Misplaced Pages

Stojan Janković: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 23:04, 26 April 2014 editAntidiskriminator (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers58,480 edits unexplained change← Previous edit Latest revision as of 19:22, 23 November 2024 edit undoJingiby (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers62,400 edits Rv. not an improvement.Tag: Undo 
(163 intermediate revisions by 80 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Commander of irregular troops in the Venetian army}}
{{family name hatnote|Janković|Mitrović|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Infobox military person {{Infobox military person
|name=Stojan Janković Mitrović<br><small>Стојан Јанковић Митровић</small> |name = Stojan Janković Mitrović
|native_name = Стојан Јанковић Митровић
|image=Стојан Јанковић.jpg |image = Стојан Јанковић.jpg
|caption=Portrait, oil painting |caption = Portrait, oil painting
|nickname= |nickname =
|birth_date=1636 |birth_date = 1636
|death_date=1687 |death_date = 23 August 1687
|birth_place=Budin, ], Republic of Venice |birth_place = somewhere in ], ]
|death_place=], ], Ottoman Empire |death_place =], ], ]
|allegiance={{flag|Republic of Venice}} |allegiance = {{flag|Republic of Venice}}
|serviceyears=1669 - 1687 |serviceyears = 1669–1687
|rank =
|rank=''capo principale'' (Venetian)<br>''harambaša / serdar'' (Serbian)<br>] (English translation)
*''capo principale''
|unit="''Morlach army''" (Dalmatian Serb ]s)
*''harambaša'' (bandit leader)
|battles=<nowiki></nowiki>
*''serdar''
⚫ *]
|unit=]
*] (part of ])
|battles=
⚫ *]
*] (1684–1699)
}} }}


'''Stojan Janković Mitrović''' ({{lang-sr|Стојан Јанковић Митровић}}{{Cref2|a}}; 1636–1687) was the commander of the ] army (''Morlach army''), in the service of the ], from 1669 until his death in 1687. He participated in the ] and ], as the supreme commander of the Venetian Serb troops, of which he is enumerated in ].<ref name=LING/> He was one of the three best-known '']/hajduk'' leaders of ]. '''Stojan Janković Mitrović''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Стојан Јанковић Митровић}};{{Cref2|a}} also known as ''Stoian Jancovich Mitrovich'',<ref> {{in lang|hr}}</ref> ''Stoian Mitrovich'',<ref> {{in lang|sr}}</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711055647/https://casopiskult.com/kult/carte-diem/jankovic-stojan-odnos-istorije-i-fikcije/ |date=2018-07-11 }} {{in lang|sr}}</ref> ''Stoiano Mitrovich'';<ref name="Magas"/> about 1636 – 23 August 1687) was the commander of the ] in the service of the ], from 1669 until his death in 1687. He participated in the ] and ], as the supreme commander of the Venetian Morlach troops, of which he is enumerated in Croatian and ].<ref name=LING/> He was one of the best-known ]/] leaders of ].


==Life== ==Life==

===Origin=== ===Origin===
Stojan was born in ca. 1636, in the village of ], in the mountainous ], above the ] river, not far from the ].<ref name=Berber2/> The village itself lied above the ], from where Serbs had long "jumped into" (i.e. ]) the ], the Venetian-Ottoman border for centuries; it is thought that Mitar (or Dmitar<ref name=Berber3/>), Stojan's paternal grandfather and eponymous founder of the family, had come from the Dinara.<ref name=Berber2/> His father was '']'' ] (1613–1659), another renowned anti-Ottoman rebel in Venetian service, noted commander of the ''Morlach army'' in the ].<ref name=Berber3/> His uncle ] (Janko's older brother) was also a ''harambaša'' in Venetian service.<ref name=Berber3/> Stojan had two brothers (] and ]) and a sister.<ref name=Berber2/> In 1648, when the Ottoman army took their village, the '']'' and 70 other Žegar families settled in the small village of ] near ], under Venetian control.<ref name=Berber2/> Stojan was born in ca. 1636, somewhere in the mountainous ] in northern ],{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} modern-day ], presumably in the village of ],<ref name=Berber2/> or Zelengrad.<ref name="Magas">{{cite book |title=Prostor i vrijeme knezova Posedarskih: Zemljopisna obilježja i povijesni razvoj Općine Posedarje (Posedarje, Slivnica, Vinjerac, Podgradina, Islam Latinski, Ždrilo i Grgurice) |author1=Damir Magaš |author2=Josip Brtan |location=Zadar |publisher=Sveučilište u Zadru, Centar za istraživanje krša i priobalja, Odjel za geografiju, Hrvatsko geografsko društvo Zadar |year=2015 |language=Croatian |isbn=978-953-331-059-6 |pages=283–288}}</ref> The village itself lied above the Žegar field, from where the population had long "jumped into" (i.e. ]) the ], the Venetian-Ottoman border for centuries. His father was '']'' ] (1613–1659), another renowned anti-Ottoman rebel in Venetian service, noted commander of the ''Morlach army'' in the ].<ref name=Berber3/> Stojan had two brothers (Ilija and Zaviša Janković) and a sister Ana.<ref name=Berber2/><ref name="Magas"/> The family of Stojan Janković belonged to Serb Orthodox community and their family ] was ].<ref>{{cite book|last=Јачов|first=Марко|title=Историјски часопис 29-30 (1982-1983)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8hqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA228|date=1 August 1983|publisher=Istorijski institut|page=228|quote= .....али је познато да су браћа Јанковић остала верна својој вери и саградили цркву у селу Исламу, и посветили је крсној слави Ђурђевдану.}}</ref>


===Cretan War and peacetime=== ===Cretan War and peacetime===
{{further|Cretan War}} {{Further|Cretan War (1645–1669)}}
] family.]]
⚫ Stojan began fighting alongside his father and ] early on, in the Cretan War. Ilija, as the most experienced, was named ''serdar'' in 1648 after his own father, ] had died.<ref name=Berber3>Berber (2004), p. 3</ref> In 1650, Stojan begins to receive a pay of 4 ducats, in 1653 the pay is raised to 6. In February 1659, at the ] river, both leaders Janko and Ilija Smiljanić succumb to wounds after battling the Turks. The same year, the well experienced 23-year-old Stojan is chosen as leader by the band. As leader, he constantly takes part in battles in the ]. He was known to have defeated several Turkish contingents, and even himself slew the commanders, among which are notable: Ali-beg Durakbegović, Redžep-aga Filipović, aga Velagić, aga Pajalitović and Ibrahim-aga Kovačević.<ref>''Baština dvora Jankovića'' (2006), p. 92</ref> In 1666, during fighting in ], where ''agas'' Atlagić, Čengić and Baraković fell, he was captured by the Ottomans and spent 14 months in Constantinople as a slave, before escaping and returning home.<ref name=Berber2/> For his deeds, he was awarded a title and an estate in Ravni Kotari.<ref name=Berber2/>

⚫ Stojan began fighting alongside his father and ] early on as a fifteen year old,<ref name="Magas"/> in the Cretan War. Ilija, as the most experienced, was named '']'' in 1648 after his own father, Petar Smiljanić had died.<ref name=Berber3>Berber (2004), p. 3</ref> In 1650, Stojan begins to receive a payment of 4 ducats,<ref name="Magas"/> in 1653 the pay is raised to 6. In February 1659, at the ] river, both leaders Janko and Ilija Smiljanić succumb to wounds after battling the Turks. The same year, the well experienced 23-year-old Stojan is chosen as leader by the band. As a leader, he constantly takes part in battles in the ]. He was known to have defeated several Turkish contingents, and even himself slew the commanders, among which are notable: Ali-beg Durakbegović, Redžep-aga Filipović, aga Velagić, aga Pajalitović and Ibrahim-aga Kovačević.<ref>''Baština dvora Jankovića'' (2006), p. 92</ref> In 1666, during fighting near ], at the ], where ''agas'' Atlagić, Čengić and Baraković fell, he was captured by the Ottomans and spent 14 months in Constantinople as a slave, before escaping and returning home.<ref name=Berber2/> For his deeds, he was awarded a title and an estate in Ravni Kotari.<ref name=Berber2/>


In the peacetime between the Cretan and Great Turkish War, he was ordered to suppress anti-Ottoman operations in Venetian territory, while in the meantime his brother Ilija left Venetian service and began fighting the Ottomans - this resulted in the brief interrogation of Stojan at Venice.<ref name=Berber2/> In the peacetime between the Cretan and Great Turkish War, he was ordered to suppress anti-Ottoman operations in Venetian territory, while in the meantime his brother Ilija left Venetian service and began fighting the Ottomans - this resulted in the brief interrogation of Stojan at Venice.<ref name=Berber2/>


In 1669-1670, Venice awards him 29 ducats monthly, and among other gifts he received a golden ring ''of St. Mark'', and his two sons became captains.<ref name=Berber2>Berber (2004), p. 2</ref> He was also given ], but lost it in 1671 with new border negotiations of Mahmud Pasha and Giann Battista. A truce ensured 1670-1684. In 1672, he is mentioned in Orthodox church books in Zadar. In 1681, he is mentioned as ''capo principale di Morlacchi'', <small>transl.</small> "''] of the Morlachs''", with a monthly pay of 25 ducats.<ref>Berber, p. 6</ref> In 1683, his brother Ilija, whom the Venetians failed to implement into their military, instigated a revolt in Dalmatia against the Ottomans, and led the ''hajduks'' in ] and ]. Ilija was poisoned by the Venetians in 1693. In 1669-1670, Venice awards him 29 ducats monthly, and among other gifts he received a golden ring ''of St. Mark'' (becoming a knight of the ]<ref name="Magas"/>), and his two sons became captains.<ref name=Berber2>Berber (2004), p. 2</ref> He was also given a part of ] (where was built ]), but lost it in 1671 with new border negotiations of Mahmud Pasha and Giann Battista. A truce ensured 1670-1684. In 1671 was named as the commander of ].<ref name="Magas"/> After the death of count ], in 1681 became the ''capo principale di Morlacchi'', <small>transl.</small> "''] of the Morlachs''", with a monthly pay of 25 ducats.<ref name="Magas"/><ref>Berber, p. 6</ref> In 1683, his brother Ilija, whom the Venetians failed to implement into their military and since 1680 was banished from Venetian territories because did not respect the Venetian-Ottoman temporary peace on the boundary, instigated a revolt in Dalmatia against the Ottomans, in collaboration with ] of ] revolted with the Venetian and Ottoman Morlachs with the center in Ostrovica. Because of that, Stojan and Zaviša were captured in September of the same year by the Venetians, but Stojan was freed in November. Then the governor-general Lovre Donà helped Stojan, Smoljan Smiljanić, Sorić from ], and Ivan Drašković to stop the revolt.<ref name="Magas"/>


===Morean War (Great Turkish War)=== ===Morean War (Great Turkish War)===
{{further|Morean War}} {{Further|Morean War}}
In 1684, he returned to the battlefield, liberating ], ] and ] by 1686.<ref name=Berber2/> In the summer of 1685, Cosmi, the Archbishop of Split, wrote that Stojan had brought 300 families with him to Dalmatia, and also that around Trogir and Split there were 5000 refugees from Turkish lands, without food - seen as a serious threat to the defense of Dalmatia.<ref name=Ninic80>Ninić, p. 80</ref> ] sent by the ] proved insufficient, and the Serbs were forced to launch expeditions into Turkish territory.<ref name=Ninic80/> During the siege of Hercegnovi, he went with one part of the troops and pillaged the outskirt of Ottoman ], where he was killed in 1687.<ref>Mayhew, p. 72</ref> In 1684, he returned to the battlefield, liberating ], ] and ] by 1686.<ref name=Berber2/> In 1685, helped to free ] and ], participated in operations around ], ], ] and ]. In the summer, Stojan with count Franjo Posedarski had brought 300 families with him from Lika to Dalmatia,<ref name="Magas"/> In July 1686, with Smoljan Smiljanić, commanded 5,000 infantrymen and 1500 horsemen when successfully attacked ] and ]. In the same year, he was allowed to form an overseas military unit in ] under command of his son Colonel Nikola, as well forming a cavalry unit of Croats (''compagnia de Crouati a cavallo'') under command of the other son Konstantin.<ref name="Magas"/> He is credited for the return of the Franciscan order to ], because of which several times charged to ] where were under pressure by Orthodox priests and Ottoman government. During the siege of ], he went with one part of the troops and pillaged the outskirt of Ottoman ] (Duvno), Livno and Glamoč, where he was killed on 23 August 1687.<ref>Mayhew, p. 72</ref><ref name="Magas"/> Venetians wrote of him having "bigger heart than mind", and his name was famous among Turks and Christians, especially among those of "old faith", ie. Orthodox.<ref name="Drago">{{cite book| url=http://www.ffzg.unizg.hr/pov/zavod/triplex2/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ROKSANDIC,%20Triplex%20confinium.pdf| title=Triplex Confinium, Ili O Granicama I Regijama Hrvatske Povijesti 1500-1800| author=Drago Roksandić| location=Zagreb| publisher=Barbat| pages=137–138| year=2003| language=Croatian| quote=Gianco ha piu concetto e valore; la mente pero 'non si proporziona con il cuore; ad ogni modo il suo nome e 'formidabile ai Turchi ed il piu 'accetto ai cristiani, massime del vecchio rito.}}</ref>


==Family== ==Family==
He was married twice, first to Vika with whom he had three children, sons Alojz (Alviža, given from the name of godfather Alvisa Contarini, son of governor-general Petar Contarini), Nikola (died 1687 in ], or 1688) and daughter Stošija (Anastazija). He murdered Vika because of alleged jealousy for possible love scam.<ref name="Magas"/> In 1676 he married second wife Antonia Rezzi (or ''Reci'') of Greek Catholic faith from Zadar,<ref name="Drago"/> and had sons Josip, Konstantin (d. 1692), Slobodan (d. 1866), Janko (d. 1685), Marko (d. 1686), and daughters Marija (d. 1686) and Magdalena (d. 1684). Six of his children, as well his sister Ana, were recorded in the register of the dead of the Catholic ] of ], implying the family was of Catholic faith.<ref name="Magas"/>
With his wife Vinka (or Vuka) he had sons Nikola and Djuradj, and a daughter Anastasija.<ref>Berber (2004), p. 6</ref>


Stojan was awarded a fortification (castle) which had been in the possession of a Turkish landlord named Jusuf Aga Tunić<ref name="Mayhew2008">{{cite book|author=Tea Mayhew|title=Dalmatia Between Ottoman and Venetian Rule: Contado Di Zara, 1645-1718|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqgPAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Viella|isbn=978-88-8334-334-6|page=121|quote=Here is presented a transcription of the original document in the possession of the Desnica family relating to the investiture of Janković-Mitrović family on 1 0th August 1 670 with the houses and property of Yusuf Aga Tunić, which}}</ref> in Islam Grcki, after one of his military victories.<ref name="Plenča1986">{{cite book|author=Dušan Plenča|title=Kninska ratna vremena, 1850-1946: Knin--Drniš--Bukovica--Ravni Kotari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-B0gAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Globus|page=ix|isbn=9788634302271|quote=Sinjorija dodijelila Stojanu Jankoviću imanje Jusuf age Tunića u selu Islamu, ne manjim »od 400 gonjala«}}</ref> This became the Janković family home and in 1675 he commissioned the building of a ] here in the name of ] (] was ] of family of Stojan Janković).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eparhija-dalmatinska.hr/Parohija-IslamGrcki-l.htm |title=Eparhija-dalmatinska |publisher=Eparhija-dalmatinska.hr |date= |accessdate = 5 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Јачов|first=Марко|title=Историјски часопис 29-30 (1982-1983)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8hqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA228|date=1 August 1983|publisher=Istorijski institut|page=228|quote= .....али је познато да су браћа Јанковић остала верна својој вери и саградили цркву у селу Исламу, и посветили је крсној слави Ђурђевдану.}}</ref> The estate was named "Kula Janković" and Stojan made a legal undertaking that it could not be alienated either by marriage, testament or other reason to keep it in the Janković family.
Yugoslav writers ] and ] are descendants of Stojan's youngest brother Zaviša.<ref>Mayhew, p. 18</ref>

His sons Nikola and Konstantin died in their military service, and as his descendants did not have any children his branch soon died out. His brother's Ilija (died poisoned in 1692, or 1694<ref name="Magas"/>) branch also didn't have grandchildren. His sister Ana married to Dmitar Nikolić from ] and had daughter Ana.<ref name="Magas"/> Brother Zaviša had sons Stojan, Ilija and daughter Jelena. All members of the family received the titles of ] by the Doge of Venice ] in 1705 as the heritage of merit of the father Janko and the godfather Stojan. However, Stojan and serdar Ilija died without direct male descendants and the whole estate was inherited by Jelena who married Venetian colonel Teodor Dede, Orthodox Greek from ]. As according to the original 1670 investiture the estate could not have been alienated by marriage, testament, or other, Teodor took the surname Mitrović, the transfer of the surname, nobility and estate was confirmed by Doge ] in 1739, hence creating a branch of Venetian counts Dede Mitrović. The last count was Ilija Dede Mitrović (great-great-grandson, b. in Zadar 1818, d. in ] 1874), whose daughter Olga married Vladimir Desnica, father of Serb writer ] (1886-1945), and grandfather of ] (son of ]). Boško in his archival research had open inclinations toward ] resulting in uncritical translation of Venetian documents (Morlachs became Serbs, family Mitrović became Janković, ignored the mention of Croatian language and name), influencing Serbian historiographical viewpoint which considers Morlachs and Uskoks almost exclusively as Serbian and Serbs.<ref name="Magas"/><ref>Mayhew, p. 18</ref>


==In folk tradition== ==In folk tradition==
*He is enumerated in Serbian epic poetry (''Ropstvo Janković Stojana'', ''Janković Stojan i Smiljanić Ilija'', ''Janko kapetan i turski sužnji'', ''Ženidba Janković Stojana'' etc.), as well work ''Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskog'' (1756) by ].<ref name="Magas"/> The poem ''Ženidba Janković Stojana'' (translated by Élise Voïart) was used by ] for the writing of ''La chute d'un ange'' (1838).<ref name="CroEnc">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Janković, Stojan|encyclopedia=]|url=http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=28694|language=Croatian|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref>
*In the ] "The Wedding of Janković Stojan", he is offered, by a girl called Hajkuna, to become Muslim and share his wealth with her. He responds: "''Don't be foolish, Hajkuna! My God is my witness that I would not become a Turk, even if I was given ] and ]''". The poem ends by Hajkuna being Christianized.<ref name=LING>, 724</ref>
*He is also enumerated in ''Muslim'' (Bosniak) folk poems.<ref name=LING/> *He is also enumerated in ''Muslim'' (Bosniak) folk poems.<ref name=LING>, 724 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723062947/http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/pas/pas2003/pas2003-02.pdf |date=July 23, 2011 }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
{{commonscat}}
*], family estate, fortification in Ravni Kotar *], family estate, fortification in Ravni Kotar
*] (fl. 1648), Serbian military commander in Austrian service *] (fl. 1648), military commander in Venetian service
*], Morlach leader
*] (fl. 1689-1706), Serbian military commander in Austrian service
*], Venetian rebel
*] (fl. 1696-1759), Serbian military commander in Austrian service
*]

*]
⚫ {{s-start}}
*]
⚫ {{s-mil}}
*]
⚫ {{succession box| title=Commander-in-chief of the ''Morlach army''<br><small>(])<br>under ]</small>|
*]
⚫ years=1669-1687|
*]
⚫ before=]|
*]
⚫ after=|}}
*]
⚫ {{s-end}}
*Vuk Močivuna
*Juraj Vranić
*Tadije Vranić


==Notes== ==Notes==
Line 65: Line 78:


==References== ==References==
{{refbegin}}
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}


===Sources=== ===Sources===
{{Refbegin}}
*Berber, S. 2004, "", Norma, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp.&nbsp;151–161. {{sr icon}} *Berber, S. 2004, "", Norma, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp.&nbsp;151–161. {{in lang|sr}}
⚫ *Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006 {{sr icon}}
*Epske narodne pesme, Uskoci, str. 17-43, Beograd, 1965 {{sh icon}} *Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006 {{in lang|sr}}
*Epske narodne pesme, Uskoci, str. 17-43, Beograd, 1965 {{in lang|sh}}
*Rodoslov Jankovića i Desnica vid. Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006, str. 92 {{sr icon}}
⚫ *Rodoslov Jankovića i Desnica vid. Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006, str. 92 {{in lang|sr}}
*Tea Mayhew, ''Dalmatia between Ottoman and Venetian rule: Contado di Zara, 1645-1718'', p.&nbsp;72 {{en icon}}
*Ivan Ninić, ''Migrations in Balkan history'', p.&nbsp;80 {{en icon}} *Tea Mayhew, ''Dalmatia between Ottoman and Venetian rule: Contado di Zara, 1645-1718'', p.&nbsp;72 {{in lang|en}}
{{Refend}}
⚫ *http://www.kulajankovica.hr/?do=jandes {{hr icon}}

{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
⚫ *
⚫ {{s-start}}
⚫ {{s-mil}}
⚫ {{succession box| title=Commander-in-chief of the ''Morlach army''<br>under ]|
⚫ years=1669-1687|
⚫ before=]|
⚫ after=|}}
⚫ {{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
|NAME= Jankovic, Stojan
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Venetian army commander
|DATE OF BIRTH=1637
|PLACE OF BIRTH= Budin, ], Republic of Venice
|DATE OF DEATH=1687
|PLACE OF DEATH= ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jankovic, Stojan}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jankovic, Stojan}}
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
]
]
]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 19:22, 23 November 2024

Commander of irregular troops in the Venetian army In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Janković and the family name is Mitrović.
Stojan Janković Mitrović
Portrait, oil painting
Native nameСтојан Јанковић Митровић
Born1636
somewhere in Bukovica, Republic of Venice
Died23 August 1687
Županjac, Bosnia Eyalet, Ottoman Empire
Allegiance Republic of Venice
Years of service1669–1687
Rank
  • capo principale
  • harambaša (bandit leader)
  • serdar
UnitMorlach troops
Battles / wars

Stojan Janković Mitrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Стојан Јанковић Митровић; also known as Stoian Jancovich Mitrovich, Stoian Mitrovich, Stoiano Mitrovich; about 1636 – 23 August 1687) was the commander of the Morlach troops in the service of the Republic of Venice, from 1669 until his death in 1687. He participated in the Cretan and Great Turkish War, as the supreme commander of the Venetian Morlach troops, of which he is enumerated in Croatian and Serbian epic poetry. He was one of the best-known uskok/hajduk leaders of Dalmatia.

Life

Origin

Stojan was born in ca. 1636, somewhere in the mountainous Bukovica region in northern Dalmatia, modern-day Croatia, presumably in the village of Žegar, or Zelengrad. The village itself lied above the Žegar field, from where the population had long "jumped into" (i.e. guerilla warfare) the Dinara, the Venetian-Ottoman border for centuries. His father was harambaša Janko Mitrović (1613–1659), another renowned anti-Ottoman rebel in Venetian service, noted commander of the Morlach army in the Cretan War (1645–1669). Stojan had two brothers (Ilija and Zaviša Janković) and a sister Ana. The family of Stojan Janković belonged to Serb Orthodox community and their family slava was Đurđevdan.

Cretan War and peacetime

Further information: Cretan War (1645–1669)
The Kula Jankovića (Janković Tower), a fort in which Stojan Janković and his descendants lived. It is now owned by the Desnica family.

Stojan began fighting alongside his father and Ilija Smiljanić early on as a fifteen year old, in the Cretan War. Ilija, as the most experienced, was named serdar in 1648 after his own father, Petar Smiljanić had died. In 1650, Stojan begins to receive a payment of 4 ducats, in 1653 the pay is raised to 6. In February 1659, at the Cetina river, both leaders Janko and Ilija Smiljanić succumb to wounds after battling the Turks. The same year, the well experienced 23-year-old Stojan is chosen as leader by the band. As a leader, he constantly takes part in battles in the Frontier. He was known to have defeated several Turkish contingents, and even himself slew the commanders, among which are notable: Ali-beg Durakbegović, Redžep-aga Filipović, aga Velagić, aga Pajalitović and Ibrahim-aga Kovačević. In 1666, during fighting near Obrovac, at the Cetina River, where agas Atlagić, Čengić and Baraković fell, he was captured by the Ottomans and spent 14 months in Constantinople as a slave, before escaping and returning home. For his deeds, he was awarded a title and an estate in Ravni Kotari.

In the peacetime between the Cretan and Great Turkish War, he was ordered to suppress anti-Ottoman operations in Venetian territory, while in the meantime his brother Ilija left Venetian service and began fighting the Ottomans - this resulted in the brief interrogation of Stojan at Venice.

In 1669-1670, Venice awards him 29 ducats monthly, and among other gifts he received a golden ring of St. Mark (becoming a knight of the Order of Saint Mark), and his two sons became captains. He was also given a part of Islam Grčki (where was built Kula Jankovića), but lost it in 1671 with new border negotiations of Mahmud Pasha and Giann Battista. A truce ensured 1670-1684. In 1671 was named as the commander of Ostrovica Fortress. After the death of count Juraj Posedarski, in 1681 became the capo principale di Morlacchi, transl. "commander-in-chief of the Morlachs", with a monthly pay of 25 ducats. In 1683, his brother Ilija, whom the Venetians failed to implement into their military and since 1680 was banished from Venetian territories because did not respect the Venetian-Ottoman temporary peace on the boundary, instigated a revolt in Dalmatia against the Ottomans, in collaboration with uskoks of Senj revolted with the Venetian and Ottoman Morlachs with the center in Ostrovica. Because of that, Stojan and Zaviša were captured in September of the same year by the Venetians, but Stojan was freed in November. Then the governor-general Lovre Donà helped Stojan, Smoljan Smiljanić, Sorić from Zemunik, and Ivan Drašković to stop the revolt.

Morean War (Great Turkish War)

Further information: Morean War

In 1684, he returned to the battlefield, liberating Sinj, Lika and Krbava by 1686. In 1685, helped to free Gračac and Sinj, participated in operations around Zadvarje, Vrgorac, Čitluk and Ljubuški. In the summer, Stojan with count Franjo Posedarski had brought 300 families with him from Lika to Dalmatia, In July 1686, with Smoljan Smiljanić, commanded 5,000 infantrymen and 1500 horsemen when successfully attacked Livno and Glamoč. In the same year, he was allowed to form an overseas military unit in Levant under command of his son Colonel Nikola, as well forming a cavalry unit of Croats (compagnia de Crouati a cavallo) under command of the other son Konstantin. He is credited for the return of the Franciscan order to Sinj, because of which several times charged to Prozor-Rama where were under pressure by Orthodox priests and Ottoman government. During the siege of Herceg Novi, he went with one part of the troops and pillaged the outskirt of Ottoman Tomislavgrad (Duvno), Livno and Glamoč, where he was killed on 23 August 1687. Venetians wrote of him having "bigger heart than mind", and his name was famous among Turks and Christians, especially among those of "old faith", ie. Orthodox.

Family

He was married twice, first to Vika with whom he had three children, sons Alojz (Alviža, given from the name of godfather Alvisa Contarini, son of governor-general Petar Contarini), Nikola (died 1687 in Levant, or 1688) and daughter Stošija (Anastazija). He murdered Vika because of alleged jealousy for possible love scam. In 1676 he married second wife Antonia Rezzi (or Reci) of Greek Catholic faith from Zadar, and had sons Josip, Konstantin (d. 1692), Slobodan (d. 1866), Janko (d. 1685), Marko (d. 1686), and daughters Marija (d. 1686) and Magdalena (d. 1684). Six of his children, as well his sister Ana, were recorded in the register of the dead of the Catholic župa of Zadar Cathedral, implying the family was of Catholic faith.

Stojan was awarded a fortification (castle) which had been in the possession of a Turkish landlord named Jusuf Aga Tunić in Islam Grcki, after one of his military victories. This became the Janković family home and in 1675 he commissioned the building of a Serbian Orthodox Church here in the name of Saint George (Đurđevdan was slava of family of Stojan Janković). The estate was named "Kula Janković" and Stojan made a legal undertaking that it could not be alienated either by marriage, testament or other reason to keep it in the Janković family.

His sons Nikola and Konstantin died in their military service, and as his descendants did not have any children his branch soon died out. His brother's Ilija (died poisoned in 1692, or 1694) branch also didn't have grandchildren. His sister Ana married to Dmitar Nikolić from Bay of Kotor and had daughter Ana. Brother Zaviša had sons Stojan, Ilija and daughter Jelena. All members of the family received the titles of count by the Doge of Venice Sebastiano Mocenigo in 1705 as the heritage of merit of the father Janko and the godfather Stojan. However, Stojan and serdar Ilija died without direct male descendants and the whole estate was inherited by Jelena who married Venetian colonel Teodor Dede, Orthodox Greek from Heraklion. As according to the original 1670 investiture the estate could not have been alienated by marriage, testament, or other, Teodor took the surname Mitrović, the transfer of the surname, nobility and estate was confirmed by Doge Alvise Pisani in 1739, hence creating a branch of Venetian counts Dede Mitrović. The last count was Ilija Dede Mitrović (great-great-grandson, b. in Zadar 1818, d. in Trieste 1874), whose daughter Olga married Vladimir Desnica, father of Serb writer Boško (1886-1945), and grandfather of Vladan Desnica (son of Uroš Desnica). Boško in his archival research had open inclinations toward Serbdom resulting in uncritical translation of Venetian documents (Morlachs became Serbs, family Mitrović became Janković, ignored the mention of Croatian language and name), influencing Serbian historiographical viewpoint which considers Morlachs and Uskoks almost exclusively as Serbian and Serbs.

In folk tradition

  • He is enumerated in Serbian epic poetry (Ropstvo Janković Stojana, Janković Stojan i Smiljanić Ilija, Janko kapetan i turski sužnji, Ženidba Janković Stojana etc.), as well work Razgovor ugodni naroda slovinskog (1756) by Andrija Kačić Miošić. The poem Ženidba Janković Stojana (translated by Élise Voïart) was used by Alphonse de Lamartine for the writing of La chute d'un ange (1838).
  • He is also enumerated in Muslim (Bosniak) folk poems.

See also

Notes

  1. Name: His given name was Stojan, his father was Janko Mitrović, hence Stojan Janković. His grandfather was Mitar, hence Stojan Mitrović. According to the contemporary naming culture, his name was Stojan Mitrović Janković. In Serb epic poetry, his name is written as Janković Stojan. He is also mentioned in contemporary Venetian sources as Knight Janko (chevalier, sr. kavalir Janko).

References

  1. Janković, Stojan - Hrvatski biografski leksikon (in Croatian)
  2. Stojan Mitrović Janković (in Serbian)
  3. Јанковић Стојан (однос историје и фикције) Archived 2018-07-11 at the Wayback Machine (in Serbian)
  4. ^ Damir Magaš; Josip Brtan (2015). Prostor i vrijeme knezova Posedarskih: Zemljopisna obilježja i povijesni razvoj Općine Posedarje (Posedarje, Slivnica, Vinjerac, Podgradina, Islam Latinski, Ždrilo i Grgurice) (in Croatian). Zadar: Sveučilište u Zadru, Centar za istraživanje krša i priobalja, Odjel za geografiju, Hrvatsko geografsko društvo Zadar. pp. 283–288. ISBN 978-953-331-059-6.
  5. ^ , 724 Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Berber (2004), p. 2
  7. ^ Berber (2004), p. 3
  8. Јачов, Марко (1 August 1983). Историјски часопис 29-30 (1982-1983). Istorijski institut. p. 228. .....али је познато да су браћа Јанковић остала верна својој вери и саградили цркву у селу Исламу, и посветили је крсној слави Ђурђевдану.
  9. Baština dvora Jankovića (2006), p. 92
  10. Berber, p. 6
  11. Mayhew, p. 72
  12. ^ Drago Roksandić (2003). Triplex Confinium, Ili O Granicama I Regijama Hrvatske Povijesti 1500-1800 (PDF) (in Croatian). Zagreb: Barbat. pp. 137–138. Gianco ha piu concetto e valore; la mente pero 'non si proporziona con il cuore; ad ogni modo il suo nome e 'formidabile ai Turchi ed il piu 'accetto ai cristiani, massime del vecchio rito.
  13. Tea Mayhew (2008). Dalmatia Between Ottoman and Venetian Rule: Contado Di Zara, 1645-1718. Viella. p. 121. ISBN 978-88-8334-334-6. Here is presented a transcription of the original document in the possession of the Desnica family relating to the investiture of Janković-Mitrović family on 1 0th August 1 670 with the houses and property of Yusuf Aga Tunić, which
  14. Dušan Plenča (1986). Kninska ratna vremena, 1850-1946: Knin--Drniš--Bukovica--Ravni Kotari. Globus. p. ix. ISBN 9788634302271. Sinjorija dodijelila Stojanu Jankoviću imanje Jusuf age Tunića u selu Islamu, ne manjim »od 400 gonjala«
  15. "Eparhija-dalmatinska". Eparhija-dalmatinska.hr. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  16. Јачов, Марко (1 August 1983). Историјски часопис 29-30 (1982-1983). Istorijski institut. p. 228. .....али је познато да су браћа Јанковић остала верна својој вери и саградили цркву у селу Исламу, и посветили је крсној слави Ђурђевдану.
  17. Mayhew, p. 18
  18. "Janković, Stojan". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Retrieved 27 June 2018.

Sources

  • Berber, S. 2004, "Istorijski podaci o uskočkom serdaru Stojanu Jankoviću", Norma, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 151–161. (in Serbian)
  • Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006 (in Serbian)
  • Epske narodne pesme, Uskoci, str. 17-43, Beograd, 1965 (in Serbo-Croatian)
  • Rodoslov Jankovića i Desnica vid. Baština dvora Jankovića, Istorijski muzej Srbije, Beograd 2006, str. 92 (in Serbian)
  • Tea Mayhew, Dalmatia between Ottoman and Venetian rule: Contado di Zara, 1645-1718, p. 72 (in English)

External links

Military offices
Preceded byJanko Mitrović Commander-in-chief of the Morlach army
under Republic of Venice
1669-1687 		Succeeded by
Categories: