| Revision as of 22:37, 7 June 2014 editDr.K. (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, File movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers110,824 editsm removed Category:Hanging using HotCat← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 12:01, 2 November 2024 edit undoCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,442,558 edits Altered doi-broken-date. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | #UCB_CommandLine | ||
| (42 intermediate revisions by 24 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Short description|Romanian forensic scientist and criminologist (1868–1941)}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}} | |||
| {{Infobox scientist | {{Infobox scientist | ||
| |name = Nicolae Minovici | | name = Nicolae Minovici | ||
| | image = Nicolae Minovici 2018 stamp of Romania.jpg | |||
| |image = | |||
| |image_size = | | image_size = 225px | ||
| |caption = | | caption = | ||
| |birth_date = {{Birth date|1868|10|23|df=yes}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|1868|10|23|df=yes}} | ||
| |death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|06|26|1868|10|23|df=yes}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1941|06|26|1868|10|23|df=yes}} | ||
| |birth_place = ] | | birth_place = ], România | ||
| |death_place = | | death_place = ], Romania | ||
| | death_cause = | |||
| |residence = | |||
| | resting_place = | |||
| |nationality = ]n | |||
| ⚫ | | fields = | ||
| |religion = | |||
| | workplaces = | |||
| |field = | |||
| | education = ] | |||
| |work_institution = | |||
| | alma_mater = ] | |||
| |alma_mater = | |||
| | thesis_title = Les tatouages en Roumanie | |||
| |doctoral_advisor = | |||
| | thesis_url = | |||
| |doctoral_students = | |||
| |known_for = Research in ], ] |
| thesis_year = 1898 | ||
| | known_for = Research in ], ] | |||
| |prizes = | |||
| |footnotes = | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| ], then an intern.]] | |||
| '''Nicolae Minovici''' (23 October 1868 |
'''Nicolae S. Minovici''' (23 October 1868 – 26 June 1941) was a ]n ] and ] who served as head of his country's ] service.<ref name="Minovici Foundation">{{cite web|title=Prof. Dr. Nicolae Minovici, founder of The Emergency Services 1868 – 1941|url=http://www.minovicifoundation.com/nicolae-minovici/|publisher=Minovici Foundation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110170739/http://www.minovicifoundation.com/|archive-date=10 November 2016|access-date=6 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="BeckerWetzell2006">{{cite book|author2-link=Richard Wetzell|author1=Peter Becker|author2=Richard F. Wetzell|title=Criminals and Their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwPrhiFOLowC&pg=PA356|date=9 January 2006|publisher=]|isbn=978-0-521-81012-8|page=356}}</ref> He is known for his studies investigating connections between ]ing and criminal behaviour,<ref name="BeckerWetzell2006"/> as well as his research on ] and its physiological effects on the human body.<ref name="Cochet2010">{{cite book|author=Françoise Cochet|title="Choking Game" and other Fainting Games: Practices, Consequences and Prevention – APEAS International Symposium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E0XLXBgAMmwC&pg=PA57|date= 2010|publisher=]|isbn=978-2-296-26041-2|pages=57–58|quote=wrote the Romanian Nicolas Minovici, who hanged himself twelve times for the sake of scientific progress.}}</ref><ref name="Ellis2012">{{cite book|author=Havelock Ellis|title=Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 1 The Evolution of Modesty, The Phenomena of Sexual Periodicity, Auto-Erotism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttDlpUjqHDcC&pg=PT279|date= 2012|publisher=Tredition|isbn=978-3-8424-9842-6|page=279}}</ref> | ||
| He was the founder of the Legal Medicine Association of Romania and the publisher of the Romanian journal of Legal Medicine.<ref name=JLM>{{cite journal|author1=Dan Dermengiu|title=Letter from the Editor|journal=Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine| url=http://www.rjlm.ro/index.php/letterfromtheeditor}}</ref> He also served as mayor of ].<ref name="Minovici Foundation"/> | |||
| ==Early life and education== | ==Early life and education== | ||
| Minovici was born in ] on 23 October 1868 |
Minovici was born in ] on 23 October 1868, into a family of ] origin; he had two older brothers, ] and ]. After going to elementary school in ], he completed his secondary education at ] in ].<ref name="Minovici Foundation"/> He pursued his studies at the ], and then he obtained his Ph.D. in ] in 1898, with thesis on "Les tatouages en Roumanie" (''Tattoos in Romania'')<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.rjlm.ro/system/revista/38/150-154.pdf|title=The Minovici siblings - medical pioneering and spiritual universe|first=Adrian|last=Majuru|doi=10.4323/rjlm.2016.150|journal=Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine |volume=24|pages=150–154 |year=2016|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 }}</ref> which he published next year in Archive des Sciences Médicales.<ref>{{citation| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYCHmM6e070C|title=Les tatouages en Roumanie|author=Nicolae S. Minovici|year=1899|journal=Archive des Sciences Médicales|issue=1–2|lang=fr|pages=51–106}}</ref> He also took additional courses in ] and ].<ref name="Minovici Foundation"/> | ||
| ==Research== | ==Research== | ||
| His research on the effects of hanging on the human body |
His research on the effects of hanging on the human body included performing multiple hanging experiments on himself, each lasting for a period of approximately five seconds.<ref name="Madea2014">{{cite book|author=Burkhard Madea|title=Handbook of Forensic Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B44fAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT1196|date=2014|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-1-118-57062-3|pages=1196–}}</ref> Minovici performed twelve hanging experiments involving himself as the subject.<ref name="Cochet2010"/> He used a ] attached to a knot which he then tied around his neck and experimented with various positions of the knot around his neck, observing associated phenomena such as vision disturbances, change of skin colouring and ringing in his ears as well as the speed of the onset of these symptoms. He also attempted between six and seven hangings with the assistance of his aides and only experienced pain on the occasion when his feet lost contact with the ground. One of his assistants pulled the rope while loudly counting the time allotted for the experiment.<ref name="Cochet2010"/><ref name="Boese2012">{{cite book|author=Alex Boese|title=Electrified Sheep: Glass-eating Scientists, Nuking the Moon, and More Bizarre Experiments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j38Uz1FVYgoC&pg=PT476|date=5 June 2012|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1-250-01510-5|page=476}}</ref> | ||
| In the initial experiments the knot was not constricting and his feet were raised two metres above ground.<ref name="Boese2012"/> In this configuration, after a progressive series of experiments each lasting longer than its predecessor, he was able to remain hanging for a maximum of twenty five seconds.<ref name="Boese2012"/> In his final experiment using a regular, constricting, ] he was able to stand only for four seconds, before he gave the signal to his aides to stop the experiment. During that experiment his feet had remained in contact with the ground. Nevertheless, he experienced pain, while swallowing, for a month following that experiment.<ref name="Boese2012"/> |
In the initial experiments the knot was not constricting and his feet were raised two metres above ground.<ref name="Boese2012"/> In this configuration, after a progressive series of experiments each lasting longer than its predecessor, he was able to remain hanging for a maximum of twenty five seconds.<ref name="Boese2012"/> In his final experiment using a regular, constricting, ] he was able to stand only for four seconds, before he gave the signal to his aides to stop the experiment. During that experiment his feet had remained in contact with the ground. Nevertheless, he experienced pain, while swallowing, for a month following that experiment.<ref name="Boese2012"/> | ||
| He also performed choking experiments on volunteers by applying pressure on their ] and ] for up to five seconds, until the faces of his subjects became red. During their post-experiment accounts, the volunteers recounted experiences such as vision problems, heat sensation in the head, as well as ]s such as a tingling and numbing sensation in multiple places of their bodies.<ref name="Cochet2010" |
He also performed choking experiments on volunteers by applying pressure on their ] and ] for up to five seconds, until the faces of his subjects became red. During their post-experiment accounts, the volunteers recounted experiences such as vision problems, heat sensation in the head, as well as ]s such as a tingling and numbing sensation in multiple places of their bodies.<ref name="Cochet2010"/> | ||
| His research on hanging was published in a 200-page work titled |
His research on hanging was published in a 200-page work titled ''Study on hanging'', in two language editions. The Romanian edition was published in 1904 while the French language one was published in 1905.<ref name="Minovici Foundation"/> | ||
| ==Death== | ==Death and legacy== | ||
| ] in Bucharest]] | |||
| Minovici died in |
Minovici died in Bucharest in 1941 from an illness affecting his ].<ref name="Minovici Foundation"/> He died a bachelor, bequeathing his estate, including his home, which was built by architect ],<ref name=Museum>{{cite web|title=Muzeul de Arta Populara "Dr. Nicolae Minovici"|url=http://www.minovici.ro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4|website=Minovici|publisher=Asociaţia Prietenii Muzeelor Minovici|access-date=27 May 2015|location=Bucharest, Romania|language=Romanian}}</ref> and a collection of Romanian ], to his country.<ref name="SpenderKristol1963">{{cite book|author1=Stephen Spender|author2=Irving Kristol|title=Encounter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCsdAQAAMAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Encounter Limited|volume=21|page=96|quote=This was built by Professor Nicolae Minovici, a fashionable doctor and philanthropist, who died unmarried in 1941, ... but an experiment: the Professor used to hang himself from time to time in the presence of doctors to test the effects}}</ref> His home in the ] district of Bucharest is now an ] museum, called the ];<ref name="Minovici Foundation"/> the street next to it also bears his name. | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{ |
{{Reflist|30em}} | ||
| {{Commons category|Nicolae Minovici}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| {{Persondata | |||
| ⚫ | | |
||
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | |||
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | |||
| | DATE OF BIRTH = 23 October 1868 | |||
| | PLACE OF BIRTH = | |||
| | DATE OF DEATH = 26 June 1941 | |||
| | PLACE OF DEATH = | |||
| }} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Minovici, Nicolae}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Minovici, Nicolae}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 12:01, 2 November 2024
Romanian forensic scientist and criminologist (1868–1941)
| Nicolae Minovici | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | (1868-10-23)23 October 1868 Râmnicu Sărat, România |
| Died | 26 June 1941(1941-06-26) (aged 72) Bucharest, Romania |
| Education | Saint Sava National College |
| Alma mater | Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy |
| Known for | Research in forensic science, criminology |
| Scientific career | |
| Thesis | Les tatouages en Roumanie (1898) |
Nicolae S. Minovici (23 October 1868 – 26 June 1941) was a Romanian forensic scientist and criminologist who served as head of his country's anthropometric service. He is known for his studies investigating connections between tattooing and criminal behaviour, as well as his research on hanging and its physiological effects on the human body.
He was the founder of the Legal Medicine Association of Romania and the publisher of the Romanian journal of Legal Medicine. He also served as mayor of Băneasa.
Early life and education
Minovici was born in Râmnicu Sărat on 23 October 1868, into a family of Aromanian origin; he had two older brothers, Mina Minovici and Ștefan Minovici. After going to elementary school in Brăila, he completed his secondary education at Saint Sava High School in Bucharest. He pursued his studies at the Faculty of Medicine, and then he obtained his Ph.D. in forensic science in 1898, with thesis on "Les tatouages en Roumanie" (Tattoos in Romania) which he published next year in Archive des Sciences Médicales. He also took additional courses in psychiatry and pathological anatomy.
Research
His research on the effects of hanging on the human body included performing multiple hanging experiments on himself, each lasting for a period of approximately five seconds. Minovici performed twelve hanging experiments involving himself as the subject. He used a dynamometer attached to a knot which he then tied around his neck and experimented with various positions of the knot around his neck, observing associated phenomena such as vision disturbances, change of skin colouring and ringing in his ears as well as the speed of the onset of these symptoms. He also attempted between six and seven hangings with the assistance of his aides and only experienced pain on the occasion when his feet lost contact with the ground. One of his assistants pulled the rope while loudly counting the time allotted for the experiment.
In the initial experiments the knot was not constricting and his feet were raised two metres above ground. In this configuration, after a progressive series of experiments each lasting longer than its predecessor, he was able to remain hanging for a maximum of twenty five seconds. In his final experiment using a regular, constricting, hangman's knot he was able to stand only for four seconds, before he gave the signal to his aides to stop the experiment. During that experiment his feet had remained in contact with the ground. Nevertheless, he experienced pain, while swallowing, for a month following that experiment.
He also performed choking experiments on volunteers by applying pressure on their carotid arteries and jugular veins for up to five seconds, until the faces of his subjects became red. During their post-experiment accounts, the volunteers recounted experiences such as vision problems, heat sensation in the head, as well as paraesthesias such as a tingling and numbing sensation in multiple places of their bodies.
His research on hanging was published in a 200-page work titled Study on hanging, in two language editions. The Romanian edition was published in 1904 while the French language one was published in 1905.
Death and legacy
Minovici died in Bucharest in 1941 from an illness affecting his vocal cords. He died a bachelor, bequeathing his estate, including his home, which was built by architect Cristofi Cerchez, and a collection of Romanian folk art, to his country. His home in the Băneasa district of Bucharest is now an ethnological museum, called the Nicolae Minovici Folk Art Museum; the street next to it also bears his name.
References
- ^ "Prof. Dr. Nicolae Minovici, founder of The Emergency Services 1868 – 1941". Minovici Foundation. Archived from the original on 10 November 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ Peter Becker; Richard F. Wetzell (9 January 2006). Criminals and Their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective. Cambridge University Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-521-81012-8.
- ^ Françoise Cochet (2010). "Choking Game" and other Fainting Games: Practices, Consequences and Prevention – APEAS International Symposium. Editions L'Harmattan. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-2-296-26041-2.
wrote the Romanian Nicolas Minovici, who hanged himself twelve times for the sake of scientific progress.
- Havelock Ellis (2012). Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 1 The Evolution of Modesty, The Phenomena of Sexual Periodicity, Auto-Erotism. Tredition. p. 279. ISBN 978-3-8424-9842-6.
- Dan Dermengiu. "Letter from the Editor". Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine.
- Majuru, Adrian (2016). "The Minovici siblings - medical pioneering and spiritual universe" (PDF). Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine. 24: 150–154. doi:10.4323/rjlm.2016.150 (inactive 1 November 2024).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - Nicolae S. Minovici (1899), "Les tatouages en Roumanie", Archive des Sciences Médicales (in French) (1–2): 51–106
- Burkhard Madea (2014). Handbook of Forensic Medicine. Wiley. pp. 1196–. ISBN 978-1-118-57062-3.
- ^ Alex Boese (5 June 2012). Electrified Sheep: Glass-eating Scientists, Nuking the Moon, and More Bizarre Experiments. St. Martin's Press. p. 476. ISBN 978-1-250-01510-5.
- "Muzeul de Arta Populara "Dr. Nicolae Minovici"". Minovici (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania: Asociaţia Prietenii Muzeelor Minovici. Retrieved 27 May 2015.
- Stephen Spender; Irving Kristol (1963). Encounter. Vol. 21. Encounter Limited. p. 96.
This was built by Professor Nicolae Minovici, a fashionable doctor and philanthropist, who died unmarried in 1941, ... but an experiment: the Professor used to hang himself from time to time in the presence of doctors to test the effects
- 1868 births
- 1941 deaths
- People from Râmnicu Sărat
- Romanian people of Aromanian descent
- Saint Sava National College alumni
- Mayors of places in Romania
- Romanian anatomists
- Romanian pathologists
- Forensic scientists
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy alumni
- People from the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia