Misplaced Pages

Raju: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 03:09, 21 March 2014 view sourceSitush (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, File movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers260,192 edits Reverted good faith edits by Harshavardhanvarma (talk): How many more times? (TW)← Previous edit Latest revision as of 19:42, 26 October 2024 view source R0paire-wiki (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users4,633 edits Undid revision 1253574441 by Sharma Govinda (talk) rv disruptive editingTag: Undo 
(566 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{pp|small=yes}}
⚫ {{for|the village in Iran|Raju, Iran}}
{{Short description|Raju, Telugu Caste}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes|expiry=08:49, 21 February 2015 (UTC)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
⚫ {{for multi|the village in Iran|Raju, Iran|other uses|Raju (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox caste {{Infobox caste
| caste_name = Raju | caste_name = Raju
Line 7: Line 12:
| religions = | religions =
}} }}
The '''Raju''' (or '''Rajulu'''{{cn|date=March 2014}}) are a ] caste found mostly in the Indian state of ]. The '''Raju''' are a ] caste found mostly in the Indian state of ].


==Varna Status==
==Etymology and claims of Kshatriya status==
The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims ] status in the ''varna'' system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 |first=A. |last=Satyanarayana |title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India |editor-first=Sabyasachi |editor-last=Bhattacharya |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2002 |isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC |page=53 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The anthropologist Minna Säävälä glosses the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya",<ref>{{cite book|first=Minna |last=Säävälä |title=Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=c9FwQxGqwOUC&pg=PA16 |accessdate=4 March 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7007-1484-1 |page=xvi}}</ref> but does not provide an explanation or source for this description. }} They also claim descent from the ancient royal dynasties of India such as the ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite book| title=A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa |first=B.V |last= Krishnarao |year=1942 |publisher=V. Ramaswami Sastrulu |isbn= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ONSCAAAAIAAJ&q=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa&dq=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa |page=258}}</ref> The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims ] status in the ] system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 |first=A. |last=Satyanarayana |title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India |editor-first=Sabyasachi |editor-last=Bhattacharya |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2002 |isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC |page=53 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>{{efn|The anthropologist Minna Säävälä ] the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya",<ref>{{cite book|first=Minna |last=Säävälä |title=Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c9FwQxGqwOUC&pg=PA16 |access-date=4 March 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-7007-1484-1 |page=xvi}}</ref> but does not provide an explanation or source for this description.}}


''Raju'' is a ] variant of the ] title '']'', a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Austin Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being ''Raju'' is a ] variant of the ] title '']'', a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being:
{{quote|...most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince.<ref name="talbot" />}} {{quote|...most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince.<ref name="talbot" />}}


In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular ]s, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the ] four-fold ] system and in that sense could not refer to a ].<ref name="talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=57–58 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref> However, they do appear to have conformed to In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular ]s, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the ] four-fold varna system and in that sense could not refer to a ].<ref name="talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=57–58 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref> However, they do appear to have conformed to
{{quote|...the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation.<ref name="Talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |page=61 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>}} {{quote|...the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation.<ref name="Talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |page=61 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}


Temple inscriptions from the period of the ], a ]n dynasty that ruled most of the Telugu speaking lands covered by current day ], ] from 1083 CE to 1323 CE,<ref>Gribble, J.D.B., History of the Deccan, 1896, Luzac and Co., London</ref> refer both to royal and clerical ''rajus'' as donors, together with peasant leaders called '']''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |page=112 |accessdate=2014-03-4}}</ref> Temple inscriptions from the period of the ], a ]n dynasty that flourished between 1175-1324 CE in the Telugu-speaking lands now in Andhra Pradesh, refer both to royal and clerical ''rajus'' as donors, together with peasant leaders called '']''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=17, 112 |access-date=2014-03-04}}</ref>

==Ethnonyms==
Over the centuries they have been called by various alternative names that signified their military status. During the ] they were known as ''Ratsas'' and ''Rajavars'', which means of or belonging to the caste of ''Ratsawars''<ref name="Maclean1877">{{cite book|author=C. D. Maclean|title=Standing information regarding the official administration of the Madras presidency in each department: in illustration of the yearly administration reports|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=23gdAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA341|accessdate=25 July 2011|year=1877|publisher=E. Keys|pages=341–}}</ref> (Raja Caste),<ref name="ChandraUniversity1977">{{cite book|author1=Satish Chandra|author2=Sri Venkatesvara University|title=Sri Rebala Lakshminarasa Reddy Endowment lectures, 1976|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PkAtAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=25 July 2011|date=1977*|publisher=Sri Venkateswara University}}</ref> using the title of ''Raju''.<ref>{{cite book| title=A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa |first=B.V |last= Krishnarao |year=1942 |publisher=V. Ramaswami Sastrulu |isbn= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ONSCAAAAIAAJ&q=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa&dq=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa |page=269}}</ref>

From the medieval period, the term "Andhra Kshatriya" has been used synonymously with Rachavaru, Rajus and Telugu Kshatriya.<ref name=Krishnarao>{{cite book| title=A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa |first=B.V |last= Krishnarao |year=1942 |isbn= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ONSCAAAAIAAJ |page=149,159 |publisher=V. Ramaswami Sastrulu}}</ref>{{qn|date=March 2014}}


==Modern community== ==Modern community==


===Population=== ===Population===
A report published by the ] in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the ] and ] they were A report published by the ] in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the ] and ] they were
{{quote|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories |first=K. |last=Srinivasulu |page=3 |location=London |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf |isbn=0-85003-612-7 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>}} {{quote|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite book |title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories |first=K. |last=Srinivasulu |page=3 |location=London |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf |isbn=0-85003-612-7 |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}

⚫ {{As of|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India |first=K. C. |last=Suri |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |location=London |date=September 2002 |page=10 |isbn=0-85003-613-5 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>

A well-known contemporary "Raju (Kshatriya)" was ].<ref>N. Suman Bhat (2005), ''Saints of the masses'', Sura Books, p.82</ref>


⚫ {{As of|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India |first=K. C. |last=Suri |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |location=London |date=September 2002 |page=10 |isbn=0-85003-613-5 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf |access-date=2012-02-29}}</ref>
⚫ ==Notes==
⚫ {{reflist|group=note|2}}


==References== ==References==
⚫ '''Notes'''
{{reflist|2}}
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
⚫ {{reflist}}


] ]
] ]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 19:42, 26 October 2024

Raju, Telugu Caste

For the village in Iran, see Raju, Iran. For other uses, see Raju (disambiguation).
Raju
LanguagesTelugu
Populated statesAndhra Pradesh

The Raju are a Telugu caste found mostly in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Varna Status

The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims Kshatriya status in the varna system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.

Raju is a Telugu language variant of the Sanskrit title Raja, a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being:

...most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince.

In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular Brahmins, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the Vedic four-fold varna system and in that sense could not refer to a caste. However, they do appear to have conformed to

...the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation.

Temple inscriptions from the period of the Kakatiya dynasty, a South Indian dynasty that flourished between 1175-1324 CE in the Telugu-speaking lands now in Andhra Pradesh, refer both to royal and clerical rajus as donors, together with peasant leaders called Reddies.

Modern community

Population

A report published by the Overseas Development Institute in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the Kapu and Velama they were

...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.

As of 2002 the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the coastal region.

References

Notes

  1. The anthropologist Minna Säävälä glossarises the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya", but does not provide an explanation or source for this description.

Citations

  1. Satyanarayana, A. (2002). "Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947". In Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi (ed.). Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India. Orient Blackswan. p. 53. ISBN 978-81-250-2192-6. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  2. Säävälä, Minna (2001). Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India. Psychology Press. p. xvi. ISBN 978-0-7007-1484-1. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  3. ^ Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-19-513661-6. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  4. Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-513661-6. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  5. Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 17, 112. ISBN 978-0-19-513661-6. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  6. Srinivasulu, K. (September 2002). Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories (PDF). London: Overseas Development Institute. p. 3. ISBN 0-85003-612-7. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  7. Suri, K. C. (September 2002). Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India (PDF). London: Overseas Development Institute. p. 10. ISBN 0-85003-613-5. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
Categories: