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| {{short description|British merchant navy ship}} | |||
| {{For|the Great Atlantic Conveyor in ]|Thermohaline circulation}} | {{For|the Great Atlantic Conveyor in ]|Thermohaline circulation}} | ||
| {{ |
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} | |||
| {|{{Infobox ship begin}} | {|{{Infobox ship begin}} | ||
| {{Infobox ship image | {{Infobox ship image | ||
| |Ship image= | |Ship image=Atlantic Conveyor (cropped).jpg | ||
| ⚫ | |Ship caption=''Atlantic Conveyor'' approaching the Falklands. On or about 19 May 1982. | ||
| |Ship caption= | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| {{Infobox ship career | {{Infobox ship career | ||
| |Hide header= | |Hide header= | ||
| |Ship country= | |Ship country=United Kingdom | ||
| |Ship flag={{shipboxflag|UK|civil}} | |Ship flag={{shipboxflag|UK|civil}} | ||
| |Ship name=''Atlantic Conveyor'' | |Ship name=''Atlantic Conveyor'' | ||
| |Ship operator=] | |Ship operator=] | ||
| |Ship builder=], |
|Ship builder=], Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom | ||
| |Ship yard number= | |Ship yard number= | ||
| |Ship ordered= | |Ship ordered= | ||
| |Ship laid down= | |Ship laid down= | ||
| |Ship launched= | |Ship launched=25 August 1969 | ||
| |Ship completed=1970 | |Ship completed= March 1970 | ||
| |Ship acquired= | |Ship acquired= | ||
| |Ship in service= | |Ship in service= | ||
| |Ship out of service= | |Ship out of service= | ||
| |Ship identification= {{IMO Number|6926036}} | |Ship identification= {{IMO Number|6926036}} | ||
| |Ship fate=struck by two ] on 25 May 1982 |
|Ship fate=*struck by two ] on 25 May 1982 | ||
| * Burnt and subsequently abandoned | |||
| |Ship status= | |||
| * Eventually sank whilst under tow on 28 May 1982<ref name="BoI">{{cite book |url=http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/EC14467A-DFAF-4030-BDFB-9E1AAF00205E/0/boi_atlanticconveyorpt1.pdf |title=Board of Inquiry (REPORT): Loss of SS Atlantic Conveyor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012134301/http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/EC14467A-DFAF-4030-BDFB-9E1AAF00205E/0/boi_atlanticconveyorpt1.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2012 |date=21 July 1982 |access-date=28 September 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> | |||
| |Ship notes= | |Ship notes= | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| Line 29: | Line 32: | ||
| |Hide header= | |Hide header= | ||
| |Header caption= | |Header caption= | ||
| |Ship |
|Ship type= ] | ||
| |Ship tonnage=14, |
|Ship tonnage={{GRT|14,946}} | ||
| |Ship displacement= | |Ship displacement= | ||
| |Ship length= | |Ship length= {{convert|695|ft|m|abbr=on}} | ||
| |Ship beam= | |Ship beam= {{convert|92|ft|m|abbr=on}} | ||
| |Ship height= | |Ship height= | ||
| |Ship draught= 9,1 m<ref name="WS">{{Cite web |date=2008-08-28 |title=SS Atlantic Conveyor |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?15281 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=www.wrecksite.eu |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
| |Ship draught= | |||
| |Ship draft= | |Ship draft= | ||
| |Ship ice class= | |Ship ice class= | ||
| |Ship sail plan= | |Ship sail plan= | ||
| |Ship propulsion= | |Ship propulsion= 4 steam turbines, 2 propellers<ref name="WS" /> | ||
| |Ship speed=23 |
|Ship speed={{convert|23|kn}} | ||
| |Ship capacity= | |Ship capacity= | ||
| |Ship crew= | |Ship crew= | ||
| Line 55: | Line 58: | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| ''Atlantic Conveyor'' was a 14,950 ton ] ] owned by ]. She was built along with six other container ships, each named ''Atlantic'' and sailing under different national flags |
''Atlantic Conveyor'' was a 14,950 ton ] ] owned by ]. She was built along with six other container ships, each named with the prefix ''Atlantic'', and each sailing under different national flags by different companies for the ] consortium. | ||
| Along with her sister ship, '']'', ''Atlantic Conveyor'' was requisitioned by the ] at the beginning of the ] through the ] |
Along with her sister ship, '']'', ''Atlantic Conveyor'' was requisitioned by the ] at the beginning of the ] through the ] (ship taken up from trade) system. Because of the short time available, the decision that the ship was not "a high-value unit", and a controversy over whether arming auxiliaries was legal, ''Atlantic Conveyor'' was not fitted with either an active or a passive defence system.<ref name = "Times"> | ||
| {{cite news | {{cite news | ||
| | last = Evans | | last = Evans | ||
| Line 64: | Line 67: | ||
| | work = ] | | work = ] | ||
| | date = 11 December 2007 | | date = 11 December 2007 | ||
| | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article3031542.ece | location=London}} | | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article3031542.ece | location=London}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} | ||
| </ref> | </ref> | ||
| The ships were used to carry supplies for the Royal Navy Task Force sent by the British government to retake the ] from ] occupation. Sailing for ] on 25 April 1982, ''Atlantic Conveyor'' carried a cargo of six ] helicopters from ] and five ] ] from ]. At Ascension, she picked up eight ] ] (]) and six RAF ] jump jets. | The ships were used to carry supplies for the Royal Navy Task Force sent by the British government to retake the ] from ] occupation. Sailing for ] on 25 April 1982, ''Atlantic Conveyor'' carried a cargo of six ] helicopters from ] and five ] ] from ]. At Ascension, she picked up eight ] ] (]) and six RAF ] jump jets. | ||
| One Chinook of B flight ] left |
One Chinook of B flight ] left ''Atlantic Conveyor'' to support operations on Ascension. With the aircraft stored she then set sail for the South Atlantic. On arrival off the Falklands in mid-May, all of the Harriers were off-loaded to the carriers; the GR.3s going to ] while the Sea Harriers were divided amongst the existing squadrons on ''Hermes'' and ]. With the additional aircraft on ''Hermes'' a ] helicopter was flown and parked on ''Atlantic Conveyor'' on 20 May 1982. | ||
| ⚫ | On 25 May 1982 (the same day as the loss of ]) ''Atlantic Conveyor'' was hit by two<ref name = "Times"/> AM39 Air Launched Exocet missiles fired by two Argentine Navy ] jet fighters. The mission was led by Corvette Captain ] (call sign 'Tito'), flying Super Etendard 0753/3-A-203, and his wingman, Warship Lieutenant Julio Barraza, (call sign 'Leo') flying in 0754/3-A-204<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/Exocet.html |title=Argentine Aircraft in the Falklands |publisher=Britains-smallwars.com |access-date=16 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223051413/http://britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/Exocet.html |archive-date=23 February 2009 }}</ref>—both from ]. | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | On 25 May 1982 (the same day as the loss of ]) ''Atlantic Conveyor'' was hit by two<ref name = "Times"/> AM39 Air Launched Exocet missiles fired by two Argentine Navy ] jet fighters. The mission was led by Corvette Captain ] |
||
| At the time of the attack, ''Conveyor'' was sailing in line abreast with RFA ''Regent'' and the flagship, HMS ''Hermes'', on course 170 and had two helicopters in the air transferring stores.{{fact|date=May 2014}} The Argentinians had been able to extend the range of their attacking aircraft through in-flight refueling and approached from an unexpected northwesterly direction catching the British by surprise. Avoiding the outer screen of decoys and warships, the pilots managed to close the core ships of the Task Force.{{fact|date=May 2014}} | |||
| Bearings recorded on the day indicate that the pilots correctly identified ''Hermes''{{fact|date=May 2014}} and passed her coordinates to the Exocets at launch. The Exocets were 'Fire and Forget' weapons programmed to fly directly towards the target at low level on autopilot{{fact|date=May 2014}}, thus avoiding distraction by British chaff decoys from launch until their final approach{{Dubious|date=May 2014}}<!-- This is bullshit, Exocet flies at low level to avoid detection -->{{Or|date=May 2014}} | |||
| ''Hermes'' and ''Invincible'' carried out their planned defensive manoeuvre of turning their bows towards the threat to reduce their radar profiles. As documented in the Board of Inquiry report into Conveyor’s loss, Hermes ordered the electronically blind Conveyor to turn immediately onto course 040, which would have left her exactly side on to the approaching missiles maximizing her radar profile.{{fact|date=May 2014}} | |||
| In the final minute of flight both Exocets turned on their radars to update the location of the target. They looked for the largest ship in the proximity of the original coordinates, which by now (through the manoeuvres) had become Conveyor and they turned towards her.{{fact|date=May 2014}} | |||
| Both Exocets struck ''Atlantic Conveyor'' on the port quarter of the ship. There are conflicting accounts on whether the warheads exploded after penetrating the ship's hull,<ref>{{cite book | Both Exocets struck ''Atlantic Conveyor'' on the port quarter of the ship. There are conflicting accounts on whether the warheads exploded after penetrating the ship's hull,<ref>{{cite book | ||
| Line 90: | Line 84: | ||
| | location = Oxford | | location = Oxford | ||
| | page = 55 | | page = 55 | ||
| | isbn = 1-84176-293- |
| isbn = 978-1-84176-293-7}} | ||
| </ref> or on impact.<ref name="BoI"/> Witness ] reported that debris caused "splashes in the water about a quarter of a mile away". He said that the incident "was an experience I shall never forget ... horrific".<ref name="gh19831112">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NPs9AAAAIBAJ&pg=4110,2766700|title=Prince Andrew talks of Falklands horror|work=Glasgow Herald|date=14 November 1983|page=2}}</ref> All the survivors were taken to HMS ''Hermes''. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Because both fuel and ammunition were stored below decks, the incendiary effect of the unburnt propellant from the missiles caused an uncontrollable fire. When the fire had burnt out, the ship was boarded but nothing was recovered. While under tow by the requisitioned tug ''Irishman'', ''Atlantic Conveyor'' sank in the early morning of 28 May 1982. Six ]es, three ], and a ] were destroyed by fire;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/F63-Falklands-British_aircraft_lost.htm|title=British Aircraft lost – Falklands War 1982|website=www.naval-history.net}}</ref> only one Chinook (ZA718 ']') and one Westland Wessex, were saved.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/news/royalairforcech47chinookbravonovember.cfm |title=Royal Air Force CH47 Chinook 'Bravo November' |author=Royal Air Force |year=2010 |publisher=] |access-date=6 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405224655/http://www.raf.mod.uk/news/royalairforcech47chinookbravonovember.cfm |archive-date=5 April 2011 |df=dmy-all |author-link=Royal Air Force }}</ref> The loss of these helicopters meant that British troops had to ] to recapture ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-20 |title=The Atlantic Conveyor – Think Defence |url=https://www.thinkdefence.co.uk/the-atlantic-conveyor/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.thinkdefence.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Twelve men died in ''Atlantic Conveyor'', including the ship's master, Captain Ian North, who was posthumously awarded the ] (DSC). The ship was the first British merchant vessel lost at sea to enemy fire since ]. | ||
| ⚫ | Twelve men died in ''Atlantic Conveyor'',<ref name="BoI"/> including the ship's master, Captain ], who was posthumously awarded the ] (DSC).<ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Paul |title=Abandon Ship: The Real Story of the Sinkings in the Falklands War |year=2021 |publisher=] |isbn=9781472846426 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a87yDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Abandon+Ship%22+%22Ian+Harry+North%22&pg=PT224 |page=n/a |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> The ship was the first British merchant vessel lost at sea to enemy fire since ]. | ||
| The ship's replacement was built on ]. | The ship's replacement was built on ]. | ||
| Piloting a Sea King helicopter of ], ] (then second in line to the throne) was first to lift off survivors.<ref>{{cite web|first=Robert|last=Taylor|title=Sea King Rescue, signed by Prince Andrew|url=http://www.naval-art.com/tankers,_cargo_ships.htm }}</ref> | |||
| ==Techniques to defeat anti-ship missiles== | |||
| A dangerous task carried out by Sea Kings was to act as decoys, to deflect sea-skimming missiles away from surface ships. This was achieved by hovering close to the ship and as the radar seeker could not resolve targets in ] the ship/helicopter combination appeared as a single target. If the helicopter was not too high the missile guidance system would aim for the centroid of its apparent target and hopefully pass between the two. Prince Andrew at one point flew his helicopter as an Exocet missile decoy.<ref>{{cite web|first=Defence News|title=Flypast brings curtain down on Falklands commemorative events |url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/HistoryAndHonour/FlypastBringsCurtainDownOnFalklandsCommemorativeEventsvideo.htm |date=June 2007}}{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref> Chaff rockets aim to seduce a missile with a similar technique by increasing the apparent length of the target.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Helicopter Museum|url=http://www.hmfriends.org.uk/falklands25th.htm }}</ref> | |||
| The size of the ship's ] (RCS) was too great to allow chaff decoys to be effective and their employment would have been unlikely to have affected the outcome.<ref>Target Detection by Marine Radar, John N Briggs, ]</ref> It has also been claimed—incorrectly—that the hull of the ship acted as a decoy against a subsequent Exocet attack.<ref>{{cite book|author=Insight Team Sunday Times|year=1982|title=War in the Falklands: the Full Story|publisher=The Sunday Times|isbn= 0-06-015082-3}}</ref> | |||
| ==Crew== | ==Crew== | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| The vessel carried a Merchant Navy crew of 33. This included |
The vessel carried a Merchant Navy crew of 33. This included 12 officers (master, chief officer, second officer, third officer, radio officer, chief engineer, second engineer, two third engineers, fourth engineer, electrician and purser), 10 petty officers (bosun, four mechanics, two first cooks, second cook and baker, second cook and second steward) and 11 ratings (five seamen, three greasers and three assistant stewards). Of the 12 men killed in the sinking of ''Atlantic Conveyor'' six were from the ], three from the ] and three sailors from the ]. | ||
| ==Deaths== | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| The 12 men killed in the sinking of ''Atlantic Conveyor'' were: | |||
| ;] | |||
| * Bosun (Petty Officer I) John B. Dobson | |||
| * Mechanic (Petty Officer I) Frank Foulkes | |||
| * Assistant Steward David R. S. Hawkins | |||
| * Mechanic (Petty Officer II) James Hughes | |||
| * Captain Ian H. North, DSC | |||
| * Mechanic (Petty Officer II) Ernest M. Vickers | |||
| ;] | |||
| * First Radio Officer Ronald Hoole | |||
| * Laundryman Ng Por | |||
| * Laundryman Chan Chi Shing | |||
| ;] | |||
| * Chief Petty Officer Edmund Flanagan | |||
| * Air Engineering Mechanic (R) Adrian J. Anslow | |||
| * Leading Air Engineering Mechanic (L) Don L. Pryce | |||
| As the last resting place of the remains of those who died, the wreck is designated as a ''protected place'' under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986. | As the last resting place of the remains of those who died, the wreck is designated as a ''protected place'' under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986. | ||
| The officers' bar on M/V Atlantic Conveyor, built 1984 in |
The officers' bar on M/V ''Atlantic Conveyor'', built 1984 in Swan Hunter, Wallsend is named "The North Bar" after Captain Ian North. | ||
| ==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
| * Charles Drought |
* Charles Drought – ''N. P. 1840 The Loss of the Atlantic Conveyor'' (2003) {{ISBN|1-901231-41-0}} | ||
| * | * | ||
| ==Notes and references== | ==Notes and references== | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
| {{Cunard ships}} | {{Cunard ships}} | ||
| {{Falklands War British ships}} | {{Falklands War British ships}} | ||
| {{1982 shipwrecks}} | |||
| {{Coord|50|40|S|54|28|W|display=title}} | {{Coord|50|40|S|54|28|W|display=title}} | ||
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| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
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Latest revision as of 03:37, 27 September 2024
British merchant navy ship For the Great Atlantic Conveyor in Oceanography, see Thermohaline circulation.
.jpg) Atlantic Conveyor approaching the Falklands. On or about 19 May 1982.
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Atlantic Conveyor |
| Operator | Cunard Line |
| Builder | Swan Hunter, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom |
| Launched | 25 August 1969 |
| Completed | March 1970 |
| Identification | IMO number: 6926036 |
| Fate |
|
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Container ship |
| Tonnage | 14,946 GRT |
| Length | 695 ft (212 m) |
| Beam | 92 ft (28 m) |
| Draught | 9,1 m |
| Propulsion | 4 steam turbines, 2 propellers |
| Speed | 23 knots (43 km/h; 26 mph) |
Atlantic Conveyor was a British merchant navy ship, registered in Liverpool, that was requisitioned during the Falklands War.
She was hit on 25 May 1982 by two Argentine air-launched AM39 Exocet missiles, killing 12 sailors. Atlantic Conveyor sank whilst under tow on 28 May 1982.
The wrecksite is designated under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986.
History
Atlantic Conveyor was a 14,950 ton roll-on, roll-off container ship owned by Cunard. She was built along with six other container ships, each named with the prefix Atlantic, and each sailing under different national flags by different companies for the Atlantic Container Line consortium.
Along with her sister ship, Atlantic Causeway, Atlantic Conveyor was requisitioned by the Ministry of Defence at the beginning of the Falklands War through the STUFT (ship taken up from trade) system. Because of the short time available, the decision that the ship was not "a high-value unit", and a controversy over whether arming auxiliaries was legal, Atlantic Conveyor was not fitted with either an active or a passive defence system.
The ships were used to carry supplies for the Royal Navy Task Force sent by the British government to retake the Falkland Islands from Argentine occupation. Sailing for Ascension Island on 25 April 1982, Atlantic Conveyor carried a cargo of six Wessex helicopters from 848 Naval Air Squadron and five RAF Chinook HC.1s from No. 18 Squadron RAF. At Ascension, she picked up eight Fleet Air Arm Sea Harriers (809 Squadron) and six RAF Harrier GR.3 jump jets.
One Chinook of B flight No. 18 Squadron RAF left Atlantic Conveyor to support operations on Ascension. With the aircraft stored she then set sail for the South Atlantic. On arrival off the Falklands in mid-May, all of the Harriers were off-loaded to the carriers; the GR.3s going to HMS Hermes while the Sea Harriers were divided amongst the existing squadrons on Hermes and HMS Invincible. With the additional aircraft on Hermes a Lynx HAS.2 helicopter was flown and parked on Atlantic Conveyor on 20 May 1982.
On 25 May 1982 (the same day as the loss of HMS Coventry) Atlantic Conveyor was hit by two AM39 Air Launched Exocet missiles fired by two Argentine Navy Super Étendard jet fighters. The mission was led by Corvette Captain Roberto Curilovic (call sign 'Tito'), flying Super Etendard 0753/3-A-203, and his wingman, Warship Lieutenant Julio Barraza, (call sign 'Leo') flying in 0754/3-A-204—both from 2da Escuadrilla Aeronaval de Caza y Ataque.
Both Exocets struck Atlantic Conveyor on the port quarter of the ship. There are conflicting accounts on whether the warheads exploded after penetrating the ship's hull, or on impact. Witness Prince Andrew reported that debris caused "splashes in the water about a quarter of a mile away". He said that the incident "was an experience I shall never forget ... horrific". All the survivors were taken to HMS Hermes.
Because both fuel and ammunition were stored below decks, the incendiary effect of the unburnt propellant from the missiles caused an uncontrollable fire. When the fire had burnt out, the ship was boarded but nothing was recovered. While under tow by the requisitioned tug Irishman, Atlantic Conveyor sank in the early morning of 28 May 1982. Six Westland Wessexes, three Boeing Chinooks, and a Westland Lynx were destroyed by fire; only one Chinook (ZA718 'Bravo November') and one Westland Wessex, were saved. The loss of these helicopters meant that British troops had to march on foot across the Falklands to recapture Stanley.
Twelve men died in Atlantic Conveyor, including the ship's master, Captain Ian Harry North, who was posthumously awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC). The ship was the first British merchant vessel lost at sea to enemy fire since World War II.
The ship's replacement was built on Tyneside.
Crew
The vessel carried a Merchant Navy crew of 33. This included 12 officers (master, chief officer, second officer, third officer, radio officer, chief engineer, second engineer, two third engineers, fourth engineer, electrician and purser), 10 petty officers (bosun, four mechanics, two first cooks, second cook and baker, second cook and second steward) and 11 ratings (five seamen, three greasers and three assistant stewards). Of the 12 men killed in the sinking of Atlantic Conveyor six were from the Merchant Navy, three from the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and three sailors from the Royal Navy.
As the last resting place of the remains of those who died, the wreck is designated as a protected place under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986.
The officers' bar on M/V Atlantic Conveyor, built 1984 in Swan Hunter, Wallsend is named "The North Bar" after Captain Ian North.
Further reading
- Charles Drought – N. P. 1840 The Loss of the Atlantic Conveyor (2003) ISBN 1-901231-41-0
- Board of Inquiry into the Loss of SS Atlantic Conveyor
Notes and references
- ^ Board of Inquiry (REPORT): Loss of SS Atlantic Conveyor (PDF). 21 July 1982. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
- ^ "SS Atlantic Conveyor [+1982]". www.wrecksite.eu. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- Designation under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 by SI2008/950, Office of Public Sector Information, The National Archives. Retrieved 17 July 2008.
- ^ Evans, Michael (11 December 2007). "Legal fears left Atlantic Conveyor defenceless". The Times. London.
- "Argentine Aircraft in the Falklands". Britains-smallwars.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2011.
- Chant, Christopher (2001). Air War in the Falklands 1982. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-84176-293-7.
- "Prince Andrew talks of Falklands horror". Glasgow Herald. 14 November 1983. p. 2.
- "British Aircraft lost – Falklands War 1982". www.naval-history.net.
- Royal Air Force (2010). "Royal Air Force CH47 Chinook 'Bravo November'". Royal Air Force. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
- "The Atlantic Conveyor – Think Defence". www.thinkdefence.co.uk. 20 March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- Brown, Paul (2021). Abandon Ship: The Real Story of the Sinkings in the Falklands War. Osprey Publishing. p. n/a. ISBN 9781472846426. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
50°40′S 54°28′W / 50.667°S 54.467°W / -50.667; -54.467
Categories:- Container ships
- Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
- Shipwrecks of the Falklands War
- Maritime incidents in 1982
- Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom
- Protected wrecks of the United Kingdom
- 1969 ships
- Ships built by Swan Hunter
- Ships built on the River Tyne
- Ships sunk by Argentine aircraft
- Merchant ships sunk by aircraft