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{{Refimprove|date=April 2009}} {{More citations needed|date=April 2009}}

{{Infobox Greek Dimos {{Infobox Greek Dimos
|name = Goumenissa |name = Goumenissa
|name_local = Γουμένισσα |name_local = Γουμένισσα
|type = municipal unit
|image_map = Dimos Goumenissas.png |image_map = DE Goumenissas.svg
|country = ]
|map_caption = Location within the regional unit |map_caption = Location within the regional unit
| periph = ] |georegion=]| periph =
| periphunit = ] | periphunit = ]
|municipality = ] |municipality = ]
|population_as_of = 2011 |population_as_of = 2021
|pop_municunit = 6130 |pop_municunit = 5157
|pop_community = 3609 |pop_community = 3292
|area_municunit = 200.33 |area_municunit = 208.9
|elevation = 268 |elevation = 268
|coordinates = {{coord|40|56|N|22|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|lat_deg = 40
|lat_min = 56
|lon_deg = 22
|lon_min = 27
|postal_code = 613 00 |postal_code = 613 00
|area_code = 2343 |area_code = 2343
|licence = ΚΙ |licence = ΚΙ
|mayor = ]
|website = |website =
|image_skyline = frenchf.jpg |image_skyline = Giumendje-izgled (cropped).jpg
|caption_skyline = Central Square, The French Fountain |caption_skyline =
|city_flag = |city_flag =
|city_seal = |city_seal =
|districts = |districts =
|party =
|since =
|elevation_min =
|elevation_max =
}} }}


'''Goumenissa''' ({{lang-el|Γουμένισσα}} {{IPA-el|ɣuˈme̞nisa|}}), {{lang-mk|Гуменџе}} ''Gumendzhe'' is a small traditional town in the ], ], ]. It was the capital of the former ]. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality ], of which it is a community and a municipal unit.<ref name=Kallikratis> Greece Ministry of Interior {{el icon}}</ref> The 2011 census recorded 3,609 residents in the community and 6,130 residents in the municipal unit.<ref name="census11"/> The town sits on the southeastern part of the ] mountain range. Located 69&nbsp;km northwest of ], 539&nbsp;km north of ] and 20&nbsp;km north of ], the ancient capital of the kingdom of ]. Goumenissa is the seat of the ] ] of Goumenissa, Axioupoli and Polykastro.<ref> {{el icon}}</ref> '''Goumenissa''' ({{langx|el|Γουμένισσα}} {{IPA-el|ɣuˈme̞nisa|}}) is a small traditional town in the ], ], ]. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the ], of which it is a community and a municipal unit.<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.|title=ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities|language=el|publisher=]}}</ref> The municipal unit has an area of 208.949km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archivedate=2015-09-21 }}</ref> The 2021 census recorded 3,292 residents in the community and 5,157 residents in the municipal unit.<ref name="census21"/> The town sits on the southeastern part of the ] mountain range. Located 69&nbsp;km northwest of ], 539&nbsp;km north of ] and 20&nbsp;km north of ], the ancient capital of the ] kingdom of ]. Goumenissa is the seat of the ] ] of Goumenissa, Axioupoli and Polykastro.<ref> {{in lang|el}}</ref>


Goumenissa has narrow streets lined with traditional houses and is renowned for a wide range of things; apart from its preindustrial monuments built beside lush springs, there are traditional wineries which prove the expertise of this small country town to produce good quality wine. It is known for its folklore museum, its impromptu brass bands (Τα Χάλκινα της Γουμένισσας ''Ta Chalkina tis Goumenissas'') and its customs, events and fetes, all of them are reflective of the traditional lifestyle. Goumenissa has narrow streets lined with traditional houses and is renowned for a wide range of things; apart from its preindustrial monuments built beside lush springs, there are traditional wineries which prove the expertise of this small country town to produce good quality wine. It is known for its folklore museum, its impromptu brass bands (Τα Χάλκινα της Γουμένισσας ''Ta Chalkina tis Goumenissas'') and its customs, events and fetes, all of them are reflective of the traditional lifestyle.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Κουκουμακας |first=Κωστας |date=2015-04-07 |title=Γουμένισσα / Κιλκίς: Χάλκινα και βόλτες στη φύση |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/k/travel/810557/goymenissa-kilkis-chalkina-kai-voltes-sti-fysi/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=] |language=greek}}</ref>


==Name== ==Name==
There are a lot of versions of the origin of the name Goumenissa. According to the local tradition, robbers hung the ''Abbot'' (Greek: ''Ηγούμενος'' egoumenos) of the abbey, and the city's name, which means ''place of Abbot'' derived from this; In Bulgarian it was called Гуменидже ''Gumenidzhe''. There are a lot of versions of the origin of the name Goumenissa. According to the local tradition, robbers hung the ''Abbot'' (Greek: ''Ηγούμενος'' egoumenos) of the abbey, and the city's name, which means ''place of Abbot'' derived from this. In Bulgarian, it was called Гуменидже ''Gumenidzhe''.


==History== ==History==
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{{further|Hellenistic Greece}} {{further|Hellenistic Greece}}


The town is located in part of the ancient ], the exact boundaries of which, like the early history of its inhabitants, are very obscure. According to ] (v. 16), they were ''Teucrian'' colonists from ]. ] ('']'', book II, line 848) speaks of Paeonians from the ] fighting on the side of the Trojans, but the Iliad does not mention whether the Paeonians were kin to the Trojans. Homer gives the Paionian leader as a certain ]; later on in the Iliad a second leader is mentioned, ] son of ]. The town is located in part of the ancient ], the exact boundaries of which, like the early history of its inhabitants, are very obscure. According to ] (v. 16), they were ''Teucrian'' colonists from ]. ] ('']'', book II, line 848) speaks of Paeonians from the ] fighting on the side of the ], but the Iliad does not mention whether the Paeonians were kin to the Trojans. Homer gives the Paeonian leader as a certain ]; later on in the Iliad a second leader is mentioned, ] son of ].


===Roman Era (146 BC - 330)=== ===Roman Era (146 BC - 330)===
{{further|Roman Greece}} {{further|Roman Greece}}


After the Roman conquest of Macedon in 146 BC, Paionia east and west of the Axios formed the second and third districts respectively of the ] (Livy xiv. 29). Centuries later under ], Paionia and Pelagonia formed a province called ''Macedonia secunda'' or ], belonging to the ]. After the ] in 146 BC, ] east and west of the Axios formed the second and third districts respectively of the ] (Livy xiv. 29). Centuries later under ], ] and ] formed a province called ''Macedonia secunda'' or ], belonging to the ].


===Byzantine Era (330 - 1387)=== ===Byzantine Era (330 - 1387)===
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] ]


When the ] was divided into eastern and western segments ruled from ] and ] respectively, Goumenissa came under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire (]). Goumenissa passed out of Byzantine hands in 1204, when Constantinople was captured by the ] and became part of the ] - the largest fief of the ], covering most of north and central Greece. When the ] was divided into eastern and western segments ruled from ] and ] respectively, Goumenissa came under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire (]). Goumenissa passed out of Byzantine hands in 1204, when Constantinople was captured by the ] and became part of the ] - the largest fief of the ], covering most of northern and central Greece.


In 1224 it was seized by ], the Greek ruler of ]. The area was recovered by the ] in 1246. First report with the name Goumenissa we have at the year 1346, at the era of ] Dynasty. In an Imperial Act of this year, the region of Goumenissa is granted in the ''Holly Abbey Ibyron'' of ] and becomes religious centre because of the ''Monastery of Virgin Mary''. Next to Monastery existed a settlement that little later with the union of small agro-pastoral settlements will create a dynamic town that will be named Goumenissa. In 1224 it was seized by ], the Greek ruler of ]. The area was recovered by the ] in 1246. First report with the name Goumenissa we have at the year 1346, at the era of ] Dynasty. In an Imperial Act of this year, the region of Goumenissa is granted in the ''Holly Abbey Ibyron'' of ] and becomes religious centre because of the ''Monastery of Virgin Mary''. Next to Monastery existed a settlement that little later with the union of small agro-pastoral settlements will create a dynamic town that will be named Goumenissa.
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===Ottoman Era (1387 - 1912)=== ===Ottoman Era (1387 - 1912)===
{{further|Ottoman Greece}} {{further|Ottoman Greece}}
] ]


The Ottomans had captured Goumenissa in 1387. Under the rule of the ] the area was characterized self-governed town and acquired privileges because of the important production of ], used for the military ]s of the Ottoman army. Goumenissa prospered during the 19th century and became economic, cultural and religious centre of the region. The famed wine of Goumenissa, made out of local varieties like ] and ],<ref name="wine grapes">J. Robinson ''Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes'' pg 127 Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 0198600984</ref> become popular in the ] and beyond, particularly in ]. The ] captured Goumenissa in 1387. Under the rule of the ] the area was characterized self-governed town and acquired privileges because of the important production of ], used for the military ]s of the Ottoman army. Goumenissa prospered during the 19th century and became economic, cultural and religious centre of the region. The famed wine of Goumenissa, made out of local varieties like ] and ],<ref name="wine grapes">J. Robinson ''Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes'' pg 127 Oxford University Press 1996 {{ISBN|0198600984}}</ref> become popular in the ] and beyond, particularly in ].


Even though being a town with privileges, it was not uninvolved in the ] of 1821. By the outbreak of the revolution, the Ottoman army conducted searches of premises and found 49 rifles. This led to violent ] ordered by ] of ] ]. The punishment included the handing over of money, food, animals and carriages. Even though being a town with privileges, it was not uninvolved in the ] of 1821. By the outbreak of the revolution, the Ottoman army conducted searches of premises and found 49 rifles. This led to violent ] ordered by ] of ] ]. The punishment included the handing over of money, food, animals and carriages.


The Russian ] Victor Grigorovich in 1845 recorded ''Igumencho'' as mostly ] village.<ref></ref> The first Bulgarian school was founded in 1866-1867.<ref>Кирил патриарх Български. Българската екзархия в Одринско и Македония след Освободителната война 1877-1878. Том първи, книга втора, стр. 28.</ref> The Russian ] Victor Grigorovich in 1845, however, recorded ''Igumencho'' as mostly ] village.<ref></ref> The first Bulgarian school was founded in 1866-1867.<ref>Кирил патриарх Български. Българската екзархия в Одринско и Македония след Освободителната война 1877-1878. Том първи, книга втора, стр. 28.</ref>


====The Macedonian Struggle==== ====Macedonian Struggle====
{{Further|Macedonian Struggle}} {{Further|Macedonian Struggle}}
]


By 1899, the Bulgarian guerrillas of the ] (IMRO) turned against Ottoman authorities. Gradually, tensions increased among the followers of the ] (mostly Greeks) and those of the ] (exclusively Bulgarians) to the point of armed conflict. By 1899, the Bulgarian ] of the ] (IMRO) turned against Ottoman authorities. Gradually, tensions increased among the followers of the ] (mostly Greeks) and those of the ] (mostly Bulgarians) to the point of armed conflict.


The rioting in Macedonia, the atrocities of Bulgarian guerrilla troops against Greek locals and especially the death of ] (killed by Turks in 1904) caused intense nationalistic feelings in Greece. This led to the decision to send more Greek guerrilla troops in order to thwart Bulgarian efforts. The rioting in Macedonia, the atrocities of Bulgarian komitadjis troops against Greek locals and especially the death of ] (killed by Turks in 1904) caused intense nationalistic feelings in Greece. This led to the decision to send more Greek guerrilla troops in order to thwart Bulgarian efforts.


The village also had supporters of the Bulgarian cause. Notably, 21 persons joined the ]<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр. 840.(Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps. Staff according to documents from Directorate Central Military Archives, Sofia 2006, p. 840.)</ref> The village also had supporters of the Bulgarian cause. Notably, 21 persons joined the ].<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр. 840.(Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps. Staff according to documents from Directorate Central Military Archives, Sofia 2006, p. 840.)</ref>


Conflicts ended after the revolution of ] in July 1908, as they promised to respect all ethnicities and religions and generally to provide a constitution. Conflicts ended after the revolution of ] in July 1908, as they promised to respect all ethnicities and religions and generally to provide a constitution.


On October 23, 1912, during the course of the ] Goumenissa was conquered by the Greek army and incorporated into the ]. On October 23, 1912, during the course of the ] Goumenissa was conquered by the ] and incorporated into the ].


=====Greek Macedonian fighters <ref>in Greek: "Obscure Native Macedonian Fighters" published by Company of Macedonian Studies, 2008</ref>===== =====Greek Macedonian fighters =====
⚫ *''Goumenissa'': Dimitrios Aliris, Ioannis Aliris, Christos Aliris, Ioannis Vouzas, Vassilios Karakolis, Athanassios Maltsis, Georgios Metaxas, Georgios Pazaretzos, Ioannis Papageorgiou, Nikolaos Papamanolis, Ioannis Pissoutas, Athanassios Pipsos, Georgios Poulkas, Aggelos Sakellariou, Eleni Samara, Georgios Samaras, Dimitrios Samaras, Konstantinos Samaras, Athanassios Slapakis, Dimitrios Slioupikidis, Athanassios Tzanas, Georgios Totsis, Christos Toumpas, Athanassios Tsimirikos, Nikolaos Chatzivrettas, Christos Chatzidimitrakis


Source:<ref>in Greek: "Obscure Native Macedonian Fighters" published by Company of Macedonian Studies, 2008</ref>
⚫ *''Kastaneri": Georgios Dogiamas, Lazaros Dogiamas, Traianos Dogiamas, Christos Dogiamas, Traianos Touloupis,


⚫ *''Goumenissa'': Dimitrios Aliris, Ioannis Aliris, Christos Aliris, Ioannis Vouzas, Vassilios Karakolis, Athanassios Maltsis, Georgios Metaxas, Georgios Pazaretzos, Ioannis Papageorgiou, Nikolaos Papamanolis, Ioannis Pissoutas, Athanassios Pipsos, Georgios Poulkas, Aggelos Sakellariou, Eleni Samara, Georgios Samaras, Dimitrios Samaras, Konstantinos Samaras, Athanassios Slapakis, Dimitrios Slioupikidis, Athanassios Tzanas, Georgios Totsis, Christos Toumpas, Athanassios Tsimirikos, Nikolaos Chatzivrettas, Christos Chatzidimitrakis
⚫ *''Karpi": Athanassios Zaras, Athanassios Betsis, Traianos Partoulas, Georgios Softsis, Traianos Softsis,
⚫ *''Kastaneri'': Georgios Dogiamas, Lazaros Dogiamas, Traianos Dogiamas, Christos Dogiamas, Traianos Touloupis,

⚫ *''Karpi'': Athanassios Zaras, Athanassios Betsis, Traianos Partoulas, Georgios Softsis, Traianos Softsis,
*''Griva": Ioannis Ekonomou, Christos Poulkas, Christos Pipsos *''Griva'': Ioannis Ekonomou, Christos Poulkas, Christos Pipsos


=====Bulgarian Macedonian fighters===== =====Bulgarian Macedonian fighters=====
*''Goumenissa'': Ichko Boychev (1882–1960),<ref>Христо Григоров, Ичко Бойчев - горноджумайският войвода. Живот и революционно дело /1882-1960/, Библиотека Македония, София 1999, ISBN 954-679-104-0 *''Goumenissa'': Ichko Boychev (1882–1960),<ref>Христо Григоров, Ичко Бойчев - горноджумайският войвода. Живот и революционно дело /1882-1960/, Библиотека Македония, София 1999, {{ISBN|954-679-104-0}}
</ref> Ivan Limonchev,<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 94.</ref> Ivan Alev (1851–1919),<ref>Албум-алманах „Македония“, София, 1931, стр. 110.</ref> Konstantin Dzekov,<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 46.</ref> Mihail Chakov,<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 184.</ref> ], Hristo Shaldev,<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 189-190.</ref> Vangel Gologanov,<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.180.</ref> Gono Azarov,<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.14-15 и 754.</ref> Domitar Shotev,<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.807.</ref> Ivan Karadzov (1870–1913).<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр. 336.</ref> </ref> Ivan Limonchev,<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 94.</ref> ] (1851–1919),<ref>Албум-алманах „Македония“, София, 1931, стр. 110.</ref> Konstantin Dzekov,<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 46.</ref> Mihail Chakov,<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 184.</ref> ], Hristo Shaldev,<ref>Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 189-190.</ref> Vangel Gologanov,<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.180.</ref> Gono Azarov,<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.14-15 и 754.</ref> Domitar Shotev,<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.807.</ref> Ivan Karadzov (1870–1913).<ref>„Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр. 336.</ref>


===Modern Era (1912 - present)=== ===Modern Era (1912 - present)===
{{further|Axis occupation of Greece during World War II}} {{See also|Greece in the Balkan Wars|Axis occupation of Greece during World War II}}
]


During ], late 1915, Franco-British divisions under the command of French General ] marched on Paionia Province. A French Division camped in Goumenissa and built a military hospital, a power station and the famous Fountain in Central Square. During ], late 1915, Franco-British divisions under the command of French General ] marched on ]. A French Division camped in Goumenissa and built a military hospital, a power station and the famous Fountain in Central Square.<ref name=":0" />


The population exchanges among Greece, ], and ] after 1923 resulted in the replacement by Greek refugees from ] and Romilia region of most of the Slavic and Turkish elements.Greek Macedonia experienced radical demographic transformations with the arrival of the Greek refugees; by 1928, 427 families comprising 1,676 inhabitants arrived from Turkey.<ref></ref> The Macedonian-speaking minority in Greek Macedonia, who were referred to by the Greek authorities as “Slavomacedonians”, “Slavophone Greeks” and “Bulgarisants”, were subjected to a gradual assimilation by the Greek majority. Their numbers were reduced by a large-scale emigration to North America in the 1920s and the 1930s and to ] and ] following the ] (1944–1949){{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}. During ] Goumenissa and Central Macedonia were occupied (1941–44) by ]. During the same time a detachment of the pro-Bulgarian paramilitary organization ] was formed.<ref></ref> After 1923 the ] and ] population exchange, ] from ], ] and ] resettled in the region in exchange with the ] and ] populations. ] experienced a demographic change with the arrival of the ]; by 1928, 427 families comprising 1,676 inhabitants arrived from Asia Minor. The Slavic-speaking minority in ], who were referred to by the Greek authorities as “]” or “]”, were subjected to a gradual assimilation by the Greek majority. Their numbers were reduced by a large-scale emigration to North America in the 1920s and the 1930s and to ] and ] following the ] (1944–1949){{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}. During ] Goumenissa and ] were occupied (1941–44) by ]. During the same time a detachment of the pro-Bulgarian ] paramilitary organization ] was formed.<ref></ref>


In the 1950s there was a massive emigration to the ], ], ], ] and other Greek cities, mainly to Thessaloniki and Athens. In the 1980s many civil war refugees were allowed to re-emigrate. In the 1950s there was a massive emigration to the ], ], ], ] and other Greek cities, mainly to Thessaloniki and Athens. In the 1980s many civil war refugees were allowed to re-emigrate.
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==Landmarks== ==Landmarks==
]
]
]
]


*Central Square *Central Square
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==Demographics== ==Demographics==
According to the , as of 2001, Goumenissa was the third largest town in population in Kilkis Prefecture, with an estimated population of 4,073. According to the ], in 2001 Goumenissa was the town with the third largest population in Kilkis Prefecture, with an estimated population of 4,073.
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
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==Economy== ==Economy==
Goumenissa is a famous wine ] with ''Appellation d’origine de Qualite Superieure'' Goumenissa is a famous wine ] with ''Appellation d’origine de Qualite Superieure'', centre of a region that has been renowned for the quality of its wines for hundreds of years.
,centre of a region that has been renowned for the quality of its wines for hundreds of years.


==Culture== ==Culture==
Goumenissa as filming location: Goumenissa as filming location:
*1986 ] (Greek: Ο Μελισσοκόμος) *1986: ] (Greek: Ο Μελισσοκόμος)
**Director:] **Director:]
**Cast: ], ], ], ] **Cast: ], ], ], ]
*1981 The Factory (Greek: Το Εργοστάσιο)(French ''L'usine'') *1981: The Factory (Greek: Το Εργοστάσιο)(French ''L'usine'')
**Director:Tasos Psaras **Director:Tasos Psaras
**Cast: Vasilis Kolovos, Dimitra Hatoupi **Cast: Vasilis Kolovos, Dimitra Hatoupi
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|- |-
!Club !Club
!Greek subgroup
!Origin
!Founded !Founded
!Activities !Activities
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|] |]
|1975 |1975
|Choruses, tradiotional dancing groups |Choruses, traditional dancing groups
|Goumenissa |Goumenissa
|- |-
|Diogenis Sinopeys (''Διογένης ο Συνοπεύς'') |Diogenis Sinopeus (''Διογένης ο Συνοπεύς'')
|] |]
|1982 |1982
|Traditional dancing groups |Traditional dancing groups
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|- |-
|Agios Trifon (''Ο Άγιος Τρύφων'') |Agios Trifon (''Ο Άγιος Τρύφων'')
|]
|Greeks from Romilia region
|1979 |1979
|Traditional dancing groups |Traditional dancing groups
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|] |]
|1983 |1983
|Tradiotional dancing groups |Traditional dancing groups
|Griva |Griva
|- |-
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|] |]
|1990 |1990
|Tradiotional dancing groups |Traditional dancing groups
|Stathis |Stathis
|- |-
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|- |-
|Filyria (''Η Φιλυριά'') |Filyria (''Η Φιλυριά'')
|] |]
| |
|Traditional dancing groups |Traditional dancing groups
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|- |-
|Α.Ο.Γ. (''Αθλητικός Όμιλος Γουμένισσας'') |Α.Ο.Γ. (''Αθλητικός Όμιλος Γουμένισσας'')
|] |]
|1981 |1981
| |
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==Transportation== ==Transportation==
Goumenissa is accessed Goumenissa is accessed
*From Athens with GR-1/E75 to Polykastron Interchange * From Athens with GR-1/E75 to Polykastron Interchange
*From Thessaloniki with E86 to Gefyra Junction then E75 to Polykastron Interchange or E86 to Intetchange after 1&nbsp;km from Nea Pella * From Thessaloniki with E86 to Gefyra Junction then E75 to Polykastron Interchange or E86 to Intetchange after 1&nbsp;km from Nea Pella
*From ] and ] with GR-4/GR-2/E90 (] motorway) to Chalastra Interchange then E75 to Polykastron Interchange * From ] and ] with GR-4/GR-2/E90 (] motorway) to Chalastra Interchange then E75 to Polykastron Interchange
*From the ] with E75 to Polykastron Interchange * From the ] with E75 to Polykastron Interchange
⚫ * By bus from Athens and Thessaloniki

⚫ * By railway from Thessaloniki and ] to Polykastron Station 15&nbsp;km from Goumenissa
⚫ *By bus from Athens and Thessaloniki
⚫ * By air from ] (]) Thessaloniki. If you have a private plane 15&nbsp;km from Goumenissa
⚫ *By railway from Thessaloniki and ] to Polykastron Station 15&nbsp;km from Goumenissa
⚫ *By air from ] (]) Thessaloniki.If you have a private plane 15&nbsp;km from Goumenissa


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
* {{el icon}} * {{in lang|el}}
* {{el icon}} * {{in lang|el}}
* *


{{Paionia div}} {{Paionia div}}


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Municipal unit in Macedonia, Greece
Goumenissa Γουμένισσα
Municipal unit
Goumenissa is located in GreeceGoumenissaGoumenissaLocation within the regional unit
Coordinates: 40°56′N 22°27′E / 40.933°N 22.450°E / 40.933; 22.450
CountryGreece
Geographic regionMacedonia
Regional unitKilkis
MunicipalityPaionia
Area
 • Municipal unit208.9 km (80.7 sq mi)
Elevation268 m (879 ft)
Population
 • Municipal unit5,157
 • Municipal unit density25/km (64/sq mi)
 • Community3,292
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code613 00
Area code(s)2343
Vehicle registrationΚΙ
Websitewww.goumenissa.eu

Goumenissa (Greek: Γουμένισσα [ɣuˈme̞nisa]) is a small traditional town in the Kilkis regional unit, Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the Paionia Municipality, of which it is a community and a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 208.949km. The 2021 census recorded 3,292 residents in the community and 5,157 residents in the municipal unit. The town sits on the southeastern part of the Paiko mountain range. Located 69 km northwest of Thessaloniki, 539 km north of Athens and 20 km north of Pella, the ancient capital of the Greek kingdom of Macedonia. Goumenissa is the seat of the Greek Orthodox diocese of Goumenissa, Axioupoli and Polykastro.

Goumenissa has narrow streets lined with traditional houses and is renowned for a wide range of things; apart from its preindustrial monuments built beside lush springs, there are traditional wineries which prove the expertise of this small country town to produce good quality wine. It is known for its folklore museum, its impromptu brass bands (Τα Χάλκινα της Γουμένισσας Ta Chalkina tis Goumenissas) and its customs, events and fetes, all of them are reflective of the traditional lifestyle.

Name

There are a lot of versions of the origin of the name Goumenissa. According to the local tradition, robbers hung the Abbot (Greek: Ηγούμενος egoumenos) of the abbey, and the city's name, which means place of Abbot derived from this. In Bulgarian, it was called Гуменидже Gumenidzhe.

History

Hellenistic Era

Further information: Hellenistic Greece

The town is located in part of the ancient Paeonia, the exact boundaries of which, like the early history of its inhabitants, are very obscure. According to Herodotus (v. 16), they were Teucrian colonists from Troy. Homer (Iliad, book II, line 848) speaks of Paeonians from the Axios River fighting on the side of the Trojans, but the Iliad does not mention whether the Paeonians were kin to the Trojans. Homer gives the Paeonian leader as a certain Pyraechmes; later on in the Iliad a second leader is mentioned, Asteropaeus son of Pelagon.

Roman Era (146 BC - 330)

Further information: Roman Greece

After the Roman conquest of Macedonia in 146 BC, Paeonia east and west of the Axios formed the second and third districts respectively of the Roman province of Macedonia (Livy xiv. 29). Centuries later under Diocletian, Paeonia and Pelagonia formed a province called Macedonia secunda or Macedonia Salutaris, belonging to the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum.

Byzantine Era (330 - 1387)

Further information: Byzantine Greece
Street of Goumenissa.
Church in Goumenissa.

When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western segments ruled from Constantinople and Rome respectively, Goumenissa came under the control of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire). Goumenissa passed out of Byzantine hands in 1204, when Constantinople was captured by the Fourth Crusade and became part of the Kingdom of Thessalonica - the largest fief of the Latin Empire, covering most of northern and central Greece.

In 1224 it was seized by Theodore Komnenos Doukas, the Greek ruler of Despotate of Epirus. The area was recovered by the Byzantine Empire in 1246. First report with the name Goumenissa we have at the year 1346, at the era of Palaiologos Dynasty. In an Imperial Act of this year, the region of Goumenissa is granted in the Holly Abbey Ibyron of Mount Athos and becomes religious centre because of the Monastery of Virgin Mary. Next to Monastery existed a settlement that little later with the union of small agro-pastoral settlements will create a dynamic town that will be named Goumenissa.

Ottoman Era (1387 - 1912)

Further information: Ottoman Greece
19th century houses.

The Ottomans captured Goumenissa in 1387. Under the rule of the Ottoman Empire the area was characterized self-governed town and acquired privileges because of the important production of buckram, used for the military uniforms of the Ottoman army. Goumenissa prospered during the 19th century and became economic, cultural and religious centre of the region. The famed wine of Goumenissa, made out of local varieties like Xinomavro and Negoska, become popular in the Ottoman Empire and beyond, particularly in Central Europe.

Even though being a town with privileges, it was not uninvolved in the Greek War of Independence of 1821. By the outbreak of the revolution, the Ottoman army conducted searches of premises and found 49 rifles. This led to violent islamization ordered by Pasha of Thessaloniki Abdul Abud. The punishment included the handing over of money, food, animals and carriages.

The Russian slavist Victor Grigorovich in 1845, however, recorded Igumencho as mostly Bulgarian village. The first Bulgarian school was founded in 1866-1867.

Macedonian Struggle

Further information: Macedonian Struggle

By 1899, the Bulgarian komitadjis of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation (IMRO) turned against Ottoman authorities. Gradually, tensions increased among the followers of the Patriarchate of Constantinople (mostly Greeks) and those of the Bulgarian Exarchate (mostly Bulgarians) to the point of armed conflict.

The rioting in Macedonia, the atrocities of Bulgarian komitadjis troops against Greek locals and especially the death of Pavlos Melas (killed by Turks in 1904) caused intense nationalistic feelings in Greece. This led to the decision to send more Greek guerrilla troops in order to thwart Bulgarian efforts.

The village also had supporters of the Bulgarian cause. Notably, 21 persons joined the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps.

Conflicts ended after the revolution of Young Turks in July 1908, as they promised to respect all ethnicities and religions and generally to provide a constitution.

On October 23, 1912, during the course of the First Balkan War Goumenissa was conquered by the Hellenic Army and incorporated into the Kingdom of Greece.

Greek Macedonian fighters

Source:

  • Goumenissa: Dimitrios Aliris, Ioannis Aliris, Christos Aliris, Ioannis Vouzas, Vassilios Karakolis, Athanassios Maltsis, Georgios Metaxas, Georgios Pazaretzos, Ioannis Papageorgiou, Nikolaos Papamanolis, Ioannis Pissoutas, Athanassios Pipsos, Georgios Poulkas, Aggelos Sakellariou, Eleni Samara, Georgios Samaras, Dimitrios Samaras, Konstantinos Samaras, Athanassios Slapakis, Dimitrios Slioupikidis, Athanassios Tzanas, Georgios Totsis, Christos Toumpas, Athanassios Tsimirikos, Nikolaos Chatzivrettas, Christos Chatzidimitrakis
  • Kastaneri: Georgios Dogiamas, Lazaros Dogiamas, Traianos Dogiamas, Christos Dogiamas, Traianos Touloupis,
  • Karpi: Athanassios Zaras, Athanassios Betsis, Traianos Partoulas, Georgios Softsis, Traianos Softsis,
  • Griva: Ioannis Ekonomou, Christos Poulkas, Christos Pipsos
Bulgarian Macedonian fighters
  • Goumenissa: Ichko Boychev (1882–1960), Ivan Limonchev, Ivan Alev (1851–1919), Konstantin Dzekov, Mihail Chakov, Hristo Batandzhiev, Hristo Shaldev, Vangel Gologanov, Gono Azarov, Domitar Shotev, Ivan Karadzov (1870–1913).

Modern Era (1912 - present)

See also: Greece in the Balkan Wars and Axis occupation of Greece during World War II
French fountain, memorial of WWI, at the center of Goumenissa.

During World War I, late 1915, Franco-British divisions under the command of French General Maurice Sarrail marched on Paionia. A French Division camped in Goumenissa and built a military hospital, a power station and the famous Fountain in Central Square.

After 1923 the Greek-Turkish and Greek-Bulgarian population exchange, Greek refugees from East Thrace, Asia Minor and Eastern Rumelia resettled in the region in exchange with the Muslim and Bulgarian populations. Macedonia experienced a demographic change with the arrival of the Asia Minor Greeks; by 1928, 427 families comprising 1,676 inhabitants arrived from Asia Minor. The Slavic-speaking minority in northern Greece, who were referred to by the Greek authorities as “Slavophone Greeks” or “Bulgarisants”, were subjected to a gradual assimilation by the Greek majority. Their numbers were reduced by a large-scale emigration to North America in the 1920s and the 1930s and to Eastern Europe and Yugoslavia following the Greek Civil War (1944–1949). During World War II Goumenissa and Central Macedonia were occupied (1941–44) by Germany. During the same time a detachment of the pro-Bulgarian collaborationist paramilitary organization Ohrana was formed.

In the 1950s there was a massive emigration to the United States, Australia, Canada, West Germany and other Greek cities, mainly to Thessaloniki and Athens. In the 1980s many civil war refugees were allowed to re-emigrate.

Subdivisions

The municipal unit Goumenissa is subdivided into the following communities:

  • Goumenissa (η Γουμένισσα) Town Hall
  • Griva (η Γρίβα)
  • Gerakon (η Γερακών)
  • Karpi (η Κάρπη)
  • Kastaneri (η Καστανερή)
  • Omalos (ο Ομαλός)
  • Pentalofon (το Πεντάλοφον)
  • Stathis (ο Στάθης)
  • Filyria (η Φιλυριά)

Mayors of Goumenissa

Mayor From To Elected Backed by
Christos Karakolis (Χρήστος Καρακόλης) January 1, 1983 December 31, 1990 October 1982 60%, October 1986 52% PASOK, KKE, KKE Interior
Dimitrios Pakos (Δημήτριος Πάκος) January 1, 1991 December 31, 1994 October 1990 53,7% New Democracy
Dimitrios Petsos (Δημήτριος Πέτσος) January 1, 1995 December 31, 1998 October 1994 52,8% PASOK
Vasilios Patsis (Βασίλειος Πάτσης) January 1, 1999 December 31, 2002 October 1998 52,6% New Democracy
Dimitrios Petsos (Δημήτριος Πέτσος) January 1, 2003 December 31, 2006 October 2002 50,96% PASOK
Stylianos Papapanagiotou (Στυλιανός Παπαπαναγιώτου) January 1, 2007 October 2006 52,35% New Democracy

Landmarks

Folklore museum
  • Central Square
  • The French Fountain
  • Square of St. George
  • Small Square
  • Macedonian Folklore Museum (Goumenissa)
  • Silk Factory
  • Boutari Winery, Aidarinis Winery, Domaine Tatsis, Distillery Dimitri Kambouri
  • Two Rivers
  • Traditional mountainous settlement of Kastaneri

Monasteries

  • Monastery of the Virgin Mary at Goumenissa (Est. 1100)

Belongs to: Diocese of Goumenissa

  • Monastery of St. Nikodimos at Pentalofon (Est. 1981)

Dependency of: the Monastery of Simonos Petra, Mount Athos

  • Monastery of St. Raphael, Nicholas & Irene at Griva (Est. 1992)

Belongs to: Diocese of Goumenissa

  • Monastery of St. George at Anydron (Est. 1991) (convent)

Belongs to: Diocese of Goumenissa

Demographics

According to the Hellenic Statistical Authority, in 2001 Goumenissa was the town with the third largest population in Kilkis Prefecture, with an estimated population of 4,073.

District 2001 1991 +/- %
Goumenissa (Γουμένισσα) 4,073 4,163 -2,16
Griva (Γρίβα) 813 779 +4,18
Stathis (Στάθης) 418 465 -10,11
Karpi (Κάρπη) 400 391 +2,30
Gerakon (Γερακών) 286 350 -18,29
Filyria (Φιλυριά) 279 304 -8,22
Kastaneri (Καστανερή) 237 344 -31,10
Pentalofon (Πεντάλοφον) 191 231 -17,32
Omalon (Ομαλόν) 122 145 -15,86
TOTAL 6,819 7,172 -4,92

In Goumenissa live a population of 300 of Rom origin. They live in the south-eastern department of city, which in 1983, with an Act of Municipal Council, was named “Settlement of Saint George”.

Economy

Goumenissa is a famous wine producing region with Appellation d’origine de Qualite Superieure, centre of a region that has been renowned for the quality of its wines for hundreds of years.

Culture

Goumenissa as filming location:

Club Greek subgroup Founded Activities Venue
The Paiones (Οι Παίονες) Greek Macedonians 1975 Choruses, traditional dancing groups Goumenissa
Diogenis Sinopeus (Διογένης ο Συνοπεύς) Pontic Greeks 1982 Traditional dancing groups Goumenissa
Agios Trifon (Ο Άγιος Τρύφων) Eastern Roumelian Greeks 1979 Traditional dancing groups Goumenissa
Agios Georgios (Άγιος Γεώργιος) Greek Macedonians 1983 Brass Bands Goumenissa
Griva (Πολιτιστικός Σύλλογος Γρίβας) Greek Macedonians 1983 Traditional dancing groups Griva
Makedones (Οι Μακεδόνες) Greek Macedonians 1990 Traditional dancing groups Stathis
To Paiko (Το Πάικο) Greek Macedonians Kastaneri
Filyria (Η Φιλυριά) Pontic Greeks Traditional dancing groups Filyria

Sport clubs

Club Sport Founded League Venue
Paiko Goumenissas (Πάικο Γουμένισσας) Football 1950 A' Erasitehniki: Hellenic Football Federation Stadium of Goumenissa
Makedonikos Grivas (Μακεδονικός Γρίβας) Football 1978 B' Erasitehniki: Hellenic Football Federation Stadium of Griva
Heracles Karpis (Ηρακλής Κάρπης) Football B' Erasitehniki: Hellenic Football Federation Stadium of Karpi
Astrapi Stathis (Αστραπή Στάθη) Football Γ' Erasitehniki: Hellenic Football Federation Stadium of Stathis
Keravnos Filyrias (Κεραυνός Φιλυριάς) Football Γ' Erasitehniki: Hellenic Football Federation Stadium of Filyria
A.O.K.(Αθλητικός Όμιλος Καλαθοσφαιριστών) Basketball 1981 Γ : Hellenic Basketball Federation Gym Stadium of Goumenissa
Α.Ο.Γ. (Αθλητικός Όμιλος Γουμένισσας) Athletics 1981 Hellenic Amateur Athletic Association Stadium of Goumenissa

Climate

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Avg Maximum temp 9 10 13 18 23 28 31 30 26 21 14 10
Avg Minimum temp 1 2 5 7 12 16 18 18 15 11 6 2
Rainfall (mm) 40 38 43 35 43 30 22 20 27 45 58 50
Record temperatures 20 22 25 31 36 39 42 39 36 32 27 26

Transportation

Goumenissa is accessed

References

  1. ^ "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  2. "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  3. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-21.
  4. Ιερά Μητρόπολις Γουμενίσσης, Αξιουπόλεως & Πολυκάστρου (in Greek)
  5. ^ Κουκουμακας, Κωστας (2015-04-07). "Γουμένισσα / Κιλκίς: Χάλκινα και βόλτες στη φύση". Kathimerini (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  6. J. Robinson Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes pg 127 Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 0198600984
  7. Григоровичъ, В. Очеркъ путешествія по Европейской Турціи, Москва, 1877, стр.91.
  8. Кирил патриарх Български. Българската екзархия в Одринско и Македония след Освободителната война 1877-1878. Том първи, книга втора, стр. 28.
  9. „Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр. 840.(Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps. Staff according to documents from Directorate Central Military Archives, Sofia 2006, p. 840.)
  10. in Greek: "Obscure Native Macedonian Fighters" published by Company of Macedonian Studies, 2008
  11. Христо Григоров, Ичко Бойчев - горноджумайският войвода. Живот и революционно дело /1882-1960/, Библиотека Македония, София 1999, ISBN 954-679-104-0
  12. Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 94.
  13. Албум-алманах „Македония“, София, 1931, стр. 110.
  14. Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 46.
  15. Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 184.
  16. Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София, 2001, стр. 189-190.
  17. „Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.180.
  18. „Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.14-15 и 754.
  19. „Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр.807.
  20. „Македоно-одринското опълчение 1912-1913 г. Личен състав“, Главно управление на архивите, 2006, стр. 336.
  21. Мичев, Добрин. Българското национално дело в Югозападна Македония (1941 – 1944 г.)

External links

Subdivisions of the municipality of Paionia
Municipal unit of Axioupoli
Municipal unit of Evropos
  • Agios Petros
  • Evropos
  • Mesia
  • Polypetro
  • Toumpa
Municipal unit of Goumenissa
Municipal unit of Livadia
Municipal unit of Polykastro
Categories: