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{{Short description|Protest group opposed to Thaksin Shinawatra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox organization {{Infobox organization
| name = People's Democratic Reform Committee | name = People's Democratic Reform Committee
| native_name = คณะกรรมการประชาชนเพื่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงประเทศไทยให้เป็นประชาธิปไตยที่สมบูรณ์ อันมีพระมหากษัตริย์ทรงเป็นประมุข
⚫ | image =
| native_name_lang = th
⚫ | image = File:PDRC.jpg
| size = 200px | size = 200px
| alt = | alt =
| caption = | caption =
| abbreviation = PDRC | abbreviation = PDRC; {{lang|th|กปปส.}}
| motto = | motto =
| predecessor = | predecessor =
| successor = | successor =
| formation = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|10|31}}<br>{{Start date|df=yes|2013|11|29}} (formed officially)<ref>{{cite web|work=Thairath|language=thai|url=https://www.thairath.co.th/content/386197|title='สุเทพ'เปิดตัว กปปส. ดีเดย์ 1ธ.ค. ยึดทำเนียบ-ทุกส่วนราชการ|date=2013-11-29|access-date=2017-06-11}}</ref>
| formation = {{Start date|2013|10|29}}
| extinction = | dissolved = {{End date|df=yes|2014|5|22}}
| type = | type =
| status = Active | status = Defunct<ref name="suthep_freed_charged" />
| purpose = Removal of former prime minister ] influence on Thai politics <br> Political reform (before election) | purpose = Removal of former prime minister ] influence on Thai politics <br> Political reform (before election)
| headquarters = | headquarters =
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| coords = | coords =
| region_served = ] | region_served = ]
| membership = *former members of the the ] <ref name=democrat1>{{cite news|title=Thai Opposition Party Supports Protests Seeking PM Ouster|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-11-28/thai-democrat-party-throws-support-behind-anti-yingluck-protests|accessdate=11 April 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg News|date=28 November 2013}}</ref> | membership = * Former members of the ]<ref name=democrat1>{{cite news|title=Thai Opposition Party Supports Protests Seeking PM Ouster|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-11-28/thai-democrat-party-throws-support-behind-anti-yingluck-protests|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131129045127/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-11-28/thai-democrat-party-throws-support-behind-anti-yingluck-protests|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 November 2013|access-date=11 April 2014|newspaper=Bloomberg News|date=28 November 2013}}</ref>
* Network of Students and People for Reform of Thailand (NPRST)<ref name=nsprt1/> * Network of Students and People for Reform of Thailand (NPRST)<ref name=nsprt1/>
* The ] rebranded as the "People's Movement to Overthrow the Thaksin Regime" (Pefot)<ref name="AimNewMandala"/> * The ] rebranded as the "People's Movement to Overthrow the Thaksin Regime" (PMOTR)<ref name="AimNewMandala"/>
* Dharma Army <ref name=dharma1>{{cite news|title=Suthep declares 'people's revolt'|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/lite/topstories/382361/suthep-declares-people-revolt|accessdate=11 April 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=30 November 2013}}</ref> * Dharma Army <ref name=dharma1>{{cite news|title=Suthep declares 'people's revolt'|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/lite/topstories/382361/suthep-declares-people-revolt|access-date=11 April 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=30 November 2013}}</ref>
| language = | language =
| general = | general =
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| num_staff = | num_staff =
| num_volunteers = | num_volunteers =
| budget = >10 million Thai Baht daily (January 2014 estimate)<ref>{{cite news|last=Hataikarn|first=Treesuwan|title=PDRC spending more than Bt10 million a day|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/PDRC-spending-more-than-Bt10-million-a-day-30224504.html|accessdate=21 January 2014|newspaper=The Nation|date=17 January 2014}}</ref> | budget = >10 million Thai Baht daily (January 2014 estimate)<ref>{{cite news|last=Hataikarn|first=Treesuwan|title=PDRC spending more than Bt10 million a day|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/PDRC-spending-more-than-Bt10-million-a-day-30224504.html|access-date=21 January 2014|newspaper=The Nation|date=17 January 2014}}</ref>
| website = | website =
| remarks = | remarks =
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}} }}


The '''People's Democratic Reform Committee''' (PDRC) or '''People's Committee for Absolute Democracy with the King as Head of State''' ({{lang-th|คณะกรรมการประชาชนเพื่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงประเทศไทยให้เป็นประชาธิปไตยที่สมบูรณ์ อันมีพระมหากษัตริย์ทรงเป็นประมุข}}, กปปส.) is an umbrella ] in ],<ref>{{cite web|title=Khaosod English's Note On Translation Of Anti-Govt Leadership|url=http://www.khaosod.co.th/en/view_newsonline.php?newsid=TVRNNE56ZzNNalUzTlE9PQ==&catid=03|work=Khaosod English|accessdate=25 January 2014}}</ref> aimed at removing the ] of former premier ] from Thai politics and achieve political reforms by an unelected 'People's Council'.<ref name="suthep_people's_revolt" /> The group has played a leading role in the ], organising large-scale protests within ]. The '''People's Democratic Reform Committee''' (PDRC) or '''People's Committee for Absolute Democracy with the King as Head of State''' (PCAD){{refn|group=note|Full title: {{langx|th|คณะกรรมการประชาชนเพื่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงประเทศไทยให้เป็นประชาธิปไตยที่สมบูรณ์ อันมีพระมหากษัตริย์ทรงเป็นประมุข|translation=people's committee for changing Thailand into a complete democracy with the king as head of state}}<ref name="Khaosod">{{cite web|title=Khaosod English's Note On Translation Of Anti-Govt Leadership|url=http://www.khaosod.co.th/en/view_newsonline.php?newsid=TVRNNE56ZzNNalUzTlE9PQ==&catid=03|work=Khaosod English|access-date=25 January 2014}}</ref>}} was a ]{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} umbrella ] in ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=von Feigenblatt |first1=Dr. Otto F. |title=The Thai Political Paradox |journal=Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences |date=4 March 2014 |volume=5 |issue=4 |page=782 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2435900 |publisher=SSRN Electronic Journal |quote= a coalition of reactionary elements attempting to stop socio-economic progress so as to protect their interests.}}</ref> Its aim was to remove the ] of former premier ] from Thai politics by deposing the incumbent ] government of ] and creating an unelected "People's Council" to oversee political reforms.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2014/01/elections-thailand |title=The show must go on |newspaper=The Economist |date=29 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="suthep_people's_revolt" /> The group played a key role in the ] and the lead up to the ], organising large-scale protests within ] and disrupting voting in the ] in order to prevent a predicted victory by Pheu Thai.


The group was formed on 29 November 2013 by protest leader and former ] MP ], who appointed himself as secretary-general.<ref name="suthep_people's_revolt">{{cite news|title=Suthep declares 'people's revolt'|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/382361/suthep-declares-people-revolt|accessdate=14 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=30 November 2013}}</ref> The movement is supported by various organisations including the Democrat Party, the ] (a coalition of opposition to Thaksin), student activist groups, state worker's unions, pro-military groups.<ref name="AimNewMandala">{{cite news|author=Aim Sinpeng|title=Who's who in Thailand's anti-government forces?|url=http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/11/30/whos-who-in-the-anti-government-forces-in-thailand/|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=New Mandala |publisher=Australian National University (ANU)|date=30 November 2013}}</ref> The PDRC's support stems mostly from affluent Bangkokians and Southerners.<ref>{{cite news|last=Galache|first=Carlos|title=No end in sight to Thailand turmoil|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/01/no-end-sight-thailand-turmoil-2014116114546816134.html|accessdate=25 January 2014|newspaper=Al Jazeera|date=17 January 2014}}</ref> Whistle-blowing is a central symbol of the protests.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nopparat Chaichalearmmongkol |title=Whistle Blowers Call Time Out on Amnesty Bill|url=http://blogs.wsj.com/searealtime/2013/11/07/whistle-blowers-call-time-out-on-amnesty-bill/|accessdate=1 December 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal Southeast Asia Real Time|date=7 November 2013}}</ref> The group was formed on 29 November 2013 by ], who resigned from his post as ] secretary-general and MP, and appointed himself as PDRC secretary-general.<ref name="suthep_people's_revolt">{{cite news|title=Suthep declares 'people's revolt'|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/382361/suthep-declares-people-revolt|access-date=14 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=30 November 2013}}</ref> Although much of the movement's message revolved around ],<ref> ''Bangkok Post''. 2021-04-28</ref> the PDRC was a diverse coalition united by little more than opposition to the government of Yingluck Shinawatra;<ref name="mccargo_thabchumpon">{{cite journal |last1=McCargo |first1=Duncan |last2=Thabchumpon |first2=Naruemon |title=Plural Partisans: Thailand's People's Democratic Reform Committee Protesters |journal=Contemporary Southeast Asia |date=2021 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=125–150 |doi=10.1355/cs43-1c |jstor=27035530 |issn=0129-797X}}</ref> it was made up of members of the opposition Democrat Party, the ] (a coalition opposed to Thaksin known as "Yellow Shirts"), student activist groups, state workers' unions and pro-military groups.<ref name="AimNewMandala">{{cite news|author=Aim Sinpeng|title=Who's who in Thailand's anti-government forces?|url=http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/11/30/whos-who-in-the-anti-government-forces-in-thailand/|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=New Mandala |publisher=Australian National University (ANU)|date=30 November 2013}}</ref> The PDRC's support stemmed mostly from affluent Bangkokians and Southerners.<ref>{{cite news|last=Galache|first=Carlos|title=No end in sight to Thailand turmoil|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/01/no-end-sight-thailand-turmoil-2014116114546816134.html|access-date=25 January 2014|newspaper=Al Jazeera|date=17 January 2014}}</ref> Whistle-blowing was a central symbol of the protests.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nopparat Chaichalearmmongkol |title=Whistle Blowers Call Time Out on Amnesty Bill|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/searealtime/2013/11/07/whistle-blowers-call-time-out-on-amnesty-bill/|access-date=1 December 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal Southeast Asia Real Time|date=7 November 2013}}</ref>


By accusing the government of lacking any legitimacy, ] leader ] announced the intention of the People’s Democratic Reform Committee to take back sovereign power from the government to the people who will proceed with national reform through a non elected royalist council to said ] "eradicate"<ref name="suthep_targets_thaksin_regime">{{cite news|title=Suthep again targets 'Thaksin regime'|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/381591/protesters-outside-army-hq-budget-bureau|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=25 November 2013}}</ref> what he call the "Thaksin regime".<ref name="suthep_targets_thaksin_regime" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Charlie|first=Campbell|title=Thailand's Democrat Party Is Hilariously Misnamed|url=http://world.time.com/2013/11/28/thailands-democrat-party-is-hilariously-misnamed/|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=Time|date=28 November 2013}}</ref> "Acting as a legislative body, the council will amend laws and regulations, as well as carry out a reform plan in the country" ] said.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thai protest leader explains demand for 'people's council'|url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/2013-12/04/content_30797670.htm|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=English.news.cn|date=4 December 2013}}</ref> He also explained the council would have 400 members, 300 of whom will be representatives from various professions. The remaining 100 will be selected by the PDRC from scholars and well-respected senior citizens.<ref>{{cite news|title=Special Report: A nation at the crossroads|url=http://www.phuketgazette.net/phuket_news/2014/Special-Report-A-nation-at-the-crossroads-23168.html|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=Phuket News|date=5 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme commander agrees to meet Suthep|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/384546/supreme-commander-agrees-to-meet-suthep|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=13 December 2013}}</ref> By accusing the government of lacking legitimacy, Suthep Thaugsuban announced the intention of the People's Democratic Reform Committee to take back power from the government and proceed with national reform through a non-elected royalist council, in order to "eradicate" the "Thaksin regime".<ref name="suthep_targets_thaksin_regime">{{cite news|title=Suthep again targets 'Thaksin regime'|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/381591/protesters-outside-army-hq-budget-bureau|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=25 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Charlie|first=Campbell|title=Thailand's Democrat Party Is Hilariously Misnamed|url=https://world.time.com/2013/11/28/thailands-democrat-party-is-hilariously-misnamed/|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=Time|date=28 November 2013}}</ref> Suthep outlined plans for the council to "act as a legislative body, amend laws and regulations, as well as carry out a reform plan in the country".<ref>{{cite news|title=Thai protest leader explains demand for 'people's council'|url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/2013-12/04/content_30797670.htm|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=English.news.cn|date=4 December 2013}}</ref> He also explained the council would have 400 members, 300 of whom would be representatives from various professions. The remaining 100 would be selected by the PDRC from scholars and well-respected senior citizens.<ref>{{cite news|title=Special Report: A nation at the crossroads|url=https://thethaiger.com/news/phuket/Special-Report-nation-the-crossroads|access-date=29 September 2018|newspaper=Phuket Gazette|date=5 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme commander agrees to meet Suthep|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/384546/supreme-commander-agrees-to-meet-suthep|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=13 December 2013}}</ref>


The PDRC ultimate goal is to have the prime minister ] to resign as the caretaker head of government<ref>{{cite news|last=The Associated Press|title=Thailand PM Yingluck Shinawatra won't resign before elections|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/thailand-pm-yingluck-shinawatra-won-t-resign-before-elections-1.2457705|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=CBC news|date=9 December 2013}}</ref> in order to allow a ]<ref>{{cite news|title=Thai premier dissolves parliament, protests continue|url=http://www.lse.co.uk/AllNews.asp?code=pv9v9u94&headline=Thai_premier_dissolves_parliament_protests_continue|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=London South East|date=9 December 2013}}</ref> then invoke article 3 of the ]:" ''The sovereign power belongs to the Thai people. The King as Head of the State shall exercise such power through the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers and the Courts in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution''" and article 7 which says "''that when no part of the document seems to apply to the situation, the country should follow conventional democratic practice''".<ref>{{cite news|last=Pakorn|first=Peungnetr|title=Article 7 'can work'|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/Article-7-can-work-30221471.html|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=The Nation|date=6 December 2013}}</ref> Since the country has been ruled by appointed prime ministers before, this would allow the head of the senate to appoint a new premier. The ultimate goal of the PDRC was to have the prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra resign as the head of the ]<ref>{{cite news|last=The Associated Press|title=Thailand PM Yingluck Shinawatra won't resign before elections|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/thailand-pm-yingluck-shinawatra-won-t-resign-before-elections-1.2457705|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=CBC news|date=9 December 2013}}</ref> in order to create a ],<ref>{{cite news|title=Thai premier dissolves parliament, protests continue|url=http://www.lse.co.uk/AllNews.asp?code=pv9v9u94&headline=Thai_premier_dissolves_parliament_protests_continue|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=London South East|date=9 December 2013}}</ref> then invoke articles 3{{refn|group=note|"The sovereign power belongs to the Thai people. The King as Head of State shall exercise such power through the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers and the Courts in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution."}} and article 7{{refn|group=note|"Whenever no provision under this Constitution is applicable to any case, it shall be decided in accordance with the constitutional convention in the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State."}} of the ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Pakorn|first=Peungnetr|title=Article 7 'can work'|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/Article-7-can-work-30221471.html|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=The Nation|date=6 December 2013}}</ref> This would have allowed the head of the senate to appoint a new premier. Yingluck and nine other senior ministers were removed from office by ] on 7 May 2014. The military then seized power in a coup d'état on 22 May, a move which was applauded by many PDRC protesters.<ref>{{cite web | script-title=th:กปปส. เฮเสียงนกหวีดลั่น-แกนนำอุบเงียบรอ "สุเทพ"-ทหารคุมตัว "เหวง" ให้ม็อบ นปช. กลับบ้าน |trans-title=PDRC applauds the coup - their leaders remain quiet, waiting for Suthep's orders - Weng detained by military - Red Shirts return home | url = http://www.manager.co.th/Politics/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9570000057169 | date = 2014-05-22 | access-date = 2014-05-22 | language = Thai | publisher = Manager }}</ref> The PDRC was disbanded shortly after the coup.<ref name="suthep_freed_charged">{{cite news|title=Suthep freed, charged with rebellion|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/411807/suthep-freed-charged-with-rebellion|access-date=27 May 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=26 May 2014}}</ref>

⚫ == Formation and Role in 2013-14 Political Crisis ==


⚫ == Formation and role in 2013-14 political crisis ==
{{Main|2013–14 Thai political crisis}} {{Main|2013–14 Thai political crisis}}
⚫ Thai politics has been characterized since the 1950s by periodic shows of popular force; mass ] protests immediately preceded the ], and a pro-Thaksin ] rally that engulfed central Bangkok ] was violently crushed with more than 80 civilians killed and around 2,000 injured.<ref name="mccargo_thabchumpon" />


⚫ After three consecutive election victories for various Thaksin-backed political parties, the newly formed People's Democratic Reform Committee, a coalition of Yellow Shirt groups fiercely opposed to the ruling Pheu Thai party, decided to begin street protests in Bangkok.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thailand opposition to protest amnesty bill|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24723316|work=BBC News|date=30 October 2013|access-date=13 January 2014}}</ref> The direct precursor of the protests was a proposed amnesty bill which aimed to reconcile differences between supporters and opponents of Thaksin; it would have pardoned Thai politicians from various crimes since the 2006 coup, including murder charges against ] and Suthep Thaugsuban, politicians opposed to Thaksin, for their role in the 2010 crackdown.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-Thai PM Abhisit and Former Deputy Charged With Murder|url=https://world.time.com/2013/10/29/ex-thai-pm-abhisit-and-former-deupty-charged-with-murder/|access-date=16 January 2014|newspaper=Time|date=29 October 2013}}</ref> PDRC protesters accused the proposed bill of being a backdoor attempt to allow Thaksin Shinawatra to return home from self-imposed exile without facing a corruption conviction.<ref name=senators_discuss_bill>{{cite news|title=Protests as Thailand senators debate amnesty bill|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/11/thailand-protests-amnesty-bill|access-date=13 January 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=11 November 2013}}</ref> After opposition from both the Democrat Party and parts of the pro-government Red Shirt movement, the bill was rejected unanimously by the ] on 11 November.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thailand: anti-Thaksin protesters set new targets after amnesty bill defeat|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/12/thailand-anti-thaksin-protesters-amnesty-bill-defeat|access-date=13 January 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 November 2013}}</ref> On 20 November the Constitutional Court also ruled that a government-proposed amendment to the 2007 constitution that would have made the Senate a fully elected body was invalid.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ungpakorn|first=Giles|title=The 19th August Constitutional Referendum Process is Undemocratic|url=http://www.prachatai.com/english/node/149|work=Prachatai English|date=15 August 2007 |access-date=13 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="court_rejects_amendments">{{cite news|title=Thailand Constitutional Court rejects Senate amendments|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24997184|access-date=12 January 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=20 November 2013}}</ref>
⚫ Thai politics has been characterized by shows of popular force; mass ] protests immediately preceded the ], and a red-shirt rally that engulfed central Bangkok ] was violently crushed with more than 80 civilians killed and around 2,000 injured.
⚫ After three consecutive election victories for various Thaksin-backed political parties, the newly formed People's Democratic Reform Committee, a coalition of yellow-shirt groups that loathe the ruling Pheu Thai party decide to take their fight to the streets of Bangkok.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thailand opposition to protest amnesty bill|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24723316|work=BBC News|accessdate=13 January 2014}}</ref> The object of their ire is a proposed amnesty bill aimed to reconcile differences between both groups that would have pardoned Thai politicians ], ] over murder charges.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-Thai PM Abhisit and Former Deputy Charged With Murder|url=http://world.time.com/2013/10/29/ex-thai-pm-abhisit-and-former-deupty-charged-with-murder/|accessdate=16 January 2014|newspaper=Time|date=29 October 2013}}</ref> However, protesters believe that it could be a backdoor attempt to allow ] to return home after a self-imposed exile without facing a corruption conviction.<ref name=senators_discuss_bill>{{cite news|title=Protests as Thailand senators debate amnesty bill|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/11/thailand-protests-amnesty-bill|accessdate=13 January 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=11 November 2013}}</ref> After opposition from both the ] and parts of the pro-government ] the bill was rejected unanimously by the ] on 11 November.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thailand: anti-Thaksin protesters set new targets after amnesty bill defeat|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/12/thailand-anti-thaksin-protesters-amnesty-bill-defeat|accessdate=13 January 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 November 2013}}</ref>


PDRC protests in Bangkok continued, disrupting economic life and government functioning with a series of rallies at 11 key sites across the city. The protests reached their height in mid-January 2014, at which point they involved nearly 500,000 people. By late-April they had declined significantly and involved no more than several thousand protestors.<ref name="mccargo_thabchumpon" />
On 20 November the ] ruled that a government-proposed amendment to the criticized (yet accepted through formal national referendum process, after the junta passed a law that made criticism of the draft and opposition to the constitutional referendum a criminal act and threatened that a "No" would result in indefinite military rule <ref>{{cite news|title=Thailand on Spin Cycle|url=http://www.asiasentinel.com/politics/thailand-on-spin-cycle/|accessdate=26 March 2014|newspaper=Asian sentinels|date=11 July 2007}}</ref> ) ] that would have made the Senate a fully elected body was invalid.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ungpakorn|first=Giles|title=The 19th August Constitutional Referendum Process is Undemocratic|url=http://www.prachatai.com/english/node/149|work=Prachatai English|accessdate=13 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="court_rejects_amendments">{{cite news|title=Thailand Constitutional Court rejects Senate amendments|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24997184|accessdate=12 January 2014|newspaper=BBC News|date=20 November 2013}}</ref>
⚫ Prime Minister Yingluck dissolved the Thai parliament following the recommencement of protests and announced a new election in accordance with the Thai constitution. ] states that elections must be held 45 to 60 days from the date that parliament is dissolved. The People's Democratic Reform Committee opposed the election announcement and stated that it would boycott the process.


⚫ Prime Minister Yingluck dissolved the Thai parliament following the recommencement of protests and announced a new election in accordance with the Thai constitution. The constitution stated that elections must be held 45 to 60 days from the date that parliament is dissolved. The PDRC opposed the election announcement and stated that it would boycott the process. The election was held on 2 February and the PDRC disrupted polling in parts of Bangkok and southern Thailand, causing the result to be annulled by the Thai courts.<ref name="mccargo_thabchumpon" />
⚫ Despite the private sector,<ref>{{cite news|title=Business wants executive decree on reform|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/386323/reform-findings-should-be-binding-on-next-government-says-private-sector|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=23 December 2013}}</ref> military<ref>{{cite news|last=James|first=Hookway|title=Thailand's Army Tries On Role of Peacemaker|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304173704579259664187817446|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=15 December 2013}}</ref> and caretaker government<ref>{{cite news|title=Suthep rejects proposed talk on election postponement|url=http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/suthep-rejects-proposed-talk-election-postponement/|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=Thai PBS|date=13 January 2014}}</ref> attempt to find a solution to the crisis, The PDRC leader said he would not negotiate with the government or the military or any mediator but he would fight until the people achieve PDRC's goal to have a royally appointed people council to conduct reform before the election to eradicate the "Thaksin regime".<ref>{{cite news|last=Carlos|first=Sardina Galache|title=No end in sight to Thailand turmoil|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/01/no-end-sight-thailand-turmoil-2014116114546816134.html|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=Aljazeera|date=17 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Amy|first=Sawitta Lefevre, Reuters|title='People cannot negotiate': Anti-government protesters threaten to shut down Bangkok|url=http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2014/01/12/22280063-people-cannot-negotiate-anti-government-protesters-threaten-to-shut-down-bangkok?lite|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=NBC News|date=12 January 2014}}</ref>


⚫ Despite attempts by the private sector,<ref>{{cite news|title=Business wants executive decree on reform|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/386323/reform-findings-should-be-binding-on-next-government-says-private-sector|access-date=19 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=23 December 2013}}</ref> military<ref>{{cite news|last=James|first=Hookway|title=Thailand's Army Tries On Role of Peacemaker|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304173704579259664187817446|access-date=19 January 2014|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=15 December 2013}}</ref> and caretaker government<ref>{{cite news|title=Suthep rejects proposed talk on election postponement|url=http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/suthep-rejects-proposed-talk-election-postponement/|access-date=19 January 2014|newspaper=Thai PBS|date=13 January 2014}}</ref> to find a solution to the crisis, PDRC leader Suthep Thaugsuban said he would not negotiate with the government, the military or any other mediator, but would fight until the PDRC achieved its goal of having a royally-appointed people council conduct reforms before any election to eradicate the "Thaksin regime".<ref>{{cite news|last=Carlos|first=Sardina Galache|title=No end in sight to Thailand turmoil|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/01/no-end-sight-thailand-turmoil-2014116114546816134.html|access-date=19 January 2014|newspaper=Aljazeera|date=17 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Amy|first=Sawitta Lefevre, Reuters|title='People cannot negotiate': Anti-government protesters threaten to shut down Bangkok|url=http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2014/01/12/22280063-people-cannot-negotiate-anti-government-protesters-threaten-to-shut-down-bangkok?lite|access-date=19 January 2014|newspaper=NBC News|date=12 January 2014}}</ref>
== Affiliated organisations ==
Yingluck Shinawatra continued as caretaker prime minister for three months after the annulled election until she was ] from office by the Constitutional Court on 7 May over the transfer of a senior security officer in 2011. The military then launched a coup later in May.<ref name="mccargo_thabchumpon" /> In 2021, political scientists Duncan McCargo and Naruemon Thabchumpon wrote that the PDRC "bears a significant degree of responsibility for the fact that Thailand remains under a ] of military rule today."<ref name="mccargo_thabchumpon" />
⚫ * The ], ] and ] backed by the military and most of the Bangkok-based elite with also strong support in south Thailand.<ref name=democrat1/><ref>{{cite news|title=Thailand's main political parties|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/thaielection/2011/07/201171925890758.html|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=Aljazeera|date=2 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Buranakanokthanasan|first=Wirat|title=Thai opposition party to boycott election|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/21/us-thailand-protest-idUSBRE9BK04H20131221|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=Reuters|date=21 December 2013}}</ref>

* Some members of the royal family. Notably, ]<ref>{{cite news|title=Thai princess uses social media to ‘declare war’: Photos posted by Princess Chulabhorn Mahidol widely interpreted as a sign of her support for anti-government protesters |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/thai-princess-uses-social-media-to-declare-war-photos-posted-by-princess-chulabhorn-mahidol-widely-interpreted-as-a-sign-of-her-support-for-antigovernment-protesters-9122267.html|accessdate=11 February 2014|newspaper=The Independent|date=11 February 2014}}</ref>
== Organizations aligned with the PDRC==
⚫ * The Network of Students and People for Reform of Thailand (NSPRT), the PDRC hardline faction under the leadership of Nithithorn Lamleua and Uthai Yodmanee.<ref name=nsprt1>{{cite news|last=Saiyasombut & Siam Voices|first=Saksith|title=Organized chaos: Thai anti-election protesters' hardline faction|url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/118364/thai-anti-election-protests-hardliners-prone-to-volatile-chaos/|accessdate=18 January 2014|newspaper=Asiancorrespondent|date=15 January 2014}}</ref>
⚫ * The ], ] and ] backed by the military and most of the Bangkok-based elite with also strong support in south Thailand.<ref name=democrat1/><ref>{{cite news|title=Thailand's main political parties|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/thaielection/2011/07/201171925890758.html|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=Aljazeera|date=2 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Buranakanokthanasan|first=Wirat|title=Thai opposition party to boycott election|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-protest-idUSBRE9BK04H20131221|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=Reuters|date=21 December 2013}}</ref>
⚫ * The ] or "Yellow shirt" rebranded as the “People’s Movement to Overthrow the Thaksin Regime” (Pefot).<ref name="AimNewMandala"/> The PAD consists of mainly of royalist upper and middle-class ]ians and ], supported by some factions of the ], some leaders of ], and members of state-enterprise labor unions.<ref>IHT, , 28 August 2008</ref><ref>Asian Times, , 27 August 2008</ref> The PAD was responsible for the seizure of ] in 2008.
⚫ * The Network of Students and People for Reform of Thailand (NSPRT), the PDRC hardline faction under the leadership of Nithithorn Lamleua and Uthai Yodmanee.<ref name=nsprt1>{{cite news|last=Saiyasombut & Siam Voices|first=Saksith|title=Organized chaos: Thai anti-election protesters' hardline faction|url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/118364/thai-anti-election-protests-hardliners-prone-to-volatile-chaos/|access-date=18 January 2014|newspaper=Asiancorrespondent|date=15 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=AeroThai and SET are in protesters' sights|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/AeroThai-and-SET-are-in-protesters-sights-30224325.html|access-date=22 May 2014|newspaper=nation multimedia|date=22 May 2014}}</ref>
⚫ * The Dharma Army, lead by former ] leader Major General ] and a key leader of the ]. The Dharma army is a network of foundations and associations, the most know is the ] Buddhist sect.<ref name=dharma1/><ref>{{cite news|title=Dharma Army out of the shadows|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/02/21/politics/politics_20001284.php|accessdate=11 April 2014|newspaper=The Nation|date=26 February 2006}}</ref>
⚫ * The ] or "Yellow shirt" rebranded as the "People's Movement to Overthrow the Thaksin Regime" (Pefot).<ref name="AimNewMandala"/> The PAD consists of mainly of royalist upper and middle-class ]ians and ], supported by some factions of the ], some leaders of ], and members of state-enterprise labor unions.<ref>IHT, , 28 August 2008</ref><ref>Asian Times, , 27 August 2008</ref> The PAD was responsible for the seizure of ] in 2008.
* The newly founded Rubbish Collection Organisation where "rubbish" means deviant people who do not love His Majesty the King or Thailand. These people must be hunted down and eradicated - said the founder Rienthong Nanna a staunch supporter of the anti-government People’s Democratic Reform Committee.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Big Issue: Redefining Defamation|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/406877/the-big-issue-redefining-defamation|accessdate=27 April 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=27 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=RCO plays down militancy|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/406344/rco-plays-down-militancy|accessdate=27 April 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=24 April 2014}}</ref>
⚫ * The Dharma Army, led by former ] leader Major General ] and a key leader of the ]. The Dharma army is a network of foundations and associations, the most known is the ] Buddhist sect.<ref name=dharma1/><ref>{{cite news|title=Dharma Army out of the shadows|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2006/02/21/politics/politics_20001284.php|access-date=11 April 2014|newspaper=The Nation|date=26 February 2006}}</ref>
*"Rubbish Collection Organisation" founded by Rienthong Nanna (director of Mongkutwattana General Hospital) that aims at persecuting citizens who — in their view — do not respect the monarchy sufficiently.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nirmal Ghosh |title=Militancy rising amid Thai political stalemate|url=http://www.asianewsnet.net/Militancy-rising-amid-Thai-political-stalemate-59540.html|access-date=20 May 2014|newspaper=Asia News Network|date=24 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Alan Dawson|title=The Big Issue: Redefining Defamation|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/406877/the-big-issue-redefining-defamation|access-date=27 April 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=27 April 2014 |quote=He called his creation the Rubbish Collection Organisation, where by "rubbish" he means deviant people who do not love His Majesty the King or Thailand as much as Dr Rienthong. These people must be hunted down and eradicated - his words.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=RCO plays down militancy|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/406344/rco-plays-down-militancy|access-date=27 April 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=24 April 2014 |quote=The doctor is a staunch supporter of the anti-government People's Democratic Reform Committee led by Suthep Thaugsuban.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Army's job to defend 'rubbish collector|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/pdrc-protests/406233/army-defends-protection-for-rubbish-collector|access-date=18 May 2014|newspaper=bangkok post|date=23 April 2014}}</ref> The rhetoric of this ultra-royalist vigilante group<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-protest-idUSBREA3N0BJ20140424 |title=Thai opposition leader seeks compromise to avert bloodshed |author=Amy Sawitta Lefevre |publisher=Reuters |date=24 April 2014}}</ref> has induced fear of a potential "witch-hunt" on dissenters.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/405987/no-such-thing-as-a-clean-witch-hunt |author=Atiya Achakulwisut |title=No such thing as a 'clean' witch-hunt |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=22 April 2014}}</ref> Their likening of opponents to "trash" has been condemned as ] by ] and the ]'s dean Abraham Cooper.<ref>{{Citation |author=John Draper |title=Steady rise of fascism here is terrifying |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=28 April 2014}}</ref>


== Leaders == == Leaders ==
* ], Secretary-general of PDRC; former Democrat Party MP from Surat Thani, former deputy prime minister (2008–2011) * ], Secretary-general of PDRC; former Democrat Party secretary-general, former MP from Surat Thani, former deputy prime minister (2008–2011)
*], former Democrat Party MP for Bangkok<ref>{{cite web|url=http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/pdrc-spokesman-enters-monkhood/|title=PDRC spokesman enters monkhood|date=2014-06-21|access-date=2017-06-03|work=TPBS}}</ref>
⚫ * ], abbot of ] temple, ]<ref>{{cite news|title=Luang Pu Buddha Issara Arrest Authorized In Thailand: Senior Buddhist Monk May Be Defrocked|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/05/buddhist-monk-arrest-thailand_n_4731178.html|accessdate=2 March 2014|newspaper=Huffingtonpost|date=5 February 2014}}</ref>
*Chumpol Julasai, former Democrat Party MP for Chumphon<ref name=กป/>
* ] née Bhirombhakdi,<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/easy/397244/chitpas-explains |title=Chitpas explains |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=27 February 2014}}</ref> former deputy spokeswoman of the Democrat Party, granddaughter of Chamnong Bhirombhakdi, owner of ] (best known for its product ] beer)
*Issara Somchai, former Democrat Party MP for Ubon Ratchathani, former minister of social development and human security<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ryt9.com/s/iq02/1816913|title=คนร้ายปาบึ้มบ้านอิสสระ สมชัยแกนนำกปปส.กลางดึก-ป่วนหลายเวที|date=2014-01-16|access-date=2017-06-03|language=Thai|work=ryt9.com}}</ref>
*], former Democrat Party MP for Bangkok<ref name=กป/>
*], former Democrat Party MP for Bangkok, former deputy governor of bangkok<ref name=กป>{{cite web|language=thai|work=]|url=http://www.manager.co.th/Home/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9570000014656|title="4 คุณหนู" ฮาร์ดคอร์ สุดยอดคอนเนกชัน-ใครอย่าแตะ!|date=2014-02-06|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref>
⚫ * ], former Democrat Party MP for Trang, former minister to the office of the Prime Minister (2008–11)
⚫ * ],<ref name="Nation2701"/><ref>{{Citation |url=http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/pdrc-rejects-governments-reform-council-proposal/ |title=PDRC rejects government's reform council proposal |publisher=Thai PBS |date=25 December 2013}}</ref> former Democrat Party MP for Songkhla, former deputy interior minister
⚫ * Witthaya Kaewparadai,<ref>{{cite news|title=PDRC takes emergency law to court|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/391710/pdrc-asks-civil-court-to-lift-emergency-law|access-date=27 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkokpost|date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=DSI seeking arrest warrants for 33 more protesters|url=http://www.pattayamail.com/news/dsi-seeking-arrest-warrants-for-33-more-protesters-33748|access-date=27 January 2014|newspaper=Pattaya Mail|date=8 January 2014}}</ref> former deputy chairman of the Democrat Party, former minister of public health (2008–09)

==Major allies==
*],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/news-photo/democrat-party-leader-abhisit-vejjajiva-speaks-to-his-news-photo/452458427|title=Democrat Party leader Abhisit Vejjajiva speaks to his supporters...|website=Getty Images|date=29 November 2013 |language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-05}}</ref> former prime minister and leader of the ]
*],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/news-photo/democrat-party-member-and-former-thai-finance-minister-korn-news-photo/452458561|title=Democrat Party member and former Thai finance minister Korn...|website=Getty Images|date=29 November 2013 |language=en-gb|access-date=2019-01-05}}</ref> former finance minister and member of the Democrat Party
* ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://mcot-web.mcot.net/fm95/index.php?r=site/view&id=52ea289ebe047052668b45a1 |title=Court accepts protesters' petition against DSI chief for malfeasance |publisher=MCOT FM 95 |date=30 January 2014}}</ref> advisor to the PDRC; education reform activist (Foundation for Children), former PAD core leader, former leader of the Campaign for Popular Democracy, co-leader of the ] uprising 1992 * ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://mcot-web.mcot.net/fm95/index.php?r=site/view&id=52ea289ebe047052668b45a1 |title=Court accepts protesters' petition against DSI chief for malfeasance |publisher=MCOT FM 95 |date=30 January 2014}}</ref> advisor to the PDRC; education reform activist (Foundation for Children), former PAD core leader, former leader of the Campaign for Popular Democracy, co-leader of the ] uprising 1992
* ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/385956/ |title=Army's old guard to join anti-govt push |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=21 December 2013}}</ref> former chairman of the National Security Council, former minister of foreign affairs (1992–94), self-identified architect of the ] *] née Bhirombhakdi,<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/learning/easy/397244/chitpas-explains |title=Chitpas explains |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=27 February 2014}}</ref> former deputy spokeswoman of the Democrat Party, granddaughter of Chamnong Bhirombhakdi, owner of ] (best known for its product ] beer)
⚫ * ], former Democrat Party MP for Trang, former minister to the office of the Prime Minister (2008–11)
* ]<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/389708/protest-leader-seri-wongmontha-accused-of-anti-foreigner-slur |title=PDRC protest leader accused of 'anti-foreigner' slur |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=15 January 2014}}</ref> associate professor of communication arts at the ] Graduate School,<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.komchadluek.net/detail/20130313/153791/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5....html |title=บ้านสมเด็จ'เปิดค่ายเพลง'โชว์พราวละครเวที... |newspaper=Kom Chad Luek |date=13 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.commarts.chula.ac.th/news/201103w1/201103_02.html |title=นิสิตนิเทศศาสตร์รับรางวัล อีซูซุ...การตลาดรอบทิศแนวคิดใหม่ |publisher=Faculty of Communication Arts, Chulalongkorn University |date=14 March 2011}}</ref> playwright and actor (e.g. '']''), jury president of ] * ]<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/389708/protest-leader-seri-wongmontha-accused-of-anti-foreigner-slur |title=PDRC protest leader accused of 'anti-foreigner' slur |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=15 January 2014}}</ref> associate professor of communication arts at the ] Graduate School,<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.komchadluek.net/detail/20130313/153791/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5....html |title=บ้านสมเด็จ'เปิดค่ายเพลง'โชว์พราวละครเวที... |newspaper=Kom Chad Luek |date=13 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.commarts.chula.ac.th/news/201103w1/201103_02.html |title=นิสิตนิเทศศาสตร์รับรางวัล อีซูซุ...การตลาดรอบทิศแนวคิดใหม่ |publisher=Faculty of Communication Arts, Chulalongkorn University |date=14 March 2011}}</ref> playwright and actor (e.g. '']''), jury president of ]
* ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/DSIs-push-for-arrest-warrants-rejected-30227697.html |author=Kesinee Taengkhiao |title=DSI's push for arrest warrants rejected |newspaper=The Nation |date=25 February 2014}}</ref> former assistant professor of education at ], former Democrat Party MP, former ] activist * ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/385956/ |title=Army's old guard to join anti-govt push |newspaper=Bangkok Post |date=21 December 2013 |last1=Wangkiat |first1=Paritta }}</ref> former chairman of the National Security Council, former minister of foreign affairs (1992–94), self-identified architect of the ]
* ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/PDRC-keep-communication-low-tech-for-security-30227193.html |author=Hataikarn Treesuwan |title=PDRC keep communication low-tech for security |newspaper=The Nation |date=19 February 2014}}</ref> trade union leader (State Enterprise Labour Relations Confederation), former PAD core leader, co-leader of the Black May uprising 1992 * ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/DSIs-push-for-arrest-warrants-rejected-30227697.html |author=Kesinee Taengkhiao |title=DSI's push for arrest warrants rejected |newspaper=The Nation |date=25 February 2014}}</ref> former assistant professor of education at ], former PAD core leader, former Democrat Party MP, former ] activist
* ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/PDRC-keep-communication-low-tech-for-security-30227193.html |author=Hataikarn Treesuwan |title=PDRC keep communication low-tech for security |newspaper=The Nation |date=19 February 2014}}</ref> trade union leader (State Enterprise Labour Relations Confederation), former PAD core leader, co-leader of the Black May uprising 1992, leader of ]
* ], former PAD coordinator, former secretary-general of New Politics Party
* ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/webmobile/politics/First-rally-leader-arrested-30226490.html |title=Police will seek detention of Sonthiyarn on treason charge : DSI |newspaper=The Nation |date=14 February 2014}}</ref> owner of T news agency; arrested on 10 February 2014 * ],<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/webmobile/politics/First-rally-leader-arrested-30226490.html |title=Police will seek detention of Sonthiyarn on treason charge : DSI |newspaper=The Nation |date=14 February 2014}}</ref> owner of T news agency; arrested on 10 February 2014
* ],<ref name="Nation2701">{{Citation |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/Anger-and-violence-rock-voting-in-capital-South-30225270.html |title=Anger and violence rock voting in capital, South |newspaper=The Nation |date=27 January 2014}}</ref> shot and killed during a rally on 26 January 2014 * ],<ref name="Nation2701">{{Citation |url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/politics/Anger-and-violence-rock-voting-in-capital-South-30225270.html |title=Anger and violence rock voting in capital, South |newspaper=The Nation |date=27 January 2014}}</ref> shot and killed during a rally on 26 January 2014
⚫ *], former Democrat Party MP for Bangkok<ref>{{cite news|title=PDRC co-leader nabbed at airport|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/406748/pdrc-co-leader-nabbed-at-airport|access-date=27 April 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=26 April 2014}}</ref><ref name=กป/>
⚫ * ],<ref name="Nation2701"/><ref>{{Citation |url=http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/pdrc-rejects-governments-reform-council-proposal/ |title=PDRC rejects government’s reform council proposal |publisher=Thai PBS |date=25 December 2013}}</ref> former Democrat Party MP for Songkhla, former deputy interior minister
*Chaiwut Bannawat, former Democrat Party MP for Tak, former minister of industry<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manager.co.th/Home/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9570000022474|work=ASTV Manager|date=2014-02-26|access-date=2017-06-03|language=Thai|title=กปปส.ส่ง"ชัยวุฒิ"ยื่นหนังสือจี้ ตร.เร่งรัดคดีเกี่ยวเนื่องการชุมนุม}}</ref>
⚫ * ],<ref>{{cite news|title=PDRC takes emergency law to court|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/391710/pdrc-asks-civil-court-to-lift-emergency-law|accessdate=27 January 2014|newspaper=Bangkokpost|date=27 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=DSI seeking arrest warrants for 33 more protesters|url=http://www.pattayamail.com/news/dsi-seeking-arrest-warrants-for-33-more-protesters-33748|accessdate=27 January 2014|newspaper=Pattaya Mail|date=8 January 2014}}</ref> former deputy chairman of the Democrat Party, former minister of public health (2008–09)
*Chinnaworn Boonyakiat, former Democrat Party MP for Nakhon Si Thammarat, former minister of education<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hilight.kapook.com/view/96170|title=กปปส. กลับเวทีลุมพินี หลังชุมนุมหน้ากรมศุลกากรเสร็จ|work=Kapook.com|language=Thai|date=2014-01-14|access-date=2017-06-03}}</ref>
⚫ *Sakoltee Phattiyakul son of Gen Winai Phattiyakul, former secretary-general of the ] the body that rule the country after the 2006 coup.<ref>{{cite news|title=PDRC co-leader nabbed at airport|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/406748/pdrc-co-leader-nabbed-at-airport|accessdate=27 April 2014|newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=26 April 2014}}</ref>
*Satish Sehgal, an Indian businessman in Thailand, former president of the India-Thai Business Association<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.komchadluek.net/news/scoop/203627|title=ฉากชีวิต'ลุงแขกรักชาติ'|first=แคน|last=สาริกา|work=]|language=Thai|date=2015-03-26|access-date=2017-06-14}}</ref>
*Srivara Issara, Thai female real estate developer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manager.co.th/celebonline/viewnews.aspx?NewsID=9570000008930|work=ASTV Manager|language=Thai|date=2014-01-26|access-date=2017-06-14|title="ศรีวรา อิสสระ" ประกาศตัวเลือกข้างความถูกต้อง}}</ref>
*Thanat Thanakitamnuay or Nat Noble, heir of leading real estate company<ref>{{cite web|language=Thai|work=Posttoday|date=2014-03-19|access-date=2017-06-14|title=เปิดใจไฮโซนกหวีด"ธนัตถ์ ธนากิจอำนวย" |url=http://www.posttoday.com/analysis/interview/284512|first=อินทรชัย|last=พานิชกุล}}</ref>
*Taya Teepsuwan née Srivikorn, member of Democrat Party, former deputy governor of bangkok, Nataphol Teepsuwan's wife
*Anchalee Paireerak, famous freelance female journalist<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.voicetv.co.th/thailand/91839.html|title=กปปส.ใช้ขบวน 'กบฎดอกไม้บาน' เป็นทัพหน้าบุกบ้านนายกฯ|date=2013-12-22|access-date=2017-06-14|first=บุญญิสา |last=เพ็งบุญมา|language=Thai|work=]}}</ref>
*Attawit Suwanpakdee, former Democrat Party MP for Bangkok<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/399515/constitution-court-rules-against-b2-trillion-transport-%20infrastructure-bill|title=B2trln Infrastructure bill ruled unconstitutional |newspaper=Bangkok Post|date=12 March 2014 |access-date=2019-03-19}}</ref>
⚫ * ], then abbot of ] temple, ]<ref>{{cite news|title=Luang Pu Buddha Issara Arrest Authorized In Thailand: Senior Buddhist Monk May Be Defrocked|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/05/buddhist-monk-arrest-thailand_n_4731178.html|access-date=2 March 2014|newspaper=Huffingtonpost|date=5 February 2014}}</ref>


Many Thai artists, actors, singers and celebrities expressed support for the PDRC, including Yong Lookyee, ], Jirayut Wattanasin, ], ], ], ],<ref>{{cite web|work=ASTV Manager|language=Thai|url=http://www.manager.co.th/Marsmag/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9570000020053&Html=1&TabID=2&|title=เต๊ะ ศตวรรษ : หัวใจของนาย "หล่อมาก"!|date=2014-02-20|access-date=2017-06-14}}</ref> ], ], ],<ref>{{cite web|work=Thairath|language=Thai|title=ดาราเลือกข้างการเมือง...กระทบทั้งงานและชีวิตส่วนตัว|url= https://www.thairath.co.th/content/408372|date=2014-03-05|access-date=2017-06-14}}</ref> ], ], ], ],<ref>{{cite web|work=]|url=http://www.nationtv.tv/main/content/politics/378393857/|title=""แหม่ม จินตหรา" เอาไอติมมาแจกมวลชนลาดพร้าว"|date=2014-02-02|access-date=2017-06-14|language=Thai}}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manager.co.th/Entertainment/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9560000144356|work=ASTV Manager|date=2013-11-20|access-date=2017-06-14|language=Thai|title=จากใจ "เปิ้ล จารุณี" : ไม่มียุคไหนที่ดี-เลวจะชัดเท่านี้อีกแล้ว?}}</ref> Sarawit "Mor Kong" Subun,<ref>{{cite web|work=Thairath|title='หมอก้อง' ร่วมถอนสลากออมสิน-'แทค' ท้า 'ตู่' ฝากเงิน |url= http://www.thairath.co.th/content/404457|date=2017-02-18|language=Thai|access-date=2017-06-14}}</ref> Atom Samphanthapab,<ref>{{cite web|date=2013-11-06|access-date=2017-06-14|url=http://www.manager.co.th/Entertainment/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9560000138214|title="อะตอม สัมพันธภาพ" ดาราช่อง 7 ขึ้นเวที จวก "ยิ่งลักษณ์" ทำเพื่อพี่ ร้องไห้แสดงละคร|language=Thai|work=ASTV Manager}}</ref> Sakchai Guy, ], ], Kamron Pramoj na Ayudhya, Achita Pramoj na Ayudhya, Nussaba Punnakanta, ] ], the ], ], ], Teera Tanyapaibul, Suthipong Thamawuit, ], ], ], Kijmanoch "Kru Lilly" Rojanasupya,<ref name=ปอย/> ].<ref name=ปอย>{{cite web|work=Nation TV|language=Thai|title="ปอย ตรีชฎา" อดีตมิสทิฟฟานี่ 2004 ร่วมชุมนุมเวที กปปส.|url=http://www.nationtv.tv/main/content/politics/378394746/|date=2014-02-10|access-date=2017-06-14}}</ref>
== Rallying Locations ==
]


== Notes ==
* Pathum Wan Intersection (13 January - 2 March 2014) - main rally site during the occupation of Bangkok. Dismantled at the end of the occupation of Bangkok.<ref>http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/397779/pdrc-quits-pathumwan-for-lumpini</ref>
{{Reflist|group=note}}


== References == == References ==


{{reflist}} {{reflist|2}}


] ]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 01:50, 1 December 2024

Protest group opposed to Thaksin Shinawatra

People's Democratic Reform Committee
คณะกรรมการประชาชนเพื่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงประเทศไทยให้เป็นประชาธิปไตยที่สมบูรณ์ อันมีพระมหากษัตริย์ทรงเป็นประมุข
AbbreviationPDRC; กปปส.
Formation31 October 2013 (2013-10-31)
29 November 2013 (2013-11-29) (formed officially)
Dissolved22 May 2014 (2014-05-22)
Legal statusDefunct
PurposeRemoval of former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra's influence on Thai politics
Political reform (before election)
Location
Region served Thailand
Membership
  • Former members of the Democrat Party
  • Network of Students and People for Reform of Thailand (NPRST)
  • The PAD rebranded as the "People's Movement to Overthrow the Thaksin Regime" (PMOTR)
  • Dharma Army
Secretary-GeneralSuthep Thaugsuban
Budget>10 million Thai Baht daily (January 2014 estimate)

The People's Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) or People's Committee for Absolute Democracy with the King as Head of State (PCAD) was a reactionary umbrella political pressure group in Thailand. Its aim was to remove the influence of former premier Thaksin Shinawatra from Thai politics by deposing the incumbent Pheu Thai government of Yingluck Shinawatra and creating an unelected "People's Council" to oversee political reforms. The group played a key role in the 2013–14 Thai political crisis and the lead up to the 2014 Thai coup d'état, organising large-scale protests within Bangkok and disrupting voting in the 2014 Thai general election in order to prevent a predicted victory by Pheu Thai.

The group was formed on 29 November 2013 by Suthep Thaugsuban, who resigned from his post as Democrat Party secretary-general and MP, and appointed himself as PDRC secretary-general. Although much of the movement's message revolved around anti-politics, the PDRC was a diverse coalition united by little more than opposition to the government of Yingluck Shinawatra; it was made up of members of the opposition Democrat Party, the People's Alliance for Democracy (a coalition opposed to Thaksin known as "Yellow Shirts"), student activist groups, state workers' unions and pro-military groups. The PDRC's support stemmed mostly from affluent Bangkokians and Southerners. Whistle-blowing was a central symbol of the protests.

By accusing the government of lacking legitimacy, Suthep Thaugsuban announced the intention of the People's Democratic Reform Committee to take back power from the government and proceed with national reform through a non-elected royalist council, in order to "eradicate" the "Thaksin regime". Suthep outlined plans for the council to "act as a legislative body, amend laws and regulations, as well as carry out a reform plan in the country". He also explained the council would have 400 members, 300 of whom would be representatives from various professions. The remaining 100 would be selected by the PDRC from scholars and well-respected senior citizens.

The ultimate goal of the PDRC was to have the prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra resign as the head of the caretaker government in order to create a power vacuum, then invoke articles 3 and article 7 of the 2007 Constitution. This would have allowed the head of the senate to appoint a new premier. Yingluck and nine other senior ministers were removed from office by Constitutional Court on 7 May 2014. The military then seized power in a coup d'état on 22 May, a move which was applauded by many PDRC protesters. The PDRC was disbanded shortly after the coup.

Formation and role in 2013-14 political crisis

Main article: 2013–14 Thai political crisis

Thai politics has been characterized since the 1950s by periodic shows of popular force; mass Yellow Shirt protests immediately preceded the 2006 coup, and a pro-Thaksin Red Shirt rally that engulfed central Bangkok in 2010 was violently crushed with more than 80 civilians killed and around 2,000 injured.

After three consecutive election victories for various Thaksin-backed political parties, the newly formed People's Democratic Reform Committee, a coalition of Yellow Shirt groups fiercely opposed to the ruling Pheu Thai party, decided to begin street protests in Bangkok. The direct precursor of the protests was a proposed amnesty bill which aimed to reconcile differences between supporters and opponents of Thaksin; it would have pardoned Thai politicians from various crimes since the 2006 coup, including murder charges against Abhisit Vejjajiva and Suthep Thaugsuban, politicians opposed to Thaksin, for their role in the 2010 crackdown. PDRC protesters accused the proposed bill of being a backdoor attempt to allow Thaksin Shinawatra to return home from self-imposed exile without facing a corruption conviction. After opposition from both the Democrat Party and parts of the pro-government Red Shirt movement, the bill was rejected unanimously by the Senate of Thailand on 11 November. On 20 November the Constitutional Court also ruled that a government-proposed amendment to the 2007 constitution that would have made the Senate a fully elected body was invalid.

PDRC protests in Bangkok continued, disrupting economic life and government functioning with a series of rallies at 11 key sites across the city. The protests reached their height in mid-January 2014, at which point they involved nearly 500,000 people. By late-April they had declined significantly and involved no more than several thousand protestors.

Prime Minister Yingluck dissolved the Thai parliament following the recommencement of protests and announced a new election in accordance with the Thai constitution. The constitution stated that elections must be held 45 to 60 days from the date that parliament is dissolved. The PDRC opposed the election announcement and stated that it would boycott the process. The election was held on 2 February and the PDRC disrupted polling in parts of Bangkok and southern Thailand, causing the result to be annulled by the Thai courts.

Despite attempts by the private sector, military and caretaker government to find a solution to the crisis, PDRC leader Suthep Thaugsuban said he would not negotiate with the government, the military or any other mediator, but would fight until the PDRC achieved its goal of having a royally-appointed people council conduct reforms before any election to eradicate the "Thaksin regime". Yingluck Shinawatra continued as caretaker prime minister for three months after the annulled election until she was controversially removed from office by the Constitutional Court on 7 May over the transfer of a senior security officer in 2011. The military then launched a coup later in May. In 2021, political scientists Duncan McCargo and Naruemon Thabchumpon wrote that the PDRC "bears a significant degree of responsibility for the fact that Thailand remains under a hybrid form of military rule today."

Organizations aligned with the PDRC

  • The Democrat Party, conservative and royalist backed by the military and most of the Bangkok-based elite with also strong support in south Thailand.
  • The Network of Students and People for Reform of Thailand (NSPRT), the PDRC hardline faction under the leadership of Nithithorn Lamleua and Uthai Yodmanee.
  • The People's Alliance for Democracy or "Yellow shirt" rebranded as the "People's Movement to Overthrow the Thaksin Regime" (Pefot). The PAD consists of mainly of royalist upper and middle-class Bangkokians and Southerners, supported by some factions of the Thai Army, some leaders of Democrat Party, and members of state-enterprise labor unions. The PAD was responsible for the seizure of Suvarnabhumi International Airport in 2008.
  • The Dharma Army, led by former Palang Dharma Party leader Major General Chamlong Srimuang and a key leader of the People's Alliance for Democracy. The Dharma army is a network of foundations and associations, the most known is the Santi Asoke Buddhist sect.
  • "Rubbish Collection Organisation" founded by Rienthong Nanna (director of Mongkutwattana General Hospital) that aims at persecuting citizens who — in their view — do not respect the monarchy sufficiently. The rhetoric of this ultra-royalist vigilante group has induced fear of a potential "witch-hunt" on dissenters. Their likening of opponents to "trash" has been condemned as dehumanising by Human Rights Watch and the Simon Wiesenthal Center's dean Abraham Cooper.

Leaders

  • Suthep Thaugsuban, Secretary-general of PDRC; former Democrat Party secretary-general, former MP from Surat Thani, former deputy prime minister (2008–2011)
  • Akanat Promphan, former Democrat Party MP for Bangkok
  • Chumpol Julasai, former Democrat Party MP for Chumphon
  • Issara Somchai, former Democrat Party MP for Ubon Ratchathani, former minister of social development and human security
  • Nataphol Teepsuwan, former Democrat Party MP for Bangkok
  • Puttipong Punnakanta, former Democrat Party MP for Bangkok, former deputy governor of bangkok
  • Sathit Wongnongtoey, former Democrat Party MP for Trang, former minister to the office of the Prime Minister (2008–11)
  • Thaworn Senniam, former Democrat Party MP for Songkhla, former deputy interior minister
  • Witthaya Kaewparadai, former deputy chairman of the Democrat Party, former minister of public health (2008–09)

Major allies

Many Thai artists, actors, singers and celebrities expressed support for the PDRC, including Yong Lookyee, Jetrin Wattanasin, Jirayut Wattanasin, Pongpat Wachirabunjong, Sinjai Plengpanich, Chatchai Plengpanich, Sattawat "Tae" Sethakorn, Pongsak "Aof" Rattanapong, Pakin "Tono" Khamwilaisak, Pattaratida "Tangmo" Patcharaveerapong, Thep Po-ngam, Rang Rockestra, Caravan, Chintara Sukapatana, Jarunee Suksawat, Sarawit "Mor Kong" Subun, Atom Samphanthapab, Sakchai Guy, Pornthip Rojanasunand, Krisana Kraisintu, Kamron Pramoj na Ayudhya, Achita Pramoj na Ayudhya, Nussaba Punnakanta, ML Piyapas Bhirombhakdi, the Chirathivat family, Chai Rachwat, Kanok Ratwongsakul, Teera Tanyapaibul, Suthipong Thamawuit, Santisuk Promsiri, Rattanaballang Tohssawat, Lalita "Mew" Panyopas, Kijmanoch "Kru Lilly" Rojanasupya, Treechada "Nong Poy" Petcharat.

Notes

  1. Full title: Thai: คณะกรรมการประชาชนเพื่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงประเทศไทยให้เป็นประชาธิปไตยที่สมบูรณ์ อันมีพระมหากษัตริย์ทรงเป็นประมุข, lit. 'people's committee for changing Thailand into a complete democracy with the king as head of state'
  2. "The sovereign power belongs to the Thai people. The King as Head of State shall exercise such power through the National Assembly, the Council of Ministers and the Courts in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution."
  3. "Whenever no provision under this Constitution is applicable to any case, it shall be decided in accordance with the constitutional convention in the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State."

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