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| {{short description|Graniela}} | |||
| {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}} | {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}} | ||
| {{Infobox |
{{Infobox country | ||
| |native_name = | |native_name = Reino de las Islas Canarias | ||
| |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of the Canary Islands | |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of the Canary Islands | ||
| |common_name = Canary Islands | |common_name = Canary Islands | ||
| |national_motto = | |national_motto = | ||
| |continent = Africa | |||
| |region = Mediterranean | |||
| |country = Spain | |||
| |era = Middle Ages | |era = Middle Ages | ||
| |government_type = Monarchy | |government_type = Monarchy | ||
| |status = Vassal of the ] | |status = ] of the ] | ||
| |year_start = |
|year_start = 1404 | ||
| |year_end = 1448 | |year_end = 1448 | ||
| |event_start = Conquest of ] | |event_start = Conquest of ] | ||
| |event_end = Lanzarote |
|event_end = Lordship of Lanzarote, ], and ] sold to ] (disputed by Castile) | ||
| |p1 = Guanches | |p1 = Guanches | ||
| |flag_p1 = | |flag_p1 = | ||
| Line 21: | Line 19: | ||
| |s2 = Crown of Castile | |s2 = Crown of Castile | ||
| |flag_s2 = Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg | |flag_s2 = Bandera de la Corona de Castilla.svg | ||
| |image_flag = Royal banner of Jean de Béthencourt.svg | |||
| |image_coat = | |||
| |image_coat = Coat of arms of Jean de Béthencourt.svg | |||
| |image_map |
|image_map = | ||
| |image_map_caption = | |image_map_caption = | ||
| |capital = ] (1404–1425)<br>] ( |
|capital = ] (1404–1425)<br>] (1425–) | ||
| |common_languages = ], ], ] | |common_languages = ],<br> ],<br> ] | ||
| |religion = |
|religion = ] (Official),<br> ] | ||
| |currency = | |currency = | ||
| |leader1 = Jean de Béthencourt | |leader1 = ] | ||
| |year_leader1 = |
|year_leader1 = 1404–1425 | ||
| |leader2 = Maciot de Béthencourt | |leader2 = ] | ||
| |year_leader2 = |
|year_leader2 = 1425–1448 | ||
| |title_leader = King | |title_leader = King | ||
| | today = ] | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| The '''Kingdom of the Canary Islands''' was a ] of the ] located in ], lasting from 1404 to 1448. | |||
| The '''Kingdom of the Canary Islands''' was founded in 1402/1404, although it had always recognized another country as their overlord. Its purpose was probably entirely to conquer the ], and to eventually be fully incorporated into the ] when complete. | |||
| ==First contact by Europeans== | ==First contact by Europeans== | ||
| Apart from |
Apart from earlier contact by Romans, one of the first known Europeans to have encountered the Canaries was the ] navigator ]. He arrived on the island of ] (which was probably named after him) in 1312 and stayed for almost two decades until he was expelled during a revolt by the native ] under the leadership of their king ].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/es-ic_k.html | title = Kingdom of the Canary Islands (Spain)| work = crwflags.com | first = Olivier | last = Touzeau }}</ref> | ||
| ==Conquest== | ==Conquest== | ||
| {{main|Conquest of the Canary Islands}} | {{main|Conquest of the Canary Islands}} | ||
| The conquest of the Canaries was started in 1402 by French-] ] ]. He had set sail from France one year earlier with a small army. He started the conquest in a rather friendly way by taking over the island of Lanzarote with the help of the locals. They would soon also take ] and ]. Their present king ] was the grandson of Zonzamas, who was king when Lancelotto Malocello had visited the island earlier. | The conquest of the Canaries was started in 1402 by French-] ] ]. He had set sail from France one year earlier with a small army. He started the conquest in a rather friendly way by taking over the island of Lanzarote with the help of the locals. They would soon also take ] and ]. Their present king ] was the grandson of Zonzamas, who was king when Lancelotto Malocello had visited the island earlier.{{cn|date=December 2022}} | ||
| When Béthencourt left the island for reinforcements from Castile, unrest broke out because of fighting between Norman officer ] and ], in which the natives had been involved. However, Béthencourt managed to calm the situation when he returned, and the Guanche leader was baptized on February 27, 1404, thus surrendering to the Europeans. Subsequently Jean de Béthencourt was proclaimed king of the Canaries by ], even though he recognized the Castilians as overlords. The remaining islands, ], ], ] and ], were gradually conquered over the course of a century or so. | When Béthencourt left the island for reinforcements from Castile, unrest broke out because of fighting between Norman officer ] and ], in which the natives had been involved. However, Béthencourt managed to calm the situation when he returned, and the Guanche leader was baptized on February 27, 1404, thus surrendering to the Europeans. Subsequently, Jean de ] was proclaimed king of the Canaries by ], even though he recognized the Castilians as overlords. The remaining islands, ], ], ] and ], were gradually conquered over the course of a century or so.{{cn|date=December 2022}} | ||
| ] | |||
| ] surrender to Javier Alonso Fernández de Lugo, July 25, 1496.]] | |||
| Jean de Béthencourt was, after his death, succeeded by his nephew ], who turned out to be a tyrant. He established ] as the new capital. The ] had been competing with the Castilians for the islands. The Castilians suspected that Maciot would sell the islands to them, which he did in 1448. Neither the natives nor the Castilians approved, and this led to a revolt which lasted until 1459 when the Portuguese were forced to leave. Portugal formally recognised Castile as the ruler of the Canary Islands in 1479 as part of the ]. | Jean de Béthencourt was, after his death, succeeded by his nephew ], who turned out to be a tyrant. He established ] as the new capital. The ] had been competing with the Castilians for the islands. The Castilians suspected that Maciot would sell the islands to them, which he did in 1448. Neither the natives nor the Castilians approved, and this led to a revolt which lasted until 1459 when the Portuguese were forced to leave. Portugal formally recognised Castile as the ruler of the Canary Islands in 1479 as part of the ].{{cn|date=December 2022}} | ||
| The military governor ] finally conquered the islands of La Palma in |
The military governor ] finally conquered the islands of La Palma (in 1492–1493) and Tenerife (in 1494–1496) for the ], thus completing the conquest of the island group.{{cn|date=December 2022}} | ||
| == |
==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| * | |||
| ⚫ | * | ||
| * | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{coord missing}} | |||
| ⚫ | * | ||
| {{coord|27.948|-15.603|type:adm1st_globe:earth_region:ES|display=title}} | |||
| {{Culture of Canary Islands}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Canary Islands, Kingdom of the}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Canary Islands, Kingdom of the}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 11:03, 26 November 2024
Graniela
| Kingdom of the Canary IslandsReino de las Islas Canarias | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1404–1448 | |||||||||||
Flag
Coat of arms
| |||||||||||
| Status | Vassal state of the Crown of Castile | ||||||||||
| Capital | Betancuria (1404–1425) Teguise (1425–) | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Norman, Early Modern Spanish, Guanche | ||||||||||
| Religion | Catholicism (Official), Guanche religion | ||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
| King | |||||||||||
| • 1404–1425 | Jean de Béthencourt | ||||||||||
| • 1425–1448 | Maciot de Béthencourt | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||
| • Conquest of Lanzarote | 1404 | ||||||||||
| • Lordship of Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, and El Hierro sold to Portugal (disputed by Castile) | 1448 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Today part of | Spain | ||||||||||
The Kingdom of the Canary Islands was a vassal state of the Crown of Castile located in North Africa, lasting from 1404 to 1448.
First contact by Europeans
Apart from earlier contact by Romans, one of the first known Europeans to have encountered the Canaries was the Genoan navigator Lancelotto Malocello. He arrived on the island of Lanzarote (which was probably named after him) in 1312 and stayed for almost two decades until he was expelled during a revolt by the native Guanches under the leadership of their king Zonzamas.
Conquest
Main article: Conquest of the Canary IslandsThe conquest of the Canaries was started in 1402 by French-Norman explorer Jean de Béthencourt. He had set sail from France one year earlier with a small army. He started the conquest in a rather friendly way by taking over the island of Lanzarote with the help of the locals. They would soon also take Fuerteventura and El Hierro. Their present king Guadarfia was the grandson of Zonzamas, who was king when Lancelotto Malocello had visited the island earlier.
When Béthencourt left the island for reinforcements from Castile, unrest broke out because of fighting between Norman officer Gadifer de la Salle and Berthin, in which the natives had been involved. However, Béthencourt managed to calm the situation when he returned, and the Guanche leader was baptized on February 27, 1404, thus surrendering to the Europeans. Subsequently, Jean de Béthencourt was proclaimed king of the Canaries by Pope Innocent VII, even though he recognized the Castilians as overlords. The remaining islands, La Gomera, Gran Canaria, Tenerife and La Palma, were gradually conquered over the course of a century or so.
Jean de Béthencourt was, after his death, succeeded by his nephew Maciot de Béthencourt, who turned out to be a tyrant. He established Teguise as the new capital. The Portuguese had been competing with the Castilians for the islands. The Castilians suspected that Maciot would sell the islands to them, which he did in 1448. Neither the natives nor the Castilians approved, and this led to a revolt which lasted until 1459 when the Portuguese were forced to leave. Portugal formally recognised Castile as the ruler of the Canary Islands in 1479 as part of the Treaty of Alcáçovas.
The military governor Alonso Fernández de Lugo finally conquered the islands of La Palma (in 1492–1493) and Tenerife (in 1494–1496) for the Crown of Castile, thus completing the conquest of the island group.
References
- Touzeau, Olivier. "Kingdom of the Canary Islands (Spain)". crwflags.com.
External links
27°56′53″N 15°36′11″W / 27.948°N 15.603°W / 27.948; -15.603
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