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{{Short description|Former governorate of Italian East Africa}}
] Governorate coat of arms.]]
{{Infobox former subdivision
'''Somalia Governorate''' was one of the six ].
| conventional_long_name= Somalia Governorate
| native_name= {{nobold|{{lang|it|Governatorato della Somalia}}}}
| subdivision = ]
| nation = ]
| image_coat = Arms of the Italian Somaliland governorate.svg
| symbol_type = Coat of arms
| image_map= Italian East Africa (1938–1941).svg
| image_map_caption = Somalia (green) within Italian East Africa
| capital = ]
| era= ]<br>]
| life_span = 1936-1941
| event_start = ]
| event1 = ] ]
| date_event1 = 19 August 1940
| date_start = 1 June 1936
| event_end = ]
| date_end = 25 February 1941
| title_leader = ]
| leader1 = ]
| year_leader1 = 1936–1937
| leader2 = {{nowrap|]}}
| year_leader2 = 1937–1940
| leader3 = ]
| year_leader3 = 1940–1941
| leader4 = ]
| year_leader4 = 1941
| p1= Italian Somalia
| flag_p1 = Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg
| p2= Ethiopian Empire
| flag_p2 = Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg
| p3 = British Somaliland
| flag_p3 = Flag of British Somaliland (1903–1950).svg
| s1= British Military Administration (Somaliland)
| flag_s1 = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
| s2= Ethiopian Empire
| flag_s2 = Flag of Ethiopia (1897-1936; 1941-1974).svg
| s3 = British Somaliland
| flag_s3 = Flag of British Somaliland (1903–1950).svg
| stat_pop1 = ca. 1,150,000
}}
'''Somalia Governorate''' was one of the ] of ]. It was formed from the previously separate colony of ], enlarged by the ] region of the conquered ] following the ].


==History== ==History==
] in green. ] (light green) was ].]]
].]]
The Somalia Governorate lasted from 1936 until 1941. Its administrative capital was ]. In 1936, the capital had a population of 50,000 inhabitants, of which nearly 20,000 were ].<ref></ref> The Somalia Governorate lasted from 1936 until 1941. Its administrative capital was ]. In 1936, the capital had a population of 50,000 inhabitants, of which nearly 20,000 were ].<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Santoianni |first=Vittorio |title=Il Razionalismo nelle colonie italiane 1928-1943: La «nuova architettura» delle Terre d'Oltremare |date=2008 |degree=PhD |publisher=Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II |url=http://www.fedoa.unina.it/1881/1/Santoianni_Progettazione_Architettonica.pdf |doi=10.6092/UNINA/FEDOA/1881 |doi-access=free |language=it}}</ref>


By 1941, 30,000 Italians lived in Mogadishu, representing around 33% of the city's total 90,000 residents.<ref name="mnj">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ukPAAAAIAAJ |title=The Americana Annual: An Encyclopedia of Current Events, 1942 |date=1942 |publisher=Americana Corporation |editor-last=McDannald |editor-first=A. H. |location=New York}}</ref> They frequented local Italian schools that the colonial authorities had opened, such as the "Liceum".
⚫ The Italian authorities in 1937 began construction of a paved highway from Mogadishu to ], which was completed in 1940. Other roads were started in 1939, from Mogadishu to the northern Somali coast and to the British ] to the south.<ref></ref>

⚫ The Italian authorities in 1937 began construction of a paved highway from Mogadishu to ], which was completed in 1940. Other roads were started in 1939, from Mogadishu to the northern Somali coast and to the British ] to the south.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cecini |first=Stefano |date=n.d. |title=La realizzazione della rete stradale in Africa orientale italiana (1936-41) |url=http://w3.uniroma1.it/dprs/sites/default/files/16.html |url-status=dead |website=uniroma1.it |language=it |access-date=2012-08-11 |archive-date=2011-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520072755/http://w3.uniroma1.it/dprs/sites/default/files/16.html }}</ref>


Additionally, there was a project to connect Mogadishu with the ], and another to start the construction of an airport on the outskirts of the city. The ports of the capital and of ] further south were also slated for enlargement in 1941. However, the outbreak of ] put a halt to these plans. Additionally, there was a project to connect Mogadishu with the ], and another to start the construction of an airport on the outskirts of the city. The ports of the capital and of ] further south were also slated for enlargement in 1941. However, the outbreak of ] put a halt to these plans.


From 1936 the Mogadishu port started to have a weekly international ship line for passengers, connecting Italian Mogadiscio with ] in ] and ] in ] with the Italian ] and ].<ref></ref> The ] was a transatlantic ship that served the port of Mogadiscio. Later, in 1941 the port was damaged by British bombings during ].
⚫ In the summer of 1940, Italian forces invaded ] and incorporated it into the Somalia Governorate. British troops later re-seized the territory in March 1941.

The colony in the late 1930s was one of the most developed in all ] in terms of the standard of living of the colonists and of the local inhabitants, mainly in the urban areas like the capital and ] & ]. Also a car race circuit was created in the capital: the colonial-era famous ].
By 1940, the ] (called also "Villabruzzi"; currently ]) had a population of 12,000 people, of whom nearly 3,000 were Italian Somalis, and enjoyed a notable level of development with a small manufacturing area with agricultural industries (sugar mills, etc.).<ref></ref> The biggest production of salt in the world was exported from the ''Saline Dante''<ref></ref> of ] in northern Somalia (currently ], then called "Dante").


==Governorates of Italian East Africa== ==Governorates of Italian East Africa==
]

{| class="wikitable sortable" {| class="wikitable sortable"
|- " |- "
Line 23: Line 72:
| ] || Galla e Sidama || ]/Gimma || 4,000,0000 || 11,823|| GS || ] | ] || Galla e Sidama || ]/Gimma || 4,000,0000 || 11,823|| GS || ]
|- |-
| ] || Harar || ] || 1,600,000 || 10,035 || HA || ] | ] || Harar || ] || 1,600,000 || 10,035 || HA || ]
|- |-
| ] <ref name="solomoniccrownheraldry1"></ref> || Scioà || ] || 1,850,000 || 40,698 || SC || ] | ]<ref name="solomoniccrownheraldry1"></ref> || Scioà || ] || 1,850,000 || 40,698 || SC || ]
|- |-
| Somalia Governorate <ref name="solomoniccrownheraldry1"/> || Somalia || ]|| 1,150,000 || 19,200 || SOM || ] | Somalia Governorate <ref name="solomoniccrownheraldry1"/> || Somalia || ]|| 1,150,000 || 19,200 || SOM || ]
|- |-
|} |}

⚫ In the summer of 1940, Italian forces ] ] and incorporated it into the Somalia Governorate. British troops later re-seized the territory in March 1941.


==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*] *]


==Notes== ==Notes==
Line 39: Line 90:


==Bibliography== ==Bibliography==
* G. Pini. ''La strada nell’Africa Orientale Italiana'' in “Quaderni italiani serie xv, L’Africa Italiana” n. 4 *G. Pini. ''La strada nell’Africa Orientale Italiana'' in “Quaderni italiani serie xv, L’Africa Italiana” n. 4

{{Somalia italiana (Colonia)}}


{{coord missing|Italy}} {{coord missing|Italy}}


] ]
]

Latest revision as of 16:07, 13 October 2024

Former governorate of Italian East Africa
Somalia GovernorateGovernatorato della Somalia
Governorate of Italian East Africa
Coat of arms of Somalia Governorate Coat of arms

Somalia (green) within Italian East Africa
CapitalMogadishu
Population 
•  ca. 1,150,000
Government
Governor 
• 1936–1937 Ruggiero Santini
• 1937–1940 Francesco Caroselli
• 1940–1941 Gustavo Pesenti
• 1941 Carlo De Simone
Historical eraInterwar period
World War II
• Created 1 June 1936
• British Somaliland annexed 19 August 1940
• British occupation 25 February 1941
Preceded by Succeeded by
Italian Somalia
Ethiopian Empire
British Somaliland
British Military Administration (Somaliland)
Ethiopian Empire
British Somaliland

Somalia Governorate was one of the six governorates of Italian East Africa. It was formed from the previously separate colony of Italian Somalia, enlarged by the Ogaden region of the conquered Ethiopian Empire following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War.

History

Italian East Africa in green. British Somaliland (light green) was annexed in 1940.

The Somalia Governorate lasted from 1936 until 1941. Its administrative capital was Mogadishu. In 1936, the capital had a population of 50,000 inhabitants, of which nearly 20,000 were Italian Somalis.

By 1941, 30,000 Italians lived in Mogadishu, representing around 33% of the city's total 90,000 residents. They frequented local Italian schools that the colonial authorities had opened, such as the "Liceum".

The Italian authorities in 1937 began construction of a paved highway from Mogadishu to Addis Ababa, which was completed in 1940. Other roads were started in 1939, from Mogadishu to the northern Somali coast and to the British Kenya Colony to the south.

Additionally, there was a project to connect Mogadishu with the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway, and another to start the construction of an airport on the outskirts of the city. The ports of the capital and of Kismayo further south were also slated for enlargement in 1941. However, the outbreak of World War II put a halt to these plans.

From 1936 the Mogadishu port started to have a weekly international ship line for passengers, connecting Italian Mogadiscio with Massaua in Eritrea and Genova in Italy with the Italian Lloyd Triestino and Italian Line. The MS Vulcania was a transatlantic ship that served the port of Mogadiscio. Later, in 1941 the port was damaged by British bombings during World War II.

The colony in the late 1930s was one of the most developed in all Africa in terms of the standard of living of the colonists and of the local inhabitants, mainly in the urban areas like the capital and Genale & Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi. Also a car race circuit was created in the capital: the colonial-era famous Mogadiscio circuit.

By 1940, the Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi (called also "Villabruzzi"; currently Jowhar) had a population of 12,000 people, of whom nearly 3,000 were Italian Somalis, and enjoyed a notable level of development with a small manufacturing area with agricultural industries (sugar mills, etc.). The biggest production of salt in the world was exported from the Saline Dante of Hafun Salt Factory in northern Somalia (currently Hafun, then called "Dante").

Governorates of Italian East Africa

1936-1941 detailed Somalia Governorate map, with the Ogaden region annexed
English Italian Capital Total population Italians Tag Coat of Arms
Amhara Governorate Amara Gondar 2,000,000 11,103 AM
Eritrea Governorate Eritrea Asmara 1,500,000 72,408 ER
Galla-Sidamo Governorate Galla e Sidama Jimma/Gimma 4,000,0000 11,823 GS
Harrar Governorate Harar Harrar 1,600,000 10,035 HA
Scioa Governorate Scioà Addis Abeba 1,850,000 40,698 SC
Somalia Governorate Somalia Mogadishu 1,150,000 19,200 SOM

In the summer of 1940, Italian forces conquered British Somaliland and incorporated it into the Somalia Governorate. British troops later re-seized the territory in March 1941.

See also

Notes

  1. Santoianni, Vittorio (2008). Il Razionalismo nelle colonie italiane 1928-1943: La «nuova architettura» delle Terre d'Oltremare (PDF) (PhD thesis) (in Italian). Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. doi:10.6092/UNINA/FEDOA/1881.
  2. McDannald, A. H., ed. (1942). The Americana Annual: An Encyclopedia of Current Events, 1942. New York: Americana Corporation.
  3. Cecini, Stefano (n.d.). "La realizzazione della rete stradale in Africa orientale italiana (1936-41)". uniroma1.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2012-08-11.
  4. Ship lines of Mogadishu port (in Italian)
  5. Article with photos on a 2005 visit to 'Villaggio Duca degli Abruzzi' and areas of former Italian Somaliland (in italian)
  6. Biggest salt factory in 1940 world (in Italian)
  7. "Istat 1940"
  8. ^ Apis Networks - Engineered Hosting

Bibliography

  • G. Pini. La strada nell’Africa Orientale Italiana in “Quaderni italiani serie xv, L’Africa Italiana” n. 4
Italian Somaliland
Main authorities
Governors
General history
Infrastructure
Related articles
Colonial troops

Categories: