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A '''professional association''' (also called a '''professional body''', '''professional organization''', or '''professional society''') is usually a ] seeking to further a particular ], the interests of individuals engaged in that profession, and the ]. {{short description|Typically nonprofit organization seeking to further a particular profession}}
A '''professional association''' (also called a '''professional body''', '''professional organization''', or '''professional society''') is a group that usually seeks to ] a particular ], the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the ]. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes.<ref name="Speight">{{cite book|last=Speight|first=James|title=Educating Scientists and Engineers for Academic and Non-Academic Career Success|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9B7cBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA59|access-date=24 August 2018|date=2014-12-10|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781466553576|page=59|archive-date=2020-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126120918/https://books.google.com/books?id=9B7cBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA59|url-status=live}}</ref> In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Holmes |first1=CS |title=The Nature, Form And Purpose Of Contemporary Professional Associations: An Extended Case Study Of The British Association For Counselling And Psychotherapy |url=https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794007 |access-date=3 January 2023 |archive-date=3 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103113040/https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.794007 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Roles==
The roles of these professional associations have been variously defined: "A group of people in a learned occupation who are entrusted with maintaining control or oversight of the legitimate practice of the occupation;"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harvey |first1=L. |authorlink1=Lee Harvey (academic) |year=2004 |title=Professional body |work=Quality Research International |series=Analytic Quality Glossary |url=http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/professionalbody.htm}}</ref> also a body acting "to safeguard the public interest;"<ref name="Harvey_1995">{{cite book |last1=Harvey |first1=L. |authorlink1=Lee Harvey (academic) |last2=Mason |first2=S. |last3=Ward |first3=R. |title= Role of Professional Bodies in Higher Education Quality Monitoring |publisher=Quality in Higher Education Project |location=Birmingham |year=1995 |isbn=1-85920-108-3}}</ref> organizations which "represent the interest of the professional practitioners," and so "act to maintain their own privileged and powerful position as a controlling body."<ref name="Harvey_1995"/> This, in turn, places the burden of enforcing a profession ban upon these associations as well.
The roles of professional associations have been variously defined: "A group of people in a learned occupation who are entrusted with maintaining control or oversight of the legitimate practice of the occupation;"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harvey |first1=L. |author-link1=Lee Harvey (academic) |year=2004 |title=Professional body |work=Quality Research International |series=Analytic Quality Glossary |url=http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/professionalbody.htm |access-date=2008-09-14 |archive-date=2019-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216011251/http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/professionalbody.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> also a body acting "to safeguard the public interest;"<ref name="Harvey_1995">{{cite book |last1=Harvey |first1=L. |author-link1=Lee Harvey (academic) |last2=Mason |first2=S. |last3=Ward |first3=R. |title= Role of Professional Bodies in Higher Education Quality Monitoring |publisher=Quality in Higher Education Project |location=Birmingham |year=1995 |isbn=1-85920-108-3}}</ref> organizations which "represent the interest of the professional practitioners," and so "act to maintain their own privileged and powerful position as a controlling body."<ref name="Harvey_1995"/> Professional associations are ill defined although often have commonality in purpose and activities.<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Holmes |first1=CS |title=The Nature, Form And Purpose Of Contemporary Professional Associations: An Extended Case Study Of The British Association For Counselling And Psychotherapy |date=2019 |publisher=University of Leicester |doi=10.25392/leicester.data.11335652.v1 |url=https://leicester.figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_Nature_Form_And_Purpose_Of_Contemporary_Professional_Associations_An_Extended_Case_Study_Of_The_British_Association_For_Counselling_And_Psychotherapy/11335652/1 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> In the ] the ] defines a professional body as "an organisation with individual members practicing a profession or occupation in which the organisation maintains an oversight of the knowledge, skills, conduct and practice of that profession or occupation".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sciencecouncil.org/about-science/our-definition-of-a-professional-body/|title=Our definition of a Professional Body|publisher=]|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224173359/https://sciencecouncil.org/about-science/our-definition-of-a-professional-body/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ] distinguishes between statutory bodies and regulators that "have powers mandated by Parliament to regulate a profession or group of professions and protect the use of professional titles" and professional bodies that "are independent membership organisations that oversee the activities of a particular profession and represent the interests of members" and which "may offer registration or certification of unregulated occupations on a voluntary basis."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/quality-code/part-a.pdf|title=UK Quality Code for Higher Education: Part A: Seeing and Maintaining Academic Standards|publisher=Quality Assurance Agency|date=2018|access-date=23 February 2019|pages=5–6|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412150951/https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/quality-code/part-a.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Many professional bodies are involved in accrediting degrees, defining and examining the skills and competencies necessary to practice, and granting ]s to indicate that a person is qualified in the subject area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://targetjobs.co.uk/professional-qualification-and-accreditation|title=Professional bodies and professional qualification|publisher=Target Jobs|access-date=23 February 2019|archive-date=24 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224115843/https://targetjobs.co.uk/professional-qualification-and-accreditation|url-status=deviated }}</ref>
Such bodies generally strive to achieve a balance between these two often conflicting mandates. Though professional bodies often act to protect the public by maintaining and enforcing ] of ] and ] in their ], they often also act like a ] or a ] (trade union) for the members of the profession, though this description is commonly rejected by the body concerned.


Many professional bodies also act as ] for the ] underlying their professions,<ref name=Speight/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sha |first=Mandy |date=2019-05-14 |title=Professional Association and Pathways to Leadership in Our Profession |url=https://www.surveypractice.org/article/8192-professional-association-and-pathways-to-leadership-in-our-profession |journal=Survey Practice |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.29115/SP-2018-0039 |doi-access=free |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124073241/https://www.surveypractice.org/article/8192-professional-association-and-pathways-to-leadership-in-our-profession |archive-date= Nov 24, 2023 }}</ref> such as the ].
Therefore, in certain dispute situations the balance between these two aims may get tipped more in favor of protecting and defending the professionals than in protecting the public. An example can be used to illustrate this. In a dispute between a ] and his/her client or between a patient and his/her ], the ] or the ] will inevitably find itself plunged into a conflict of interest in (a) its wish to defend the interests of the client, while also (b) wishing to defend the interests, status and privileges of the professional. It is clearly a tough call for it do both.

Many professional bodies are involved in the development and monitoring of professional educational programs, and the updating of skills, and thus perform ] to indicate that a person possesses qualifications in the subject area. Sometimes membership of a professional body is synonymous with certification, though not always. Membership of a professional body, as a legal requirement, can in some professions form the primary formal basis for gaining entry to and setting up practice within the profession; ''see ].''

Many professional bodies also act as ] for the ] underlying their professions.

As a practical matter, most professional organizations of global scope (see ]) are located in the ]. The U.S. has often led the transformation of various ] into professions, a process described in the academic literature as ].

== Legal functions ==
In countries where the law entitles ]s to a ] by their peers, the general public may not be considered sufficiently knowledgeable in a field of practice to act as a peer in some legal cases. For example, the professional associations do not always concern themselves with licensure or the equivalent or government regulations. In the ], journalists seek to avoid government involvement in their work or "official" definitions.

⚫ ==Inter-professional associations==

Inter-professional associations have been defined as private organizations, recognized by the State, that group together participants from all stages of the same agricultural ] chain (filière in French), with the objectives of elaborating policies, guaranteeing equity among the members, facilitating the improvement of the performance of the chain and defending the interests of the members.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Coronel |first1=C. |last2=Liagre |first2=L. |year=2006 |url=http://www.inter-reseaux.org/IMG/pdf/ReDev_interprofession_France_Iram_2006.pdf |title=Les interprofessions agroalimentaires en France |language=] |publisher=Ministère Français des Affaires Etrangères |location=Paris |accessdate=May 16, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Cadilhon |first1=J. |last2=Dedieu |first2=M.-S. |year=2011 |url=http://agriculture.gouv.fr/Analysis-no31-june-2011-Commodity |title=Commodity associations : a widespread tool for marketing chain management |work=Analysis no.31 |publisher=Centre for Studies and Strategic Foresight, Ministry of Agriculture |location=Paris |accessdate=May 16, 2011}}</ref> There are around sixty such associations in France and several in ] countries of Africa. A particular feature of inter-professional associations is that the membership is made up of associations that represent the individual chain professions. This is in contrast, for example, to commodity associations in the United States where membership is largely of individuals and companies. Many developing countries have few or no associations that cover an entire commodity chain and there would appear scope for the development of such organizations to promote improved liaison with governments.<ref>Shepherd, Andrew W., Cadilhon, J-J and Galvez, Eva, 2009 Commodity Associations - A tool for supply chain development? FAO, Rome</ref>

==Business Organization==
⚫ {{see also|Professional corporation}}
In the United States, '''PA''' (Professional Association), used in conjunction with a business name is a corporation formed by professionals such as lawyers, engineers, dentists, and medical doctors. In the past, the so-called "learned professions" were not allowed to operate as corporations. But most states have now enacted a professional corporation or association act that allows professionals to practice under their bedsheets, corporate rules provided that all shareholders are members of the profession. A PA is attractive to professionals because it provides some of the tax advantages and liability protections of a business corporation.<ref>Fletcher, 1A Cyclopedia of the Law of Pirate Corporations §§97, 112.1 (1983).</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
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==References== ==References==
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==External links== == External links ==
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* Anders Kjellberg , Lund University: Studies in Social Policy, Industrial Relations, Working Life and Mobility. Research Reports 2013:2 * Anders Kjellberg , Lund University: Studies in Social Policy, Industrial Relations, Working Life and Mobility. Research Reports 2013:2
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Latest revision as of 03:19, 21 December 2024

Typically nonprofit organization seeking to further a particular profession

A professional association (also called a professional body, professional organization, or professional society) is a group that usually seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals and organisations engaged in that profession, and the public interest. In the United States, such an association is typically a nonprofit business league for tax purposes. In the UK, they may take a variety of legal forms.

Roles

The roles of professional associations have been variously defined: "A group of people in a learned occupation who are entrusted with maintaining control or oversight of the legitimate practice of the occupation;" also a body acting "to safeguard the public interest;" organizations which "represent the interest of the professional practitioners," and so "act to maintain their own privileged and powerful position as a controlling body." Professional associations are ill defined although often have commonality in purpose and activities. In the UK the Science Council defines a professional body as "an organisation with individual members practicing a profession or occupation in which the organisation maintains an oversight of the knowledge, skills, conduct and practice of that profession or occupation". The Quality Assurance Agency distinguishes between statutory bodies and regulators that "have powers mandated by Parliament to regulate a profession or group of professions and protect the use of professional titles" and professional bodies that "are independent membership organisations that oversee the activities of a particular profession and represent the interests of members" and which "may offer registration or certification of unregulated occupations on a voluntary basis."

Many professional bodies are involved in accrediting degrees, defining and examining the skills and competencies necessary to practice, and granting professional certifications to indicate that a person is qualified in the subject area.

Many professional bodies also act as learned societies for the academic disciplines underlying their professions, such as the American Statistical Association.

See also

References

  1. ^ Speight, James (2014-12-10). Educating Scientists and Engineers for Academic and Non-Academic Career Success. CRC Press. p. 59. ISBN 9781466553576. Archived from the original on 2020-01-26. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  2. Holmes, CS. "The Nature, Form And Purpose Of Contemporary Professional Associations: An Extended Case Study Of The British Association For Counselling And Psychotherapy". Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
  3. Harvey, L. (2004). "Professional body". Quality Research International. Analytic Quality Glossary. Archived from the original on 2019-02-16. Retrieved 2008-09-14.
  4. ^ Harvey, L.; Mason, S.; Ward, R. (1995). Role of Professional Bodies in Higher Education Quality Monitoring. Birmingham: Quality in Higher Education Project. ISBN 1-85920-108-3.
  5. Holmes, CS (2019). The Nature, Form And Purpose Of Contemporary Professional Associations: An Extended Case Study Of The British Association For Counselling And Psychotherapy (Thesis). University of Leicester. doi:10.25392/leicester.data.11335652.v1. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  6. "Our definition of a Professional Body". Science Council. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  7. "UK Quality Code for Higher Education: Part A: Seeing and Maintaining Academic Standards" (PDF). Quality Assurance Agency. 2018. pp. 5–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  8. "Professional bodies and professional qualification". Target Jobs. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  9. Sha, Mandy (2019-05-14). "Professional Association and Pathways to Leadership in Our Profession". Survey Practice. 12 (1): 1–6. doi:10.29115/SP-2018-0039. Archived from the original on Nov 24, 2023.

External links

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