=http://www.selo-velika.me/?p=348|publisher=Selo-velika|access-date=17 January 2014|quote=Чак је смијенила злогласног Пренк Цаљу, касније и побратима војвјводе Павла Ђуришића, са којим се, према партизанским документма, током рата више пута састајао...|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219034124/http://www.selo-velika.me/?p=348|archive-date=19 February 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> A 25 January 1943 document mentions Cali addressing Muslims in Gusinje not to attack local Serbs.<ref>{{cite web|title=JOKIĆ: Zašto fašističke jedinice Prenka Calje nikada nijesu dolazile u Veliku |url=http://portalanalitika.me/clanak/197396/jokic-zasto-fasisticke-jedinice-prenka-calje-nikada-nijesu-dolazile-u-veliku}}</ref> In April 1944 Chetnik commanders reported to Mihailović that Prek Cali distinguished himself by supporting Chetniks, not only through providing Chetniks with accommodation in Vermosh but also through participation with a number of his men on Chetnik side in the campaign Chetniks undertook towards ], sometimes with ] from Plav and Gusinje.<ref name="Đaković1986">{{cite book|last=Đaković|first=Spasoje|title=Sukobi na Kosovu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7pBAAAAYAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Narodna knjiga|pages=142, 144|isbn=9788633100854|quote=Држиш ли везу са Пренк Цалом (барјактар из Северне Албаније са седиштем у Врмоши и често је са вулнетарима са територије Плава и Гусиња нападао на партизане Црне Горе - Андријевицу и Беране...Војвода Пренк Цале је редак пример, који не само да помаже наш покрет пријатељским примањем нашег људства, него је са извесним бро- јем својих војника учествовао у нашој борби ка Андријевици. }}</ref>

At the end of 1944 Prek Cali was a member of delegation sent by Đurišić to discuss with the ] over the safe retreat of Chetniks to Greece through Albania.<ref>{{harvnb|Redžić|2002|p=510}} {{quote|Тада се на челу албанске владе налазио пријатељ црногорског народа и четника, већ поменути принц Марк Ђон. Делегацију су чинили Љубомир Вуксановић, Саво Вулетић, Дервиш Омербашић, Пренк Цаља, командант црногорске жандармерије мајор Димитрије Бољевић, Лазар Богетић и командант Кучко- ...}}</ref> When Mark Gjon appointed Prek Cali part of the Albanian delegation, ] jokingly remarked "take him from us, that is the best guarantee that all will go well".<ref>{{cite book|title=Glasnik Srpskog istorijsko-kulturnog društva "Njegoš".|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EuHlAAAAMAAJ|year=1959|publisher=Njegoš|page=57|quote=Принц се сагласио са нашим предлогом и одмах одредио своје делегате. Кад смо чули име Пренк Цаље, ми смо се са задовољством насмејали и Вуксановић је одмах до- дао: "Ви нам га узесте, то нам је најбоља гаранција, да ће све поћи добрим путем".}}</ref>

== Death ==
By the end of the war, the main military and political force of the country, the Albanian Communist Partisans, concentrated towards the north of Albania in order to destroy the anti-Communist forces and to eliminate their rivals. They met an open resistance in ] (now in ]), ] and ], whose chieftains were openly anti-Communists. On 15 January 1945, a battle between the 1st Brigade Partisans (supported later by the 23rd and 24th brigades plus Yugoslav Partisan forces) and anti-Communist forces was fought at the ]. The Partisans had 52 losses. About 150 Kelmendi people were killed. Their leader Prek Cali was surrounded in a cave in ] for a week, after which he surrendered. He was executed by the Communists on the feast day of ].<ref>{{citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cq7Md0pmam4C&pg=PA144| isbn= 978-3447047845|title=Geschichte der Katholischen Kirche in Albanien 1919-1993|page=144| author=Markus W. E. Peters| date=31 October 2003| publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag| quote=Und am 25 März, so der Päpstliche Gesandte, werden auf dem katholischen Friedhof der katholische Menschenrechtler Prek Cali und der Pfarrer Dom Ndre Zadeja zusammen mit drei muslimischen Intellektuellen der Stadt erschossen.(According to the envoys of the Pope, on March 25th the catholic human rights activist Prek Cali and the priest Dom Ndre Zadeja were shot on the catholic graveyard together with 3 of the town's Muslim intellectuals)}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=March 2016}}

==Legacy==
After ], Prëk Cali was decorated and honored with the Medal "Martyr of Democracy" in 1993 by President of Albania ].<ref>{{citation| language=Albanian| access-date=2014-01-23| url=http://www.trepca.net/2005/07/050708_kk_historia_pavdekshme_baces_kelmendit_oreke_pjeter_cali.htm| publisher=Trepca.net| author=Klajd Kapinova| title=Historitë e pavdekshme të Bacës së Kelmendit Prekë Pjetër Cali (1872 - 1945)| date=8 July 2005| quote=...Martiri i Demokracisë: Prek Pjetri (Cali) Hasanaj...| archive-date=7 March 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307013319/http://www.trepca.net/2005/07/050708_kk_historia_pavdekshme_baces_kelmendit_oreke_pjeter_cali.htm| url-status=dead}}</ref> Seven years later, in 2010, then-current President of Albania ] honored him with Order "Honor of Nation".<ref>{{citation| url=http://www.kosova.com/artikulli/96551| language=Albanian| access-date=2014-01-23| author=Frank Shkreli| title=Kelmendi, Nderi i Kombit| publisher=Kosova.com| trans-title=Kelmendi, Honor of the Nation| quote=Presidenti Nishani ia dorëzoi Këlmendit – fisit të luftëtarit legjendar Prek Cali - dekoratën ''Nderi i Kombit'' gjatë aktivitetit artistik dhe kulturor (President Nishani handed over the decoration Honor of the Nation to the Kelemendi - tribe of legendary fighter Prek Cali)| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202181330/http://www.kosova.com/artikulli/96551| archive-date=2 February 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2000 the monument of Prek Cali was set put in ].<ref>{{cite video| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oULH8ODOwfE| language=Albanian| title=Monumenti i Prek Calit Shkoder 2000-Fjala e Gjovalin Bzheta| trans-title=The monument of Prek Cali in Shkoder, 2000 - Gjovalin Bzheta's speech| people=Gjovalin Bzheta| medium=YouTube}}</ref>

=== Controversy ===
], the Prime Minister of ]'s ] government under ], believed that after Cali's death, Albanian and Yugoslav communists disseminated stories about Prëk Cali being a fascist, enemy of Albania, and secret supporter of Chetniks. Frashëri believed such accounts were untrue because Cali and his whole family fought together with the Kelmendi tribe against 800 Serbian partisans, and in August 1912 protected the northern borders of Albania.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mehdi Frashëri|title=Kujtime: vitet 1913-1933|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3ktAQAAIAAJ|year=2005|publisher=OMSCA-1|page=185|isbn=9789992752609}}</ref> Luigj Martini also believes that the claims of cooperation between Chetniks and Cali is Albanian-Yugoslavian communist propaganda.{{sfn|Martini|2005|p=68}}

=== Literature ===
{{Commons category|Prek Cali}}
] (1914–1992) mentioned Cali in his short story ''Posljednje brdo'' (1967)<ref name="Lalić1967">{{cite book|last=Lalić|first=Mihailo|author-link=Mihailo Lalić|title=Posljednje brdo: Pripovetke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5lHAAAAMAAJ|year=1967|work=Nolit|page=211|quote=... води Пренк Цал>о католике од Врмоше и Вусан>це да се нашьач^у и прославе; да иза н>их не заостане,}}</ref> and novel ''Pramen Tame'' (1979),<ref name="Lalić1979">{{cite book|last=Lalić|first=Mihailo|author-link=Mihailo Lalić|title=Pramen tame: roman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27QWAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Nolit|page=44|quote=Lijevom stranom, Zeletinom, vodi Prenk Caljo klimenačke palikuće iz Vrmoše da se osvete što su dugih dvadeset godina bili prinuđeni da žive bez pljačke. }}</ref> and included him in his collection of memoirs.<ref name="Lalić1983">{{cite book|author=Mihailo Lalić|title=Sabrana dela Mihaila Lalića: . Dokle gora zazeleni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aspKAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Nolit}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


== Sources == == Sources ==
* {{cite book|last=Martini|first=Luigj|title=Prek Cali, Kelmendi dhe kelmendasit|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9p-VGQAACAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Camaj-Pipaj|isbn=978-99943-34-07-0}} * {{cite book|last=Blumi|first=Isa |title=Reinstating the Ottomans: Alternative Balkan Modernities, 1800-1912|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ca3IAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR16|year=2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-11908-6}}
* {{cite book|author=Isa Blumi|title=Reinstating the Ottomans: Alternative Balkan Modernities, 1800-1912|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ca3IAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR16|date=10 May 2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-230-11908-6}} * {{cite book|last=Marović|first=Miodrag|title=Balkanski Džoker: Albanija i Albanci : istorijska hronika nastajanja i razvoja albanskog pitanja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXMvAQAAMAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Kulturni centar|isbn=9788670040052}}
* {{cite book|last=Martini|first=Luigj|title=Prek Cali, Kelmendi dhe kelmendasit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9p-VGQAACAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Camaj-Pipaj|isbn=978-99943-34-07-0}}
* {{cite book|last1=Milovanović|first1=Nikola B.|last2=Kljaković|first2=Vojmir|title=Draža Mihailović|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R_McAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Centar za informacije i publicitet}}
* {{cite book|author=Narod andrijevičkog sreza |title=VATRE sa Komova: Narod andrijevičkog sreza u NOP 1941-1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=heJWNQAACAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Mjesni odbor SUBNORA-a}}
* {{cite book | last = Pajović | first = Radoje | year = 1987 | title = Pavle Đurišić | publisher = Centar za informacije i publicitet | location = ], Yugoslavia | isbn=978-86-7125-006-1 | language = Serbo-Croatian }}
* {{cite book | last = Pajović | first = Radoje | year = 1977 | title = Kontrarevolucija u Crnoj Gori: Četnički i federalistički pokret 1941–1945 | publisher = Obod | location = ], Yugoslavia | language = Serbo-Croatian }}
*{{cite book|last=Redžić|first=Vučeta|title=Građanski rat u Crnoj Gori: Dešavanja od sredine 1942. godine do sredine 1945. godine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15awAAAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Stupovi}}


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{{Persondata
⚫ | NAME = Cali, Prek
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Prëk Cali
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1872
⚫ | PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ], ] now ]
| DATE OF DEATH = 1945
| PLACE OF DEATH = ], ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cali, Prek}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cali, Prek}}
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Latest revision as of 10:31, 10 November 2024

Albanian soldier (1872–1945) involved in the Albanian National Awakening

Prek Cali
Born(1872-07-29)29 July 1872
Vermosh, Scutari Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
(now Albania)
Died25 March 1945(1945-03-25) (aged 72)
Shkodër, Albania
Place of burialKelmend
Years of service1908–1945
RankCommander
CommandsKelmend
Battles / warsAlbanian revolt of 1908
Albanian revolt of 1911
Albania during the Balkan Wars
Uprising in Montenegro

Prek Cali (29 July 1872 – 25 March 1945) was an Albanian bajraktar ("standard-bearer") of Vermosh, part of the Kelmendi tribe of northern Albania. He was a veteran of the Albanian uprisings and the Balkan Wars. He was executed by Yugoslav Partisans in 1945.

Early life and rebellions

Cali was born in Vermosh, part of the Kelmendi tribe, at the time part of the Scutari Vilayet (now northern Albania). He became the bajraktar ("flag-bearer") of Kelmendi.

After the fall of Fan S. Noli's cabinet (1928), Cali came in conflict with King Ahmet Zogu. He led his tribe against Montenegrin forces.

World War II

This section may be unbalanced toward certain viewpoints. Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (March 2024)

Plav and Gusinje

At the beginning of World War II Prek Cali had between 200 and 1,200 armed men around Vermosh under his command. His forces took control over Plav and Gusinje in 1941, before Italian forces occupied it.

Cali participated in the Italian counter-offensive in August 1941, crushing the Uprising in Montenegro. Italian General Alessandro Pirzio Biroli reported that Albanian forces from Vermosh commanded by Cali supported Division Venezia that advanced from Podgorica to insurgent-controlled Kolašin and Andrijevica and re-occupied them despite fierce resistance.

Cooperation with Chetniks

Montenegrin Chetnik leader Pavle Đurišić was transferred to Plav in 1939, after Italian occupation of Albania, and was given a task to establish and maintain intelligence network to be used in case of Axis attack on Yugoslavia. This network was not much helpful during the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia but was successfully used for struggle against Communists in Montenegro and Albania. Pavle Đurišić successfully agreed on Prek Cali's support and bases for Chetniks on the territory of northern Albania, Plav and Gusinje. According to Rudolf Perhinek, Prek Cali was politically opposed to the Muslims from Kosovo and he openly admitted that he used Cali to inspire conflicts between Catholics and Muslims in northern Albania. Prek Cali invited Chetnik officer Marko Vučeljić to have a meeting in Vermosh, which was accepted, Vučeljić sent his brother Tomo to meet with him above Vermosh. Chetnik captain Marko Vučeljić established Chetnik military base in Vermosh. In 1943, Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović paid Cali for his services and also delivered him some arms.

Prek Cali became a blood brother of Chetnik commander Pavle Đurišić. A 25 January 1943 document mentions Cali addressing Muslims in Gusinje not to attack local Serbs. In April 1944 Chetnik commanders reported to Mihailović that Prek Cali distinguished himself by supporting Chetniks, not only through providing Chetniks with accommodation in Vermosh but also through participation with a number of his men on Chetnik side in the campaign Chetniks undertook towards Andrijevica, sometimes with Vulnetari from Plav and Gusinje.

At the end of 1944 Prek Cali was a member of delegation sent by Đurišić to discuss with the Albanian fascist government over the safe retreat of Chetniks to Greece through Albania. When Mark Gjon appointed Prek Cali part of the Albanian delegation, Ljubomir Vuksanović jokingly remarked "take him from us, that is the best guarantee that all will go well".

Death

By the end of the war, the main military and political force of the country, the Albanian Communist Partisans, concentrated towards the north of Albania in order to destroy the anti-Communist forces and to eliminate their rivals. They met an open resistance in Nikaj-Mërtur (now in Tropojë District), Dukagjin and Kelmend, whose chieftains were openly anti-Communists. On 15 January 1945, a battle between the 1st Brigade Partisans (supported later by the 23rd and 24th brigades plus Yugoslav Partisan forces) and anti-Communist forces was fought at the Tamara Bridge. The Partisans had 52 losses. About 150 Kelmendi people were killed. Their leader Prek Cali was surrounded in a cave in Vukël for a week, after which he surrendered. He was executed by the Communists on the feast day of Palm Sunday.

Legacy

After fall of communism in Albania, Prëk Cali was decorated and honored with the Medal "Martyr of Democracy" in 1993 by President of Albania Sali Berisha. Seven years later, in 2010, then-current President of Albania Bujar Nishani honored him with Order "Honor of Nation". In 2000 the monument of Prek Cali was set put in Shkodër.

Controversy

Mehdi Frashëri, the Prime Minister of Albania's Quisling government under Nazi Germany, believed that after Cali's death, Albanian and Yugoslav communists disseminated stories about Prëk Cali being a fascist, enemy of Albania, and secret supporter of Chetniks. Frashëri believed such accounts were untrue because Cali and his whole family fought together with the Kelmendi tribe against 800 Serbian partisans, and in August 1912 protected the northern borders of Albania. Luigj Martini also believes that the claims of cooperation between Chetniks and Cali is Albanian-Yugoslavian communist propaganda.

Literature

Mihailo Lalić (1914–1992) mentioned Cali in his short story Posljednje brdo (1967) and novel Pramen Tame (1979), and included him in his collection of memoirs.

References

  1. Martini 2005, p. 66.
  2. Pepa, Pjetër (2003). The Criminal File of Albania's Communist Dictator. Uegen. p. 360. ISBN 9789992754276.
  3. Neuwirth, Hubert (2008). Widerstand und Kollaboration in Albanien 1939-1944. Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 216. ISBN 978-3-447-05783-7. ... Prenk Cali, dem Bajraktar von Vermosh...(Prenk Cali, the Bayraktar of Vermosh)
  4. ^ Zef Pllumi (2008). Live to Tell: A True Story of Religious Persecution in Communist Albania. Vol. 1, 1944–1951. IUniverse, Inc. p. 12. ISBN 978-0595452989. ..and who had led Kelmendi people against the Montenegrins... He also led them in opposing King Zog, insisting that Kelmendi remain Kelmendi, without having to submit to anybody
  5. Borozan, Đorđe (1995). Velika Albanija: poreklo - ideje - praksa. Vojnoizdavački insitut Vojske. p. 503.
  6. Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavija. Belgrade, Serbia: Vojnoistorijski institut. 1969. p. 203. ...са Пренк Цалем налази се око Врмоше око 1.200 бораца
  7. Kostić, Dušan (1954). Krajevi i ljudi. Narodna knjiga. p. 27.
  8. Gobeti, Erik. "CRNA GORA U OČIMA PIRCIJA BIROLIJA AVGUSTA 1941" (PDF). Matica (in Montenegrin) (Winter 2011). Matica Crnogorska: 445. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  9. Pajović 1987, p. 12.
  10. Bojović, Jovan R.; Titogradu, Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore u (1985). Prelomni događaji narodnooslobodilaćkog rata u Crnoj Gori 1943. godine: zbornik radova sa naućnog skupa održanog 19. i 20. XII 1983. Istorijski institut SRCG. p. 224. Једини стварни успјех четника Павла Ђуришића да на просторима Плава, Гусиња и сјеверне Албаније створе своја упоришта и обезбиједе сарадњу у борби против народноослободилачког покрета остварен је у договорима са барјактаром племена Клименти Пренк Цаљем, који је био у директној служби италијанског окупатора, са чином фашистичког мајора.
  11. Marović 1995, p. 339

    U jednom izvještaju Draži on kaže da je „Prenk Calja, komandant sjeverne Albanije, čovjek koji uživa povjerenje katolika, otvoreno stupio u političku borbu protiv muslimana Kosovara, uklanjajući njihove ljude sa položaja, čime se zamjerio ... Perhinek ne skriva da Prenka koristi u rasplamsavanju sukoba između katolika i muslimana u sjevernoj Albaniji...

  12. Narod andrijevičkog sreza 1978, p. 357.
  13. Lekić, Radovan (1961). Andrijevički srez, 1941-1944: prilog istoriji NOB Crne Gore. Obod. p. 335. ... капе- тана Марка Вучељића на нени пријател>ски разговор. Марко није отишао, већ је послао свога брата резервног потпоручника Вучељића Тома, који се састао са Пренком изнад села Врмоше. Разговор између Пренк Цаља
  14. Redžić 2002, p. 313

    Тих дана капетан Марко Вучељић је формирао четничку базу у Врмоши (Албанија) са ослоном на Куче. Тада се у долини реке Црње (подно Комова) окупила јача четничка група. Водио ју је Милан Мартиновић.

  15. Milovanović & Kljaković 1985, p. 25Mihailović je usluge Prenka Galje novčano nagrađivao, a doturao mu je i nešto oružja.
  16. Ашанин, Чедомир И (2006). На крсту српства. Студио "Огњен". p. 95. Дошао је н>ихов вој- вода Принц Цал>е, то је био побратим Павла Ъуришића
  17. Jokić, Branko. "Fragment from manuscript "(Un)recognized patriot"". Selo-velika. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2014. Чак је смијенила злогласног Пренк Цаљу, касније и побратима војвјводе Павла Ђуришића, са којим се, према партизанским документма, током рата више пута састајао...
  18. "JOKIĆ: Zašto fašističke jedinice Prenka Calje nikada nijesu dolazile u Veliku".
  19. Đaković, Spasoje (1986). Sukobi na Kosovu. Narodna knjiga. pp. 142, 144. ISBN 9788633100854. Држиш ли везу са Пренк Цалом (барјактар из Северне Албаније са седиштем у Врмоши и често је са вулнетарима са територије Плава и Гусиња нападао на партизане Црне Горе - Андријевицу и Беране...Војвода Пренк Цале је редак пример, који не само да помаже наш покрет пријатељским примањем нашег људства, него је са извесним бро- јем својих војника учествовао у нашој борби ка Андријевици.
  20. Redžić 2002, p. 510

    Тада се на челу албанске владе налазио пријатељ црногорског народа и четника, већ поменути принц Марк Ђон. Делегацију су чинили Љубомир Вуксановић, Саво Вулетић, Дервиш Омербашић, Пренк Цаља, командант црногорске жандармерије мајор Димитрије Бољевић, Лазар Богетић и командант Кучко- ...

  21. Glasnik Srpskog istorijsko-kulturnog društva "Njegoš". Njegoš. 1959. p. 57. Принц се сагласио са нашим предлогом и одмах одредио своје делегате. Кад смо чули име Пренк Цаље, ми смо се са задовољством насмејали и Вуксановић је одмах до- дао: "Ви нам га узесте, то нам је најбоља гаранција, да ће све поћи добрим путем".
  22. Markus W. E. Peters (31 October 2003), Geschichte der Katholischen Kirche in Albanien 1919-1993, Harrassowitz Verlag, p. 144, ISBN 978-3447047845, Und am 25 März, so der Päpstliche Gesandte, werden auf dem katholischen Friedhof der katholische Menschenrechtler Prek Cali und der Pfarrer Dom Ndre Zadeja zusammen mit drei muslimischen Intellektuellen der Stadt erschossen.(According to the envoys of the Pope, on March 25th the catholic human rights activist Prek Cali and the priest Dom Ndre Zadeja were shot on the catholic graveyard together with 3 of the town's Muslim intellectuals)
  23. Klajd Kapinova (8 July 2005), Historitë e pavdekshme të Bacës së Kelmendit Prekë Pjetër Cali (1872 - 1945) (in Albanian), Trepca.net, archived from the original on 7 March 2014, retrieved 23 January 2014, ...Martiri i Demokracisë: Prek Pjetri (Cali) Hasanaj...
  24. Frank Shkreli, Kelmendi, Nderi i Kombit [Kelmendi, Honor of the Nation] (in Albanian), Kosova.com, archived from the original on 2 February 2014, retrieved 23 January 2014, Presidenti Nishani ia dorëzoi Këlmendit – fisit të luftëtarit legjendar Prek Cali - dekoratën Nderi i Kombit gjatë aktivitetit artistik dhe kulturor (President Nishani handed over the decoration Honor of the Nation to the Kelemendi - tribe of legendary fighter Prek Cali)
  25. Gjovalin Bzheta. Monumenti i Prek Calit Shkoder 2000-Fjala e Gjovalin Bzheta [The monument of Prek Cali in Shkoder, 2000 - Gjovalin Bzheta's speech] (YouTube) (in Albanian).
  26. Mehdi Frashëri (2005). Kujtime: vitet 1913-1933. OMSCA-1. p. 185. ISBN 9789992752609.
  27. Martini 2005, p. 68.
  28. Lalić, Mihailo (1967). Posljednje brdo: Pripovetke. p. 211. ... води Пренк Цал>о католике од Врмоше и Вусан>це да се нашьач^у и прославе; да иза н>их не заостане, {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  29. Lalić, Mihailo (1979). Pramen tame: roman. Nolit. p. 44. Lijevom stranom, Zeletinom, vodi Prenk Caljo klimenačke palikuće iz Vrmoše da se osvete što su dugih dvadeset godina bili prinuđeni da žive bez pljačke.
  30. Mihailo Lalić (1983). Sabrana dela Mihaila Lalića: . Dokle gora zazeleni. Nolit.

Sources

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